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Griese M, Kurland G, Cidon M, Deterding RR, Epaud R, Nathan N, Schwerk N, Warburton D, Weinman JP, Young LR, Deutsch GH. Pulmonary fibrosis may begin in infancy: from childhood to adult interstitial lung disease. Thorax 2024:thorax-2024-221772. [PMID: 39153860 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2024-221772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) encompasses a group of rare heterogeneous respiratory conditions associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Reports suggest that many patients diagnosed with chILD continue to have potentially progressive or fibrosing disease into adulthood. Over the last decade, the spectrum of conditions within chILD has widened substantially, with the discovery of novel entities through advanced genetic testing. However, most evidence is often limited to small case series, with reports disseminated across an array of subspecialty, clinical and molecular journals. In particular, the frequency, management and outcome of paediatric pulmonary fibrosis is not well characterised, unlike in adults, where clear diagnosis and treatment guidelines are available. METHODS AND RESULTS This review assesses the current understanding of pulmonary fibrosis in chILD. Based on registry data, we have provisionally estimated the occurrence of fibrosis in various manifestations of chILD, with 47 different potentially fibrotic chILD entities identified. Published evidence for fibrosis in the spectrum of chILD entities is assessed, and current and future issues in management of pulmonary fibrosis in childhood, continuing into adulthood, are considered. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for improved knowledge of chILD among pulmonologists to optimise the transition of care from paediatric to adult facilities. Updated evidence-based guidelines are needed that incorporate recommendations for the diagnosis and management of immune-mediated disorders, as well as chILD in older children approaching adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Griese
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Munich, LMU Hospital Department of Pediatrics at Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munchen, Germany
| | - Geoffrey Kurland
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michal Cidon
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robin R Deterding
- Section of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ralph Epaud
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil; Centre des Maladies Respiratoires Rares (RESPIRARE®); University Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - Nadia Nathan
- Paediatric Pulmonology Department and Reference Centre for Rare Lung Diseases RespiRare, Laboratory of Childhood Genetic Diseases, Inserm UMS_S933, Sorbonne Université and AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Nicolaus Schwerk
- Clinic for Paediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - David Warburton
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jason P Weinman
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lisa R Young
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gail H Deutsch
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital and University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Sczakiel HL, Zhao M, Wollert-Wulf B, Danyel M, Ehmke N, Stoltenburg C, Damseh N, Al-Ashhab M, Balci TB, Osmond M, Andrade A, Schallner J, Porrmann J, McDonald K, Liao M, Oppermann H, Platzer K, Dierksen N, Mojarrad M, Eslahi A, Bakaeean B, Calame DG, Lupski JR, Firoozfar Z, Seyedhassani SM, Mohammadi SA, Anwaar N, Rahman F, Seelow D, Janz M, Horn D, Maroofian R, Boschann F. Broadening the phenotypic and molecular spectrum of FINCA syndrome: Biallelic NHLRC2 variants in 15 novel individuals. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:905-917. [PMID: 37188825 PMCID: PMC10400545 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
FINCA syndrome [MIM: 618278] is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by fibrosis, neurodegeneration and cerebral angiomatosis. To date, 13 patients from nine families with biallelic NHLRC2 variants have been published. In all of them, the recurrent missense variant p.(Asp148Tyr) was detected on at least one allele. Common manifestations included lung or muscle fibrosis, respiratory distress, developmental delay, neuromuscular symptoms and seizures often followed by early death due to rapid disease progression.Here, we present 15 individuals from 12 families with an overlapping phenotype associated with nine novel NHLRC2 variants identified by exome analysis. All patients described here presented with moderate to severe global developmental delay and variable disease progression. Seizures, truncal hypotonia and movement disorders were frequently observed. Notably, we also present the first eight cases in which the recurrent p.(Asp148Tyr) variant was not detected in either homozygous or compound heterozygous state.We cloned and expressed all novel and most previously published non-truncating variants in HEK293-cells. From the results of these functional studies, we propose a potential genotype-phenotype correlation, with a greater reduction in protein expression being associated with a more severe phenotype.Taken together, our findings broaden the known phenotypic and molecular spectrum and emphasize that NHLRC2-related disease should be considered in patients presenting with intellectual disability, movement disorders, neuroregression and epilepsy with or without pulmonary involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike L Sczakiel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, RG Development & Disease, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Junior Clinician Scientist Program, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Zhao
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, RG Development & Disease, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brigitte Wollert-Wulf
- Biology of Malignant Lymphomas, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, 13125, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13125, Germany
- Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Magdalena Danyel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadja Ehmke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Corinna Stoltenburg
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum Neuropädiatrie, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadirah Damseh
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Al Makassed Hospital and Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Motee Al-Ashhab
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Al Makassed Hospital and Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Tugce B Balci
- Medical Genetics Program of Southwestern Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Osmond
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Andrade
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jens Schallner
- Department of Sozialpaediatrisches Zentrum, Klinik fuer Kinder und Jugendmedizin, Universitaetsklinikum Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joseph Porrmann
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Universitätsklinikum, Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kimberly McDonald
