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Yael A, Fishman R, Matas D, Doniger T, Vortman Y, Koren L. Fetal endocrine axes mRNA expression levels are related to sex and intrauterine position. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:61. [PMID: 39103957 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00637-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and -gonadal (HPG) axes are two major pathways that connect the neural and endocrine systems in vertebrates. Factors such as prenatal stress and maternal exposure to exogenous steroids have been shown to affect these pathways during fetal development. Another less studied factor is the transfer of hormones across fetuses in multifetal pregnancies. This form of transfer has been shown to influence the morphology, anatomy, physiology, and behavior of the offspring in litter-bearing mammals, an influence termed the intrauterine position (IUP) effect. In this study, we sought to delineate how the IUP effects HPA and HPG brain receptors, peptides, and enzymes (hereafter components) in utero and how these influences may differ between males and females. METHODS We utilized the unconventional model of culled free-ranging nutria (Myocastor coypus), with its large natural variation. We collected brain tissues from nutria fetuses and quantified the expression of key HPA and HPG components in three brain regions: prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, and striatum. RESULTS We found an interaction between sex and IUP in the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GNRHR), androgen receptor (AR), and estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1). IUP was significant in both gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its receptor GNRHR, but in different ways. In the hypothalamus, fetuses adjacent to same-sex neighbors had higher expression of GnRH than fetuses neighboring the opposite sex. Conversely, in the cortex, GNRHR exhibited the inverse pattern, and fetuses that were neighboring the opposite sex had higher expression levels than those neighboring the same sex. Regardless of IUP, in most components that showed significant sex differences, female fetuses had higher mRNA expression levels than male fetuses. We also found that HPA and HPG components were highly related in the early stages of gestation, and that there was an interaction between sex and developmental stage. In the early stages of pregnancy, female component expression levels were more correlated than males', but in the last trimester of pregnancy, male components were more related to each other than female's. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that there are sexually different mechanisms to regulate the HPA and HPG axes during fetal development. Higher mRNA expression levels of endocrine axes components may be a mechanism to help females cope with prolonged androgen exposure over a long gestational period. Additionally, these findings suggest different coordination requirements of male and female endocrine axes during stages of fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Yael
- The Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ruth Fishman
- The Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Devorah Matas
- The Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tirza Doniger
- The Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yoni Vortman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Hula Research Center, Tel Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, 1220800, Qiryat Shemona, Israel
| | - Lee Koren
- The Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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Cao J, Chen Y, Wang H. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and biomarkers in fetal development. Toxicology 2022; 479:153316. [PMID: 36096318 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It is known that basal glucocorticoid levels in utero are essential for regulating fetal development and maturation, and determine the fate of later life. Recently, more and more studies suggest that adverse prenatal environments may cause abnormal maternal glucocorticoid levels in utero. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-HSDs) are widely distributed in the target organs of glucocorticoids (GCs) and mineralocorticoids. 11β-HSDs is involved in fetal physiological and pathological development by activating or inactivating GCs. Prenatal adverse environments (including exogenous and maternal environments) can affect the expression and activity of 11β-HSDs in the placenta and fetus via multiple pathways. It induces abnormal local glucocorticoid levels in fetal multiple tissues, fetal developmental programming and homeostasis changes, and the susceptibility to various diseases after birth. We also discuss the interventions of 11β-HSDs inhibitors on fetal developmental programming and susceptibility to multiple diseases. Finally, we propose that 11β-HSD2 can be used as a molecular target for fetal developmental toxicity, while 11β-HSD1 can be regarded as an intervention target to prevent fetal-originated diseases. This review will provide a theoretical basis for the early prevention and treatment of fetal-originated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yawen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
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3
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Vitaliti G, Falsaperla R. Chorioamnionitis, Inflammation and Neonatal Apnea: Effects on Preterm Neonatal Brainstem and on Peripheral Airways: Chorioamnionitis and Neonatal Respiratory Functions. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8100917. [PMID: 34682182 PMCID: PMC8534519 DOI: 10.3390/children8100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The present manuscript aims to be a narrative review evaluating the association between inflammation in chorioamnionitis and damage on respiratory centers, peripheral airways, and lungs, explaining the pathways responsible for apnea in preterm babies born by delivery after chorioamnionitis. Methods: A combination of keywords and MESH words was used, including: "inflammation", "chorioamnionitis", "brainstem", "cytokines storm", "preterm birth", "neonatal apnea", and "apnea physiopathology". All identified papers were screened for title and abstracts by the two authors to verify whether they met the proper criteria to write the topic. Results: Chorioamnionitis is usually associated with Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome (FIRS), resulting in injury of brain and lungs. Literature data have shown that infections causing chorioamnionitis are mostly associated with inflammation and consequent hypoxia-mediated brain injury. Moreover, inflammation and infection induce apneic episodes in neonates, as well as in animal samples. Chorioamnionitis-induced inflammation favors the systemic secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines that are involved in abnormal development of the respiratory centers in the brainstem and in alterations of peripheral airways and lungs. Conclusions: Preterm birth shows a suboptimal development of the brainstem and abnormalities and altered development of peripheral airways and lungs. These alterations are responsible for reduced respiratory control and apnea. To date, mostly animal studies have been published. Therefore, more clinical studies on the role of chorioamninitis-induced inflammation on prematurity and neonatal apnea are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Vitaliti
- Unit of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-34-0471-0614
| | - Raffaele Falsaperla
- Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency Operative Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico G.Rodolico-San Marco, San Marco Hospital, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico G.Rodolico-San Marco, San Marco Hospital, San Marco Hospital, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
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4
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Kenkel W. Birth signalling hormones and the developmental consequences of caesarean delivery. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12912. [PMID: 33145818 PMCID: PMC10590550 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rates of delivery by caesarean section (CS) are increasing around the globe and, although several epidemiological associations have already been observed between CS and health outcomes in later life, more are sure to be discovered as this practice continues to gain popularity. The components of vaginal delivery that protect offspring from the negative consequences of CS delivery in later life are currently unknown, although much attention to date has focused on differences in microbial colonisation. Here, we present the case that differing hormonal experiences at birth may also contribute to the neurodevelopmental consequences of CS delivery. Levels of each of the 'birth signalling hormones' (oxytocin, arginine vasopressin, epinephrine, norepinephrine and the glucocorticoids) are lower following CS compared to vaginal delivery, and there is substantial evidence for each that manipulations in early life results in long-term neurodevelopmental consequences. We draw from the research traditions of neuroendocrinology and developmental psychobiology to suggest that the perinatal period is a sensitive period, during which hormones achieve organisational effects. Furthermore, there is much to be learned from research on developmental programming by early-life stress that may inform research on CS, as a result of shared neuroendocrine mechanisms at work. We compare and contrast the effects of early-life stress with those of CS delivery and propose new avenues of research based on the links between the two bodies of literature. The research conducted to date suggests that the differences in hormone signalling seen in CS neonates may produce long-term neurodevelopmental consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Kenkel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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5
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Bertani R, Rodrigues RB, Koester SW, Vasconcelos FA, Monteiro R. Complicated Cerebral Venous Thrombosis During the First Trimester of Pregnancy. Cureus 2020; 12:e10683. [PMID: 33133849 PMCID: PMC7593127 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy and puerperium are known conditions associated with venous thrombotic events, which may present atypically in cases such as cerebral venous thrombosis. Since these are uncommon events, there is a paucity of reports and protocols for the management of these patients, resulting in no clear consensus in the literature. We report a case of a woman, nine weeks pregnant, who developed thrombosis of the right transverse and superior sagittal sinuses. Our diagnosis was made with computed tomography angiography, and due to a significant midline shift, an emergency decompressive hemicraniectomy was required. Although medical and surgical therapies for intracranial hypertension and anticoagulation were optimized in accordance with current medical literature, the patient suffered a spontaneous abortion and remained with significant neurological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Bertani
- Neurological Surgery, Hospital Municipal Miguel Couto, Rio de Janeiro, BRA.,Emergency Medicine, Estácio de Sá University Medical School, Rio de Janeiro, BRA
| | | | | | | | - Ruy Monteiro
- Neurological Surgery, Hospital Municipal Miguel Couto, Rio de Janeiro, BRA
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Badir S, Bernardi L, Feijó Delgado F, Quack Loetscher K, Hebisch G, Hoesli I. Aspiration technique-based device is more reliable in cervical stiffness assessment than digital palpation. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:391. [PMID: 32631265 PMCID: PMC7339509 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to compare the reliability and reproducibility of the traditional qualitative method of assessing uterine cervical stiffness with those of a quantitative method using a novel device based on the aspiration technique. Methods Five silicone models of the uterine cervix were created and used to simulate different cervical stiffnesses throughout gestation. The stiffness of the five cervix models was assessed both by digital palpation (firm, medium and soft) and with the Pregnolia System. Five self-trained participants conducted the device-based assessment, whereas 63 obstetricians and midwives, trained in digital palpation, conducted the cervical palpation. Results The results of the two methods were analyzed in terms of inter-and intra-observer variability. For digital palpation, there was no common agreement on the assessment of the stiffness, except for the softest cervix. When assessing the same cervix model for a second time, 76% of the obstetricians and midwives disagreed with their previous assessment. In contrast, the maximum standard deviation for the device-based stiffness assessment for intra- and inter-observer variability was 3% and 3.4%, respectively. Conclusions This study has shown that a device based on the aspiration technique provides obstetricians and midwives with a method for objectively and repeatably assess uterine cervical stiffness, which can eliminate the need to rely solely on a subjective interpretation, as is the case with digital palpation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Badir
