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Chan RCK, Wang LL, Huang J, Wang Y, Lui SSY. Anhedonia Across and Beyond the Schizophrenia Spectrum. Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae165. [PMID: 39326030 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Anhedonia refers to the diminished ability to experience pleasure, and is a core feature of schizophrenia (SCZ). The neurocognitive and neural correlates of anhedonia remain elusive. Based on several influential theoretical models for negative symptoms, this selective review proposed four important neurocognitive domains, which may unveil the neurobiological mechanisms of anhedonia. The authors critically reviewed the current evidence regarding value representation of reward, prospection, emotion-behavior decoupling, and belief updating in the Chinese setting, covering both behavioral and neuroimaging research. We observed a limited application of the transdiagnostic approach in previous studies on the four domains, and the lack of adequate measures to tap into the expressivity deficit in SCZ. Despite many behavioral paradigms for these four domains utilized both social and non-social stimuli, previous studies seldom focused on the social-versus-non-social differentiation. We further advocated several important directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Ling Wang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Simon S Y Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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2
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Peall KJ, Owen MJ, Hall J. Rare genetic brain disorders with overlapping neurological and psychiatric phenotypes. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:7-21. [PMID: 38001363 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding rare genetic brain disorders with overlapping neurological and psychiatric phenotypes is of increasing importance given the potential for developing disease models that could help to understand more common, polygenic disorders. However, the traditional clinical boundaries between neurology and psychiatry result in frequent segregation of these disorders into distinct silos, limiting cross-specialty understanding that could facilitate clinical and biological advances. In this Review, we highlight multiple genetic brain disorders in which neurological and psychiatric phenotypes are observed, but for which in-depth, cross-spectrum clinical phenotyping is rarely undertaken. We describe the combined phenotypes observed in association with genetic variants linked to epilepsy, dystonia, autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. We also consider common underlying mechanisms that centre on synaptic plasticity, including changes to synaptic and neuronal structure, calcium handling and the balance of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal activity. Further investigation is needed to better define and replicate these phenotypes in larger cohorts, which would help to gain greater understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and identify common therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Peall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Michael J Owen
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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3
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Mas-Bermejo P, Papiol S, Via M, Rovira P, Torrecilla P, Kwapil TR, Barrantes-Vidal N, Rosa A. Schizophrenia polygenic risk score in psychosis proneness. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:1665-1675. [PMID: 37301774 PMCID: PMC10713704 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex disorder with a highly polygenic inheritance. It can be conceived as the extreme expression of a continuum of traits that are present in the general population often broadly referred to as schizotypy. However, it is still poorly understood how these traits overlap genetically with the disorder. We investigated whether polygenic risk for SZ is associated with these disorder-related phenotypes (schizotypy, psychotic-like experiences, and subclinical psychopathology) in a sample of 253 non-clinically identified participants. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were constructed based on the latest SZ genome-wide association study using the PRS-CS method. Their association with self-report and interview measures of SZ-related traits was tested. No association with either schizotypy or psychotic-like experiences was found. However, we identified a significant association with the Motor Change subscale of the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS) interview. Our results indicate that the genetic overlap of SZ with schizotypy and psychotic-like experiences is less robust than previously hypothesized. The relationship between high PRS for SZ and motor abnormalities could reflect neurodevelopmental processes associated with psychosis proneness and SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mas-Bermejo
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica. Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals. Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Via
- Brainlab, Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Paula Rovira
- Vicerectorat de Recerca, Investigadora Postdoctoral Margarita Salas, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Torrecilla
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas R Kwapil
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Neus Barrantes-Vidal
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Sant Pere Claver-Fundació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Araceli Rosa
