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Hon JX, Wahab NA, Karim AKA, Mokhtar NM, Mokhtar MH. Exploring the Role of MicroRNAs in Progesterone and Estrogen Receptor Expression in Endometriosis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:2218. [PMID: 39457531 PMCID: PMC11504708 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Patients with endometriosis still respond poorly to progestins due to progesterone resistance associated with microRNAs (miRNAs). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of selected miRNAs, estrogen receptor (ER)α, ERβ, progesterone receptor (PR)-A and PR-B and to determine the target genes of upregulated miRNAs in endometriosis. Methods: In this study, 18 controls, 18 eutopic and 18 ectopic samples were analysed. Profiling and validation of miRNAs associated with functions of endometriosis were performed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and qRT-PCR. At the same time, the expression of ERα, ERβ, PR-A and PR-B was also determined using qRT-PCR. Target prediction was also performed for miR-199a-3p, miR-1-3p and miR-125b-5p using StarBase. Results: In this study, NGS identified seven significantly differentially expressed miRNAs, of which six miRNAs related to the role of endometriosis were selected for validation by qRT-PCR. The expression of miR-199a-3p, miR-1-3p, miR-146a-5p and miR-125b-5p was upregulated in the ectopic group compared to the eutopic group. Meanwhile, ERα and ERβ were significantly differentially expressed in endometriosis compared to the control group. However, the expressions of PR-A and PR-B showed no significant differences between the groups. The predicted target genes for miR-199a-3p, miR-1-3p and miR-125b-5p are SCD, TAOK1, DDIT4, LASP1, CDK6, TAGLN2, G6PD and ELOVL6. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that the expressions of ERα and ERβ might be regulated by miRNAs contributing to progesterone resistance, whereas the binding of miRNAs to target genes could also contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Therefore, miRNAs could be used as potential biomarkers and for targeted therapy in patients with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xian Hon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (J.-X.H.)
| | - Norhazlina Abdul Wahab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (J.-X.H.)
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Kadir Abdul Karim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Norfilza Mohd Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (J.-X.H.)
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Helmy Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (J.-X.H.)
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Duval C, Wyse BA, Tsang BK, Librach CL. Extracellular vesicles and their content in the context of polycystic ovarian syndrome and endometriosis: a review. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:160. [PMID: 39103867 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particles enriched in bioactive molecules like proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, are crucial mediators of intercellular communication and play key roles in various physiological and pathological processes. EVs have been shown to be involved in ovarian follicular function and to be altered in two prevalent gynecological disorders; polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis.Ovarian follicles are complex microenvironments where folliculogenesis takes place with well-orchestrated interactions between granulosa cells, oocytes, and their surrounding stromal cells. Recent research unveiled the presence of EVs, including exosomes and microvesicles, in the follicular fluid (FFEVs), which constitutes part of the developing oocyte's microenvironment. In the context of PCOS, a multifaceted endocrine, reproductive, and metabolic disorder, studies have explored the dysregulation of these FFEVs and their cargo. Nine PCOS studies were included in this review and two miRNAs were commonly reported in two different studies, miR-379 and miR-200, both known to play a role in female reproduction. Studies have also demonstrated the potential use of EVs as diagnostic tools and treatment options.Endometriosis, another prevalent gynecological disorder characterized by ectopic growth of endometrial-like tissue, has also been linked to aberrant EV signaling. EVs in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis carry molecules that modulate the immune response and promote the establishment and maintenance of endometriosis lesions. EVs derived from endometriosis lesions, serum and peritoneal fluid obtained from patients with endometriosis showed no commonly reported biomolecules between the eleven reviewed studies. Importantly, circulating EVs have been shown to be potential biomarkers, also reflecting the severity of the pathology.Understanding the interplay of EVs within human ovarian follicles may provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of both PCOS and endometriosis. Targeting EV-mediated communication may open avenues for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for these common gynecological disorders. More research is essential to unravel the mechanisms underlying EV involvement in folliculogenesis and its dysregulation in PCOS and endometriosis, ultimately leading to more effective and personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyntia Duval
- CReATe Fertility Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Benjamin K Tsang
- Inflammation and Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Clifford L Librach
- CReATe Fertility Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Wang L, Huang Q, Li H, Li H, Wang X, Tan X. Mechanism of LncRNA FTX regulates nephroblastoma progression through MiR-215-5p/PI3K/AKT axis. J Pediatr Urol 2024; 20:491.e1-491.e8. [PMID: 38365477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephroblastoma, also more commonly known as Wilms tumor (WT), is a common childhood malignancy that connects tumorigenesis and organ development in the kidney. OBJECTIVE The current study focused on the effect of lncRNA FTX in nephroblastoma. STUDY DESIGN Expression of lncRNA FTX in nephroblastoma tissues and cells was determined. The expression location of lncRNA FTX was detected by FISH. The binding of lncRNA FTX and miR-215-5p with Ago2 was verified by RIP. Following gain- and loss-of-function approaches, the crucial role of lncRNA FTX and miR-215-5p in nephroblastoma cell functions was measured with the involvement of the PI3K/AKT pathway. RESULTS LncRNA FTX was elevated and miR-215-5p was declined in nephroblastoma. Silencing of lncRNA FTX or mimic of miR-215-5p inhibited the malignant properties of nephroblastoma cells. LncRNA FTX was localized in the cytoplasm and might bind miR-215-5p. LncRNA FTX promoted the malignant features of nephroblastoma cells by inhibiting miR-215-5p through activating of the PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS LncRNA FTX is capable of accelerating nephroblastoma development in vitro by reducing miR-215-5p through activating of the PI3K/AKT pathway, indicating LncRNA FTX may possibly a future target for the diagnosis and treatment of nephroblastoma. SUMMARY FIGURE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Pediatric Department of The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Xiangya, School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China
| | - Qin Huang
- Pediatric Department of The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Xiangya, School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Pediatric Department of The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Xiangya, School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China
| | - Haisha Li
- Pediatric Department of The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Xiangya, School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China
| | - Xiangyun Wang
- Pediatric Department of The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Xiangya, School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China.