- Pregnolia AG, Schlieren, Wiesenstrasse 33, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Bernardi
- Pregnolia AG, Schlieren, Wiesenstrasse 33, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Gundula Hebisch
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, Thurgau Hospital, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Irene Hoesli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Paul R, Murugesh C, Chepulis L, Tamatea J, Wolmarans L. Should antenatal corticosteroids be considered in women with gestational diabetes before planned late gestation caesarean section. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2019; 59:463-466. [PMID: 30773614 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at a greater risk of developing respiratory complications and hypoglycaemia than those born to mothers without diabetes. However, there is currently insufficient evidence as to whether these risks are altered by antenatal corticosteroids after 37 weeks gestation. This retrospective study suggests that antenatal corticosteroids probably reduce respiratory admissions to the newborn intensive care unit with a mild increase in neonatal hypoglycaemia in women with GDM who deliver via caesarean section after 37 weeks gestation. Consequently, we recommend a randomised, controlled trial is required to determine the efficacy and safety of antenatal corticosteroids specifically in women with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Paul
- Waikato Regional Diabetes Service, Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Waikato Medical Research Centre, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Carissa Murugesh
- Waikato Clinical Campus, University of Auckland, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Lynne Chepulis
- Waikato Medical Research Centre, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Jade Tamatea
- Waikato Regional Diabetes Service, Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Waikato Clinical Campus, University of Auckland, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Louise Wolmarans
- Waikato Regional Diabetes Service, Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Waikato Clinical Campus, University of Auckland, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Tsai CC, Tiao MM, Sheen JM, Huang LT, Tain YL, Lin IC, Lin YJ, Lai YJ, Chen CC, Chang KA, Yu HR. Obesity programmed by prenatal dexamethasone and postnatal high-fat diet leads to distinct alterations in nutrition sensory signals and circadian-clock genes in visceral adipose tissue. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:19. [PMID: 30658634 PMCID: PMC6339284 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0963-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal dexamethasone treatment has been shown to enhance the susceptibility of offspring to postnatal high-fat (HF) diet-induced programmed obesity. We investigated the metabolic phenotypes, nutrient-sensing signal and circadian-clock genes in adipose tissue that are programmed by prenatal dexamethasone exposure and postnatal HF diet. METHODS Male offspring of Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four experimental groups: normal diet, prenatal dexamethasone exposure, postnatal HF diet, and prenatal dexamethasone plus postnatal HF diet. Postnatal HF diet was prescribed from weaning to 6 months of age. RESULTS Prenatal dexamethasone and postnatal HF diet exerted synergistic effects on body weight and visceral adiposity, whereas prenatal dexamethasone and postnatal HF diet altered the metabolic profile and caused leptin dysregulation. Prenatal dexamethasone and postnatal HF diet distinctly influenced nutrient-sensing molecules and circadian-clock genes in adipose tissue. The mRNA expression of mTOR, AMPK-α2, PPAR-α, and PPAR-γ was suppressed by prenatal dexamethasone but enhanced by postnatal HF diet. CONCLUSION Prenatal dexamethasone and postnatal HF treatment cause dysregulation of nutrient-sensing molecules and circadian-clock genes in visceral adipose tissue. Characterizing altered nutrient-sensing molecules and circadian-clock genes has potential therapeutic relevance with respect to the pathogenesis and treatment of prenatal stress and postnatal HF diet-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chou Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Meng Tiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao Sung, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao Sung, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao Sung, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao Sung, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - I-Chun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao Sung, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao Sung, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kow-Aung Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao Sung, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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9
