1
|
Kim K, Ko DS, Kim JW, Lee D, Son E, Kim HW, Song TJ, Kim YH. Association of smoking with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and dose-response analysis. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-13. [PMID: 38239315 PMCID: PMC10795623 DOI: 10.18332/tid/175731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting the voluntary motor nervous system. Several observational studies have provided conflicting results regarding the association between smoking and ALS. Therefore, our objective was to investigate this association through a systematic review, meta-analysis, and dose-response analysis. METHODS On 16 January 2023, we initially extracted records from medical databases, which included Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. We included case-control and cohort studies as eligible studies. Subgroup analyses were performed based on sex, study design, and current smoking. Restricted cubic-spline analysis was utilized to assess the dose-response relationship between smoking (pack-years) and ALS. RESULTS Twenty-eight case-control and four cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. The unadjusted OR for the overall association between smoking and ALS was 1.14 (95% CI: 1.06-1.22, I2=44%, p<0.001), and the adjusted OR (AOR) was 1.12 (95% CI: 1.03-1.21, I2=49%, p=0.009). Subgroup analysis revealed a more pronounced association among current smokers, with an AOR of 1.28 (95% CI: 1.10-1.49, I2=66%, p<0.001) and AOR of 1.28 (95% CI: 1.10-1.48, I2=58%, p=0.001). In the dose-response analysis, the non-linear model revealed an inverted U-shaped curve. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence of a positive relationship between smoking and the risk of ALS. To mitigate the risk of developing ALS, discontinuing smoking, which is a modifiable risk factor, may be crucial.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered in PROSPERO.IDENTIFIER: CRD42023388822.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kihun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai Sik Ko
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjeong Son
- Division of Respiratory and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Song
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Gangseo-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
White LM, Boardman J, Lilleker J, Chaouch A, Kargwell H, Ealing J, Hamdalla H. Phenotypical differences of C9ORF72 gene-positive and negative amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a comparative case series. J Med Genet 2023; 60:1016-1020. [PMID: 37173134 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-109016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hexanucleotide repeat expansions of C9ORF72 account for a significant proportion of autosomal dominant neurodegenerative diseases in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-frontotemporal dementia spectrum. In the absence of a family history, clinical identification of such patients remains difficult. We aimed to identify differences in demographics and clinical presentation between patients with C9ORF72 gene-positive ALS (C9pALS) versus C9ORF72 gene-negative ALS (C9nALS), to aid identification of these patients in the clinic and examine differences in outcomes including survival. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the clinical presentations of 32 patients with C9pALS and compared their characteristics with a cohort of 46 patients with C9nALS from the same tertiary neurosciences centre. RESULTS Patients with C9pALS more commonly presented with mixed upper and lower motor signs (C9pALS 87.5%, C9nALS 65.2%; p=0.0352), but less frequently presented with purely upper motor neuron signs (C9pALS 3.1%, C9nALS 21.7%; p=0.0226). The C9pALS cohort had a higher frequency of cognitive impairment (C9pALS 31.3%, C9nALS 10.9%; p=0.0394) and bulbar disease (C9pALS 56.3%, C9nALS 28.3%; p=0.0186). There were no differences between cohorts in age at diagnosis, gender, limb weakness, respiratory symptoms, presentation with predominantly lower motor neuron signs or overall survival. DISCUSSION Analysis of this ALS clinic cohort at a UK tertiary neurosciences centre adds to the small but growing understanding of the unique clinical features of patients with C9pALS. In the age of precision medicine with expanding opportunities to manage genetic diseases with disease-modifying therapies, clinical identification of such patients is increasingly important as focused therapeutic strategies become available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Michelle White
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | | | - James Lilleker
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester School of Biological Sciences, Manchester, UK
| | - Amina Chaouch
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Haga Kargwell
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - John Ealing
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Hisham Hamdalla
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Motor, cognitive and behavioural profiles of C9orf72 expansion-related amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol 2023; 270:898-908. [PMID: 36308529 PMCID: PMC9886586 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) individuals carrying the hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) in the C9orf72 gene (C9Pos) have been described as presenting distinct features compared to the general ALS population (C9Neg). We aim to identify the phenotypic traits more closely associated with the HRE and analyse the role of the repeat length as a modifier factor. METHODS We studied a cohort of 960 ALS patients (101 familial and 859 sporadic cases). Motor phenotype was determined using the MRC scale, the lower motor neuron score (LMNS) and the Penn upper motor neuron score (PUMNS). Neuropsychological profile was studied using the Italian version of the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (ECAS), the Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). A two-step PCR protocol and Southern blotting were performed to determine the presence and the size of C9orf72 HRE, respectively. RESULTS C9orf72 HRE was detected in 55/960 ALS patients. C9Pos patients showed a younger onset, higher odds of bulbar onset, increased burden of UMN signs, reduced survival and higher frequency of concurrent dementia. We found an inverse correlation between the HRE length and the performance at ECAS ALS-specific tasks (P = 0.031). Patients also showed higher burden of behavioural disinhibition (P = 1.6 × 10-4), lower degrees of depression (P = 0.015) and anxiety (P = 0.008) compared to C9Neg cases. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides an extensive characterization of motor, cognitive and behavioural features of C9orf72-related ALS, indicating that the C9orf72 HRE size may represent a modifier of the cognitive phenotype.
Collapse
|
4
|
Sista SRS, Shelly S, Oskarsson B, Rubin DI, Martinez-Thompson JM, Parra-Cantu C, Staff NP, Laughlin RS. Clinical and electrophysiological findings in C9ORF72 ALS. Muscle Nerve 2022; 66:270-275. [PMID: 35727129 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, fatal, neurodegenerative disorder of motor neurons in which the cause is mostly unknown. Early identification of genetic ALS cases, of which C9ORF72 (C9ALS) is the most frequent, can have important implications for evaluation, prognosis, and therapeutics. Here, we aimed to characterize the clinical and electrophysiological hallmarks of C9ALS and investigate differences from C9ORF72 negative ALS (non-C9ALS). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed clinical and electrodiagnostic (EDX) data for all genetically confirmed C9ALS cases seen between 1/1/2012 and 10/1/2020 who met Gold Coast criteria and compared them 1:1 with non-C9ALS patients within the same time frame. RESULTS A total of 99 C9ALS and 99 non-C9ALS cases were identified. Compared to non-C9ALS, C9ALS demonstrated higher prevalence in women, lesser racial variability, stronger family history of ALS, and higher frequency of upper motor neuron signs. EDX testing of C9ALS showed higher median sensory nerve and lower fibular compound muscle action potential amplitudes. DISCUSSION Although the differences between C9ALS and non-C9ALS reached statistical significance in certain nerve conduction parameters, they were not sufficient to discriminate between groups on a case-by-case basis. Genetic testing is required to identify C9ALS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahar Shelly
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Middle East, Israel
| | - Björn Oskarsson
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Devon I Rubin
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Nathan P Staff
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Masrori P, Beckers J, Gossye H, Van Damme P. The role of inflammation in neurodegeneration: novel insights into the role of the immune system in C9orf72 HRE-mediated ALS/FTD. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:22. [PMID: 35303907 PMCID: PMC8932121 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an important hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). An inflammatory reaction to neuronal injury is deemed vital for neuronal health and homeostasis. However, a continued activation of the inflammatory response can be detrimental to remaining neurons and aggravate the disease process. Apart from a disease modifying role, some evidence suggests that neuroinflammation may also contribute to the upstream cause of the disease. In this review, we will first focus on the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 gene (C9orf72) hexanucleotide repeat expansions (HRE)-mediated ALS/FTD (C9-ALS/FTD). Additionally, we will discuss evidence from ex vivo and in vivo studies and finally, we briefly summarize the trials and progress of anti-inflammatory therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Masrori
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Experimental Neurology, Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N5, Herestraat 49, 602, 3000, Leuven, PB, Belgium.,Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Beckers
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Experimental Neurology, Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N5, Herestraat 49, 602, 3000, Leuven, PB, Belgium
| | - Helena Gossye
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.,VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Experimental Neurology, Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N5, Herestraat 49, 602, 3000, Leuven, PB, Belgium. .,Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Laaksovirta H, Launes J, Jansson L, Traynor BJ, Kaivola K, Tienari PJ. ALS in Finland. Neurol Genet 2022; 8:e665. [PMID: 35295181 PMCID: PMC8922337 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives To analyze the frequencies of major genetic variants and the clinical features in Finnish patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with or without the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion. Methods A cohort of patients with motor neuron disease was recruited between 1993 and 2020 at the Helsinki University Hospital and 2 second-degree outpatient clinics in Helsinki. Finnish ancestry patients with ALS fulfilled the diagnosis according to the revised El Escorial criteria and the Awaji-criteria. Two categories of familial ALS (FALS) were used. A patient was defined FALS-A if at least 1 first- or second-degree family member had ALS, and FALS-NP, if family members had additional neurologic or psychiatric endophenotypes. Results Of the 815 patients, 25% had FALS-A and 45% FALS-NP. C9orf72 expansion (C9pos) was found in 256 (31%) of all patients, in 58% of FALS-A category, in 48% of FALS-NP category, and in 23 or 17% of sporadic cases using the FALS-A or FALS-NP definition. C9pos or SOD1 p.D91A homozygosity was found in 328 (40%) of the 815 patients. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics between C9pos and patients with unknown cause of ALS (Unk). We found that the age at onset was significantly earlier and survival markedly shorter in the C9pos vs Unk patients with ALS. The shortest survival was found in bulbar-onset male C9pos patients, whereas the longest survival was found in Unk limb-onset males. Older age at onset associated consistently with shorter survival in C9pos and Unk patients in both limb-onset and bulbar-onset groups. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of bulbar-onset and limb-onset patients in C9pos and Unk groups. ALS-frontotemporal dementia (FTD) was more common in C9pos (17%) than in Unk (4%) patients, and of all patients with ALS-FTD, 70% were C9pos. Discussion These results provide further evidence for the short survival of C9orf72-associated ALS. A prominent role of the C9orf72 and SOD1 variants was found in the Finnish population. An unusually high frequency of C9pos was also found among patients with sporadic ALS. The enrichment of these 2 variants likely contributes to the high incidence of ALS in Finland.
