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Pfalzer AC, Watson KH, Ciriegio AE, Hale L, Diehl S, McDonell KE, Vnencak-Jones C, Huitz E, Snow A, Roth MC, Guthrie CS, Riordan H, Long JD, Compas BE, Claassen DO. Impairments to executive function in emerging adults with Huntington disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023; 94:130-135. [PMID: 36450478 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-329812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The clinical diagnosis of Huntington disease (HD) is typically made once motor symptoms and chorea are evident. Recent reports highlight the onset of cognitive and psychiatric symptoms before motor manifestations. These findings support further investigations of cognitive function across the lifespan of HD sufferers. METHODS To assess cognitive symptoms in the developing brain, we administered assessments from the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognitive Battery, an age-appropriate cognitive assessment with population norms, to a cohort of children, adolescents and young adults with (gene-expanded; GE) and without (gene-not-expanded; GNE) the trinucleotide cytosine, adenine, guanine (CAG) expansion in the Huntingtin gene. These five assessments that focus on executive function are well validated and form a composite score, with population norms. We modelled these scores across age, and CAP score to estimate the slope of progression, comparing these results to motor symptoms. RESULTS We find significant deficits in the composite measure of executive function in GE compared with GNE participants. GE participant performance on working memory was significantly lower compared with GNE participants. Modelling these results over age suggests that these deficits occur as early as 18 years of age, long before motor manifestations of HD. CONCLUSIONS This work provides strong evidence that impairments in executive function occur as early as the second decade of life, well before anticipated motor onset. Future investigations should delineate whether these impairments in executive function are due to abnormalities in neurodevelopment or early sequelae of a neurodegenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Pfalzer
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kelly H Watson
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University Peabody College of Education and Human Development, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Abagail E Ciriegio
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University Peabody College of Education and Human Development, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lisa Hale
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Spencer Diehl
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Katherine E McDonell
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Cindy Vnencak-Jones
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elizabeth Huitz
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Abigail Snow
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marissa C Roth
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Cara S Guthrie
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Heather Riordan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Long
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Bruce E Compas
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University Peabody College of Education and Human Development, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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2
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Cognitive flexibility assessment with a new Reversal learning task paradigm compared with the Wisconsin card sorting test exploring the moderating effect of gender and stress. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 87:1439-1453. [DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01763-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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3
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Antoniades M, Haas SS, Modabbernia A, Bykowsky O, Frangou S, Borgwardt S, Schmidt A. Personalized Estimates of Brain Structural Variability in Individuals With Early Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1029-1038. [PMID: 33547470 PMCID: PMC8266574 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early psychosis in first-episode psychosis (FEP) and clinical high-risk (CHR) individuals has been associated with alterations in mean regional measures of brain morphology. Examination of variability in brain morphology could assist in quantifying the degree of brain structural heterogeneity in clinical relative to healthy control (HC) samples. METHODS Structural magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained from CHR (n = 71), FEP (n = 72), and HC individuals (n = 55). Regional brain variability in cortical thickness (CT), surface area (SA), and subcortical volume (SV) was assessed with the coefficient of variation (CV). Furthermore, the person-based similarity index (PBSI) was employed to quantify the similarity of CT, SA, and SV profile of each individual to others within the same diagnostic group. Normative modeling of the PBSI-CT, PBSI-SA, and PBSI-SV was used to identify CHR and FEP individuals whose scores deviated markedly from those of the healthy individuals. RESULTS There was no effect of diagnosis on the CV for any regional measure (P > .38). CHR and FEP individuals differed significantly from the HC group in terms of PBSI-CT (P < .0001), PBSI-SA (P < .0001), and PBSI-SV (P = .01). In the clinical groups, normative modeling identified 32 (22%) individuals with deviant PBSI-CT, 12 (8.4%) with deviant PBSI-SA, and 21 (15%) with deviant PBSI-SV; differences of small effect size indicated that individuals with deviant PBSI scores had lower IQ and higher psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS Examination of brain structural variability in early psychosis indicated heterogeneity at the level of individual profiles and encourages further large-scale examination to identify individuals that deviate markedly from normative reference data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Antoniades
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Shalaila S Haas
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Oleg Bykowsky
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Centre for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - André Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; tel: +41 0(61) 325 59 29, fax: +41 (0)61 325 55 82, e-mail:
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4