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Chen Z, Zhao Z, Li Y, Zhang X, Li B, Chen L, Wang H. Course-, dose-, and stage-dependent toxic effects of prenatal dexamethasone exposure on fetal articular cartilage development. Toxicol Lett 2018; 286:1-9. [PMID: 29329878 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Yu HR, Tain YL, Tiao MM, Chen CC, Sheen JM, Lin IC, Li SW, Tsai CC, Lin YJ, Hsieh KS, Huang LT. Prenatal dexamethasone and postnatal high-fat diet have a synergistic effect of elevating blood pressure through a distinct programming mechanism of systemic and adipose renin-angiotensin systems. Lipids Health Dis 2018. [PMID: 29540174 PMCID: PMC5853160 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension may result from high-fat (HF) diet induced-obesity and overexposure to glucocorticoids in utero. Recent studies demonstrated the potent contribution of adipose tissue’s renin-angiotensin system (RAS) to systemic RAS, which plays a key role in regulating blood pressure (BP). In this study, we investigated the effects of prenatal dexamethasone (DEX) exposure and postnatal HF diet on RAS of adipose tissue. Methods RAS and BP of 6-month old rats exposed to prenatal DEX and/or postnatal HF diet were examined. Results Prenatal DEX plus postnatal HF exerted a synergistic effect on systolic BP. Prenatal DEX exposure suppressed plasma angiotensin (ANG) I and ANG II, whereas postnatal HF suppressed plasma ANG-(1–7) level. Prenatal DEX increased prorenin receptor and renin levels, but suppressed angiotensinogen (AGT) and angiotensin-converting-enzyme 1 (ACE1) mRNA expressions in adipose tissue. Postnatal HF increased AGT mRNA expression, but suppressed prorenin receptor, renin, ACE2, ANG II type 2 receptor (AT2R), and Mas receptor (MasR) mRNA expression levels. Conclusions Prenatal GC exposure altered the ACE1/ANG II/ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1R) axis, whereas postnatal HF negatively impacted the ACE2/ANG-(1–7)/MasR axis. Prenatal DEX exposure and postnatal HF synergistically elevated BP through a distinct programming mechanism of systemic and adipose RAS. Adipose RAS might be a target for precise hypertension treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-018-0701-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Meng Tiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chou Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Sheng Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, #123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Kashanian M, Eshraghi N, Sheikhansari N, Bordbar A, Khatami E. Comparison between two doses of betamethasone administration with 12 hours vs. 24 hours intervals on prevention of respiratory distress syndrome: a randomised trial. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2018. [PMID: 29526138 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2017.1413080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of a two-dose administration of betamethasone with 12 hours interval vs. 24 hours interval on neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The study was performed as a randomised clinical trial on 201 pregnant women with a gestational age of 26-34 weeks. In one group 12 mg of betamethasone every 12 hours for two doses and in the other group 12 mg of betamethasone every 24 hours for two doses were prescribed intramuscularly. There were no significant differences between the two groups according to maternal age, parity, gravidity, BMI, neonatal sex, need to surfactant, NICU admission, NICU stay, neonatal death, neonatal sepsis and Apgar score at minutes 1 and 5, but the gestational age at the beginning of the study and delivery receiving complete course of betamethasone and neonatal weight were lower in 24 hours group. RDS, necrotising enterocolitis, intra-ventricular haemorrhage and chorioamnionitis were more in the 24 hours' group. Multiple regression analysis showed that RDS and IVH (p = .022, RR = 0.07, CI95% 0.006-0.96 and p = .013; RR = 0.9, CI95% 0.1-0.89, respectively) were more in the 24 hours group and neonatal death (p = .034, RR = 4.7, CI95% 1.07-16.2) and NEC (p = 0.038, RR = 2.5, CI95% 1.7-3.7), were more in the 12 hours group. In conclusion, it seems that 12 hours interval betamethasone therapy may be considered as an alternative treatment in the case of preterm labour for acceleration of lung maturity; however, it is suggested that more studies should be performed on this issue and various morbidities. IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject: Administration of a single course of corticosteroids in all women with a gestational age of 24-34 weeks of pregnancy who are at risk for preterm labour and delivery has been recommended. The accepted regimen by National Institutes of Health (NIH) is an injection of betamethasone for two doses with 24 hours interval. What do the results of this study add: Twelve hours interval betamethasone therapy may be considered as an alternative treatment in the cases of preterm labour for acceleration of lung maturity. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research: Prescription of two doses (complete regimen) is more important than the interval between two doses for obtaining the maximum effect in a preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kashanian
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Iran University of Medical Sciences, Akbarabadi Teaching Hospital , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nooshin Eshraghi
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Iran University of Medical Sciences, Akbarabadi Teaching Hospital , Tehran , Iran
| | - Narges Sheikhansari
- b Public Health, Faculty of Medicine , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Arash Bordbar
- c Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology) , Iran University of Medical Sciences, Akbarabadi Teaching Hospital , Tehran , Iran
| | - Elahehsadat Khatami
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Iran University of Medical Sciences, Akbarabadi Teaching Hospital , Tehran , Iran
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12
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Stojanovska V, Miller SL, Hooper SB, Polglase GR. The Consequences of Preterm Birth and Chorioamnionitis on Brainstem Respiratory Centers: Implications for Neurochemical Development and Altered Functions by Inflammation and Prostaglandins. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:26. [PMID: 29449803 PMCID: PMC5799271 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is a major cause for neonatal morbidity and mortality, and is frequently associated with adverse neurological outcomes. The transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life at birth is particularly challenging for preterm infants. The main physiological driver for extrauterine transition is the establishment of spontaneous breathing. However, preterm infants have difficulty clearing lung liquid, have insufficient surfactant levels, and underdeveloped lungs. Further, preterm infants have an underdeveloped brainstem, resulting in reduced respiratory drive. These factors facilitate the increased requirement for respiratory support. A principal cause of preterm birth is intrauterine infection/inflammation (chorioamnionitis), and infants with chorioamnionitis have an increased risk and severity of neurological damage, but also demonstrate impaired autoresuscitation capacity and prevalent apnoeic episodes. The brainstem contains vital respiratory centers which provide the neural drive for breathing, but the impact of preterm birth and/or chorioamnionitis on this brain region is not well understood. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the role and function of the brainstem respiratory centers, and to highlight the proposed mechanisms of how preterm birth and chorioamnionitis may affect central respiratory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Stojanovska