| | - Xin Tan
- Pediatric Department of The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Xiangya, School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China.
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Paterson ESJ, Scheck S, McDowell S, Bedford N, Girling JE, Henry CE. Comparison of cervicovaginal fluid extracellular vesicles isolated from paired cervical brushes and vaginal swabs. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e153. [PMID: 38939571 PMCID: PMC11080783 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynaecological condition, with a long diagnostic delay. Surgery is required to confirm a diagnosis, highlighting the need for a non-invasive biomarker. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may have a role in endometriosis pathogenesis, yet there is limited EV biomarker literature available. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of isolating cervico-vaginal fluid EVs sampled using cervical brushes and vaginal swabs and to compare these methods. After providing informed consent, patients undergoing surgery for suspected endometriosis had cervical brush and vaginal swab samples collected under general anaesthetic. Isolated EVs were characterised through negative stain transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Western blotting (TSG101, CD63, Calnexin, ApoB, Albumin), tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS), microBCA assays and RT-qPCR of miRNAs. PCR was performed on samples prior to EV isolation to assess bacteria present in samples. Cervical brush and vaginal swab EVs were intact vesicles with limited co-isolated contaminants. Cervical brushes had higher concentrations of particles compared to match vaginal swabs, although both samples had low concentrations. Protein and miRNA yield were similar between matched samples. PCR demonstrated only a small amount DNA within samples was bacterial (>0.5%). Cervico-vaginal fluids EVs were successfully isolated from cervical brushes and vaginal swabs, demonstrating a new method of sampling reproductive EVs. EV yield from both sample types was low. Similar protein and miRNA levels suggest either sampling method may be suitable for biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Scheck
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's HealthUniversity of OtagoWellington, AotearoaNew Zealand
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyWellington Hospital, Te Whatu Ora ‐ Capital, Coast and Hutt ValleyWellington, AotearoaNew Zealand
| | - Simon McDowell
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyWellington Hospital, Te Whatu Ora ‐ Capital, Coast and Hutt ValleyWellington, AotearoaNew Zealand
| | - Nick Bedford
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyWellington Hospital, Te Whatu Ora ‐ Capital, Coast and Hutt ValleyWellington, AotearoaNew Zealand
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Chettiar V, Patel A, Chettiar SS, Jhala DD. Meta-analysis of endometrial transcriptome data reveals novel molecular targets for recurrent implantation failure. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:1417-1431. [PMID: 38456991 PMCID: PMC11143096 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Gene expression analysis of the endometrium has been shown to be a useful approach for identifying the molecular signatures and pathways involved in recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Nevertheless, individual studies have limitations in terms of study design, methodology and analysis to detect minor changes in expression levels or identify novel gene signatures associated with RIF. METHOD To overcome this, we conducted an in silico meta-analysis of nine studies, the systematic collection and integration of gene expression data, utilizing rigorous selection criteria and statistical techniques to ensure the robustness of our findings. RESULTS Our meta-analysis successfully unveiled a meta-signature of 49 genes closely associated with RIF. Of these genes, 38 were upregulated and 11 downregulated in RIF patients' endometrium and believed to participate in key processes like cell differentiation, communication, and adhesion. GADD45A, IGF2, and LIF, known for their roles in implantation, were identified, along with lesser-studied genes like OPRK1, PSIP1, SMCHD1, and SOD2 related to female infertility. Many of these genes are involved in MAPK and PI3K-Akt pathways, indicating their role in inflammation. We also investigated to look for key miRNAs regulating these 49 dysregulated mRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers. Along with this, we went to associate protein-protein interactions of 49 genes, and we could recognize one cluster consisting of 11 genes (consisted of 22 nodes and 11 edges) with the highest score (p = 0.001). Finally, we validated some of the genes by qRT-PCR in our samples. CONCLUSION In summary, the meta-signature genes hold promise for improving RIF patient identification and facilitating the development of personalized treatment strategies, illuminating the multifaceted nature of this complex condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatlaxmi Chettiar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Alpesh Patel
- GeneXplore Diagnostics and Research Centre PVT. LTD., Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Devendrasinh D Jhala
- Department of Zoology, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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Brady P, Yousif A, Sasamoto N, Vitonis AF, Fendler W, Stawiski K, Hornstein MD, Terry KL, Elias KM, Missmer SA, Shafrir AL. Plasma microRNA expression in adolescents and young adults with endometriosis: the importance of hormone use. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2024; 6:1360417. [PMID: 38665804 PMCID: PMC11043576 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2024.1360417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prior studies have investigated the diagnostic potential of microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles for endometriosis. However, the vast majority of previous studies have only included adult women. Therefore, we sought to investigate differential expression of miRNAs among adolescents and young adults with endometriosis. Methods The Women's Health Study: from Adolescence to Adulthood (A2A) is an ongoing WERF EPHect compliant longitudinal cohort. Our analysis included 64 patients with surgically-confirmed endometriosis (96% rASRM stage I/II) and 118 females never diagnosed with endometriosis frequency matched on age (median = 21 years) and hormone use at blood draw. MicroRNA measurement was separated into discovery (10 cases and 10 controls) and internal replication (54 cases and 108 controls) phases. The levels of 754 plasma miRNAs were assayed in the discovery phase using PCR with rigorous internal control measures, with the relative expression of miRNA among cases vs. controls calculated using the 2-ΔΔCt method. miRNAs that were significant in univariate analyses stratified by hormone use were included in the internal replication phase. The internal replication phase was split 2:1 into a training and testing set and utilized FirePlex miRNA assay to assess 63 miRNAs in neural network analyses. The testing set of the validation phase was utilized to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) of the best fit models from the training set including hormone use as a covariate. Results In the discovery phase, 49 miRNAs were differentially expressed between endometriosis cases and controls. The associations of the 49 miRNAs differed by hormone use at the time of blood draw. Neural network analysis in the testing set of the internal replication phase determined a final model comprising 5 miRNAs (miR-542-3p, let-7b-3p, miR-548i, miR-769-5p, miR-30c-1-3p), yielding AUC = 0.77 (95% CI: 0.67-0.87, p < 0.001). Sensitivity in the testing dataset improved (83.3% vs. 72.2%) while the specificity decreased (58.3% vs. 72.2%) compared to the training set. Conclusion The results suggest that miR-542-3p, let-7b-3p, miR-548i, miR-769-5p, miR-30c-1-3p may be dysregulated among adolescent and young adults with endometriosis. Hormone use was a significant modifier of miRNA dysregulation and should be considered rigorously in miRNA diagnostic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Brady
- Columbia University Fertility Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Abdelrahman Yousif
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Naoko Sasamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children’s Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Allison F. Vitonis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children’s Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Konrad Stawiski
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Mark D. Hornstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children’s Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kathryn L. Terry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children’s Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kevin M. Elias
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stacey A. Missmer
- Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children’s Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Amy L. Shafrir
- Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children’s Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Nutrition & Public Health, School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, United States
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Gibbons T, Rahmioglu N, Zondervan KT, Becker CM. Crimson clues: advancing endometriosis detection and management with novel blood biomarkers. Fertil Steril 2024; 121:145-163. [PMID: 38309818 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an inflammatory condition affecting approximately 10% of the female-born population. Despite its prevalence, the lack of noninvasive biomarkers has contributed to an established global diagnostic delay. The intricate pathophysiology of this enigmatic disease may leave signatures in the blood, which, when detected, can be used as noninvasive biomarkers. This review provides an update on how investigators are utilizing the established disease pathways and innovative methodologies, including genome-wide association studies, next-generation sequencing, and machine learning, to unravel the clues left in the blood to develop blood biomarkers. Many blood biomarkers show promise in the discovery phase, but because of a lack of standardized and robust methodologies, they rarely progress to the development stages. However, we are now seeing biomarkers being validated with high diagnostic accuracy and improvements in standardization protocols, providing promise for the future of endometriosis blood biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Gibbons
- Oxford Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Nilufer Rahmioglu
- Oxford Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Krina T Zondervan
- Oxford Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christian M Becker
- Oxford Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Keyvani V, Ghale-Noie ZN, Mollazadeh S, Mahmoudian RA, Ghorbani E, Naderi H, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM, Ferns GA, Avan A, Anvari K. Recent Progress in the Application of Exosome Analysis in Ovarian Cancer Management. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:920-929. [PMID: 38284712 DOI: 10.2174/0115680096281906231213055422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are very small (nano-sized) vesicles participating in tumor development by involvement in intercellular communication mediated by transferring biocomponents. Exosomes appear to play vital roles in various cancer development, such as ovarian cancer, a common malignancy in women. Several hallmarks of ovarian cancer are reported to be affected by the exosomemediated cellular cross-talk, including modulating peritoneal dissemination and chemoresistance. Since the expression of some biomolecules, such as miRNAs and mRNA, is changed in ovarian cancer, these exo-biomolecules can be applied as prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers. Also, the selective loading of specific chemotherapeutic agents into exosomes highlights these biocarries as potential delivery devices. Exosomes could be artificially provided and engineered to better target the site of interest in ovarian cancer. In the present review, we summarize the notable achievement of exosome application in ovarian cancer management to gain applicable transitional insight against this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Keyvani
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zari Naderi Ghale-Noie