- Pediatric Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Henry Oppermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Majid Mojarrad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atieh Eslahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bakaeean
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daniel G Calame
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neurosciences, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | - Najwa Anwaar
- Department of Developmental - Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Child Health Sciences and The Children's Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Rahman
- Department of Developmental - Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Child Health Sciences and The Children's Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Dominik Seelow
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Bioinformatics and Translational Genetics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Janz
- Biology of Malignant Lymphomas, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, 13125, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13125, Germany
- Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Denise Horn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Felix Boschann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Tallgren A, Kager L, O’Grady G, Tuominen H, Körkkö J, Kuismin O, Feucht M, Wilson C, Behunova J, England E, Kurki MI, Palotie A, Hallman M, Kaarteenaho R, Laccone F, Boztug K, Hinttala R, Uusimaa J. Novel patients with NHLRC2 variants expand the phenotypic spectrum of FINCA disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1123327. [PMID: 37179546 PMCID: PMC10173879 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1123327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose FINCA disease (Fibrosis, Neurodegeneration and Cerebral Angiomatosis, OMIM 618278) is an infantile-onset neurodevelopmental and multiorgan disease. Since our initial report in 2018, additional patients have been described. FINCA is the first human disease caused by recessive variants in the highly conserved NHLRC2 gene. Our previous studies have shown that Nhlrc2-null mouse embryos die during gastrulation, indicating the essential role of the protein in embryonic development. Defect in NHLRC2 leads to cerebral neurodegeneration and severe pulmonary, hepatic and cardiac fibrosis. Despite having a structure suggestive of an enzymatic role and the clinical importance of NHLRC2 in multiple organs, the specific physiological role of the protein is unknown. Methods The clinical histories of five novel FINCA patients diagnosed with whole exome sequencing were reviewed. Segregation analysis of the biallelic, potentially pathogenic NHLRC2 variants was performed using Sanger sequencing. Studies on neuropathology and NHLRC2 expression in different brain regions were performed on autopsy samples of three previously described deceased FINCA patients. Results One patient was homozygous for the pathogenic variant c.442G > T, while the other four were compound heterozygous for this variant and two other pathogenic NHLRC2 gene variants. All five patients presented with multiorgan dysfunction with neurodevelopmental delay, recurrent infections and macrocytic anemia as key features. Interstitial lung disease was pronounced in infancy but often stabilized. Autopsy samples revealed widespread, albeit at a lower intensity than the control, NHLRC2 expression in the brain. Conclusion This report expands on the characteristic clinical features of FINCA disease. Presentation is typically in infancy, and although patients can live to late adulthood, the key clinical and histopathological features are fibrosis, infection susceptibility/immunodeficiency/intellectual disability, neurodevelopmental disorder/neurodegeneration and chronic anemia/cerebral angiomatosis (hence the acronym FINCA) that enable an early diagnosis confirmed by genetic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Tallgren
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leo Kager
- St. Anna Children’s Hospital, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Gina O’Grady
- Paediatric Neuroservices, Starship Children’s Health, Te Whatu Ora Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hannu Tuominen
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jarmo Körkkö
- Center for Intellectual Disability Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Outi Kuismin
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Martha Feucht
- Department of Paediatrics, Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Callum Wilson
- National Metabolic Service, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jana Behunova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eleina England
- Mendelian Genomics, Programme in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Mitja I. Kurki
- Programme in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Programme in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Hallman
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Center of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Franco Laccone
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kaan Boztug
- St. Anna Children’s Hospital, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reetta Hinttala
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Uusimaa
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Kreus M, Lehtonen S, Hinttala R, Salonen J, Porvari K, Kaarteenaho R. NHLRC2 expression is increased in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2022; 23:206. [PMID: 35964085 PMCID: PMC9375339 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variants of NHL repeat-containing protein 2 (NHLRC2) have been associated with severe fibrotic interstitial lung disease in early childhood and NHLRC2 has been listed as a differentially expressed gene between rapidly and slowly progressing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients. However, its cell type-specific localization in human lung tissue is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate NHLRC2 mRNA and protein expression in different cell types of lung tissue samples and to investigate the effect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 exposure on NHLRC2 expression in vitro. METHODS The NHLRC2 expression in lung tissue samples was studied by immunohistochemistry (50 IPF, 10 controls) and mRNA in situ hybridization (8 IPF, 3 controls). The immunohistochemical NHLRC2 expression was quantified with image analysis software and associated with the clinical and smoking data of the patients. NHLRC2 expression levels in primary stromal and small airway epithelial cell lines after exposure to TGF-β1 was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. RESULTS NHLRC2 expression was detected especially in bronchiolar epithelial cells, type II pneumocytes and macrophages in normal lung. In the lungs of IPF patients, NHLRC2 was mainly expressed in hyperplastic alveolar epithelial cells lining fibroblast foci and honeycombs. NHLRC2 expression assessed by image analysis was higher in IPF compared to controls (p < 0.001). Ever-smokers had more prominent NHLRC2 staining than non-smokers (p = 0.037) among IPF patients. TGF-β1 exposure did not influence NHLRC2 levels in lung cell lines. CONCLUSIONS NHLRC2 expression was higher in IPF compared to controls being widely expressed in type II pneumocytes, macrophages, bronchiolar epithelium, and hyperplastic alveolar epithelium. Additionally, its expression was not regulated by the exposure to TGF-β1 in vitro. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of NHLRC2 in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervi Kreus