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University and Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart B Hooper
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University and Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Graeme R Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University and Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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13
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Babooa N, Shi WJ, Chen C. Factors relating caesarean section to persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. World J Pediatr 2017; 13:517-527. [PMID: 29058246 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-017-0056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have clearly demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) in neonates delivered by caesarean section (CS) compared to those delivered vaginally. The pathophysiological factors underlying the link between CS and PPHN are still poorly understood. In this review, we describe the mechanisms that could explain the association between CS delivery and subsequent PPHN, as well as potential preventive measures. DATA SOURCES A literature search was conducted by electronic scanning of databases such as PubMed and Web of Science using the key words "persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn", "caesarean section", "iatrogenic prematurity", "oxidative stress", "late preterm", "labor" and "vasoactive agents". RESULTS Iatrogenic prematurity, higher rates of late preterm delivery and lack of physiological changes of labor play an important role in the association between CS and PPHN. CS delivery also results in limited endogenous pulmonary vasodilator synthesis and lower levels of protective anti-oxidants in the neonates. In addition, CS delivery exposes infants to a higher risk of respiratory distress syndrome and its concomitant increase in endothelin-1 levels, which might indirectly lead to a higher risk of developing PPHN. We believe that neonates delivered by CS are exposed to a combination of these pathophysiological events, culminating in an endpoint of respiratory distress, hypoxia, acidosis, and delayed transition and thereby increased risks of PPHN. The use of antenatal corticosteroids prior to elective CS in late preterm deliveries, promoting accurate informedconsent process, delaying elective CS to 39 weeks of gestation or beyond and antenatal maternal anti-oxidant supplementation could potentially mitigate the effects of CS delivery and minimize CS-related PPHN. CONCLUSIONS The link between CS delivery and PPHN is complex. In view of the rising rates of CS worldwide, there is an urgent need to further explore the mechanisms linking CS to PPHN and experimentally test therapeutic options in order to allow effective targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niralee Babooa
- Department of Neonatology, Children Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Wen-Jing Shi
- Department of Neonatology, Children Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Children Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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14
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Wong TTC, Tung JSZ, Lau HCQ, Tagore S. Antenatal corticosteroids administration: are we giving them at the right time? Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 297:373-379. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Lau HCQ, Tung JSZ, Wong TTC, Tan PL, Tagore S. Timing of antenatal steroids exposure and its effects on neonates. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 296:1091-1096. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Moisiadis VG, Constantinof A, Kostaki A, Szyf M, Matthews SG. Prenatal Glucocorticoid Exposure Modifies Endocrine Function and Behaviour for 3 Generations Following Maternal and Paternal Transmission. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11814. [PMID: 28924262 PMCID: PMC5603559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11635-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal exposure to high levels of glucocorticoids programs long-term changes in the physiologic stress response and behaviours. However, it is not known whether effects manifest in subsequent generations of offspring following maternal (MT) or paternal (PT) transmission. We treated pregnant guinea pigs with three courses of saline or synthetic glucocorticoid (sGC) at a clinically relevant dose. Altered cortisol response to stress and behaviours transmitted to juvenile female and male F2 and F3 offspring from both parental lines. Behavioural effects of sGC in F1-F3 PT females associated with altered expression of genes in the prefrontal cortex and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Exposure to sGC programmed large transgenerational changes in PVN gene expression, including type II diabetes, thermoregulation, and collagen formation gene networks. We demonstrate transgenerational programming to F3 following antenatal sGC. Transmission is sex- and generation-dependent, occurring through both parental lines. Paternal transmission to F3 females strongly implicates epigenetic mechanisms of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis G Moisiadis
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Andrea Constantinof
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Alisa Kostaki
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Stephen G Matthews
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S1A8, Canada.