Collapse
|
7
|
Pattamatta A, Nguyen L, Olafson HR, Scotti MM, Laboissonniere LA, Richardson J, Berglund JA, Zu T, Wang ET, Ranum LPW. Repeat length increases disease penetrance and severity in C9orf72 ALS/FTD BAC transgenic mice. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:3900-3918. [PMID: 33378537 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
C9orf72 ALS/FTD patients show remarkable clinical heterogeneity, but the complex biology of the repeat expansion mutation has limited our understanding of the disease. BAC transgenic mice were used to better understand the molecular mechanisms and repeat length effects of C9orf72 ALS/FTD. Genetic analyses of these mice demonstrate that the BAC transgene and not integration site effects cause ALS/FTD phenotypes. Transcriptomic changes in cell proliferation, inflammation and neuronal pathways are found late in disease and alternative splicing changes provide early molecular markers that worsen with disease progression. Isogenic sublines of mice with 800, 500 or 50 G4C2 repeats generated from the single-copy C9-500 line show longer repeats result in earlier onset, increased disease penetrance and increased levels of RNA foci and dipeptide RAN protein aggregates. These data demonstrate G4C2 repeat length is an important driver of disease and identify alternative splicing changes as early biomarkers of C9orf72 ALS/FTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Pattamatta
- Center for NeuroGenetics, Colllege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Colllege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lien Nguyen
- Center for NeuroGenetics, Colllege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Colllege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Hailey R Olafson
- Center for NeuroGenetics, Colllege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Colllege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Marina M Scotti
- Center for NeuroGenetics, Colllege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Colllege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lauren A Laboissonniere
- Center for NeuroGenetics, Colllege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Colllege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jared Richardson
- Center for NeuroGenetics, Colllege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - J Andrew Berglund
- Center for NeuroGenetics, Colllege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colllege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,RNA Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Tao Zu
- Center for NeuroGenetics, Colllege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Colllege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Eric T Wang
- Center for NeuroGenetics, Colllege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Colllege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Laura P W Ranum
- Center for NeuroGenetics, Colllege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Colllege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Fixel Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hutten S, Usluer S, Bourgeois B, Simonetti F, Odeh HM, Fare CM, Czuppa M, Hruska-Plochan M, Hofweber M, Polymenidou M, Shorter J, Edbauer D, Madl T, Dormann D. Nuclear Import Receptors Directly Bind to Arginine-Rich Dipeptide Repeat Proteins and Suppress Their Pathological Interactions. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108538. [PMID: 33357437 PMCID: PMC7814465 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear import receptors, also called importins, mediate nuclear import of proteins and chaperone aggregation-prone cargoes (e.g., neurodegeneration-linked RNA-binding proteins [RBPs]) in the cytoplasm. Importins were identified as modulators of cellular toxicity elicited by arginine-rich dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs), an aberrant protein species found in C9orf72-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Mechanistically, the link between importins and arginine-rich DPRs remains unclear. Here, we show that arginine-rich DPRs (poly-GR and poly-PR) bind directly to multiple importins and, in excess, promote their insolubility and condensation. In cells, poly-GR impairs Impα/β-mediated nuclear import, including import of TDP-43, an RBP that aggregates in C9orf72-ALS/FTD patients. Arginine-rich DPRs promote phase separation and insolubility of TDP-43 in vitro and in cells, and this pathological interaction is suppressed by elevating importin concentrations. Our findings suggest that importins can decrease toxicity of arginine-rich DPRs by suppressing their pathological interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Hutten
- BioMedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Sinem Usluer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Bourgeois
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Francesca Simonetti
- BioMedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hana M Odeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charlotte M Fare
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mareike Czuppa
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marian Hruska-Plochan
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Hofweber
- BioMedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; LMU Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Magdalini Polymenidou
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dieter Edbauer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; LMU Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dorothee Dormann
- BioMedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; LMU Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Klotz S, König T, Erdler M, Ulram A, Nguyen A, Ströbel T, Zimprich A, Stögmann E, Regelsberger G, Höftberger R, Budka H, Kovacs GG, Gelpi E. Co-incidental C9orf72 expansion mutation-related frontotemporal lobar degeneration pathology and sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Eur J Neurol 2020; 28:1009-1015. [PMID: 33131137 PMCID: PMC7898301 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansion mutation is the most common cause of genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and combined FTD‐ALS. Its underlying neuropathology combines TDP‐43 pathology and dipeptide repeat protein (DPR) deposits and may also associate with other neurodegeneration‐associated protein aggregates. Herein we present a unique combination of C9orf72 mutation with sporadic Creutzfeldt−Jakob disease (CJD) in a 74‐year‐old patient with rapidly progressive dementia. Methods Detailed neuropathological examination including immunohistochemistry for several proteinopathies. Genetic analysis was conducted by repeat primed polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, we analyzed additional C9orf72 mutation carriers for prion−protein (PrP) deposits in brain tissue and screened the cerebellar cortex of other CJD cases for p62/DPR neuronal inclusions to assess the frequency of combined pathologies. Results Postmortem brain examination of a patient with a rapidly progressive neurological deterioration of 8 months’ duration confirmed the diagnosis of CJD. She harbored valine homozygosity at PRNP codon 129. In addition, a frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)‐pattern with TDP‐43 protein aggregates and p62+/C9RANT+ positive inclusions along with a high degree of Alzheimer‐related pathology (A3B3C3) were identified. The suspected C9orf72 expansion mutation was confirmed by repeat‐primed PCR. Screening of 13 C9orf72 cases showed no pathological PrP aggregates and screening of 100 CJD cases revealed no other C9orf72 expansion mutation carriers. Conclusion A combination of a C9orf72 expansion mutation‐related FTLD with sporadic CJD in the same patient is rare. While the rarity of both diseases makes this concurrence most likely to be coincidental, questions regarding a potential link between these two neurodegenerative pathologies deserve further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Klotz
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Reference Center for Human Prion Diseases (OERPE), Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa König
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Erdler
- Department of Neurology, Klinik Donaustadt mit Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institut, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Ulram
- Department of Neurosurgery, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anita Nguyen
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Ströbel
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Reference Center for Human Prion Diseases (OERPE), Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Günther Regelsberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Reference Center for Human Prion Diseases (OERPE), Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Höftberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Budka
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Reference Center for Human Prion Diseases (OERPE), Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine Program & Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ellen Gelpi
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Reference Center for Human Prion Diseases (OERPE), Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gagliardi D, Costamagna G, Taiana M, Andreoli L, Biella F, Bersani M, Bresolin N, Comi GP, Corti S. Insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutics for C9orf72-related amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101172. [PMID: 32971256 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In 2011, a hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) in the noncoding region of C9orf72 was associated with the most frequent genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The main pathogenic mechanisms in C9-ALS/FTD are haploinsufficiency of the C9orf72 protein and gain of function toxicity from bidirectionally-transcribed repeat-containing RNAs and dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs) resulting from non-canonical RNA translation. Additionally, abnormalities in different downstream cellular mechanisms, such as nucleocytoplasmic transport and autophagy, play a role in pathogenesis. Substantial research efforts using in vitro and in vivo models have provided valuable insights into the contribution of each mechanism in disease pathogenesis. However, conflicting evidence exists, and a unifying theory still lacks. Here, we provide an overview of the recently published literature on clinical, neuropathological and molecular features of C9-ALS/FTD. We highlight the supposed neuronal role of C9orf72 and the HRE pathogenic cascade, mainly focusing on the contribution of RNA foci and DPRs to neurodegeneration and discussing the several downstream mechanisms. We summarize the emerging biochemical and neuroimaging biomarkers, as well as the potential therapeutic approaches. Despite promising results, a specific disease-modifying treatment is still not available to date and greater insights into disease mechanisms may help in this direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delia Gagliardi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Costamagna
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Taiana
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Andreoli
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Biella
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Bersani
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shpilyukova YA, Fedotova EY, Berdnikovich ES, Konovalov RN, Zakharova MN, Grishina DA, Yakhno NN, Illarioshkin SN. [C9orf72-associated frontotemporal dementia in the Russian population]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:98-106. [PMID: 33081454 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202012009198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency of C9orf72-associated frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in the Russian population and to study clinical features of GGGGCC-repeat expansion carriers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with FTD are included in the study: 15 with a behavioral variant of FTD (bvFTD) and 13 with a agrammatic/non-fluent variant of primary progressive aphasia (avPPA). The mean age was 62 years (34-80), the mean disease duration was 4 years (1-10). The positive family history was noted in 46% of cases. DNA diagnosis was performed using repeat-primed polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The frequency of the C9orf72 repeat expansion in patients with FTD was 14%, in patients with bvFTD 20%, in patients with avPPA 8%. The mean age of disease onset in the expansion carriers was 63 (55-75) years. The frequency of the C9orf72 repeats expansion in familial FTD cases was 31%, in sporadic cases 7%. bvFTD with parkinsonian syndrome was noted in two out of four cases, bvFTD with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was shown in one case, avPPA with ALS was shown in one case. One female patient with bvFTD with parkinsonian syndrome presented with cognitive fluctuations that required a differential diagnosis with Lewy body disease. CONCLUSION This is the first study of the genetic structure of FTD in the Russian population. The prevalence and clinical characteristics of C9orf72-associated FTD were defined, in particular, the spectrum of motor symptoms was shown along with behavioral and aphasic disturbances. DNA diagnosis plays an important role in confirming the diagnosis and selection of patients for potential disease-modifying treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - D A Grishina