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mollazadeh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Alsadat Mahmoudian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Ghorbani
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Hamid Naderi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, 4059, Australia
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Kazem Anvari
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Liu L, Guo J, Gao W, Gao M, Ma X. Research progress in the role of non-coding RNAs and embryo implantation. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:1377-1387. [PMID: 38044649 PMCID: PMC10929864 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) refers to RNA that lack the ability to encode protein. Based on their distinct biological characteristics, ncRNA are mainly classified into microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). NcRNA plays a crucial regulatory role in various biological processes. Pregnancy is a highly intricate physiological process that requires successful completion of multiple steps. Embryo implantation, as a key event of pregnancy, which is regulated by numerous factors, including embryo development, endometrial changes, and the maternal-embryo crosstalk. A diverse array of regulatory mechanisms ensures the accomplishment of embryo localization, adhesion, invasion, and ultimately successful implantation. MiRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA are extensively studied ncRNA molecules at present, which play an important role in the physiological and pathological processes associated with embryo implantation through targeting and regulating the expression of multiple cytokine and genes. With advancements in molecular biology technology, it is anticipated that ncRNA will contribute to the prediction and enhancement of clinical pregnancy outcomes from a molecular perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Reproductive Center, First Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000.
| | - Jiayi Guo
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Tongji Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280
| | - Wenxin Gao
- Reproductive Center, First Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000
| | - Mengmeng Gao
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Reproductive Center, First Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000.
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Nazri HM, Greaves E, Quenby S, Dragovic R, Tapmeier TT, Becker CM. The role of small extracellular vesicle-miRNAs in endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:2296-2311. [PMID: 37877421 PMCID: PMC10694411 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is defined by the presence of extrauterine endometrial-like tissue, which can cause pain and infertility in 10% of reproductive-age women. To date, the pathogenesis is poorly understood resulting in significant diagnostic delays and poor therapeutic outcomes in many women. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) (<200 nm) are cell-derived vesicles containing molecules that can influence gene expression and behaviour in target cells. One such cargo are microRNAs (miRNAs), which are short, non-coding RNAs mostly 19-25 nucleotides in length that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression. This mini-review focuses on the role of sEV-miRNAs, which are conceivably better biomarkers for endometriosis than free miRNAs, which reflect the true pathophysiological state in the body, as sEV-encapsulated miRNAs are protected from degradation compared to free miRNA and provide direct cell-to-cell communication via sEV surface proteins. sEV-miRNAs have been implicated in the immunomodulation of macrophages, the proliferation, migration and invasion of endometrial cells, and angiogenesis, all hallmarks of endometriosis. The diagnostic potential of sEV-miRNA was investigated in one study that reported the sensitivity and specificity of two sEV-miRNAs (hsa-miR-22-3p and hsa-miR-320a-3p) in distinguishing endometriosis from non-endometriosis cases. Only three studies have explored the therapeutic potential of sEV-miRNAs in vivo in mice-two looked into the role of sEV-hsa-miR-214-3p in decreasing fibrosis, and one investigated sEV-hsa-miR-30c-5p in suppressing the invasive and migratory potential of endometriotic lesions. While early results are encouraging, studies need to further address the potential influence of factors such as the menstrual cycle as well as the location and extent of endometriotic lesions on miRNA expression in sEVs. Given these findings, and extrapolating from other conditions such as cancer, diabetes, and pre-eclampsia, sEV-miRNAs could present an attractive and urgently needed future diagnostic and therapeutic target for millions of women suffering from endometriosis. However, research in this area is hampered by lack of adherence to the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles 2018 guideline in separating and characterising sEVs, as well as the World Endometriosis Research Foundation Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonisation Project protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Nazri
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Erin Greaves
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Siobhan Quenby
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Rebecca Dragovic
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, Endometriosis CaRe Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas T Tapmeier
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, Endometriosis CaRe Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian M Becker
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, Endometriosis CaRe Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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11