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Center of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Siri Lehtonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Reetta Hinttala
- Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Salonen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katja Porvari
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Horvath B, Kloesel B. FINCA syndrome, a novel interstitial lung and multiorgan disease. Paediatr Anaesth 2022; 32:976-977. [PMID: 35557017 DOI: 10.1111/pan.14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balazs Horvath
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Benjamin Kloesel
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Complex Diagnostics of Non-Specific Intellectual Developmental Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147764. [PMID: 35887114 PMCID: PMC9323143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual development disorder (IDD) is characterized by a general deficit in intellectual and adaptive functioning. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying the genetic structure of IDD. Of particular difficulty are patients with non-specific IDD, for whom it is impossible to establish a clinical diagnosis without complex genetic diagnostics. We examined 198 patients with non-specific IDD from 171 families using whole-exome sequencing and chromosome microarray analysis. Hereditary forms of IDD account for at least 35.7% of non-specific IDD, of which 26.9% are monogenic forms. Variants in the genes associated with the BAF (SWI/SNF) complex were the most frequently identified. We were unable to identify phenotypic features that would allow differential diagnosis of monogenic and microstructural chromosomal rearrangements in non-specific IDD at the stage of clinical examination, but due to its higher efficiency, exome sequencing should be the diagnostic method of the highest priority study after the standard examination of patients with NIDD in Russia.
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Jiang G, Wang Y, He C, Zhao X, Liu L, Li L. Case report: novel mutations of NDUFS6 and NHLRC2 genes potentially cause the quick postnatal death of a Chinese Hani minority neonate with mitochondrial complex I deficiency and FINCA syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29239. [PMID: 35801790 PMCID: PMC9259100 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial complex I deficiency (MCID) and abbFINCA syndrome are lethal congenital diseases and cases in the neonatal period are rarely reported. Here, we identified a Chinese Hani minority neonate with rare MCID and FINCA syndrome. This study was to analyze the clinical manifestations and pathogenic gene variations, and to investigate causes of quick postnatal death of patient and possible molecular pathogenic mechanisms. PATIENT CONCERNS A 17-day-old patient had reduced muscle tension, diminished primitive reflexes, significantly abnormal blood gas analysis, and progressively increased blood lactate and blood glucose. Imaging studies revealed pneumonia, pulmonary hypertension, and brain abnormalities. DIAGNOSIS Whole-exome sequencing revealed that the NDUFS6 gene of the patient carried c. 344G > T (p.C115F) novel homozygous variation, and the NHLRC2 gene carried c. 1749C > G (p.F583L) and c. 2129C > T (p.T710M) novel compound heterozygous variation. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES The patient was given endotracheal intubation, respiratory support, high-frequency ventilation, antishock therapy, as well as iNO and Alprostadil to reduce pulmonary hypertension and maintain homeostatic equilibrium. However, the patient was critically ill and died in 27 days. CONCLUSION The patient has MCID due to a novel mutation in NDUFS6 and FINCA syndrome due to novel mutations in NHLRC2, which is the main reason for the rapid onset and quick death of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfang Li
- Department of Neonatology, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Disease Research, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Gengpan Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Disease Research, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Canlin He
- Department of Neonatology, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Li
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Disease Research, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Li Li, Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Disease Research, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China (e-mail: )
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8
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Yu G, Hao J, Pan X, Shi L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Fan H, Xiao Y, Yang F, Lou J, Chang W, Malnoë A, Li M. Structure of Arabidopsis SOQ1 lumenal region unveils C-terminal domain essential for negative regulation of photoprotective qH. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:840-855. [PMID: 35798975 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) plays an important role for phototrophs in decreasing photo-oxidative damage. qH is a sustained form of NPQ and depends on the plastid lipocalin (LCNP). A thylakoid membrane-anchored protein SUPPRESSOR OF QUENCHING1 (SOQ1) prevents qH formation by inhibiting LCNP. SOQ1 suppresses qH with its lumen-located thioredoxin (Trx)-like and NHL domains. Here we report structural data, genetic modification and biochemical characterization of Arabidopsis SOQ1 lumenal domains. Our results show that the Trx-like and NHL domains are associated together, with the cysteine motif located at their interface. Residue E859, required for SOQ1 function, is pivotal for maintaining the Trx-NHL association. Importantly, the C-terminal region of SOQ1 forms an independent β-stranded domain that has structural homology to the N-terminal domain of bacterial disulfide bond protein D and is essential for negative regulation of qH. Furthermore, SOQ1 is susceptible to cleavage at the loops connecting the neighbouring lumenal domains both in vitro and in vivo, which could be a regulatory process for its suppression function of qH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimei Yu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jingfang Hao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xiaowei Pan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Shi
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jifeng Wang
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hongcheng Fan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xiao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jizhong Lou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenrui Chang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Alizée Malnoë
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Mei Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.