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica. Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals. Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Fares R, Haddad C, Sacre H, Hallit S, Haddad G, Salameh P, Calvet B. Neurological soft signs and cognition among inpatients with schizophrenia. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2023; 28:406-423. [PMID: 37823861 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2023.2269647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Evidence has shown that neurological soft signs are strongly associated with neurocognitive dysfunction. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to assess the association between NSS and cognitive impairments in a sample of inpatients with schizophrenia. The secondary objective was to explore the association between NSS total scores and functioning.Methods: The study enrolled 95 inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia disorders and 45 healthy controls. The neurological evaluation scale (NES) was used to assess neurological soft sign while the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) was used to evaluate cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia.Results: Patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher mean scores on the NES total test and subtests than the control group. Higher cognition was significantly associated with lower NES total and subtest scores. Higher functional independence was significantly associated with a lower NES total score (Beta = -.25), lower motor coordination subtest score (Beta = -.04), and lower others subtest (Beta = -.12). When taking the functional independence scale as the dependent variable, a higher NES total score was significantly associated with lower functioning (Beta = -0.03).Conclusion: NSS were associated to neurocognitive impairments in almost every domain among patients with schizophrenia. Further prospective research is still needed to confirm this role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabih Fares
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of chronic diseases in tropical zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Health Sciences, Modern University of Business and Science, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Georges Haddad
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut, Lebanon
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Benjamin Calvet
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of chronic diseases in tropical zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, de l'Agée et d'Addictologie, centre hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
- Centre mémoire de ressources et de recherche du Limousin, centre hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France
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5
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Le Boterff Q, Rabah A, Carment L, Bendjemaa N, Térémetz M, Alouit A, Levy A, Tanguy G, Morin V, Amado I, Cuenca M, Turc G, Maier MA, Krebs MO, Lindberg PG. A tablet-based quantitative assessment of manual dexterity for detection of early psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1200864. [PMID: 37435404 PMCID: PMC10330763 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1200864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We performed a pilot study on whether tablet-based measures of manual dexterity can provide behavioral markers for detection of first-episode psychosis (FEP), and whether cortical excitability/inhibition was altered in FEP. Methods Behavioral and neurophysiological testing was undertaken in persons diagnosed with FEP (N = 20), schizophrenia (SCZ, N = 20), autism spectrum disorder (ASD, N = 20), and in healthy control subjects (N = 20). Five tablet tasks assessed different motor and cognitive functions: Finger Recognition for effector (finger) selection and mental rotation, Rhythm Tapping for temporal control, Sequence Tapping for control/memorization of motor sequences, Multi Finger Tapping for finger individuation, and Line Tracking for visuomotor control. Discrimination of FEP (from other groups) based on tablet-based measures was compared to discrimination through clinical neurological soft signs (NSS). Cortical excitability/inhibition, and cerebellar brain inhibition were assessed with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Results Compared to controls, FEP patients showed slower reaction times and higher errors in Finger Recognition, and more variability in Rhythm Tapping. Variability in Rhythm Tapping showed highest specificity for the identification of FEP patients compared to all other groups (FEP vs. ASD/SCZ/Controls; 75% sensitivity, 90% specificity, AUC = 0.83) compared to clinical NSS (95% sensitivity, 22% specificity, AUC = 0.49). Random Forest analysis confirmed FEP discrimination vs. other groups based on dexterity variables (100% sensitivity, 85% specificity, balanced accuracy = 92%). The FEP group had reduced short-latency intra-cortical inhibition (but similar excitability) compared to controls, SCZ, and ASD. Cerebellar inhibition showed a non-significant tendency to be weaker in FEP. Conclusion FEP patients show a distinctive pattern of dexterity impairments and weaker cortical inhibition. Easy-to-use tablet-based measures of manual dexterity capture neurological deficits in FEP and are promising markers for detection of FEP in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Le Boterff
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ayah Rabah
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Carment
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Narjes Bendjemaa
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Térémetz
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anaëlle Alouit
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Agnes Levy
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Guillaume Turc
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Marc A. Maier
- CNRS, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Påvel G. Lindberg
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
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6
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Petrescu C, Petrescu DM, Marian G, Focseneanu BE, Iliuta FP, Ciobanu CA, Papacocea S, Ciobanu AM. Neurological Soft Signs in Schizophrenia, a Picture of the Knowledge in the Last Decade: A Scoping Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11101471. [PMID: 37239757 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Neurological Soft Signs (NSS) are subtle neurological abnormalities that are more common in schizophrenia patients than in healthy individuals and have been regularly observed in neuroleptic-naive first-episode patients, supporting the hypothesis that they are an intrinsic component of schizophrenia. (2) Methods: a review of articles published in the last ten years (from January 2013 to January 2023) was carried out on articles published in ScienceDirect and PubMed, by following the PRISMA Statement extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR), which evaluated the impact of NSS in correlation with the symptomatology, neuroleptic treatment, and the cerebral structural changes of patients with schizophrenia. (3) Results: thirty articles were included, among them twelve included MRI structural evaluation and four studies with a longitudinal design. (4) Conclusions: interest in researching NSS has increased in recent years, but questions remain about their origin and relationship to schizophrenia symptoms, thus this study aims to fill in information gaps in the hope that future research will help provide individualized treatment. It is suggested that NSS in schizophrenia might have an inherited genetic relationship pattern, thus being in line with a trait viewpoint. Most of the research revealed that schizophrenia patients had higher NSS scores than healthy controls, however, they were rather similar to their first-degree relatives, thus, also arguing in favor of a trait perspective. The greatest improvement in scores is seen in those with a remitting course, as shown by declining NSS ratings concurrent with symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Petrescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Psychiatry, Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana M Petrescu