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Mascarell Maričić L, Walter H, Rosenthal A, Ripke S, Quinlan EB, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde ALW, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Desrivières S, Flor H, Frouin V, Garavan H, Itterman B, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Paus T, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Smolka MN, Fröhner JH, Whelan R, Kaminski J, Schumann G, Heinz A. The IMAGEN study: a decade of imaging genetics in adolescents. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2648-2671. [PMID: 32601453 PMCID: PMC7577859 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Imaging genetics offers the possibility of detecting associations between genotype and brain structure as well as function, with effect sizes potentially exceeding correlations between genotype and behavior. However, study results are often limited due to small sample sizes and methodological differences, thus reducing the reliability of findings. The IMAGEN cohort with 2000 young adolescents assessed from the age of 14 onwards tries to eliminate some of these limitations by offering a longitudinal approach and sufficient sample size for analyzing gene-environment interactions on brain structure and function. Here, we give a systematic review of IMAGEN publications since the start of the consortium. We then focus on the specific phenotype 'drug use' to illustrate the potential of the IMAGEN approach. We describe findings with respect to frontocortical, limbic and striatal brain volume, functional activation elicited by reward anticipation, behavioral inhibition, and affective faces, and their respective associations with drug intake. In addition to describing its strengths, we also discuss limitations of the IMAGEN study. Because of the longitudinal design and related attrition, analyses are underpowered for (epi-) genome-wide approaches due to the limited sample size. Estimating the generalizability of results requires replications in independent samples. However, such densely phenotyped longitudinal studies are still rare and alternative internal cross-validation methods (e.g., leave-one out, split-half) are also warranted. In conclusion, the IMAGEN cohort is a unique, very well characterized longitudinal sample, which helped to elucidate neurobiological mechanisms involved in complex behavior and offers the possibility to further disentangle genotype × phenotype interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Mascarell Maričić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Rosenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Department of Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, House W34, 3.OG, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Büchel
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Department of Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Bernd Itterman
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging& Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Université, and AP-HP, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, TechnischeUniversität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliane H Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, TechnischeUniversität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jakob Kaminski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Department of Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a burdening chronic condition that is characterized by high relapse rates despite severe negative consequences. There has been a recent emergence of interest in (neuro)therapeutic intervention strategies that largely involve the detrimental change in mechanisms linked to addiction disorders. Most prominently, the latter include habitual decision-making, cue-induced behavioral tendencies, as well as the amplifying effects of stressful events on drinking behavior. This article discusses these learning mechanisms and modification thereof as possible targets of (neuro)therapeutic interventions for AUD.
Recent Findings
Psychological therapies that target dysregulated neurocognitive processes underlying addictive behavior may hold promise as effective treatments for AUD.
Summary
Despite the progression in psychological and neuroscience research in the field of AUD, many behavioral interventions fail to systematically integrate and apply such findings into treatment development. Future research should focus on the targeted modification of the aforementioned processes.
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Addiction as Learned Behavior Patterns. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081086. [PMID: 31344831 PMCID: PMC6723628 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) have to cope with drug-related cues and contexts which can affect instrumental drug seeking, as shown with Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) tasks among humans and animals. Our review addresses two potential mechanisms that may contribute to habitual or even compulsive drug seeking and taking. One mechanism is represented by Pavlovian and PIT effects on drug intake. The other is a shift from goal-directed to habitual drug intake, which can be accessed via model-based versus model-free decision-making in respective learning tasks. We discuss the impact of these learning mechanisms on drug consumption. First, we describe how Pavlovian and instrumental learning mechanisms interact in drug addiction. Secondly, we address the effects of acute and chronic stress exposure on behavioral and neural PIT effects in alcohol use disorder (AUD). Thirdly, we discuss how these learning mechanisms and their respective neurobiological correlates can contribute to losing versus regaining control over drug intake. Utilizing mobile technology (mobile applications on smartphones including games that measure learning mechanisms, activity bracelets), computational models, and real-world data may help to better identify patients with a high relapse risk and to offer targeted behavioral and pharmacotherapeutic interventions for vulnerable patients.
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7
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Yaple ZA, Yu R. Fractionating adaptive learning: A meta-analysis of the reversal learning paradigm. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 102:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Epigenetic variance in dopamine D2 receptor: a marker of IQ malleability? Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:169. [PMID: 30166545 PMCID: PMC6117339 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to cognitive test performance. A substantial increase in average intelligence test results in the second half of the previous century within one generation is unlikely to be explained by genetic changes. One possible explanation for the strong malleability of cognitive performance measure is that environmental factors modify gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic factors may help to understand the recent observations of an association between dopamine-dependent encoding of reward prediction errors and cognitive capacity, which was modulated by adverse life events. The possible manifestation of malleable biomarkers contributing to variance in cognitive test performance, and thus possibly contributing to the "missing heritability" between estimates from twin studies and variance explained by genetic markers, is still unclear. Here we show in 1475 healthy adolescents from the IMaging and GENetics (IMAGEN) sample that general IQ (gIQ) is associated with (1) polygenic scores for intelligence, (2) epigenetic modification of DRD2 gene, (3) gray matter density in striatum, and (4) functional striatal activation elicited by temporarily surprising reward-predicting cues. Comparing the relative importance for the prediction of gIQ in an overlapping subsample, our results demonstrate neurobiological correlates of the malleability of gIQ and point to equal importance of genetic variance, epigenetic modification of DRD2 receptor gene, as well as functional striatal activation, known to influence dopamine neurotransmission. Peripheral epigenetic markers are in need of confirmation in the central nervous system and should be tested in longitudinal settings specifically assessing individual and environmental factors that modify epigenetic structure.