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9
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Badura-Stronka M, Śmigiel R, Rutkowska K, Szymańska K, Hirschfeld AS, Monkiewicz M, Kosińska J, Wolańska E, Rydzanicz M, Latos-Bieleńska A, Płoski R. FINCA syndrome-Defining neurobehavioral phenotype in survivors into late childhood. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1899. [PMID: 35255187 PMCID: PMC9000936 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Badura-Stronka
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland
| | - Robert Śmigiel
- Division of Pediatrics and Rare Disorders, Department of Pediatrics, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Karolina Rutkowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Szymańska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Neuropathology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Michał Monkiewicz
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, The St. John Paul II HCP Medical Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Kosińska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wolańska
- Division of Pediatrics and Rare Disorders, Department of Pediatrics, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | | | - Anna Latos-Bieleńska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Hiltunen AE, Vuolteenaho R, Ronkainen VP, Miinalainen I, Uusimaa J, Lehtonen S, Hinttala R. Nhlrc2 is crucial during mouse gastrulation. Genesis 2022; 60:e23470. [PMID: 35258166 PMCID: PMC9286871 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The loss of NHL repeat containing 2 (Nhlrc2) leads to early embryonic lethality in mice, but the exact timing is currently unknown. In this study, we determined the time of lethality for Nhlrc2 knockout (KO), C57BL/6NCrl‐Nhlrc2tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi/Oulu, embryos and the in situ expression pattern of Nhlrc2 based on LacZ reporter gene expression during this period. Nhlrc2 KO preimplantation mouse embryos developed normally after in vitro fertilization. Embryonic stem (ES) cells established from KO blastocysts proliferated normally despite a complete loss of the NHLRC2 protein. Nhlrc2 KO embryos from timed matings implanted and were indistinguishable from their wildtype littermates on embryonic day (E) 6.5. On E7.5, Nhlrc2 KO embryo development was arrested, and on E8.5, only 6% of the genotyped embryos were homozygous for the Nhlrc2tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi allele. Nhlrc2 KO E8.5 embryos showed limited embryonic or extraembryonic tissue differentiation and remained at the cylinder stage. Nhlrc2 expression was ubiquitous but strongest in the epiblast/ectoderm and extraembryonic ectoderm on E6.5 and E7.5. NHLRC2 is essential for early postimplantation development, and its loss leads to failed gastrulation and amniotic folding in mice. Future studies on the evolutionarily conserved NHLRC2 will provide new insights into the molecular pathways involved in the early steps of postimplantation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina E Hiltunen
- Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Johanna Uusimaa
- Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Neurology Unit, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Siri Lehtonen
- Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Reetta Hinttala
- Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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11
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Advances in Cardiac Development and Regeneration Using Zebrafish as a Model System for High-Throughput Research. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9040040. [PMID: 34698193 PMCID: PMC8544412 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cardiac development and regeneration will improve diagnostic and therapeutic interventions against heart disease. In this direction, zebrafish is an excellent model because several processes of zebrafish heart development are largely conserved in humans, and zebrafish has several advantages as a model organism. Zebrafish transcriptomic profiles undergo alterations during different stages of cardiac development and regeneration which are revealed by RNA-sequencing. ChIP-sequencing has detected genome-wide occupancy of histone post-translational modifications that epigenetically regulate gene expression and identified a locus with enhancer-like characteristics. ATAC-sequencing has identified active enhancers in cardiac progenitor cells during early developmental stages which overlap with occupancy of histone modifications of active transcription as determined by ChIP-sequencing. CRISPR-mediated editing of the zebrafish genome shows how chromatin modifiers and DNA-binding proteins regulate heart development, in association with crucial signaling pathways. Hence, more studies in this direction are essential to improve human health because they answer fundamental questions on cardiac development and regeneration, their differences, and why zebrafish hearts regenerate upon injury, unlike humans. This review focuses on some of the latest studies using state-of-the-art technology enabled by the elegant yet simple zebrafish.