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Soltani-Fard E, Asadi M, Taghvimi S, Vafadar A, Vosough P, Tajbakhsh A, Savardashtaki A. Exosomal microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs: as novel biomarkers for endometriosis. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:55-74. [PMID: 37480408 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecological inflammatory disorder characterized by the development of endometrial-like cells outside the uterine cavity. This disease is associated with a wide range of clinical presentations, such as debilitating pelvic pain and infertility issues. Endometriosis diagnosis is not easily discovered by ultrasound or clinical examination. Indeed, difficulties in noninvasive endometriosis diagnosis delay the confirmation and management of the disorder, increase symptoms, and place a significant medical and financial burden on patients. So, identifying specific and sensitive biomarkers for this disease should therefore be a top goal. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by most cell types. They transport between cells' bioactive molecules such as noncoding RNAs and proteins. MicroRNAs and long noncoding RNAs which are key molecules transferred by exosomes have recently been identified to have a significant role in endometriosis by modulating different proteins and their related genes. As a result, the current review focuses on exosomal micro-and-long noncoding RNAs that are involved in endometriosis disease. Furthermore, major molecular mechanisms linking corresponding RNA molecules to endometriosis development will be briefly discussed to better clarify the potential functions of exosomal noncoding RNAs in the therapy and diagnosis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Soltani-Fard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Marzieh Asadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and, Technologies, Shiraz University of, Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71362 81407, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Taghvimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Asma Vafadar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and, Technologies, Shiraz University of, Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71362 81407, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parisa Vosough
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and, Technologies, Shiraz University of, Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71362 81407, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and, Technologies, Shiraz University of, Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71362 81407, Iran.
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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12
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Gao X, Gao H, Shao W, Wang J, Li M, Liu S. The Extracellular Vesicle-Macrophage Regulatory Axis: A Novel Pathogenesis for Endometriosis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1376. [PMID: 37759776 PMCID: PMC10527545 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis (EMs) is a common disease among women whose pathogenesis is still unclear, although there are various hypotheses. Recent studies have considered macrophages the key part of the immune system in developing EMs, inducing inflammation, the growth and invasion of the ectopic endometrium, and angiogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) as novel intercellular vesicle traffic, can be secreted by many kinds of cells, including macrophages. By carrying long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), or other molecules, EVs can regulate the biological functions of macrophages in an autocrine and paracrine manner, including ectopic lesion growth, immune dysfunction, angiogenesis, and can further accelerate the progression of EMs. In this review, the interactions between macrophages and EVs for the pathogenesis of EMs are summarized. Notably, the regulatory pathways and molecular mechanisms of EVs secreted by macrophages during EMs are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (X.G.); (H.G.); (W.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (X.G.); (H.G.); (W.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Wei Shao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (X.G.); (H.G.); (W.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (X.G.); (H.G.); (W.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Mingqing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Songping Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (X.G.); (H.G.); (W.S.); (J.W.)
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13
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Pant A, Moar K, K Arora T, Maurya PK. Biomarkers of endometriosis. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 549:117563. [PMID: 37739024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is one of the most severe female reproductive disorders, affecting 6-10% of women between 18 and 35. It is a gynaecological condition where endometrial tissue develops and settles outside the uterus. The aetiology of endometriosis is primarily influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and non-genetic variables, making it highly challenging to create a therapeutic therapy explicitly targeting the ectopic tissue. The delay in the treatment is due to the limitations in the diagnostic approaches, which are restricted to invasive techniques such as laparoscopy or laparotomy. This accords to 70% of the women being diagnosed at later stages. By understanding the subject, several treatment medications have been produced to lessen the disease's symptoms. Nevertheless, endometriosis cannot be permanently cured. A viable or persuasive standard screening test for endometriosis must be utilized in a clinical context. A helpful assessment method for the early identification of endometriosis could be biomarkers. A major research priority is the identification of a biomarker that is sensitive and specific enough for detecting endometriosis. The present article has reviewed studies published on the expression of biomarkers of endometriosis. It outlines various biomarkers from different sample types, such as serum/plasma and urine, in addition to tissue. This would provide a non-invasive approach to diagnosing the disease at the initial stages without any harmful repercussions. Future high-throughput advances in science and technology are anticipated to result in the creation of a potent remedy for endometriosis. To achieve successful outcomes, it is necessary to research the discussed biomarkers that demonstrate substantial results extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Pant
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Kareena Moar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India
| | - Taruna K Arora
- Reproductive Biology and Maternal Child Health Division, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, India.