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N N Yakhno
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hao Z, Wang R, Ren H, Wang G. Role of the C9ORF72 Gene in the Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:1057-1070. [PMID: 32860626 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the C9ORF72 gene in 2011, great advances have been achieved in its genetics and in identifying its role in disease models and pathological mechanisms; it is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). ALS patients with C9ORF72 expansion show heterogeneous symptoms. Those who are C9ORF72 expansion carriers have shorter survival after disease onset than non-C9ORF72 expansion patients. Pathological and clinical features of C9ORF72 patients have been well mimicked via several models, including induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and transgenic mice that were embedded with bacterial artificial chromosome construct and that overexpressing dipeptide repeat proteins. The mechanisms implicated in C9ORF72 pathology include DNA damage, changes of RNA metabolism, alteration of phase separation, and impairment of nucleocytoplasmic transport, which may underlie C9ORF72 expansion-related ALS/FTD and provide insight into non-C9ORF72 expansion-related ALS, FTD, and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongbing Hao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Haigang Ren
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Neumann M, Mackenzie IRA. Review: Neuropathology of non-tau frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 45:19-40. [PMID: 30357887 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) as a relatively consistent neuropathological hallmark feature. However, the discoveries in the past decade of many of the relevant pathological proteins aggregating in human FTD brains in addition to several new FTD causing gene mutations underlined that FTD is a diverse condition on the neuropathological and genetic basis. This resulted in a novel molecular classification of these conditions based on the predominant protein abnormality and allows most cases of FTD to be placed now into one of three broad molecular subgroups; FTLD with tau, TAR DNA-binding protein 43 or FET protein accumulation (FTLD-tau, FTLD-TDP and FTLD-FET respectively). This review will provide an overview of the molecular neuropathology of non-tau FTLD, insights into disease mechanisms gained from the study of human post mortem tissue as well as discussion of current controversies in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Neumann
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Molecular Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - I R A Mackenzie
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mackenzie IRA, Briemberg H. TDP-43 pathology in primary lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2020; 21:52-58. [PMID: 32657153 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2020.1790607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a controversial form of motor neuron disease (MND), with uncertainty whether it represents a distinct clinico-pathological entity or is simply a variant of classical amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Neuropathological studies provide an opportunity to investigate these issues; however, there have been very few published descriptions of postmortem findings in clinically defined PLS, using modern techniques. Here, we report the neuropathological features of seven cases of PLS with age at onset ranging from 47 to 73 years and disease duration from 3.5 to 35 years. All cases showed chronic degeneration of the primary motor cortex and/or the corticospinal tracts with preservation of lower motor neurons (LMN). All five cases, in which motor cortex was available, had TDP-43 immunoreactive (TDP-ir) cortical pathology. In all seven cases, TDP-ir inclusions were also present in LMN; however, these were always rare, averaging less than one inclusion per tissue section. The finding of TDP-ir pathology in all our cases suggests that PLS and ALS are closely related conditions. Importantly however, the extremely minor involvement of LMN, even after very long disease duration in some cases, suggests that PLS is a distinct form of MND in which LMN are spared or protected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian R A Mackenzie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, and
| | - Hannah Briemberg
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
A Systematic Review of Genotype-Phenotype Correlation across Cohorts Having Causal Mutations of Different Genes in ALS. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030058. [PMID: 32610599 PMCID: PMC7564886 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disease characterised by progressive deterioration of upper and lower motor neurons that eventually culminates in severe muscle atrophy, respiratory failure and death. There is a concerning lack of understanding regarding the mechanisms that lead to the onset of ALS and as a result there are no reliable biomarkers that aid in the early detection of the disease nor is there an effective treatment. This review first considers the clinical phenotypes associated with ALS, and discusses the broad categorisation of ALS and ALS-mimic diseases into upper and lower motor neuron diseases, before focusing on the genetic aetiology of ALS and considering the potential relationship of mutations of different genes to variations in phenotype. For this purpose, a systematic review is conducted collating data from 107 original published clinical studies on monogenic forms of the disease, surveying the age and site of onset, disease duration and motor neuron involvement. The collected data highlight the complexity of the disease's genotype-phenotype relationship, and thus the need for a nuanced approach to the development of clinical assays and therapeutics.
Collapse
|
16
|
Shamim U, Ambawat S, Singh J, Thomas A, Pradeep-Chandra-Reddy C, Suroliya V, Uppilli B, Parveen S, Sharma P, Chanchal S, Nashi S, Preethish-Kumar V, Vengalil S, Polavarapu K, Keerthipriya M, Mahajan NP, Reddy N, Thomas PT, Sadasivan A, Warrier M, Seth M, Zahra S, Mathur A, Vibha D, Srivastava AK, Nalini A, Faruq M. C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion in Indian patients with ALS: a common founder and its geographical predilection. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 88:156.e1-156.e9. [PMID: 32035847 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9orf72 is defined as a major causative factor for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The mutation frequency varies dramatically among populations of different ethnicity; however, in most cases, C9orf72 mutant has been described on a common founder haplotype. We assessed its frequency in a study cohort involving 593 clinically and electrophysiologically defined ALS cases. We also investigated the presence of reported Finnish haplotype among the mutation carriers. The identified common haplotype region was further screened in 192 (carrying 2-6 G4C2 repeats) and 96 (≥7 repeats) control chromosomes. The G4C2 expansion was observed in 3.2% (19/593) of total cases where 9/19 (47.4%) positive cases belonged to the eastern region of India. Haplotype analysis revealed 11 G4C2-Ex carriers shared the common haplotype (haplo-A) background spanning a region of ∼90 kbp (rs895021-rs11789520) including rs3849942 (a well-known global at-risk loci with T allele for G4C2 expansion). The other 3 G4C2-Ex cases had a different haplotype (haplo-B) with core difference from haplo-A at G4C2-Ex flanking 31 kbp region between rs3849942 and rs11789520 SNPs (allele 'C' of rs3849942 which is a nonrisk allele). Out of other five G4C2-cases, four carried the risk allele T of rs3849942 while one harbored the non-risk allele. This study establishes the prevalence of C9orf72 expansion in Indian ALS cases providing further evidence for geographical predilection. The global core risk haplotype predominated C9orf72 expansion-positive ALS cases, yet the existence of a different haplotype suggests a second lineage (haplo B), which may have been derived from the Finnish core haplotype or may imply a unique haplotype among Asians. The association of risk haplotype with normal intermediate C9orf72 alleles reinforced its role in conferring instability to the C9orf72-G4C2 region. We thus present an effective support to interpret future burden of ALS cases in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Shamim
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sakshi Ambawat
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyotsna Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Aneesa Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Varun Suroliya
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bharathram Uppilli
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shaista Parveen
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shankar Chanchal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Saraswati Nashi
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Seena Vengalil
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kiran Polavarapu
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Muddasu Keerthipriya
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Neeraja Reddy
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Priya Treesa Thomas
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arun Sadasivan
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Manjusha Warrier
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Malika Seth
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sana Zahra
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Aradhana Mathur
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Vibha
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Achal K Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Atchayaram Nalini
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mohammed Faruq
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hergesheimer RC, Chami AA, de Assis DR, Vourc'h P, Andres CR, Corcia P, Lanznaster D, Blasco H. The debated toxic role of aggregated TDP-43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a resolution in sight? Brain 2020; 142:1176-1194. [PMID: 30938443 PMCID: PMC6487324 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transactive response DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is an RNA/DNA binding protein that forms phosphorylated and ubiquitinated aggregates in the cytoplasm of motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which is a hallmark of this disease. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative condition affecting the upper and lower motor neurons. Even though the aggregative property of TDP-43 is considered a cornerstone of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, there has been major controversy regarding the functional link between TDP-43 aggregates and cell death. In this review, we attempt to reconcile the current literature surrounding this debate by discussing the results and limitations of the published data relating TDP-43 aggregates to cytotoxicity, as well as therapeutic perspectives of TDP-43 aggregate clearance. We point out key data suggesting that the formation of TDP-43 aggregates and the capacity to self-template and propagate among cells as a 'prion-like' protein, another pathological property of TDP-43 aggregates, are a significant cause of motor neuronal death. We discuss the disparities among the various studies, particularly with respect to the type of models and the different forms of TDP-43 used to evaluate cellular toxicity. We also examine how these disparities can interfere with the interpretation of the results pertaining to a direct toxic effect of TDP-43 aggregates. Furthermore, we present perspectives for improving models in order to better uncover the toxic role of aggregated TDP-43. Finally, we review the recent studies on the enhancement of the cellular clearance mechanisms of autophagy, the ubiquitin proteasome system, and endocytosis in an attempt to counteract TDP-43 aggregation-induced toxicity. Altogether, the data available so far encourage us to suggest that the cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 is key for the neurodegeneration observed in motor neurons in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The corresponding findings provide novel avenues toward early therapeutic interventions and clinical outcomes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna A Chami
- UMR 1253, iBRAIN, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
| | | | - Patrick Vourc'h
- UMR 1253, iBRAIN, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France.,CHU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France
| | - Christian R Andres
- UMR 1253, iBRAIN, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France.,CHU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- UMR 1253, iBRAIN, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France.,CHU de Tours, Service de Neurologie, Tours, France
| | | | - Hélène Blasco