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12
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Knuutinen OA, Oikarainen JH, Suo-Palosaari MH, Kangas SM, Rahikkala EJ, Pokka TML, Moilanen JS, Hinttala RML, Vieira PM, Uusimaa JM. Epidemiological, clinical, and genetic characteristics of paediatric genetic white matter disorders in Northern Finland. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021; 63:1066-1074. [PMID: 33948933 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the epidemiological, clinical, and genetic characteristics of paediatric patients with genetic white matter disorders (GWMDs) in Northern Finland. METHOD A longitudinal population-based cohort study was conducted in the tertiary catchment area of Oulu University Hospital from 1990 to 2019. Patients were identified retrospectively by International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems codes in hospital records and prospectively by attending physicians. Inclusion criteria were children younger than 18 years with defined GWMDs or genetic disorders associated with white matter abnormalities (WMAs) on brain magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Eighty patients (mean age [SD] at the end of the study 11y [8y 6mo], range 0-35y; 45 males, 35 females) were diagnosed with a defined GWMD. The cumulative childhood incidence was 30 per 100 000 live births. Regarding those patients with 49 distinct GWMDs, 20% had classic leukodystrophies and 80% had genetic leukoencephalopathies. The most common leukodystrophies were cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy, Krabbe disease, and Salla disease. Additionally, 29 patients (36%) had genetic aetiologies not previously associated with brain WMAs or they had recently characterised GWMDs, including SAMD9L- and NHLRC2-related neurological disorders. Aetiology was mitochondrial in 21% of patients. The most common clinical findings were motor developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, and spasticity. INTERPRETATION The cumulative childhood incidence of childhood-onset GWMDs was higher than previously described. Comprehensive epidemiological and natural history data are needed before future clinical trials are undertaken. What this paper adds Forty-nine distinct genetic white matter disorders (GWMDs) were identified, with 20% of cases being classic leukodystrophies. The cumulative childhood incidence of GWMDs was higher than described previously. A considerable proportion (36%) of GWMDs were previously undefined or recently characterised GWMDs. Mitochondrial aetiology was more common (21%) than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oula A Knuutinen
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaakko H Oikarainen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maria H Suo-Palosaari
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Salla M Kangas
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elisa J Rahikkala
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tytti M-L Pokka
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jukka S Moilanen
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Reetta M L Hinttala
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Päivi M Vieira
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna M Uusimaa
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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13
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Rapp CK, Van Dijck I, Laugwitz L, Boon M, Briassoulis G, Ilia S, Kammer B, Reu S, Hornung S, Buchert R, Sofan L, Froukh T, Witters P, Rymen D, Haack TB, Proesmans M, Griese M. Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of FINCA (fibrosis, neurodegeneration, and cerebral angiomatosis) syndrome beyond infancy. Clin Genet 2021; 100:453-461. [PMID: 34165204 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis, neurodegeneration, and cerebral angiomatosis (FINCA, MIM#618278) is a rare clinical condition caused by bi-allelic variants in NHL repeat containing protein 2 (NHLRC2, MIM*618277). Pulmonary disease may be the presenting sign and the few patients reported so far, all deceased in early infancy. Exome sequencing was performed on patients with childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) and additional neurological features. The chILD-EU register database and an in-house database were searched for patients with NHLRC2 variants and clinical features overlapping FINCA syndrome. Six patients from three families were identified with bi-allelic variants in NHLRC2. Two of these children died before the age of two while four others survived until childhood. Interstitial lung disease was pronounced in almost all patients during infancy and stabilized over the course of the disease with neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) evolving as the key clinical finding. We expand the phenotype of FINCA syndrome to a multisystem disorder with variable severity. FINCA syndrome should also be considered in patients beyond infancy with NDD and a history of distinct interstitial lung disease. Managing patients in registers for rare diseases helps identifying new diagnostic entities and advancing care for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina K Rapp
- Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, University of Munich, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Ine Van Dijck
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Hospitals Leuven campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucia Laugwitz
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mieke Boon
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Hospitals Leuven campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - George Briassoulis
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Medical School, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Stavroula Ilia
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Medical School, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Birgit Kammer
- Department of Radiology, Pediatric Radiology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Reu
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hornung
- Consulting & Training, SH Mgt. Consulting & Training, Siegmund-Schacky-Straße 27, Munich, Germany
| | - Rebecca Buchert
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Linda Sofan
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tawfiq Froukh
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Peter Witters
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic disease, University Hospitals Leuven campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daisy Rymen
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic disease, University Hospitals Leuven campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marijke Proesmans
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Hospitals Leuven campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Griese
- Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, University of Munich, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
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14
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Li S, Lv H, Yu X. Analysis of Ultrasound Images of Superficial Organs Based on the Combination of Global Features and Local Features. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND HEALTH INFORMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2021.3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound imaging has become the preferred method for early detection of superficial organ lesions due to its non-invasive, economical, convenient, and radiation-free features. First, in the superficial organ ultrasound image analysis module based on local features, using Dense Sift