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Laurence PG, Mecca TP, Serpa A, Martin R, Macedo EC. Eye Movements and Cognitive Strategy in a Fluid Intelligence Test: Item Type Analysis. Front Psychol 2018; 9:380. [PMID: 29619002 PMCID: PMC5871689 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye movements help to infer the cognitive strategy that a person uses in fluid intelligence tests. However, intelligence tests demand different relations/rules tokens to be solved, such as rule direction, which is the continuation, variation or overlay of geometric figures in the matrix of the intelligence test. The aim of this study was to understand whether eye movements could predict the outcome of an intelligence test and in the rule item groups. Furthermore, we sought to identify which measure is best for predicting intelligence test scores and to understand if the rule item groups use the same strategy. Accordingly, 34 adults completed a computerized intelligence test with an eye-tracking device. The toggling rate, that is, the number of toggles on each test item equalized by the item latency explained 45% of the variance of the test scores and a significant amount of the rule tokens item groups. The regression analyses also indicated toggling rate as the best measure for predicting the score and that all the rule tokens seem to respect the same strategy. No correlation or difference were found between baseline pupil size and fluid intelligence. Wiener Matrizen-Test 2 was demonstrated to be a good instrument for the purpose of this study. Finally, the implications of these findings for an understanding of cognition are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo G Laurence
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory and Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana P Mecca
- Educational Psychology Post-Graduation Program, Centro Universitário FIEO, Osasco, Brazil
| | | | - Romain Martin
- Faculty of Language and Literature, Humanities, Arts and Education, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Elizeu C Macedo
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory and Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Friedel E, Sebold M, Kuitunen-Paul S, Nebe S, Veer IM, Zimmermann US, Schlagenhauf F, Smolka MN, Rapp M, Walter H, Heinz A. How Accumulated Real Life Stress Experience and Cognitive Speed Interact on Decision-Making Processes. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:302. [PMID: 28642696 PMCID: PMC5462964 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Advances in neurocomputational modeling suggest that valuation systems for goal-directed (deliberative) on one side, and habitual (automatic) decision-making on the other side may rely on distinct computational strategies for reinforcement learning, namely model-free vs. model-based learning. As a key theoretical difference, the model-based system strongly demands cognitive functions to plan actions prospectively based on an internal cognitive model of the environment, whereas valuation in the model-free system relies on rather simple learning rules from operant conditioning to retrospectively associate actions with their outcomes and is thus cognitively less demanding. Acute stress reactivity is known to impair model-based but not model-free choice behavior, with higher working memory capacity protecting the model-based system from acute stress. However, it is not clear which impact accumulated real life stress has on model-free and model-based decision systems and how this influence interacts with cognitive abilities. Methods: We used a sequential decision-making task distinguishing relative contributions of both learning strategies to choice behavior, the Social Readjustment Rating Scale questionnaire to assess accumulated real life stress, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test to test cognitive speed in 95 healthy subjects. Results: Individuals reporting high stress exposure who had low cognitive speed showed reduced model-based but increased model-free behavioral control. In contrast, subjects exposed to accumulated real life stress with high cognitive speed displayed increased model-based performance but reduced model-free control. Conclusion: These findings suggest that accumulated real life stress exposure can enhance reliance on cognitive speed for model-based computations, which may ultimately protect the model-based system from the detrimental influences of accumulated real life stress. The combination of accumulated real life stress exposure and slower information processing capacities, however, might favor model-free strategies. Thus, the valence and preference of either system strongly depends on stressful experiences and individual cognitive capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Friedel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Biomedial Innovation Academy, Berlin Institute of HealthBerlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Sebold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Department for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of PotsdamPotsdam, Germany
| | - Sören Kuitunen-Paul
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Nebe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Ilya M. Veer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Zimmermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Florian Schlagenhauf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Department for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Institute LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Michael Rapp
- Department for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of PotsdamPotsdam, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Biomedial Innovation Academy, Berlin Institute of HealthBerlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Biomedial Innovation Academy, Berlin Institute of HealthBerlin, Germany
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11
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Heinz A, Deserno L, Zimmermann US, Smolka MN, Beck A, Schlagenhauf F. Targeted intervention: Computational approaches to elucidate and predict relapse in alcoholism. Neuroimage 2017; 151:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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12
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Badowska DM, Reich-Erkelenz D, Schmitt A, Falkai P. Pathways to personalized treatment strategies for depressive disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 265:1-3. [PMID: 25528648 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-014-0568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota M Badowska
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinCampus CharitéMitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Charlet
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinCampus CharitéMitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael A Rapp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinCampus CharitéMitte, Berlin, Germany,Social and Preventive Medicine, University of PotsdamPotsdam, Germany
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