- UMR 1253, iBRAIN, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France.,CHU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia is a clinically and pathologically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders, with progressive impairment of behavior and language. They can be closely related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, clinically and through shared genetics and similar pathology. Approximately 40% of people with frontotemporal dementia report a family history of dementia, motor neuron disease or parkinsonism, and half of these familial cases are attributed to mutations in three genes (C9orf72, MAPT and PGRN). Akinetic-rigidity is a common feature in several types of frontotemporal dementia, particularly the behavioral variant and the non-fluent agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia, and the familial dementias. The majority of patients develop a degree of parkinsonism during the course of the illness, and signs may be present at the time of initial diagnosis. However, the parkinsonism of frontotemporal dementia is very different from that observed in idiopathic Parkinson's disease: it may be symmetric, axial, and poorly responsive to levodopa. Tremor is uncommon, and may be postural, action or occasionally rest tremor. The emergence of parkinsonism is often part of an evolving phenotype, in which frontotemporal dementia comes to resemble corticobasal syndrome or progressive supranuclear palsy. This chapter describes the prevalence and phenomenology of parkinsonism in each of the major syndromes, and according to the common genetic forms of frontotemporal dementia. We discuss the changing nosology and terminology surrounding the diagnoses, and the significance of parkinsonism as a core feature of frontotemporal dementia, relevant to clinical management and the design of future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James B Rowe
- Cambridge University Centre for Frontotemporal Dementia and Cambridge University Centre for Parkinson-plus, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cammack AJ, Atassi N, Hyman T, van den Berg LH, Harms M, Baloh RH, Brown RH, van Es MA, Veldink JH, de Vries BS, Rothstein JD, Drain C, Jockel-Balsarotti J, Malcolm A, Boodram S, Salter A, Wightman N, Yu H, Sherman AV, Esparza TJ, McKenna-Yasek D, Owegi MA, Douthwright C, McCampbell A, Ferguson T, Cruchaga C, Cudkowicz M, Miller TM. Prospective natural history study of C9orf72 ALS clinical characteristics and biomarkers. Neurology 2019; 93:e1605-e1617. [PMID: 31578300 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the natural history of the C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (C9ALS) patient population, develop disease biomarkers, and characterize patient pathologies. METHODS We prospectively collected clinical and demographic data from 116 symptomatic C9ALS and 12 non-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) full expansion carriers across 7 institutions in the United States and the Netherlands. In addition, we collected blood samples for DNA repeat size assessment, CSF samples for biomarker identification, and autopsy samples for dipeptide repeat protein (DPR) size determination. Finally, we collected retrospective clinical data via chart review from 208 individuals with C9ALS and 450 individuals with singleton ALS. RESULTS The mean age at onset in the symptomatic prospective cohort was 57.9 ± 8.3 years, and median duration of survival after onset was 36.9 months. The monthly change was -1.8 ± 1.7 for ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised and -1.4% ± 3.24% of predicted for slow vital capacity. In blood DNA, we found that G4C2 repeat size correlates positively with age. In CSF, we observed that concentrations of poly(GP) negatively correlate with DNA expansion size but do not correlate with measures of disease progression. Finally, we found that size of poly(GP) dipeptides in the brain can reach large sizes similar to that of their DNA repeat derivatives. CONCLUSIONS We present a thorough investigation of C9ALS natural history, providing the basis for C9ALS clinical trial design. We found that clinical features of this genetic subset are less variant than in singleton ALS. In addition, we identified important correlations of C9ALS patient pathologies with clinical and demographic data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Cammack
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Nazem Atassi
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Theodore Hyman
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Matthew Harms
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Robert H Baloh
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Robert H Brown
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Michael A van Es
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Jan H Veldink
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Balint S de Vries
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Jeffrey D Rothstein
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Caroline Drain
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer Jockel-Balsarotti
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Amber Malcolm
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Sonia Boodram
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Amber Salter
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Nicholas Wightman
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Hong Yu
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Alexander V Sherman
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Thomas J Esparza
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Diane McKenna-Yasek
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Margaret A Owegi
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Catherine Douthwright
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | | | - Alexander McCampbell
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Toby Ferguson
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Merit Cudkowicz
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA
| | - Timothy M Miller
- From the Department of Neurology (A.J.C., T.H., C.D., J.J.-B., A.M., S.B., A.S., T.J.E., C.C., T.M.M.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology (N.A., H.Y., A.V.S., M.C.), Neurological Clinical Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (L.H.v.d.B., M.A.v.E., J.H.V., B.S.d.V.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.H.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (R.H. Baloh), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (R.H. Brown, N.W., D.M.-Y., M.A.O., C.D.), University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Department of Neurology (J.D.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Biogen Inc. (A.M., T.F.), Boston, MA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Van Mossevelde S, Engelborghs S, van der Zee J, Van Broeckhoven C. Genotype-phenotype links in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Nat Rev Neurol 2019; 14:363-378. [PMID: 29777184 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-018-0009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) represents a group of neurodegenerative brain diseases with highly heterogeneous clinical, neuropathological and genetic characteristics. This high degree of heterogeneity results from the presence of several different underlying molecular disease processes; consequently, it is unlikely that all patients with FTLD will benefit from a single therapy. Therapeutic strategies for FTLD are currently being explored, and tools are urgently needed that enable the selection of patients who are the most likely to benefit from a particular therapy. Definition of the phenotypic characteristics in patients with different FTLD subtypes that share the same underlying disease processes would assist in the stratification of patients into homogeneous groups. The most common subtype of FTLD is characterized by TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43) pathology (FTLD-TDP). In this group, pathogenic mutations have been identified in four genes: C9orf72, GRN, TBK1 and VCP. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the phenotypic characteristics of patients with FTLD-TDP, highlighting shared features and differences among groups of patients who have a pathogenic mutation in one of these four genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Van Mossevelde
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp, Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp, Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Institute Born-Bunge, UAntwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Iacoangeli A, Al Khleifat A, Jones AR, Sproviero W, Shatunov A, Opie-Martin S, Morrison KE, Shaw PJ, Shaw CE, Fogh I, Dobson RJ, Newhouse SJ, Al-Chalabi A. C9orf72 intermediate expansions of 24-30 repeats are associated with ALS. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:115. [PMID: 31315673 PMCID: PMC6637621 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The expansion of a hexanucleotide repeat GGGGCC in C9orf72 is the most common known cause of ALS accounting for ~ 40% familial cases and ~ 7% sporadic cases in the European population. In most people, the repeat length is 2, but in people with ALS, hundreds to thousands of repeats may be observed. A small proportion of people have an intermediate expansion, of the order of 20 to 30 repeats in size, and it remains unknown whether intermediate expansions confer risk of ALS in the same way that massive expansions do. We investigated the association of this intermediate repeat with ALS by performing a meta-analysis of four previously published studies and a new British/Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset of 1295 cases and 613 controls. The final dataset comprised 5071 cases and 3747 controls. Our meta-analysis showed association between ALS and intermediate C9orf72 repeats of 24 to 30 repeats in size (random-effects model OR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.23-14.35, p-value = 0.02). Furthermore, we showed a different frequency of the repeat between the northern and southern European populations (Fisher's exact test p-value = 5 × 10- 3). Our findings provide evidence for the association between intermediate repeats and ALS (p-value = 2 × 10- 4) with direct relevance for research and clinical practice by showing that an expansion of 24 or more repeats should be considered pathogenic.
Collapse
|
22
|
Josephs KA, Zhang YJ, Baker M, Rademakers R, Petrucelli L, Dickson DW. C-terminal and full length TDP-43 specie differ according to FTLD-TDP lesion type but not genetic mutation. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:100. [PMID: 31266542 PMCID: PMC6607585 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transactive response DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is an intranuclear protein involved in RNA splicing. Abnormally deposited TDP-43 is found in the brains of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Different morphological characteristics of TDP-43 immunoreactive inclusions define the different variants of FTLD-TDP. Little is known about the relationships between TDP-43 specie (phosphorylated TDP-43, C-terminal fragments and full length TDP-43) and lesion types. Using novel antibodies that recognize phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43), a neoepitope in the C-terminal fragment of TDP-43 (cTDP-43) and the N-terminal, i.e. full length (nTDP-43) we assess the relative burden of pTDP-43, cTDP-43 and nTDP-43 in 8 different lesion types across FTLD-TDP type A-C. These include neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions, dystrophic neurites, neuronal intranuclear inclusions, fine neurites of the hippocampus, peri-vascular inclusions, Pick body-like inclusions, long thick dystrophic neurites and granular pre-inclusions. We also assess for associations with progranulin (GRN) and C9ORF72 genetic mutations. For all eight lesion types, the highest burden was observed for pTDP-43. In six of the eight lesions studied, cTDP-43 burden was greater than nTDP-43 burden. However, we observed a higher burden of nTDP-43 to cTDP-43 for pre-inclusions. We also noted an equal-to-slightly higher burden of nTDP-43 to cTDP-43 for peri-vascular inclusions. There was not strong evidence for associations to be driven by mutation status although for neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions and dystrophic neurites GRN+ cases had higher burden of pTDP-43, cTDP-43 and nTDP-43 compared to GRN- cases, with nTDP-43 inclusions only observed in GRN+ cases. In addition, for pre-inclusions, cTDP-43 and nTDP-43 burden tended to be higher in C9ORF72- cases compared to C9ORF72+ cases, although this was not the case for pTDP-43. There is clear evidence that phosphorylation and C terminal fragments play an important role in lesion formation in FTLD-TDP. However, for some inclusions, particularly pre-inclusions, full-length TDP-43 appears to be playing a role.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
In this issue of Neuron, Gasset-Rosa et al. (2019) and Mann et al. (2019) demonstrate that cytoplasmic inclusions containing aggregated phosphorylated TDP-43 can evolve through three pathways: direct aggregation or phase-separated intermediates involving ejection from stress granules or seeding with exogenous fibrils. Interestingly, seeding with exogenous fibrils also induces cytoplasmic aggregates of nuclear pore proteins.