- Neurology Clinic Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela Marian
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Titu Maiorescu University of Medicine, 040441 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Brindusa E Focseneanu
- Department of Psychiatry, Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Titu Maiorescu University of Medicine, 040441 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Floris Petru Iliuta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Serban Papacocea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adela M Ciobanu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Psychiatry, Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
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7
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The stress-vulnerability model on the path to schizophrenia: Interaction between BDNF methylation and schizotypy on the resting-state brain network. SCHIZOPHRENIA 2022; 8:49. [PMID: 35853898 PMCID: PMC9261098 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between schizophrenia liability and environmental influences has been considered to be responsible for the development of schizophrenia. Recent neuroimaging studies have linked aberrant functional connectivity (FC) between the default-mode network (DMN) and the frontoparietal network (FPN) in the resting-state to the underlying neural mechanism of schizophrenia. By using schizotypy as the proxy for genetic-based liability to schizophrenia and methylation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to represent environmental exposure, this study investigated the impact of the interaction between vulnerability and the environment on the neurobiological substrates of schizophrenia. Participants in this study included 101 healthy adults (HC) and 46 individuals with ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR). All participants were tested at resting-state by functional magnetic resonance imaging, and group-independent component analysis was used to identify the DMN and the FPN. The Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS) was used to evaluate the schizotypy level. The methylation status of BDNF was measured by pyrosequencing. For moderation analysis, the final sample consisted of 83 HC and 32 UHR individuals. UHR individuals showed reduced DMN-FPN network FC compared to healthy controls. PAS scores significantly moderated the relationship between the percentage of BDNF methylation and DMN-FPN network FC. The strength of the positive relationship between BDNF methylation and the network FC was reduced when the schizotypy level increased. These findings support the moderating role of schizotypy on the neurobiological mechanism of schizophrenia in conjunction with epigenetic changes.
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8
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Sadeghi D, Shoeibi A, Ghassemi N, Moridian P, Khadem A, Alizadehsani R, Teshnehlab M, Gorriz JM, Khozeimeh F, Zhang YD, Nahavandi S, Acharya UR. An overview of artificial intelligence techniques for diagnosis of Schizophrenia based on magnetic resonance imaging modalities: Methods, challenges, and future works. Comput Biol Med 2022; 146:105554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Asimakidou E, Job X, Kilteni K. The positive dimension of schizotypy is associated with a reduced attenuation and precision of self-generated touch. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:57. [PMID: 35854009 PMCID: PMC9261081 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The brain predicts the sensory consequences of our movements and uses these predictions to attenuate the perception of self-generated sensations. Accordingly, self-generated touch feels weaker than an externally generated touch of identical intensity. In schizophrenia, this somatosensory attenuation is substantially reduced, suggesting that patients with positive symptoms fail to accurately predict and process self-generated touch. If an impaired prediction underlies the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, then a similar impairment should exist in healthy nonclinical individuals with high positive schizotypal traits. One hundred healthy participants (53 female), assessed for schizotypal traits, underwent a well-established psychophysics force discrimination task to quantify how they perceived self-generated and externally generated touch. The perceived intensity of tactile stimuli delivered to their left index finger (magnitude) and the ability to discriminate the stimuli (precision) was measured. We observed that higher positive schizotypal traits were associated with reduced somatosensory attenuation and poorer somatosensory precision of self-generated touch, both when treating schizotypy as a continuous or categorical variable. These effects were specific to positive schizotypy and were not observed for the negative or disorganized dimensions of schizotypy. The results suggest that positive schizotypal traits are associated with a reduced ability to predict and process self-generated touch. Given that the positive dimension of schizotypy represents the analogue of positive psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia, deficits in processing self-generated tactile information could indicate increased liability to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evridiki Asimakidou
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xavier Job
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konstantina Kilteni
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17165, Stockholm, Sweden.