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17
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Tsiarli MA, Rudine A, Kendall N, Pratt MO, Krall R, Thiels E, DeFranco DB, Monaghan AP. Antenatal dexamethasone exposure differentially affects distinct cortical neural progenitor cells and triggers long-term changes in murine cerebral architecture and behavior. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1153. [PMID: 28608856 PMCID: PMC5537650 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antenatal administration of synthetic glucocorticoids (sGC) is the standard of care for women at risk for preterm labor before 34 gestational weeks. Despite their widespread use, the type of sGC used and their dose or the dosing regimens are not standardized in the United States of America or worldwide. Several studies have identified neural deficits and the increased risk for cognitive and psychiatric disease later in life for children administered sGC prenatally. However, the precise molecular and cellular targets of GC action in the developing brain remain largely undefined. In this study, we demonstrate that a single dose of glucocorticoid during mid-gestation in mice leads to enhanced proliferation in select cerebral cortical neural stem/progenitor cell populations. These alterations are mediated by dose-dependent changes in the expression of cell cycle inhibitors and in genes that promote cell cycle re-entry. This leads to changes in neuronal number and density in the cerebral cortex at birth, coupled to long-term alterations in neurite complexity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in adolescents, and changes in anxiety and depressive-like behaviors in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Tsiarli
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A Rudine
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - N Kendall
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M O Pratt
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R Krall
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - E Thiels
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D B DeFranco
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A P Monaghan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA. E-mail:
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18
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Yates N, Crew RC, Wyrwoll CS. Vitamin D deficiency and impaired placental function: potential regulation by glucocorticoids? Reproduction 2017; 153:R163-R171. [PMID: 28137896 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Maternal vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in a range of pregnancy complications including preeclampsia, preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction. Some of these adverse outcomes arise from alterations in placental function. Indeed, vitamin D appears critical for implantation, inflammation, immune function and angiogenesis in the placenta. Despite these associations, absence of the placental vitamin D receptor in mice provokes little effect. Thus, interactions between maternal and fetal compartments are likely crucial for instigating adverse placental changes. Indeed, maternal vitamin D deficiency elicits changes in glucocorticoid-related parameters in pregnancy, which increase placental and fetal glucocorticoid exposure. As in utero glucocorticoid excess has a well-established role in eliciting placental dysfunction and fetal growth restriction, this review proposes that glucocorticoids are an important consideration when understanding the impact of vitamin D deficiency on placental function and fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachael C Crew
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Caitlin S Wyrwoll
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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19
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Chou MY, Huang LT, Tain YL, Kuo HC, Tiao MM, Sheen JM, Chen CC, Hung PL, Hsieh KS, Yu HR. Age-Dependent Effects of Prenatal Dexamethasone Exposure on Immune Responses in Male Rats. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2017; 241:225-237. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.241.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center
| | - Mao-Meng Tiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center
| | - Pi-Lien Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center
| | - Kai-Sheng Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center
- Graduate Insititute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine
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20
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AlSaad D, Abdulrouf PV, Parappil H, Tarannum A, Thomas B. Neonatal outcomes after oral administration of antenatal corticosteroid: A case report. Saudi Pharm J 2015; 23:716-9. [PMID: 26702268 PMCID: PMC4669477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antenatal corticosteroids is associated with reduction in morbidity and mortality rates in preterm delivery. A 34 year-old pregnant woman, gravida 2 para1, was planned for elective cesarean section at 36 weeks of gestation as ultrasound study showed intrauterine growth retardation. She has idiopathic thrombocytopenia and anemia, with suspected hypoplastic anemia. Due to mother's low platelet count, antenatal intramuscular corticosteroids injection was avoided. Instead, oral dexamethasone was given for fetal lung maturity. Baby's Apgar score at 1-min and 5-min was 9 and 10, respectively. The baby girl did not develop respiratory distress syndrome. She had mild transient tachypnea of newborn that needed only mild respiratory support with nasal cannula in room air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doua AlSaad
- Department of Pharmacy, Women’s Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | | | - Hussain Parappil
- Department of NICU, Women’s Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Qatar
| | - Asma Tarannum
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | - Binny Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy, Women’s Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
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21
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Castagnetti C, Mariella J. Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Equine Neonatal Medicine. Part II: Corticosteroids. J Equine Vet Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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22
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Cordioli RL, Cordioli E, Negrini R, Silva E. Sepsis and pregnancy: do we know how to treat this situation? Rev Bras Ter Intensiva 2015; 25:334-44. [PMID: 24553516 PMCID: PMC4031877 DOI: 10.5935/0103-507x.20130056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as an acute inflammatory response syndrome secondary to an
infectious focus. It has a high incidence, morbidity and mortality, causing
substantial financial costs, especially due to complications such as septic shock and
multiple organ dysfunction. The pathogen toxins associated with individual
susceptibility culminate with cytokine release, which promotes a systemic
inflammatory response that can progress to multiple organ dysfunction and eventual
patient death. Specifically, sepsis incidence, morbidity and mortality are lower in pregnant women,
as this group is typically younger with fewer comorbidities having a polymicrobial
etiology resulting in sepsis. Pregnant women exhibit physiological characteristics that may confer specific
clinical presentation and laboratory patterns during the sepsis course. Thus, a
better understanding of these changes is critical for better identification and
management of these patients. The presence of a fetus also requires unique approaches
in a pregnant woman with sepsis. Sepsis treatment is based on certain guidelines that were established after major
clinical trials, which, unfortunately, all classified pregnancy as a exclusion
criteria. Thus, the treatment of sepsis in the general population has been extrapolated to the
pregnant population, with the following main goals: maintenance of tissue perfusion
with fluid replacement and vasoactive drugs (initial resuscitation), adequate
oxygenation, control of the infection source and an early start of antibiotic
therapy, corticosteroid infusion and blood transfusion when properly indicated,
prophylaxis, and specifically monitoring and maintenance of fetal heath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Luiz Cordioli
- Corresponding author: Ricardo Luiz Cordioli, Unidade de Terapia
Intensiva do Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Avenida Albert Einstein, 627/701,
5º Andar - Morumbi, Zip code: 05652-900 - São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
E-mail:
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23
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Abstract
Investigations into how perinatal growth and intrauterine environment may 'programme' risk of later cardiovascular disease have been ongoing for over two decades. One of the more recent outcomes of these studies is the observation that certain pregnancy-related conditions, such as preterm birth, have an unusually large impact on the long-term cardiovascular health of the offspring. In the present paper, we review the current literature of how preterm birth affects the long-term cardiovascular structure and function of the offspring, considering three major areas of investigation: firstly, outlining the long-term cardiovascular phenotypic changes in preterm-born individuals; secondly, investigating factors related to preterm birth that may be modifying cardiovascular phenotype, such as preeclampsia, perinatal interventions, and physiological disturbances; and thirdly, the expected clinical relevance of these cardiovascular changes. This review discusses the importance of continued research focused on the mechanistic understanding of these cardiovascular alterations in order to develop specific primary prevention strategies.