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14
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Cheng WX, Wei SB, Zhou Y, Shao Y, Li MY. Exosomes: potential diagnostic markers and drug carriers for adenomyosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1216149. [PMID: 37680720 PMCID: PMC10482052 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1216149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenomyosis is a common benign gynecological disorder and an important factor leading to infertility in fertile women. Adenomyosis can cause deep lesions and is persistent and refractory in nature due to its tumor-like biological characteristics, such as the ability to implant, adhere, and invade. The pathogenesis of adenomyosis is currently unclear. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are urgently required. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by cells that carry proteins, genetic materials and other biologically active components. Exosomes play an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and regulating immune responses and metabolism. A growing body of work has shown that exosomes and their contents are key to the development and progression of adenomyosis. This review discusses the current research progress, future prospects and challenges in this emerging therapeutic tool by providing an overview of the changes in the adenomyosis uterine microenvironment and the biogenesis and functions of exosomes, with particular emphasis on the role of exosomes and their contents in the regulation of cell migration, proliferation, fibrosis formation, neovascularization, and inflammatory responses in adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiu Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shao-Bin Wei
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Trauma Center, Rizhao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Shao
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mao-Ya Li
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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15
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Abbaszadeh M, Karimi M, Rajaei S. The landscape of non-coding RNAs in the immunopathogenesis of Endometriosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1223828. [PMID: 37675122 PMCID: PMC10477370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a complex disorder that is characterized by the abnormal growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. It is associated with chronic inflammation, severe pelvic pain, infertility, and significantly reduced quality of life. Although the exact mechanism of endometriosis remains unknown, inflammation and altered immunity are considered key factors in the immunopathogenesis of the disorder. Disturbances of immune responses result in reduced clearance of regurgitated endometrial cells, which elicits oxidative stress and progression of inflammation. Proinflammatory mediators could affect immune cells' recruitment, fate, and function. Reciprocally, the activation of immune cells can promote inflammation. Aberrant expression of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in patient and animal lesions could be suggestive of their role in endometriosis establishment. The engagement of these RNAs in regulating diverse biological processes, including inflammatory responses and activation of inflammasomes, altered immunity, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis are widespread and far-reaching. Therefore, ncRNAs can be identified as a determining candidate regulating the inflammatory responses and immune system. This review aims in addition to predict the role of ncRNAs in the immunopathogenesis of endometriosis through regulating inflammation and altered immunity based on previous studies, it presents a comprehensive view of inflammation role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samira Rajaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Guo XR, Ma Y, Ma ZM, Dai TS, Wei SH, Chu YK, Dan XG. Exosomes: The role in mammalian reproductive regulation and pregnancy-related diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1056905. [PMID: 36969587 PMCID: PMC10036776 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1056905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a kind of extracellular vesicles that are produced and secreted by different mammalian cells. They serve as cargo proteins and can transfer different kinds of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which consequently act on target cells to exert different biological effects. Recent years have witnessed a significant increase in the number of studies on exosomes due to the potential effects of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and immune disorders. Previous studies have demonstrated that exosomal contents, especially miRNAs, are implicated in numerous physiological processes such as reproduction, and are crucial regulators of mammalian reproduction and pregnancy-related diseases. Here, we describe the origin, composition, and intercellular communication of exosomes, and discuss their functions in follicular development, early embryonic development, embryonic implantation, male reproduction and development of pregnancy-related diseases in humans and animals. We believe this study will provide a foundation for revealing the mechanism of exosomes in regulating mammalian reproduction, and providing new approaches and ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Ru Guo
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yun Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Zi-Ming Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Tian-Shu Dai
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Shi-Hao Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yuan-Kui Chu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan-Kui Chu, ; Xin-Gang Dan,
| | - Xin-Gang Dan
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan-Kui Chu, ; Xin-Gang Dan,
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17
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Isothermal exponential amplification reactions triggered by circular templates (cEXPAR) targeting miRNA. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3653-3659. [PMID: 36807240 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isothermal exponential amplification reaction (EXPAR) is an emerging amplification technique that is most frequently used to amplify microRNA (miRNA). However, EXPAR also exhibits non-specific background amplification in the absence of the targeted sequence, which limits the attainable assay sensitivity of EXPAR. METHODS AND RESULTS A novel modified isothermal EXPAR based on circular amplification templates (cEXPAR) was developed in this study. The circular template consists of two same linear fragments that complement the target sequence, and these two linear fragments are separated by two nicking agent recognition sequences (NARS). Compared with the linear structure template, this circular template allows DNA or RNA fragments to be randomly paired with two repeated sequences and can be successfully amplified. This reaction system developed in this study could rapidly synthesize short oligonucleotide fragments (12-22 bp) through simultaneous nicking and displacement reactions. Highly sensitive chain reactions can be specifically triggered by as low as a single copy of target molecule, and non-specific amplification can be effectively eliminated in this optimized system. Moreover, the proposed approach applied to miRNA test can discriminate single-nucleotide variations between miRNAs. CONCLUSION The newly developed cEXPAR assay provides a useful alternative tool for rapid, sensitive, and highly specific detection of miRNAs.