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10
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Wang Y, Braam EE, Wannan CMJ, Van Rheenen TE, Chan RCK, Nelson B, McGorry PD, Yung AR, Lin A, Brewer WJ, Koutsogiannis J, Wood SJ, Velakoulis D, Pantelis C, Cropley VL. Investigation of structural brain correlates of neurological soft signs in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:1475-1485. [PMID: 34467451 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Increased severity of neurological soft signs (NSS) in schizophrenia have been associated with abnormal brain morphology in cerebello-thalamo-cortical structures, but it is unclear whether similar structures underlie NSS prior to the onset of psychosis. The present study investigated the relationship between severity of NSS and grey matter volume (GMV) in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) stratified for later conversion to psychosis. Structural T1-weighted MRI scans were obtained from 56 antipsychotic-naïve UHR individuals and 35 healthy controls (HC). The UHR individuals had follow-up data (mean follow-up: 5.2 years) to ascertain clinical outcome. Using whole-brain voxel-based morphometry, the relationship between NSS and GMV at baseline was assessed in UHR, HC, as well as individuals who later transitioned (UHR-P, n = 25) and did not transition (UHR-NP, n = 31) to psychosis. NSS total and subscale scores except motor coordination were significantly higher in UHR compared to HC. Higher signs were also found in UHR-P, but not UHR-NP. Total NSS was not associated with GMV in the whole sample or in each group. However, in UHR-P individuals, greater deficits in sensory integration was associated with lower GMV in the left cerebellum, right insula, and right middle frontal gyrus. In conclusion, NSS are present in UHR individuals, particularly those who later transitioned to a psychotic disorder. While these signs show little overall variation with GMV, the association of sensory integration deficits with lower GMV in UHR-P suggests that certain brain areas may be implicated in the development of specific neurological abnormalities in the psychosis prodrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry St, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia.,Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Esmee E Braam
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry St, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Cassandra M J Wannan
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry St, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry St, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia.,Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alison R Yung
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Warrick J Brewer
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John Koutsogiannis
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Dennis Velakoulis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry St, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia.,Neuropsychiatry Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry St, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa L Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Building, 161 Barry St, Carlton, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia. .,Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia.
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11
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Barkus E, de Leede-Smith S, Roodenrys S, Horsley L, Matrini S, Mison E. Dyslexia: Links with schizotypy and neurological soft signs. Psych J 2021; 11:163-170. [PMID: 34743416 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in language processing, psychological distress, and subtle neurodevelopmental features called neurological soft signs (NSS) are expressed by people with dyslexia and those scoring highly on schizotypy. We investigated whether the expression of NSS, distress, and schizotypy predicted dyslexia status. Participants (N = 96, 48 dyslexic) selected to be age and sex matched, completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire, Neurological Evaluation Scale, and the National Adult Reading Test (NART; a measure of verbal intelligence). Dyslexia status was predicted by higher total NSS and disorganized schizotypy scores in the absence of NART. However, even with the inclusion of NART, disorganized schizotypy remained a significant predictor. The findings suggest that disorganized features of schizotypy could be a significant factor for those with dyslexia. Conversely, more attention needs to be given to developmental language disorders in those who score highly on schizotypy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Barkus
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saskia de Leede-Smith
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steven Roodenrys
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lauren Horsley
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shannen Matrini
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erin Mison
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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12
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Developmental Psychotic Risk: Toward a Neurodevelopmentally Informed Staging of Vulnerability to Psychosis. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2021; 28:271-278. [PMID: 32692090 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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13
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Lui SSY, Yip SSL, Wang Y, Hung KSY, Ho KKY, Tsang KCM, Yeung HKH, Cheung EFC, Chan RCK. Different trajectories of neurological soft signs progression between treatment-responsive and treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 138:607-614. [PMID: 34004397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients exhibit subtle and non-localizing neurological abnormalities, known as neurological soft signs (NSS). Life-span evidence suggests that NSS vary along the course of schizophrenia. An association between NSS and treatment response has been proposed, suggesting that NSS reflect the underlying neuropathology development in schizophrenia. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between NSS and treatment resistance in first-episode schizophrenia patients. We conducted a longitudinal study on 52 first-episode schizophrenia patients, who were assessed at baseline, the sixth month, and the fifth year using the abridged version of the Cambridge Neurological Inventory. The trajectories of NSS between 29 treatment-responsive patients (with full symptomatic remission) and 23 treatment-resistant patients (who received clozapine) were compared using mixed model ANOVA. We also controlled for the effect of age and estimated IQ, using a mixed ANCOVA model. Although the two schizophrenia groups had comparable NSS at the baseline, their trajectories of NSS differed significantly. Compared with their treatment-responsive counterparts, treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients had worsening of NSS over time. Our findings support the potential utility of NSS in identifying treatment resistance in first-episode schizophrenia. Progressive worsening of NSS in treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients may reflect the development of underlying neuropathology. Further studies using large samples of treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon S Y Lui