as the local feature descriptor, the similarity sequence of the local features of the input image and the images in the sample library is calculated by the BOW algorithm and sorted in descending order of similarity. Secondly, using the wavelet transform’s local feature information representation
capabilities in the time and frequency domains, the wavelet transform is performed on the small and identical feature information contained in the image to remove redundant information in each feature map to obtain a salient part of the image’s local features. Finally, through the analysis
of elastic ultrasound images, a quantitative index that can be used to evaluate ultrasound images of superficial organs is proposed, which has higher accuracy and reliability than the current clinical methods for evaluating ultrasound images of superficial organs. By analyzing the features
of superficial organ ultrasound images, it is proposed that the overall features of superficial organ ultrasound images are more conducive to distinguishing benign and malignant lesions than local features. Based on the initial localization of the lesion, the global features of the superficial
organ ultrasound image were combined with the local features of the B-ultrasound image, and the method of combining global features with local features was used to classify and achieved good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Li
- People’s Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010020, China
| | - Huicheng Lv
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010050, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- People’s Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010020, China
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15
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Hiltunen AE, Kangas SM, Ohlmeier S, Pietilä I, Hiltunen J, Tanila H, McKerlie C, Govindan S, Tuominen H, Kaarteenaho R, Hallman M, Uusimaa J, Hinttala R. Variant in NHLRC2 leads to increased hnRNP C2 in developing neurons and the hippocampus of a mouse model of FINCA disease. Mol Med 2020; 26:123. [PMID: 33297935 PMCID: PMC7724728 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background FINCA disease is a pediatric cerebropulmonary disease caused by variants in the NHL repeat-containing 2 (NHLRC2) gene. Neurological symptoms are among the first manifestations of FINCA disease, but the consequences of NHLRC2 deficiency in the central nervous system are currently unexplored. Methods The orthologous mouse gene is essential for development, and its complete loss leads to early embryonic lethality. In the current study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate an Nhlrc2 knockin (KI) mouse line, harboring the FINCA patient missense mutation (c.442G > T, p.Asp148Tyr). A FINCA mouse model, resembling the compound heterozygote genotype of FINCA patients, was obtained by crossing the KI and Nhlrc2 knockout mouse lines. To reveal NHLRC2-interacting proteins in developing neurons, we compared cortical neuronal precursor cells of E13.5 FINCA and wild-type mouse embryos by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis. Results Despite the significant decrease in NHLRC2, the mice did not develop severe early onset multiorgan disease in either sex. We discovered 19 altered proteins in FINCA neuronal precursor cells; several of which are involved in vesicular transport pathways and actin dynamics which have been previously reported in other cell types including human to have an association with dysfunctional NHLRC2. Interestingly, isoform C2 of hnRNP C1/C2 was significantly increased in both developing neurons and the hippocampus of adult female FINCA mice, connecting NHLRC2 dysfunction with accumulation of RNA binding protein. Conclusions We describe here the first NHLRC2-deficient mouse model to overcome embryonic lethality, enabling further studies on predisposing and causative mechanisms behind FINCA disease. Our novel findings suggest that disrupted RNA metabolism may contribute to the neurodegeneration observed in FINCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina E Hiltunen
- Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, PO Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Salla M Kangas
- Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, PO Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Steffen Ohlmeier
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5400, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Ilkka Pietilä
- Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, PO Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jori Hiltunen
- Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, PO Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Colin McKerlie
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Subashika Govindan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Hepia/HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hannu Tuominen
- Department of Pathology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu and Unit of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko Hallman
- Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, PO Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Uusimaa
- Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, PO Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Paediatric Neurology Unit, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Reetta Hinttala
- Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, PO Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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16
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Brodsky NN, Boyarchuk O, Kovalchuk T, Hariyan T, Rice A, Ji W, Khokha M, Lakhani S, Lucas CL. Novel compound heterozygous variants in NHLRC2 in a patient with FINCA syndrome. J Hum Genet 2020; 65:911-915. [PMID: 32435055 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-0776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two variants in the ubiquitously expressed NHLRC2 gene have been reported to cause a lethal fibrotic cerebropulmonary disease termed fibrosis, neurodegeneration, and cerebral angiomatosis (FINCA) syndrome in three Finnish children. Our objective was to determine the genetic basis of disease in a new patient with clinical features of FINCA syndrome using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and confirmation by Sanger sequencing. The patient has one known and one novel variant in NHLRC2 (c.442T>G, p.D148Y and c.428C>A, p.H143P, respectively). p.H143P is extremely rare and is not present in the gnomAD database of >140,000 allele sequences from healthy humans. Both variants affect the highly conserved N-terminal thioredoxin (Trx)-like domain of NHLRC2 and are predicted to be damaging. We conclude that a compound heterozygous combination of a known and a novel variant in NHLRC2 causes FINCA syndrome in a 2-year-old Ukrainian patient, underscoring the importance of NHLRC2 as a central regulator of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina N Brodsky
- Yale University Department of Immunobiology, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale University Department of Pediatrics, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Oksana Boyarchuk
- Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Department of Children's Diseases and Pediatric Surgery, Ternopil, Ukraine.