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24
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Nail-Barthelemy R, Burin des Roziers B, Daoud G, Cartier S. [Breast reconstruction for gigantomastia complicating pregnancy. A case report]. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2014; 60:330-5. [PMID: 25236975 DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The authors report a very rare case of gestational gigantomastia and the pregnancy could be carried out in term. The patient has been operated of bilateral mastectomy with immediate reconstruction. Surgery is the only radical treatment. Mastectomy with secondary reconstruction is reserved to cases where the intervention must be fast. Mastectomy with immediate reconstruction is the advised intervention if there is a later desire of pregnancy. Mammary reduction is more aesthetic, and allows only one intervention, but exposes to an important risk of recurrence and is not recommended if there is a later desire of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nail-Barthelemy
- Service de chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique, chirurgie maxillo-faciale et stomatologie, centre hospitalier de Gonesse, 25, rue Pierre-de-Theilley, BP 30071, 95500 Gonesse cedex, France.
| | - B Burin des Roziers
- Service de chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique, chirurgie maxillo-faciale et stomatologie, centre hospitalier de Gonesse, 25, rue Pierre-de-Theilley, BP 30071, 95500 Gonesse cedex, France
| | - G Daoud
- Service de chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique, chirurgie maxillo-faciale et stomatologie, centre hospitalier de Gonesse, 25, rue Pierre-de-Theilley, BP 30071, 95500 Gonesse cedex, France
| | - S Cartier
- Service de chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique, chirurgie maxillo-faciale et stomatologie, centre hospitalier de Gonesse, 25, rue Pierre-de-Theilley, BP 30071, 95500 Gonesse cedex, France
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25
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Chouridou E, Lambropoulou M, Koureta M, Balgouranidou I, Nena E, Simopoulou M, Papadopoulos N, Kortsaris A, Chatzaki E. A complete corticotropin releasing factor system localized in human fetal lung. Hormones (Athens) 2014; 13:229-43. [PMID: 24776623 DOI: 10.1007/bf03401337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) system (neuropeptides CRF, Ucn I, II, III and binding sites CRFR1, CRFR2, CRF-BP) is responsible for stress regulation and the homeostasis of an organism. Herein we study the CRF system in human normal and pathological fetal lungs. DESIGN Lung tissues from 46 archival human fetuses were divided into Group A (normal), Group B (chromosomal abnormalities) and Group C (congenital disorders). Presence of elements of the CRF system was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and was correlated to pathology, lung developmental stage and clinicopathological characteristics. RESULTS Immunoreactivity for all antigens was found in both epithelial and mesenchymal lung cells of the bronchi and alveoli. Ucn I and CRFR1 were more frequently present in Group A. Ucns were more frequently localized at the pseudoglandular stage. There was a positive correlation between the presence of the CRF neuropeptides and between CRFR1 and CRF. Two fetuses with lung malformations showed low or no detectable presence of the CRF system. CONCLUSIONS We report the presence of a complete CRF system in human fetal lungs correlating its developmental stage and several pathologies. Our results are in agreement with findings in experimental animal models, implicating the CRF system in fetal lung development, its action being more significant in the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efterpi Chouridou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis; Greece
| | - Maria Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine; Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis; Greece
| | - Maria Koureta
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis; Greece
| | - Ioanna Balgouranidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis; Greece
| | - Evangelia Nena
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Medicine; Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis; Greece
| | - Maria Simopoulou
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kapodistriako University of Athens; Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine; Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis; Greece
| | - Alexandros Kortsaris
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis; Greece
| | - Ekaterini Chatzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis; Greece
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26
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Corvaglia L, Fantini MP, Aceti A, Gibertoni D, Rucci P, Baronciani D, Faldella G. Predictors of full enteral feeding achievement in very low birth weight infants. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92235. [PMID: 24647523 PMCID: PMC3960219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To elucidate the role of prenatal, neonatal and early postnatal variables in influencing the achievement of full enteral feeding (FEF) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and to determine whether neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) differ in this outcome. METHODS Population-based retrospective cohort study using data on 1,864 VLBW infants drawn from the "Emilia-Romagna Perinatal Network" Registry from 2004 to 2009. The outcome of interest was time to FEF achievement. Eleven prenatal, neonatal and early postnatal variables and the study NICUs were selected as potential predictors of time to FEF. Parametric survival analysis was used to model time to FEF as a function of the predictors. Marginal effects were used to obtain adjusted estimates of median time to FEF for specific subgroups of infants. RESULTS Lower gestational age, exclusive formula feeding, higher CRIB II score, maternal hypertension, cesarean delivery, SGA and PDA predicted delayed FEF. NICUs proved to be heterogeneous in terms of FEF achievement. Newborns with PDA had a 4.2 days longer predicted median time to FEF compared to those without PDA; newborns exclusively formula-fed had a 1.4 days longer time to FEF compared to those fed human milk. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study suggest that time to FEF is influenced by clinical variables and NICU-specific practices. Knowledge of the variables associated with delayed/earlier FEF achievement could help in improving specific aspects of routine clinical management of VLBW infants and to reduce practice variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Corvaglia
