1
|
Tan C, Song H, Ma S, Liu X, Zhao Y. Autistic Traits and Aggressive Behavior in Chinese College Students: A Serial Mediation Model and the Gender Difference. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1385-1397. [PMID: 38529081 PMCID: PMC10962467 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s451028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The existence of aggressive behavior in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) raises questions about whether cognitive and emotional factors in social information processing play a role between autistic traits (ATs) and aggressive behavior in the general population, especially in the context of Chinese culture. Moreover, given a possible gender difference in these variables, the study aimed to examine the effect of ATs on aggressive behavior, and the potential mediating role of hostile attribution bias and alexithymia on this association, as well as gender difference. Methods 850 Chinese college students participated in the assessment, including their ATs, hostile attribution bias, alexithymia, and aggressive behavior. Pearson correlation, mediation effects analyses, and multiple-group comparison were conducted. Results The results indicated that ATs indirectly predicted increased aggressive behavior through attribution bias and alexithymia. Gender difference in mediating effects was revealed: ATs indirectly predicted increased aggressive behavior through the serial mediating effect only in males. Conclusion Hostile attribution bias and alexithymia completely mediated the association between ATs and aggressive behavior, which contained the separate mediating effects of (a) hostile attribution bias and (b) alexithymia and the serial mediating effect of (c) hostile attribution bias and alexithymia. Gender differences in mediating effects were found only in the serial mediating effect, which was significant in males but not in females. The findings revealed the internal mechanism of ATs affecting aggressive behavior and gender difference, which have implications for the intervention of aggressive behavior of individuals with autism and those with high levels of ATs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Tan
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Song
- School of Educational Science, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, People’s Republic of China
- School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Marxism, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Police Officer Academy, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kleine Deters R, Naaijen J, Holz NE, Banaschewski T, Schulze UME, Sethi A, Craig MC, Sagar-Ouriaghli I, Santosh P, Rosa M, Castro-Fornieles J, Penzol MJ, Arango C, Brandeis D, Franke B, Glennon JC, Buitelaar JK, Hoekstra PJ, Dietrich A. Emotion recognition profiles in clusters of youth based on levels of callous-unemotional traits and reactive and proactive aggression. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:2415-2425. [PMID: 36127566 PMCID: PMC10682164 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Youth with disruptive behavior showing high callous-unemotional (CU) traits and proactive aggression are often assumed to exhibit distinct impairments in emotion recognition from those showing mainly reactive aggression. Yet, reactive and proactive aggression and CU traits may co-occur to varying degrees across individuals. We aimed to investigate emotion recognition in more homogeneous clusters based on these three dimensions. In a sample of 243 youth (149 with disruptive behavior problems and 94 controls) aged 8-18 years, we used model-based clustering on self-report measures of CU traits and reactive and proactive aggression and compared the resulting clusters on emotion recognition (accuracy and response bias) and working memory. In addition to a Low and Low-Moderate symptom cluster, we identified two high CU clusters. The CU-Reactive cluster showed high reactive and low-to-medium proactive aggression; the CU-Mixed cluster showed high reactive and proactive aggression. Both CU clusters showed impaired fear recognition and working memory, whereas the CU-Reactive cluster also showed impaired recognition of disgust and sadness, partly explained by poor working memory, as well as a response bias for anger and happiness. Our results confirm the importance of CU traits as a core dimension along which youth with disruptive behavior may be characterized, yet challenge the view that high CU traits are closely linked to high proactive aggression per se. Notably, distinct neurocognitive processes may play a role in youth with high CU traits and reactive aggression with lower versus higher proactive aggression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renee Kleine Deters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jilly Naaijen
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie E Holz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrike M E Schulze
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Arjun Sethi
- Department of Forensic & Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Michael C Craig
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Ilyas Sagar-Ouriaghli
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Paramala Santosh
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
- Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology and Rare Diseases (CIPPRD), National and Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mireia Rosa
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Clínic Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Clínic Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 2017SGR881, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Penzol