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18
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Gong X, Chi H, Strohmer DF, Teichmann AT, Xia Z, Wang Q. Exosomes: A potential tool for immunotherapy of ovarian cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1089410. [PMID: 36741380 PMCID: PMC9889675 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1089410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor of the female reproductive system, with a very poor prognosis and high mortality rates. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the most common treatments for ovarian cancer, with unsatisfactory results. Exosomes are a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles, which have a diameter of approximately 30-100 nm and are secreted by many different types of cells in various body fluids. Exosomes are highly stable and are effective carriers of immunotherapeutic drugs. Recent studies have shown that exosomes are involved in various cellular responses in the tumor microenvironment, influencing the development and therapeutic efficacy of ovarian cancer, and exhibiting dual roles in inhibiting and promoting tumor development. Exosomes also contain a variety of genes related to ovarian cancer immunotherapy that could be potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Undoubtedly, exosomes have great therapeutic potential in the field of ovarian cancer immunotherapy. However, translation of this idea to the clinic has not occurred. Therefore, it is important to understand how exosomes could be used in ovarian cancer immunotherapy to regulate tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the biomarkers of exosomes in different body fluids related to immunotherapy in ovarian cancer and the potential mechanisms by which exosomes influence immunotherapeutic response. We also discuss the prospects for clinical application of exosome-based immunotherapy in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dorothee Franziska Strohmer
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Tobias Teichmann
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynecology and Breast Diseases (Gynecology), Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhijia Xia
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany,*Correspondence: Zhijia Xia, ; Qin Wang,
| | - Qin Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynecology and Breast Diseases (Gynecology), Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhijia Xia, ; Qin Wang,
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19
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Non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis: Immunologic and genetic markers. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 538:70-86. [PMID: 36375526 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis, a benign gynecologic and chronic inflammatory disease, is defined by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus characterized mainly by pelvic pain and infertility. Because endometriosis affects approximately 10% of females, it represents a significant socioeconomic burden worldwide having tremendous impact on daily quality of life. Accurate and prompt diagnosis is crucial for the management of this debilitating disorder. Unfortunately, diagnosis is typically delayed to lack of specific symptoms and readily accessible biomarkers. Although histopathologic examination remains the current gold standard, this approach is highly invasive and not applicable for early screening. Recent work has focused on the identification of reliable biomarkers including immunologic, ie, immune cells, antibodies and cytokines, as well as genetic and biochemical markers, ie, microRNAs, lncRNAs, circulating and mitochondrial nucleic acids, along with some hormones, glycoproteins and signaling molecules. Confirmatory research studies are, however, needed to more fully establish these markers in the diagnosis, progression and staging of these endometrial lesions.
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20
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Lin C, Zeng S, Li M. miR-424-5p combined with miR-17-5p has high diagnostic efficacy for endometriosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 307:169-177. [PMID: 35366691 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06492-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endometriosis (EMT) is a chronic benign disease with high prevalence. This study investigated the diagnostic value of serum miR-17-5p, miR-424-5p, and their combined expressions for EMT. METHODS Total 80 EMT patients of reproductive age who underwent laparoscopy or laparotomy and were confirmed by pathological examination were included as the study subjects, and another 80 healthy women of reproductive age receiving gynecological examination and ultrasonography with no pelvic abnormalities were selected as the control group. The whole blood samples of enrolled subjects were collected and clinical characteristics were recorded. The miR-17-5p, miR-424-5p, VEGFA, IL-4, and IL-6 levels in the serum were measured. ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of miR-17-5p and miR-424-5p expressions for EMT. Pearson correlation was performed to analyze the correlation of miR-17-5p and miR-424-5p with clinical indexes in EMT patients. RESULTS miR-17-5p and miR-424-5p were downregulated in EMT patients. For diagnosing EMT, the AUC of miR-17-5p was 0.865 and cutoff value was 0.890 (91.3% sensitivity and 85% specificity), the AUC of miR-424-5p was 0.737, and cutoff value was 0.915 (98.8% sensitivity and 61.2% specificity), and the AUC of miR-424-5p combined with miR-17-5p was 0.938 and cutoff value was 2.205 (93.8% sensitivity and 88.7% specificity), with the diagnostic efficacy higher than miR-424-5p or miR-17-5p alone. miR-17-5p and miR-424-5p expressions were negatively correlated with dysmenorrhea, infertility, pelvic pain, and rASRM stage, but not with age, BMI, menstrual disorder, and nulliparity. VEGFA, IL-4, IL-6, and CA-125 were increased in EMT patients and were inversely associated with miR-17-5p and miR-424-5p. CONCLUSION miR-424-5p combined with miR-17-5p has high diagnostic efficacy for EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Lin
- Department of Gynecology, Hunan Province Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 53 Xiangchun Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Saili Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of University of South China, 30 Jiefang Road, Shigu District, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China.