Collapse
|
24
|
Andrés-Benito P, Gelpi E, Povedano M, Ausín K, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E, Ferrer I. Combined Transcriptomics and Proteomics in Frontal Cortex Area 8 in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Linked to C9ORF72 Expansion. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 68:1287-1307. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-181123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pol Andrés-Benito
- Neuropathology, Pathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge University Hospital - Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ellen Gelpi
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clínic-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mónica Povedano
- Functional Unit of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (UFELA), Service of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Karina Ausín
- IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Neuroproteomics group and Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Department of Health, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Neuroproteomics group and Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Department of Health, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Neuroproteomics group and Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Department of Health, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Neuropathology, Pathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge University Hospital - Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Crook A, McEwen A, Fifita JA, Zhang K, Kwok JB, Halliday G, Blair IP, Rowe DB. The C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion presents a challenge for testing laboratories and genetic counseling. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2019; 20:310-316. [PMID: 30907153 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2019.1588904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions are the most common known cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Genetic testing for C9orf72 expansions in patients with ALS and/or FTD and their relatives has become increasingly available since hexanucleotide repeat expansions were first reported in 2011. The repeat number is highly variable and the threshold at which repeat size leads to neurodegeneration remains unknown. We present the case of an ALS patient who underwent genetic testing through our Motor Neurone Disease Clinic. We highlight current limitations to analysing and interpreting C9orf72 expansion test results and describe how this resulted in discordant reports of pathogenicity between testing laboratories that confounded the genetic counselling process. We conclude that patients with ALS or FTD and their at-risk family members, need to be adequately counselled about the limitations of current knowledge to ensure they are making informed decisions about genetic testing for C9orf72. Greater collaboration between clinicians, testing laboratories and researchers is required to ensure risks to patients and their families are minimised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Crook
- a Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,c Graduate School of Health , University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo , Australia
| | - Alison McEwen
- c Graduate School of Health , University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo , Australia
| | - Jennifer A Fifita
- b Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Katharine Zhang
- b Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - John B Kwok
- d Central Clinical School and Brain and Mind Centre , The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia.,e School of Medical Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Glenda Halliday
- d Central Clinical School and Brain and Mind Centre , The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Ian P Blair
- b Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Dominic B Rowe
- a Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Giannoccaro MP, Bartoletti-Stella A, Piras S, Casalena A, Oppi F, Ambrosetto G, Montagna P, Liguori R, Parchi P, Capellari S. The First Historically Reported Italian Family with FTD/ALS Teaches a Lesson on C9orf72 RE: Clinical Heterogeneity and Oligogenic Inheritance. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:687-697. [PMID: 29480190 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1969, Dazzi and Finizio reported the second observation of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) association in a large Italian kindred affected by an autosomal dominant form of ALS with high penetrance, frequent bulbar onset, and frequent cognitive decline. OBJECTIVE To expand the original characterization of this family and report the link with the C9orf72 repeat expansion (RE). METHODS We followed or reviewed the medical records of thirteen patients belonging to the original family and performed genetic analyses in four individuals. RESULTS Eight patients presented with ALS, four with FTD, and one with schizophrenia. The C9orf72 RE was found in three patients but not in the healthy survivor. Additionally, we found a novel possible pathogenic variant in the ITM2B gene in one patient with a complex phenotype, associating movement disorders, psychiatric and cognitive features, deafness, and optic atrophy. The neuropathological examination of this patient did not show the classical features of ITM2B mutation related dementias suggesting that the putative pathogenic mechanism does not involve cellular mislocalization of the protein or the formation of amyloid plaques. CONCLUSION We showed that the original Italian pedigree described with FTD/ALS carries the C9orf72 RE. Moreover, the finding of an additional mutation in another dementia causing gene in a patient with a more complex phenotype suggests a possible role of genetic modifiers in the disease. Together with other reports showing the coexistence of mutations in multiple ALS/FTD causative genes in the same family, our study supports an oligogenic etiology of ALS/FTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Bartoletti-Stella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del farmaco e Salute del bambino, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Piras
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Federico Oppi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ambrosetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Pasquale Montagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Rocco Liguori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Parchi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabina Capellari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tsai RM, Bejanin A, Lesman-Segev O, LaJoie R, Visani A, Bourakova V, O’Neil JP, Janabi M, Baker S, Lee SE, Perry DC, Bajorek L, Karydas A, Spina S, Grinberg LT, Seeley WW, Ramos EM, Coppola G, Gorno-Tempini ML, Miller BL, Rosen HJ, Jagust W, Boxer AL, Rabinovici GD. 18F-flortaucipir (AV-1451) tau PET in frontotemporal dementia syndromes. Alzheimers Res Ther 2019; 11:13. [PMID: 30704514 PMCID: PMC6357510 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tau positron emission tomography (PET) ligand 18F-flortaucipir binds to paired helical filaments of tau in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its utility in detecting tau aggregates in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is uncertain. METHODS We performed 18F-flortaucipir imaging in patients with the FTD syndromes (n = 45): nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) (n = 11), corticobasal syndrome (CBS) (n = 10), behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) (n = 10), semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) (n = 2) and FTD associated pathogenic genetic mutations microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) (n = 6), chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) (n = 5), and progranulin (GRN) (n = 1). All patients underwent MRI and β-amyloid biomarker testing via 11C-PiB or cerebrospinal fluid. 18F-flortaucipir uptake in patients was compared to 53 β-amyloid negative normal controls using voxelwise and pre-specified region of interest approaches. RESULTS On qualitative assessment, patients with nfvPPA showed elevated 18F-flortacupir binding in the left greater than right inferior frontal gyrus. Patients with CBS showed elevated binding in frontal white matter, with higher cortical gray matter uptake in a subset of β-amyloid-positive patients. Five of ten patients with sporadic bvFTD demonstrated increased frontotemporal binding. MAPT mutation carriers had elevated 18F-flortaucipir retention primarily, but not exclusively, in mutations with Alzheimer's-like neurofibrillary tangles. However, tracer retention was also seen in patients with svPPA, and the mutations C9ORF72, GRN predicted to have TDP-43 pathology. Quantitative region-of-interest differences between patients and controls were seen only in inferior frontal gyrus in nfvPPA and left insula and bilateral temporal poles in MAPT carriers. No significant regional differences were found in CBS or sporadic bvFTD. Two patients underwent postmortem neuropathological examination. A patient with C9ORF72, TDP-43-type B pathology, and incidental co-pathology of scattered neurofibrillary tangles in the middle frontal, inferior temporal gyrus showed corresponding mild 18F-flortaucipir retention without additional uptake matching the widespread TDP-43 type B pathology. A patient with sporadic bvFTD demonstrated punctate inferior temporal and hippocampus tracer retention, corresponding to the area of severe argyrophilic grain disease pathology. CONCLUSIONS 18F-flortaucipir in patients with FTD and predicted tauopathy or TDP-43 pathology demonstrated limited sensitivity and specificity. Further postmortem pathological confirmation and development of FTD tau-specific ligands are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Tsai
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Alexandre Bejanin
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Orit Lesman-Segev
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Renaud LaJoie
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Adrienne Visani
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Viktoriya Bourakova
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - James P. O’Neil
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA
| | - Mustafa Janabi
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA
| | - Suzanne Baker
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA
| | - Suzee E. Lee
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - David C. Perry
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Lynn Bajorek
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Lea T. Grinberg
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - William W. Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Eliana M. Ramos
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Howard J. Rosen
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - William Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA
| | - Adam L. Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Gil D. Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California at San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, Suite 190, San Francisco, CA USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vatsavayai SC, Nana AL, Yokoyama JS, Seeley WW. C9orf72-FTD/ALS pathogenesis: evidence from human neuropathological studies. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:1-26. [PMID: 30368547 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
What are the most important and treatable pathogenic mechanisms in C9orf72-FTD/ALS? Model-based efforts to address this question are forging ahead at a blistering pace, often with conflicting results. But what does the human neuropathological literature reveal? Here, we provide a critical review of the human studies to date, seeking to highlight key gaps or uncertainties in our knowledge. First, we engage the C9orf72-specific mechanisms, including C9orf72 haploinsufficiency, repeat RNA foci, and dipeptide repeat protein inclusions. We then turn to some of the most prominent C9orf72-associated features, such as TDP-43 loss-of-function, TDP-43 aggregation, and nuclear transport defects. Finally, we review potential disease-modifying epigenetic and genetic factors and the natural history of the disease across the lifespan. Throughout, we emphasize the importance of anatomical precision when studying how candidate mechanisms relate to neuronal, regional, and behavioral findings. We further highlight methodological approaches that may help address lingering knowledge gaps and uncertainties, as well as other logical next steps for the field. We conclude that anatomically oriented human neuropathological studies have a critical role to play in guiding this fast-moving field toward effective new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarat C Vatsavayai
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Alissa L Nana