| | - Tetyana Kovalchuk
- Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Department of Children's Diseases and Pediatric Surgery, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Hariyan
- Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Department of Children's Diseases and Pediatric Surgery, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Andrew Rice
- Yale University Department of Immunobiology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Weizhen Ji
- Yale University Department of Pediatrics, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale University Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mustafa Khokha
- Yale University Department of Pediatrics, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale University Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Saquib Lakhani
- Yale University Department of Pediatrics, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale University Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carrie L Lucas
- Yale University Department of Immunobiology, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Yale University Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, New Haven, CT, USA.
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17
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A Genome-Wide Knockout Screen in Human Macrophages Identified Host Factors Modulating Salmonella Infection. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.02169-19. [PMID: 31594818 PMCID: PMC6786873 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02169-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A genome-scale CRISPR knockout library screen of THP-1 human macrophages was performed to identify loss-of-function mutations conferring resistance to Salmonella uptake. The screen identified 183 candidate genes, from which 14 representative genes involved in actin dynamics (ACTR3, ARPC4, CAPZB, TOR3A, CYFIP2, CTTN, and NHLRC2), glycosaminoglycan metabolism (B3GNT1), receptor signaling (PDGFB and CD27), lipid raft formation (CLTCL1), calcium transport (ATP2A2 and ITPR3), and cholesterol metabolism (HMGCR) were analyzed further. For some of these pathways, known chemical inhibitors could replicate the Salmonella resistance phenotype, indicating their potential as targets for host-directed therapy. The screen indicated a role for the relatively uncharacterized gene NHLRC2 in both Salmonella invasion and macrophage differentiation. Upon differentiation, NHLRC2 mutant macrophages were hyperinflammatory and did not exhibit characteristics typical of macrophages, including atypical morphology and inability to interact and phagocytose bacteria/particles. Immunoprecipitation confirmed an interaction of NHLRC2 with FRYL, EIF2AK2, and KLHL13.IMPORTANCE Salmonella exploits macrophages to gain access to the lymphatic system and bloodstream to lead to local and potentially systemic infections. With an increasing number of antibiotic-resistant isolates identified in humans, Salmonella infections have become major threats to public health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify alternative approaches to anti-infective therapy, including host-directed therapies. In this study, we used a simple genome-wide screen to identify 183 candidate host factors in macrophages that can confer resistance to Salmonella infection. These factors may be potential therapeutic targets against Salmonella infections.