| | - Miaojie Li
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, 653100, Yunnan, China
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21
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Zhao W, Lei L, Chen R, Zhang Y, Chang L, Cheng J. The Association between Deoxyribonucleic Acid Hypermethylation in Intron VII and Human Leukocyte Antigen-C ∗07 Expression in Patients with Endometriosis. Int J Clin Pract 2023; 2023:2291156. [PMID: 36974156 PMCID: PMC10039806 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2291156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endometriosis, which is a common disease affecting approximately 10% of women of reproductive age, usually causes dysmenorrhea and infertility, thus seriously harming the patients' physical and mental health. However, there is a mean delay of 6.7 years between the onset of the symptoms and the surgical diagnosis of endometriosis. There is an increasing amount of evidence that suggests that epigenetic aberrations, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, play a definite role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. This study aimed to explore the noninvasive or minimally invasive biomarkers of this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six patients with surgically confirmed ovarian endometriosis and six patients who received IUD implantation for contraception without endometriosis were recruited in the East Hospital of Tongji University in 2018. The genome methylation profiling of the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of ovarian endometriosis patients and normal endometrial specimens from healthy women was determined using a methylation microarray test. The test screened methylation-differentiated 5'-C-phosphate-G-3' (CpG) sites and then located the target genes affected by these sites following sequence alignment. Then, an additional 22 patients and 26 healthy controls were enrolled to further verify the difference in the selected genes between endometriosis patients and healthy women. The differential DNA methylation of the selected genes was validated via direct bisulfite sequencing and analysis of their messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Fifteen differentially methylated CpG sites were found among the patients and healthy women, and five CpG sites were mapped to the introns of the human leukocyte antigen-C (HLA-C) gene; these were highly polymorphic between different HLA-C alleles and were HLA-C∗07 specific. The results indicated that the HLA-C∗07 carrier patients exhibited significantly higher DNA methylation levels at the intron VII of HLA-C compared to the HLA-C∗07 carrier healthy controls. High HLA-C∗07 mRNA levels were also observed using qRT-PCR with HLA-C∗07-specific primers, which indicated that the hypermethylation of CpG in intron VII might suppress a silencer that regulates HLA-C∗07 expressions. CONCLUSION Deoxyribonucleic acid hypermethylation in the intron VII of the HLA-C∗07 gene appears to regulate the expression of HLA-C∗07. The aberrant DNA methylation in this region was positively correlated with the occurrence of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Linlin Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jingxin Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
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22
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Scheck S, Paterson ESJ, Henry CE. A promising future for endometriosis diagnosis and therapy: extracellular vesicles - a systematic review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:174. [PMID: 36544197 PMCID: PMC9768904 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-01040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic, inflammatory gynaecological disease that can have severe negative impacts on quality of life and fertility, placing burden on patients and the healthcare system. Due to the heterogeneous nature of endometriosis, and the lack of correlation between symptom and surgical disease severity, diagnosis and treatment remain a significant clinical challenge. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are biologically active particles containing molecular cargo involved in intercellular communication, that can be exploited for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.We systematically reviewed studies exploring EVs and their role in endometriosis, specifically addressing diagnostic and therapeutic potential and current understanding of pathophysiology. Five databases (Pubmed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar) were searched for keywords 'endometriosis' and either 'extracellular vesicles' or 'exosomes'.There were 28 studies included in the review. Endometrium derived EVs contribute to the development of endometriosis. EVs derived from endometriosis lesions contribute to angiogenesis, immunomodulation and fibrosis. Such EVs can be detected in blood, with early data demonstrating utility in diagnosis and recurrence detection. EV isolation techniques varied between studies and only eight of twenty-eight studies fully characterised EVs according to current recommended standards. Reporting/type of endometriosis was limited across studies. Varied patient population, type of sample and isolation techniques created bias and difficulty in comparing studies.EVs hold promise for improving care for symptomatic patients who have never had surgery, as well as those with recurrent symptoms after previous surgery. We encourage further EV research in endometriosis with the inclusion of rigorous reporting of both the patient population and technical methodology used, with the ultimate goal of achieving clinical utility for diagnosis, prognosis and eventually treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Scheck
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wellington Hospital, Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Emily S J Paterson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Claire E Henry
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Chen Z, Wang X. The Role and Application of Exosomes and Their Cargos in Reproductive Diseases: A Systematic Review. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120706. [PMID: 36548867 PMCID: PMC9785507 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of the reproductive diseases is increasing year-by-year, leading to abortion or fetal arrest, which seriously affects the reproductive health of human beings and the reproductive efficiency of animals. Exosomes are phospholipid bilayer vesicles that are widely distributed in living organisms and released by the cells of various organs and tissues. Exosomes contain proteins, RNA, lipids, and other components and are important carriers of information transfer between cells, which play a variety of physiological and pathological regulatory functions. More and more studies have found that exosomes and their connotations play an important role in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of diseases. A systematic review was conducted in this manuscript and then highlights our knowledge about the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of exosomes to reproductive diseases, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, premature ovarian failure (POF), preeclampsia, polycystic, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostate gland cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Xiangguo Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
- Correspondence:
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