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, Box 1207, San Francisco, CA, 94143-1207, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second commonest cause of young onset dementia. Our understanding of FTD and its related syndromes has advanced significantly in recent years. Among the most prominent areas of progress is the overlap between FTD, MND, and other neurodegenerative conditions at a clinicopathologic and genetic level. In parallel major advances in neuroimaging techniques, the discovery of new genetic mutations as well as the development of potential biomarkers may serve to further expand knowledge of the biologic processes at play in FTD and may in turn propel research toward identifying curative and preventative pharmacologic therapies. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the clinical, pathologic, and genetic complexities of FTD and related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Devenney
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebekah M Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bourinaris T, Houlden H. C9orf72 and its Relevance in Parkinsonism and Movement Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2018; 5:575-585. [PMID: 30637277 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansion is one of the latest discovered repeat expansion disorders related to neurodegeneration. Its association with the FTD/ALS spectrum disorders is well established, and it is considered to be one of the leading related genes. It has also been reported as a possible cause of several other phenotypes, including parkinsonism and other movement disorders. Its significance, though outside the FTD/ALS spectrum, is not well defined. Methods A comprehensive search of the literature was performed. All relevant papers, including reviews and case series/reports on movement disorder phenotypes reported with the C9orf72 repeat expansion, were reviewed. Data on frequency, natural history, phenotype, genetics, and possible underlying mechanisms were assessed. Results and Discussion In a number of studies, C9orf72 accounts for a small fraction of typical PD. Atypical parkinsonian syndromes, including CBS, PSP, and MSA have also been reported. Features that increase the probability of positive testing include early cognitive and/or behavioral symptoms, positive family history of ALS or FTD, and the presence of UMN and LMN signs. Furthermore, several studies conclude that C9orf72 is the most common cause of HD-phenocopies. Interestingly, many cases with the parkinsonian phenotype that bear an intermediate range of repeats are also reported, questioning the direct causal role of C9orf72 and suggesting the possibility of being a susceptibility factor, while the presence of the expansion in normal controls questions its clinical significance. Finally, studies on pathology reveal a distinctive broad range of C9orf72-related neurodegeneration that could explain the wide phenotypic variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bourinaris
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience Institute of Neurology, University College London London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience Institute of Neurology, University College London London, WC1N 3BG UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ishaque A, Mah D, Seres P, Luk C, Eurich D, Johnston W, Yang YH, Kalra S. Evaluating the cerebral correlates of survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 5:1350-1361. [PMID: 30480029 PMCID: PMC6243384 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate cerebral degenerative changes in ALS and their correlates with survival using 3D texture analysis. Methods A total of 157 participants were included in this analysis from four neuroimaging studies. Voxel-wise texture analysis on T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs) was conducted between patients and controls. Patients were divided into long- and short-survivors using the median survival of the cohort. Neuroanatomical differences between the two survival groups were also investigated. Results Whole-brain analysis revealed significant changes in image texture (FDR P < 0.05) bilaterally in the motor cortex, corticospinal tract (CST), insula, basal ganglia, hippocampus, and frontal regions including subcortical white matter. The texture of the CST correlated (P < 0.05) with finger- and foot-tapping rate, measures of upper motor neuron function. Patients with a survival below the media of 19.5 months demonstrated texture change (FDR P < 0.05) in the motor cortex, CST, basal ganglia, and the hippocampus, a distribution which corresponds to stage 4 of the distribution TDP-43 pathology in ALS. Patients with longer survival exhibited texture changes restricted to motor regions, including the motor cortex and the CST. Interpretation Widespread gray and white matter pathology is evident in ALS, as revealed by texture analysis of conventional T1-weighted MRI. Length of survival in patients with ALS is associated with the spatial extent of cerebral degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Ishaque
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Canada
| | - Dennell Mah
- Division of Neurology Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Canada
| | - Peter Seres
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Canada
| | - Collin Luk
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Canada
| | - Dean Eurich
- School of Public Health University of Alberta Edmonton Canada
| | - Wendy Johnston
- Division of Neurology Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Canada
| | - Yee-Hong Yang
- Department of Computing Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Canada
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Canada.,Division of Neurology Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Canada.,Department of Computing Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Paré B, Lehmann M, Beaudin M, Nordström U, Saikali S, Julien JP, Gilthorpe JD, Marklund SL, Cashman NR, Andersen PM, Forsberg K, Dupré N, Gould P, Brännström T, Gros-Louis F. Misfolded SOD1 pathology in sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14223. [PMID: 30242181 PMCID: PMC6155098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is a pathological hallmark of a subset of familial ALS patients. However, the possible role of misfolded wild type SOD1 in human ALS is highly debated. To ascertain whether or not misfolded SOD1 is a common pathological feature in non-SOD1 ALS, we performed a blinded histological and biochemical analysis of post mortem brain and spinal cord tissues from 19 sporadic ALS, compared with a SOD1 A4V patient as well as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and non-neurological controls. Multiple conformation- or misfolded-specific antibodies for human SOD1 were compared. These were generated independently by different research groups and were compared using standardized conditions. Five different misSOD1 staining patterns were found consistently in tissue sections from SALS cases and the SOD1 A4V patient, but were essentially absent in AD and non-neurological controls. We have established clear experimental protocols and provide specific guidelines for working, with conformational/misfolded SOD1-specific antibodies. Adherence to these guidelines will aid in the comparison of the results of future studies and better interpretation of staining patterns. This blinded, standardized and unbiased approach provides further support for a possible pathological role of misSOD1 in SALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Paré
- Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center - Enfant-Jésus Hospital, Québec, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Manuela Lehmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marie Beaudin
- Neuroscience Division of the CHU de Québec and Department of Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ulrika Nordström
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stephan Saikali
- Department of Medical Biology, Division of Anatomic Pathology and Neuropathology, CHU de Québec, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Julien
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche CERVO, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Gilthorpe
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan L Marklund
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Neil R Cashman
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Brain Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Forsberg
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Neuroscience Division of the CHU de Québec and Department of Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Gould
- Department of Medical Biology, Division of Anatomic Pathology and Neuropathology, CHU de Québec, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Brännström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - François Gros-Louis
- Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Center - Enfant-Jésus Hospital, Québec, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gendron TF, Petrucelli L. Disease Mechanisms of C9ORF72 Repeat Expansions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a024224. [PMID: 28130314 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a024224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
G4C2 repeat expansions within the C9ORF72 gene are the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). These bidirectionally transcribed expansions lead to (1) the accumulation of sense G4C2 and antisense G2C4 repeat-containing RNA, (2) the production of proteins of repeating dipeptides through unconventional translation of these transcripts, and (3) decreased C9ORF72 mRNA and protein expression. Consequently, there is ample opportunity for the C9ORF72 mutation to give rise to a spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from muscle weakness and atrophy to changes in behavior and cognition. It is thus somewhat surprising that investigations of these three seemingly disparate events often converge on similar putative pathological mechanisms. This review aims to summarize the findings and questions emerging from the field's quest to decipher how C9ORF72 repeat expansions cause the devastating diseases collectively referred to as "c9ALS/FTD."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania F Gendron
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Repeat expansions in the promoter region of C9orf72 are the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and related disorders of the ALS/frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) spectrum. Remarkable clinical heterogeneity among patients with a repeat expansion has been observed, and genetic anticipation over different generations has been suggested. Genetic factors modifying the clinical phenotype have been proposed, including genetic variation in other known disease genes, the genomic context of the C9orf72 repeat, and expanded repeat size, which has been estimated between 45 and several thousand units. The role of variability in normal and expanded repeat sizes for disease risk and clinical phenotype is under debate. Different pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed, including loss of function, RNA toxicity, and dipeptide repeat (DPR) protein toxicity resulting from abnormal translation of the expanded repeat, but the major mechanism is yet unclear.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive changes in behavior, personality, and language with involvement of the frontal and temporal regions of the brain. About 40% of FTD cases have a positive family history, and about 10% of these cases are inherited in an autosomal-dominant pattern. These gene defects present with distinct clinical phenotypes. As the diagnosis of FTD becomes more recognizable, it will become increasingly important to keep these gene mutations in mind. In this chapter, we review the genes with known associations to FTD. We discuss protein functions, mutation frequencies, clinical phenotypes, imaging characteristics, and pathology associated with these genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Deleon
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
High frequency of C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients from two founder populations sharing the same risk haplotype. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 64:160.e1-160.e7. [PMID: 29352617 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We characterized the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion (RE) mutation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients of 2 distinct origins, Ashkenazi and North Africa Jews (AJ, NAJ), its frequency, and genotype-phenotype correlations. In AJ, 80% of familial ALS (fALS) and 11% of sporadic ALS carried the RE, a total of 12.9% of all AJ-ALS compared to 0.3% in AJ controls (odds ratio [OR] = 44.3, p < 0.0001). In NAJ, 10% of fALS and 9% of sporadic ALS carried the RE, a total of 9.1% of all NAJ-ALS compared to 1% in controls (OR = 9.9, p = 0.0006). We identified a risk haplotype shared among all ALS patients, although an association with age at disease onset, fALS, and dementia were observed only in AJ. Variations were identified downstream the repeats. The risk haplotype and these polymorphisms were at high frequencies in alleles with 8 repeats or more, suggesting sequence instability. The different genotype-phenotype correlations and OR, together with the large range in age at onset, suggest that other modifiers and risk factors may affect penetrance and phenotype in ALS.