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18
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Paakkola T, Salokas K, Miinalainen I, Lehtonen S, Manninen A, Kaakinen M, Ruddock LW, Varjosalo M, Kaarteenaho R, Uusimaa J, Hinttala R. Biallelic mutations in human NHLRC2 enhance myofibroblast differentiation in FINCA disease. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:4288-4302. [PMID: 30239752 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of tissue fibrosis is complex and at the present time, not fully understood. Fibrosis, neurodegeneration and cerebral angiomatosis (FINCA disease) have been described in patients with mutations in NHL repeat-containing protein 2 (NHLRC2). However, the molecular functions of NHLRC2 are uncharacterized. Herein, we identified putative interacting partners for NHLRC2 using proximity-labeling mass spectrometry. We also investigated the function of NHLRC2 using immortalized cells cultured from skin biopsies of FINCA patients and normal fibroblasts with NHLRC2 knock-down and NHLRC2 overexpressing gene modifications. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of immortalized cell cultures from three FINCA patients demonstrated multilamellar bodies and distinctly organized vimentin filaments. Additionally, two of three cultures derived from patient skin biopsies contained cells that exhibited features characteristic of myofibroblasts. Altogether, the data presented in this study show for the first time that NHLRC2 is involved in cellular organization through regulation of the cytoskeleton and vesicle transport. We conclude that compound heterozygous p.Asp148Tyr and p.Arg201GlyfsTer6 mutations in NHLRC2 lead to severe tissue fibrosis in humans by enhancing the differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teija Paakkola
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Salokas
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Aki Manninen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Lloyd W Ruddock
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Uusimaa
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Reetta Hinttala
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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19
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Haney MS, Bohlen CJ, Morgens DW, Ousey JA, Barkal AA, Tsui CK, Ego BK, Levin R, Kamber RA, Collins H, Tucker A, Li A, Vorselen D, Labitigan L, Crane E, Boyle E, Jiang L, Chan J, Rincón E, Greenleaf WJ, Li B, Snyder MP, Weissman IL, Theriot JA, Collins SR, Barres BA, Bassik MC. Identification of phagocytosis regulators using magnetic genome-wide CRISPR screens. Nat Genet 2018; 50:1716-1727. [PMID: 30397336 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is required for a broad range of physiological functions, from pathogen defense to tissue homeostasis, but the mechanisms required for phagocytosis of diverse substrates remain incompletely understood. Here, we developed a rapid magnet-based phenotypic screening strategy, and performed eight genome-wide CRISPR screens in human cells to identify genes regulating phagocytosis of distinct substrates. After validating select hits in focused miniscreens, orthogonal assays and primary human macrophages, we show that (1) the previously uncharacterized gene NHLRC2 is a central player in phagocytosis, regulating RhoA-Rac1 signaling cascades that control actin polymerization and filopodia formation, (2) very-long-chain fatty acids are essential for efficient phagocytosis of certain substrates and (3) the previously uncharacterized Alzheimer's disease-associated gene TM2D3 can preferentially influence uptake of amyloid-β aggregates. These findings illuminate new regulators and core principles of phagocytosis, and more generally establish an efficient method for unbiased identification of cellular uptake mechanisms across diverse physiological and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Haney
- Department of Genetics and Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Bohlen
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - David W Morgens
- Department of Genetics and Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James A Ousey
- Department of Genetics and Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amira A Barkal
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - C Kimberly Tsui
- Department of Genetics and Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Braeden K Ego
- Department of Genetics and Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Roni Levin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roarke A Kamber
- Department of Genetics and Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Collins
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Tucker
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amy Li
- Department of Genetics and Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daan Vorselen
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Labitigan
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Emily Crane
- Department of Genetics and Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Evan Boyle
- Department of Genetics and Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lihua Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joanne Chan
- Department of Genetics and Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Esther Rincón
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - William J Greenleaf
- Department of Genetics and Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Billy Li
- Department of Genetics and Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics and Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sean R Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ben A Barres
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Bassik
- Department of Genetics and Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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20
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Biterova E, Ignatyev A, Uusimaa J, Hinttala R, Ruddock LW. Structural analysis of human NHLRC2, mutations of which are associated with FINCA disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202391. [PMID: 30138417 PMCID: PMC6107167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
NHLRC2 (NHL repeat-containing protein 2) is an essential protein. Mutations of NHLRC2, including Asp148Tyr, have been recently associated with a novel FINCA disease (fibrosis, neurodegeneration, cerebral angiomatosis), which is fatal in early childhood. To gain insight into the mechanisms of action of this essential protein, we determined the crystal structure of the Trx-like and NHL repeat β-propeller domains of human NHLRC2 to a resolution of 2.7 Å. The structure reveals two domains adjacent to each other that form a cleft containing a conserved CCINC motif. A SAXS structure of full-length NHLRC2 reveals that the non-conserved C-terminal domain does not pack against the N-terminal domains. Analysis of the surface properties of the protein identifies an extended negative electrostatic potential in the surface of the cleft formed by the two domains, which likely forms a binding site for a ligand or interaction partner(s). Bioinformatics analysis discovers homologs across a range of eukaryotic and prokaryotic species and conserved residues map mostly to the adjacent surfaces of the Trx-like and β-propeller domains that form the cleft, suggesting both that this forms the potential functional site of NHLRC2 and that the function is conserved across species. Asp148 is located in the Trx-like domain and is not conserved across species. The Asp148Tyr mutation destabilizes the structure of the protein by 2°C. The NHLRC2 structure, the first of any of its homologs, provides an important step towards more focused structure-function studies of this essential protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Biterova
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alexander Ignatyev
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Uusimaa
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Reetta Hinttala
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lloyd W. Ruddock
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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