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun L, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Jing Y, Lei Y, Zhang Y. The cognitive neural mechanism of response inhibition and error processing to fearful expressions in adolescents with high reactive aggression. Front Psychol 2023; 13:984474. [PMID: 36687923 PMCID: PMC9849117 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.984474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive aggression in adolescents is characterized by high levels of impulsivity. This is associated with deficits in response inhibition and error processing and spontaneous emotion-driven responses to a perceived threat. However, the characteristics and cognitive neural mechanisms of response inhibition and error processing to indirect threat in adolescents with high levels of reactive aggression are unclear. This study explored the characteristics and cognitive neural mechanisms of response inhibition and error processing to fearful expressions in adolescents with high levels of reactive aggression using an emotional Go/No-Go paradigm combined with ERP recordings. Adolescents with high levels of reactive aggression (n = 31) and a control group (n = 30) took part in this study. Results showed that when presented with fearful expressions, adolescents with high levels of reactive aggression showed a smaller No-Go P3 effect and smaller ERN amplitudes following commission errors on the No-Go task than the control group. Results suggested that when presented with fearful expressions, adolescents with high levels of reactive aggression have impaired response inhibition in the later stage of actual inhibitory control of the motor system and impaired error processing in the early stage of fast and automatic initial error detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Sun
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaopeng Jing
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yang Lei
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeng Y, Liu X, Cheng L. Facial Emotion Perceptual Tendency in Violent and Non-violent Offenders. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP15058-NP15074. [PMID: 33480321 DOI: 10.1177/0886260521989848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
All three authors share equal authorship in this paper.Emotion perception has a vital influence on social interaction. Previous studies discussed mainly the relationship between facial emotion perception and aggressive behavior from the perspective of hostile attributional bias and the impaired violence inhibition mechanism. The present study aims to provide new evidence of different emotion perception patterns between the violent and non-violent criminal samples through a new indicator of the facial emotion recognition test, Facial Emotion Perception Tendency (FEPT), calculated by counting the times a participant recognizes a set of emotional stimuli as a particular specific emotion, and to further examine the association between aggressive behaviors and FEPT. 101 violent and 171 non-violent offenders, as well as 81 non-offending control participants, were recruited to complete the emotion recognition task with morphed stimuli (Study 1). We further recruited 62 non-offending healthy male participants to finish the Buss -Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) after the emotion recognition task in Study 2. Both non-violent and violent offenders were significantly lower in overall accuracy of emotion recognition and disgust FEPT, but higher in happy FEPT, than non-offending healthy controls. Non-violent offenders had significantly lower fear FEPT than violent offenders, and had higher anger FEPT than non-offending controls. The results also revealed that the level of physical aggression was positively correlated with fear FEPT, while negatively correlated with anger FEPT. The current study demonstrated that FEPT was associated with aggressive behavior and implies the importance of improving the emotion decoding ability of offenders. Also, the concept "FEPT" proposed in this study is of significance for further exploration of how individuals' tendency to perceiving a particular emotion can be correlated with social behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zeng
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xilin Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hierro TAD, Fernández MEP, Rodríguez JMA. Psicopatía, Agresión y Violencia: un Análisis de la Interrelación en una Muestra de Delincuentes. ANUARIO DE PSICOLOGÍA JURÍDICA 2021. [DOI: 10.5093/apj2021a25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
6
|
Iozzino L, Harvey PD, Canessa N, Gosek P, Heitzman J, Macis A, Picchioni M, Salize HJ, Wancata J, Koch M, Ferrari C, de Girolamo G. Neurocognition and social cognition in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with and without a history of violence: results of a multinational European study. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:620. [PMID: 34880208 PMCID: PMC8651972 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01749-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurocognitive impairment has been extensively studied in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and seems to be one of the major determinants of functional outcome in this clinical population. Data exploring the link between neuropsychological deficits and the risk of violence in schizophrenia has been more inconsistent. In this study, we analyse the differential predictive potential of neurocognition and social cognition to discriminate patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with and without a history of severe violence. METHODS Overall, 398 (221 cases and 177 controls) patients were recruited in forensic and general psychiatric settings across five European countries and assessed using a standardized battery. RESULTS Education and processing speed were the strongest discriminators between forensic and non-forensic patients, followed by emotion recognition. In particular, increased accuracy for anger recognition was the most distinctive feature of the forensic group. CONCLUSIONS These results may have important clinical implications, suggesting potential enhancements of the assessment and treatment of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with a history of violence, who may benefit from consideration of socio-cognitive skills commonly neglected in ordinary clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Iozzino
- grid.419422.8Unit of Epidemiological Psychiatry and Evaluation, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Philip D. Harvey
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Research Service, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Nicola Canessa
- grid.30420.350000 0001 0724 054XScuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Pavia, Italy ,grid.511455.1Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pawel Gosek
- grid.418955.40000 0001 2237 2890Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Heitzman
- grid.418955.40000 0001 2237 2890Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ambra Macis
- grid.419422.8Unit of Statistics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Picchioni
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK ,St Magnus Hospital, Haslemere, Surrey UK
| | - Hans Joachim Salize
- grid.413757.30000 0004 0477 2235Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Wancata
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Koch
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- grid.419422.8Unit of Statistics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni de Girolamo
- Unit of Epidemiological Psychiatry and Evaluation, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bulgari V, Bava M, Gamba G, Bartoli F, Ornaghi A, Candini V, Ferla MT, Cricelli M, Bianconi G, Cavalera C, Conte G, Stefana A, Picchioni M, Iozzino L, Crocamo C, Carrà G. Facial emotion recognition in people with schizophrenia and a history of violence: a mediation analysis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:761-769. [PMID: 31106387 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for an association between impaired facial emotion recognition and violence in people with schizophrenia is inconclusive. In particular, the role of misidentification patterns involving specific emotions such as anger and the influence of clinical characteristics on this association remain unclear. In this study, we compared facial emotion recognition performance in age- and gender-matched schizophrenia spectrum disorders subjects with (N = 52) and without (N = 52) a history of violence. Data on current symptom severity, Cluster B personality status, past victimization, and alcohol and substance misuse were also collected. Compared to those without, subjects with a history of violence showed worse facial emotion recognition performances, involving anger, fear, disgust, sadness, and happiness. When formally testing the reporting of angry faces, evidence of enhanced sensitivity to anger was not supported. Finally, when the impact of current symptoms was assessed, higher severity of activation symptoms, including motor hyperactivity, elevated mood, excitement and distractibility, mediated the relationship between history of violence and poor facial emotion recognition performance. As a whole, our findings seem to support the role of perceptual deficits involving different emotions as well as of a mediation played by activation symptoms. Facial emotion recognition deficits associated with the propensity to violence, as well certain symptoms mediating their relationship, should be targeted by specific treatment approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viola Bulgari
- Psychiatric and Evaluation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Bava
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Gamba
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ornaghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Candini
- Psychiatric and Evaluation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Ferla
- Department of Mental Health, ASST-Rhodense G.Salvini di Garbagnate, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Cricelli
- Department of Mental Health, ASST-Rhodense G.Salvini di Garbagnate, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cesare Cavalera
- Psychiatric and Evaluation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Conte
- Department of Mental Health, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Stefana
- Department of Mental Health, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Picchioni
- St Magnus Hospital, Marley Lane, Haslemere, Surrey, UK
- GU and Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Iozzino
- Psychiatric and Evaluation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Crocamo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