Collapse
|
37
|
Hirsch-Reinshagen V, Pottier C, Nicholson AM, Baker M, Hsiung GYR, Krieger C, Sengdy P, Boylan KB, Dickson DW, Mesulam M, Weintraub S, Bigio E, Zinman L, Keith J, Rogaeva E, Zivkovic SA, Lacomis D, Taylor JP, Rademakers R, Mackenzie IRA. Clinical and neuropathological features of ALS/FTD with TIA1 mutations. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:96. [PMID: 29216908 PMCID: PMC5719900 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the stress granule protein T-cell restricted intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1) were recently shown to cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with or without frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here, we provide detailed clinical and neuropathological descriptions of nine cases with TIA1 mutations, together with comparisons to sporadic ALS (sALS) and ALS due to repeat expansions in C9orf72 (C9orf72+). All nine patients with confirmed mutations in TIA1 were female. The clinical phenotype was heterogeneous with a range in the age at onset from late twenties to the eighth decade (mean = 60 years) and disease duration from one to 6 years (mean = 3 years). Initial presentation was either focal weakness or language impairment. All affected individuals received a final diagnosis of ALS with or without FTD. No psychosis or parkinsonism was described. Neuropathological examination on five patients found typical features of ALS and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP, type B) with anatomically widespread TDP-43 proteinopathy. In contrast to C9orf72+ cases, caudate atrophy and hippocampal sclerosis were not prominent. Detailed evaluation of the pyramidal motor system found a similar degree of neurodegeneration and TDP-43 pathology as in sALS and C9orf72+ cases; however, cases with TIA1 mutations had increased numbers of lower motor neurons containing round eosinophilic and Lewy body-like inclusions on HE stain and round compact cytoplasmic inclusions with TDP-43 immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence failed to demonstrate any labeling of inclusions with antibodies against TIA1. In summary, our TIA1 mutation carriers developed ALS with or without FTD, with a wide range in age at onset, but without other neurological or psychiatric features. The neuropathology was characterized by widespread TDP-43 pathology, but a more restricted pattern of neurodegeneration than C9orf72+ cases. Increased numbers of round eosinophilic and Lewy-body like inclusions in lower motor neurons may be a distinctive feature of ALS caused by TIA1 mutations.
Collapse
|
38
|
Grad LI, Rouleau GA, Ravits J, Cashman NR. Clinical Spectrum of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a024117. [PMID: 28003278 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a024117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is primarily characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons, although there is marked phenotypic heterogeneity between cases. Typical, or "classical," ALS is associated with simultaneous upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN) involvement at disease onset, whereas atypical forms, such as primary lateral sclerosis and progressive muscular atrophy, have early and predominant involvement in the UMN and LMN, respectively. The varying phenotypes can be so distinctive that they would seem to have differing biology. Because the same phenotypes can have multiple causes, including different gene mutations, there may be multiple molecular mechanisms causing ALS, implying that the disease is a syndrome. Conversely, multiple phenotypes can be caused by a single gene mutation; thus, a single molecular mechanism could be compatible with clinical heterogeneity. The pathogenic mechanism(s) in ALS remain unknown, but active propagation of the pathology neuroanatomically is likely a primary component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie I Grad
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - John Ravits
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Neil R Cashman
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2B5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang MD, Little J, Gomes J, Cashman NR, Krewski D. Identification of risk factors associated with onset and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurotoxicology 2017; 61:101-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
40
|
Van Mossevelde S, van der Zee J, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C. Relationship between C9orf72 repeat size and clinical phenotype. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2017; 44:117-124. [PMID: 28319737 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patient carriers of a C9orf72 repeat expansion exhibit remarkable heterogeneous clinical and pathological characteristics suggesting the presence of modifying factors. In accordance with other repeat expansion diseases, repeat length is the prime candidate as a genetic modifier. Observations of earlier onset ages in younger generations of large families suggested a mechanism of disease anticipation. Yet, studies of repeat size and onset age have led to conflicting results. Also, the correlation between repeat size and diagnosis is poorly understood. We review what has been published regarding C9orf72 repeat size as modifier for phenotypic characteristics. Conclusive evidence is lacking, partly due to the difficulties in accurately defining the exact repeat size and the presence of repeat variability due to somatic mosaicism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Van Mossevelde
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp Hoge Beuken, Commandant Weynsstraat 165, 2660 Hoboken, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Cruts
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Pathogenesis Converges on Defects in Protein Homeostasis Associated with TDP-43 Mislocalization and Proteasome-Mediated Degradation Overload. Curr Top Dev Biol 2017; 121:111-171. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
42
|
Sabatelli M, Marangi G, Conte A, Tasca G, Zollino M, Lattante S. New ALS-Related Genes Expand the Spectrum Paradigm of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Brain Pathol 2016; 26:266-75. [PMID: 26780671 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Clinical heterogeneity is a well-recognized feature of the disease as age of onset, site of onset and the duration of the disease can vary greatly among patients. A number of genes have been identified and associated to familial and sporadic forms of ALS but the majority of cases remains still unexplained. Recent breakthrough discoveries have demonstrated that clinical manifestations associated with ALS-related genes are not circumscribed to motor neurons involvement. In this view, ALS appears to be linked to different conditions over a continuum or spectrum in which overlapping phenotypes may be identified. In this review, we aim to examine the increasing number of spectra, including ALS/Frontotemporal Dementia and ALS/Myopathies spectra. Considering all these neurodegenerative disorders as different phenotypes of the same spectrum can help to identify common pathological pathways and consequently new therapeutic targets in these incurable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sabatelli
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Clinic Center NEMO-Roma. Institute of Neurology
| | - Giuseppe Marangi
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Amelia Conte
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Clinic Center NEMO-Roma. Institute of Neurology
| | | | - Marcella Zollino
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Lattante
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chadi G, Maximino JR, Jorge FMDH, Borba FCD, Gilio JM, Callegaro D, Lopes CG, Santos SND, Rebelo GNS. Genetic analysis of patients with familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a Brazilian Research Center. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2016; 18:249-255. [DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2016.1254245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Chadi
- Neuroregeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Ruivo Maximino
- Neuroregeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Castro de Borba
- Neuroregeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joyce Meire Gilio
- Neuroregeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dagoberto Callegaro
- Neuroregeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Galvão Lopes
- Neuroregeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samantha Nakamura Dos Santos
- Neuroregeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kotni MK, Zhao M, Wei DQ. Gene expression profiles and protein-protein interaction networks in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with C9orf72 mutation. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:148. [PMID: 27814735 PMCID: PMC5097384 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that involves the death of neurons. ALS is associated with many gene mutations as previously studied. In order to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying ALS with C9orf72 mutation, gene expression profiles of ALS fibroblasts and control fibroblasts were subjected to bioinformatics analysis. Genes with critical functional roles can be detected by a measure of node centrality in biological networks. In gene co-expression networks, highly connected genes called as candidate hubs have been associated with key disease-related pathways. Herein, this method was applied to find the hub genes related to ALS disease. METHODS Illumina HiSeq microarray gene expression dataset GSE51684 was retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database which included four Sporadic ALS, twelve Familial ALS and eight control samples. Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) were identified using the Student's t test statistical method and gene co-expression networking. Gene ontology (GO) function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs were performed using the DAVID online tool. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed by mapping the DEGs onto protein-protein interaction data from publicly available databases to identify the pathways where DEGs are involved in. PPI interaction network was divided into subnetworks using MCODE algorithm and was analyzed using Cytoscape. RESULTS The results revealed that the expression of DEGs was mainly involved in cell adhesion, cell-cell signaling, Extra cellular matrix region GO processes and focal adhesion, neuroactive ligand receptor interaction, Extracellular matrix receptor interaction. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), Endothelin 1 (EDN1), Angiotensin (AGT) and many cell adhesion molecules (CAM) were detected as hub genes that can be targeted as novel therapeutic targets for ALS disease. CONCLUSION These analyses and findings enhance the understanding of ALS pathogenesis and provide references for ALS therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meena Kumari Kotni
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Mingzhu Zhao
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240 China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kumar V, kashav T, Islam A, Ahmad F, Hassan MI. Structural insight into C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions: Towards new therapeutic targets in FTD-ALS. Neurochem Int 2016; 100:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
46
|
Schipper LJ, Raaphorst J, Aronica E, Baas F, de Haan R, de Visser M, Troost D. Prevalence of brain and spinal cord inclusions, including dipeptide repeat proteins, in patients with the C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion: a systematic neuropathological review. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2016; 42:547-60. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. J. Schipper
- Department of Neurology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - J. Raaphorst
- Department of Neurology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - E. Aronica
- Department of Neuropathology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - F. Baas
- Department of Genome Analysis; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - R. de Haan
- Clinical Research Unit; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - M. de Visser
- Department of Neurology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - D. Troost