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Fantini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Aceti
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dino Gibertoni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Rucci
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dante Baronciani
- Servizio Presidi Ospedalieri, Direzione Generale Sanità e Politiche Sociali, Regione Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Faldella
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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27
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Zambrano E, Guzmán C, Rodríguez-González GL, Durand-Carbajal M, Nathanielsz PW. Fetal programming of sexual development and reproductive function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:538-549. [PMID: 24045010 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The recent growth of interest in developmental programming of physiological systems has generally focused on the cardiovascular system (especially hypertension) and predisposition to metabolic dysfunction (mainly obesity and diabetes). However, it is now clear that the full range of altered offspring phenotypes includes impaired reproductive function. In rats, sheep and nonhuman primates, reproductive capacity is altered by challenges experienced during critical periods of development. This review will examine available experimental evidence across commonly studied experimental species for developmental programming of female and male reproductive function throughout an individual's life-course. It is necessary to consider events that occur during fetal development, early neonatal life and prior to and during puberty, during active reproductive life and aging as reproductive performance declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México.
| | - Carolina Guzmán
- HIPAM, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Hospital General de México, México
| | - Guadalupe L Rodríguez-González
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México
| | - Marta Durand-Carbajal
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics, University of Texas Health Sciences Center San Antonio, TX, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This overview highlights recent experimental and epidemiological evidence for the programming effects of outdoor air pollution exposures during early development on lung function and chronic respiratory disorders, such as asthma and related allergic disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Air pollutants may impact anatomy and/or physiological functioning of the lung and interrelated systems. Programming effects may result from pollutant-induced shifts in a number of molecular, cellular, and physiological states and their interacting systems. Specific key regulatory systems susceptible to programming may influence lung development and vulnerability to respiratory diseases, including both central and peripheral components of neuroendocrine pathways and autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning which, in turn, influence the immune system. Starting in utero, environmental factors, including air pollutants, may permanently organize these systems toward trajectories of enhanced pediatric (e.g., asthma, allergy) as well as adult disease risk (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Evidence supports a central role of oxidative stress in the toxic effects of air pollution. Additional research suggests xenobiotic metabolism and subcellular components, such as mitochondria are targets of ambient air pollution and play a role in asthma and allergy programming. Mechanisms operating at the level of the placenta are being elucidated. Epigenetic mechanisms may be at the roots of adaptive developmental programming. SUMMARY Optimal coordinated functioning of many complex processes and their networks of interaction are necessary for normal lung development and the maintenance of respiratory health. Outdoor air pollution may play an important role in early programming of respiratory health and is potentially amenable to intervention.
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Lapid O. Breast reconstruction after mastectomy for gestational gigantomastia. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2013; 37:388-91. [PMID: 23354767 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-012-0054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational gigantomastia (GGM) is a rare complication of pregnancy. Management usually is initiated with bromocriptine. If this is unsuccessful, surgery may be required. The surgical management may be by breast reduction or by mastectomy and delayed reconstruction. CASE A 24-year-old woman (G1P0) presented at 24 weeks gestation with massive hypertrophy of her breasts. A decision to operate was made by a multidisciplinary team. At 30 weeks gestation, bilateral mastectomies were performed, with removal of more than 8 kg per side. Reconstruction was started 10 months after delivery using tissue expanders followed by definitive implants. CONCLUSION GGM can be successfully reconstructed. Knowledge of the treatment process and the expected outcomes can help clinicians inform their patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Lapid
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Postbus 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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