- Division of Psychiatry, University College of London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dellazizzo L, Potvin S, Athanassiou M, Dumais A. Violence and Cannabis Use: A Focused Review of a Forgotten Aspect in the Era of Liberalizing Cannabis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:567887. [PMID: 33192691 PMCID: PMC7525024 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.567887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a shift surrounding societal and legal perspectives on cannabis reflecting changing public attitudes towards the perceived safety and social acceptability of cannabis use. With cannabis liberalization internationally, the focus of most cannabis-related harms has been on effects with users themselves. Harm-to-others including injuries from violence have nevertheless been unfortunately largely overlooked. While studies remain heterogeneous, there is meta-analytical evidence pointing towards an association. The aims of this focused review are two-fold: (I) review the evidence from meta-analyses on the association between cannabis and violence; and (II) provide an overview of possible mechanisms relating cannabis use to violence. First, evidence from meta-analytical studies in youths, intimate partners, and individuals with severe mental disorders have shown that there is a global moderate association between cannabis use and violence, which is stronger in the latter more at-risk population. Preliminary data has even highlighted a potential dose-response relationship with larger effects in more frequent users. Although of importance, this subject has remained essentially forgotten as a public health concern. While literature remains inconclusive, data has suggested potential increases in cannabis use following liberalization policies. This may increase violent outcomes if the effect is directly related to the use of cannabis by means of its psychophysiological modifications. However, for the moment, the mechanisms associating cannabis use and violence remain to be clearly resolved. Considering the recency of policy changes on cannabis, further methodologically sound research using longitudinal designs should examine the effects that cannabis use may have on different forms of violence and the trends that emerge, while evaluating the effects of possible confounding factors (e.g. other substance use). In addition, as evidence-based research from meta-analyses have shown that cannabis use is associated with violence, measures must be taken to mitigate the risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dellazizzo
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Athanassiou
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Dumais
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut national de psychiatrie légale Philippe-Pinel, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Santamaría-García H, Ibáñez A, Montaño S, García AM, Patiño-Saenz M, Idarraga C, Pino M, Baez S. Out of Context, Beyond the Face: Neuroanatomical Pathways of Emotional Face-Body Language Integration in Adolescent Offenders. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:34. [PMID: 30863291 PMCID: PMC6399662 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adolescent offenders (AOs) are characterized by social-norm transgression and aggressive behaviors. Those traits have been associated with alterations in socio-cognitive processes, including facial emotion recognition. While this would suggest that AOs tend to interpret negative emotional cues as threatening information, most research has relied on context-free stimuli, thus failing to directly track integrative processes typical of everyday cognition. Methods: In this study, we assessed the impact of body language and surrounding context on facial emotion recognition in AOs and non-offenders (NOs). We recruited 35 AOs from a reform school for young male offenders and 30 NOs matched for age and sex with the former group. All participants completed a well-validated task aimed to determine how contextual cues (i.e., emotional body language and surrounding context) influence facial emotion recognition through the use of congruent and incongruent combinations of facial and bodily emotional information. Results: This study showed that AOs tend to overvalue bodily and contextual signals in emotion recognition, with poorer facial-emotion categorization and increased sensitivity to context information in incongruent face-body scenarios. This pattern was associated with executive dysfunctions and disruptive behaviors, as well as with gray matter (GM) of brain regions supporting body-face recognition [fusiform gyrus (FG)], emotion processing [cingulate cortex (CC), superior temporal gyrus (STG)], contextual integration (precuneus, STG), and motor resonance [cerebellum, supplementary motor area (SMA)]. Discussion: Together, our results pave the way for a better understanding of the neurocognitive association between contextual emotion recognition, behavioral regulation, cognitive control, and externalized behaviors in AOs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hernando Santamaría-García
- Departamentos de Psiquiatría y Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Centro de memoria y cognición Intellectus, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación Cerebro y Cognición Social, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Agustin Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia.,Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Synella Montaño
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Adolfo M García
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Faculty of Education, National University of Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
| | | | - Claudia Idarraga
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Mariana Pino
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Sandra Baez
- Grupo de Investigación Cerebro y Cognición Social, Bogotá, Colombia.,Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|