- Department of Neuropathology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Umoh ME, Fournier C, Li Y, Polak M, Shaw L, Landers JE, Hu W, Gearing M, Glass JD. Comparative analysis of C9orf72 and sporadic disease in an ALS clinic population. Neurology 2016; 87:1024-30. [PMID: 27488601 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated whether the C9orf72 expansion mutation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is associated with unique demographic and clinical features. METHODS Between 2001 and 2015, approximately half of all patients attending the Emory ALS Clinic agreed to donate DNA for research. This research cohort of 781 patients was screened for the C9orf72 expansion, and demographic and clinical data were compared between those with and without the C9orf72 mutation. For mutation carriers without a family history of ALS, we sought further family history of dementia and other non-ALS neurodegenerative diseases in first-degree relatives. RESULTS The C9orf72 expansion was identified in 61 patients (7.8%). Compared to those without the expansion mutation, these patients did not differ in race, age, or site of onset. As expected, C9orf72 patients were more likely to have a family history of ALS (59% vs 7.9%) and to present with comorbid frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (14.8% vs 1.7%). Survival was shorter in patients with the expansion (log-rank χ(2)[1] = 45.323, p < 0.001). Further investigation in 28 patients initially categorized as having no known family history of ALS identified a family history of dementia in 16 cases; 6 of these had characteristics suggestive of FTD. CONCLUSIONS Comparing the C9orf72 ALS population to the general ALS population, there were no differences in race, age at onset, or proportion of patients with bulbar onset disease. Differences identified in patients with the C9orf72 mutation included shortened survival and an equal proportion of men and women. In addition, we found that assessing family history for dementia may identify other family members likely to be carrying the C9orf72 expansion, reduce the number of sporadic cases, and thus increase our understanding of disease penetrance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mfon E Umoh
- From the Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (M.E.U., W.H., M.G., J.D.G.), Department of Neurology (M.E.U., C.F., Y.L., M.P., L.S., W.H., M.G., J.D.G.), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.G., J.D.G.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and the Department of Neurology (J.E.L.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Christina Fournier
- From the Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (M.E.U., W.H., M.G., J.D.G.), Department of Neurology (M.E.U., C.F., Y.L., M.P., L.S., W.H., M.G., J.D.G.), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.G., J.D.G.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and the Department of Neurology (J.E.L.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Yingjie Li
- From the Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (M.E.U., W.H., M.G., J.D.G.), Department of Neurology (M.E.U., C.F., Y.L., M.P., L.S., W.H., M.G., J.D.G.), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.G., J.D.G.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and the Department of Neurology (J.E.L.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Meraida Polak
- From the Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (M.E.U., W.H., M.G., J.D.G.), Department of Neurology (M.E.U., C.F., Y.L., M.P., L.S., W.H., M.G., J.D.G.), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.G., J.D.G.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and the Department of Neurology (J.E.L.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Latoya Shaw
- From the Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (M.E.U., W.H., M.G., J.D.G.), Department of Neurology (M.E.U., C.F., Y.L., M.P., L.S., W.H., M.G., J.D.G.), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.G., J.D.G.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and the Department of Neurology (J.E.L.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - John E Landers
- From the Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (M.E.U., W.H., M.G., J.D.G.), Department of Neurology (M.E.U., C.F., Y.L., M.P., L.S., W.H., M.G., J.D.G.), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.G., J.D.G.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and the Department of Neurology (J.E.L.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - William Hu
- From the Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (M.E.U., W.H., M.G., J.D.G.), Department of Neurology (M.E.U., C.F., Y.L., M.P., L.S., W.H., M.G., J.D.G.), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.G., J.D.G.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and the Department of Neurology (J.E.L.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Marla Gearing
- From the Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (M.E.U., W.H., M.G., J.D.G.), Department of Neurology (M.E.U., C.F., Y.L., M.P., L.S., W.H., M.G., J.D.G.), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.G., J.D.G.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and the Department of Neurology (J.E.L.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Jonathan D Glass
- From the Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (M.E.U., W.H., M.G., J.D.G.), Department of Neurology (M.E.U., C.F., Y.L., M.P., L.S., W.H., M.G., J.D.G.), and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.G., J.D.G.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; and the Department of Neurology (J.E.L.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ferguson R, Serafeimidou-Pouliou E, Subramanian V. Dynamic expression of the mouse orthologue of the human amyotropic lateral sclerosis associated gene C9orf72 during central nervous system development and neuronal differentiation. J Anat 2016; 229:871-891. [PMID: 27476503 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hexanucleotide repeat in the first intron of the C9orf72 gene is the most significant cause of amyotropic lateral sclerosis as well as some forms of fronto-temporal dementia. The C9orf72 protein has been previously reported to be expressed in post-mortem human brain as well as in late embryonic and some postnatal stages in mice. Herein, we present a detailed study of the distribution of C9orf72 protein in the embryonic, postnatal and adult mouse brain, spinal cord as well as during the differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells to neurons including motor neurons. We show that the expression levels of the C9orf72 transcripts in the developing and adult mouse brain as well as in differentiating neurons, are dynamic. Besides the strong expression in the cerebellum and motor cortex reported previously, we show for the first time that C9orf72 is expressed strongly in the olfactory bulb and also in the hippocampus. Our immunostaining data also reveal a hitherto unreported switch in the cellular distribution of C9orf72 from a predominantly cytoplasmic to a nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution during corticogenesis. This switch in distribution was also observed during differentiation of the pluripotent embryonal carcinoma P19 cell line to mature neurons. Our findings have implications for interpreting the pathophysiology caused by the repeat expansions in C9orf72 in mouse models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross Ferguson
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK
| | | | - Vasanta Subramanian
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
The C9orf72 repeat size correlates with onset age of disease, DNA methylation and transcriptional downregulation of the promoter. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1112-24. [PMID: 26481318 PMCID: PMC4960451 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pathological expansion of a G4C2 repeat, located in the 5' regulatory region of C9orf72, is the most common genetic cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). C9orf72 patients have highly variable onset ages suggesting the presence of modifying factors and/or anticipation. We studied 72 Belgian index patients with FTLD, FTLD-ALS or ALS and 61 relatives with a C9orf72 repeat expansion. We assessed the effect of G4C2 expansion size on onset age, the role of anticipation and the effect of repeat size on methylation and C9orf72 promoter activity. G4C2 expansion sizes varied in blood between 45 and over 2100 repeat units with short expansions (45-78 units) present in 5.6% of 72 index patients with an expansion. Short expansions co-segregated with disease in two families. The subject with a short expansion in blood but an indication of mosaicism in brain showed the same pathology as those with a long expansion. Further, we provided evidence for an association of G4C2 expansion size with onset age (P<0.05) most likely explained by an association of methylation state of the 5' flanking CpG island and expansion size in blood (P<0.0001) and brain (P<0.05). In several informative C9orf72 parent-child transmissions, we identified earlier onset ages, increasing expansion sizes and/or increasing methylation states (P=0.0034) of the 5' CpG island, reminiscent of disease anticipation. Also, intermediate repeats (7-24 units) showed a slightly higher methylation degree (P<0.0001) and a decrease of C9orf72 promoter activity (P<0.0001) compared with normal short repeats (2-6 units). Decrease of transcriptional activity was even more prominent in the presence of small deletions flanking G4C2 (P<0.0001). Here we showed that increased methylation of CpGs in the C9orf72 promoter may explain how an increasing G4C2 size lead to loss-of-function without excluding repeat length-dependent toxic gain-of-function. These data provide insights into disease mechanisms and have important implications for diagnostic counseling and potential therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
50
|
De Marco G, Lomartire A, Calvo A, Risso A, De Luca E, Mostert M, Mandrioli J, Caponnetto C, Borghero G, Manera U, Canosa A, Moglia C, Restagno G, Fini N, Tarella C, Giordana MT, Rinaudo MT, Chiò A. Monocytes of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis linked to gene mutations display altered TDP-43 subcellular distribution. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2016; 43:133-153. [PMID: 27178390 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cytoplasmic accumulation of the nuclear protein transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is an early determinant of motor neuron degeneration in most amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases. We previously disclosed this accumulation in circulating lymphomonocytes (CLM) of ALS patients with mutant TARDBP, the TDP-43-coding gene, as well as of a healthy individual carrying the parental TARDBP mutation. Here, we investigate TDP-43 subcellular localization in CLM and in the constituent cells, lymphocytes and monocytes, of patients with various ALS-linked mutant genes. METHODS TDP-43 subcellular localization was analysed with western immunoblotting and immunocytofluorescence in CLM of healthy controls (n = 10), patients with mutant TARDBP (n = 4, 1 homozygous), valosin-containing protein (VCP; n = 2), fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma (FUS; n = 2), Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1; n = 6), chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72; n = 4), without mutations (n = 5) and neurologically unaffected subjects with mutant TARDBP (n = 2). RESULTS TDP-43 cytoplasmic accumulation was found (P < 0.05 vs. controls) in CLM of patients with mutant TARDBP or VCP, but not FUS, in line with TDP-43 subcellular localization described for motor neurons of corresponding groups. Accumulation also characterized CLM of the healthy individuals with mutant TARDBP and of some patients with mutant SOD1 or C9ORF72. In 5 patients, belonging to categories described to carry TDP-43 mislocalization in motor neurons (3 C9ORF72, 1 TARDBP and 1 without mutations), TDP-43 cytoplasmic accumulation was not detected in CLM or in lymphocytes but was in monocytes. CONCLUSIONS In ALS forms characterized by TDP-43 mislocalization in motor neurons, monocytes display this alteration, even when not manifest in CLM. Monocytes may be used to support diagnosis, as well as to identify subjects at risk, of ALS and to develop/monitor targeted treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G De Marco
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A Lomartire
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A Calvo
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,ALS Center, University of Turin and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - A Risso
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - E De Luca
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Mostert
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - J Mandrioli
- Department of Neuroscience, Sant'Agostino Estense Hospital, University of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - C Caponnetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Rehabilitation and Child Health, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Borghero
- Department of Neurology, AOU and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - U Manera
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,ALS Center, University of Turin and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - A Canosa
- ALS Center, University of Turin and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Rehabilitation and Child Health, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - C Moglia
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,ALS Center, University of Turin and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - G Restagno
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - N Fini
- Department of Neuroscience, Sant'Agostino Estense Hospital, University of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - C Tarella
- Clinical Hemato-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - M T Giordana
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M T Rinaudo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A Chiò
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,ALS Center, University of Turin and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|