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong, China; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | | | - Ya Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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14
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Chrobak AA, Krupa A, Dudek D, Siwek M. How soft are neurological soft signs? Content overlap analysis of 71 symptoms among seven most commonly used neurological soft signs scales. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 138:404-412. [PMID: 33962127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurological soft signs (NSS) are described as subtle, non-localizable neurological abnormalities that cannot be related to impairment of a specific brain region or are not believed to be typical for any specific neurological disease. Crucial issue concerning research on NSS are the instruments with which they are assessed, since the results and the conclusions of the studies are mediated by the characteristics of such instruments. There is common, silent and unverified assumption that NSS rating scales may be used as interchangeable measure of the same phenomenon. AIM To investigate the differences in item content and the interchangeability of commonly used NSS scales. METHODS A content analysis was carried out to determine symptom overlap among the chosen seven most often used scales using the Jaccard index (0 = no overlap, 1 = full overlap) according to the methodology of Fried 2017. RESULTS 71 NSSs were distinguished from 167 items used in 7 above mentioned instruments. Mean overlap among all scales is low (0.27), overlap among specific scales ranges from 0.1 to 0.5. CONCLUSIONS The diversity of NSS in analyzed tools causes the low overlap between scales, leading to uncertainty as to whether they measure the same phenomena. This limits the reproducibility of studies and impedes the possibility of unifying the knowledge stemming from existing data. We argue that the non-localizable nature of NSS is yet to be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Andrzej Chrobak
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika St 21A, 31-501, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Krupa
- Department of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika St 21A, 31-501, Cracow, Poland
| | - Dominika Dudek
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika St 21A, 31-501, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Siwek
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika St 21A, 31-501, Cracow, Poland.
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15
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Presta V, Paraboschi F, Marsella F, Lucarini V, Galli D, Mirandola P, Banchini A, Marchesi C, Galuppo L, Vitale M, Tonna M, Gobbi G. Posture and gait in the early course of schizophrenia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245661. [PMID: 33465166 PMCID: PMC7815098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
While correlations between postural stability deficits and schizophrenia are well documented, information on dynamic motor alterations in schizophrenia are still scarce, and no data on their onset are available yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was i) to measure gait pattern(s) in patients with schizophrenia; ii) to identify posture and gait alterations which could potentially be used as a predictive clinical tool of the onset of the disorder. Body composition, posture and gait parameters were assessed in a group of 30 patients with schizophrenia and compared to 25 healthy subjects. Sway area was significantly higher in the schizophrenia group compared to controls regardless of whether the participants were in eyes open or eyes closed condition. Gait cadence and speed were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia, while stride length was similar. We concluded that the combination of an increased sway area (independent from eye closure) and a gait cadence reduction—in the presence of normal gait speed and stride length—might be considered peculiar postural and gait profile characteristic of early schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Presta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery–Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Marsella
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatric Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatric Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Galli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery–Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Prisco Mirandola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery–Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Banchini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery–Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Marchesi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatric Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Marco Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery–Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Movement Analysis Laboratory (LAM)–Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Matteo Tonna
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Service, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuliana Gobbi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery–Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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16
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Neurological soft signs and cognition in the late course of chronic schizophrenia: a longitudinal study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:1465-1473. [PMID: 32417958 PMCID: PMC8563630 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurological soft signs (NSS) are minor ('soft') neurological abnormalities in sensory and motor performances, which are frequently reported in patients with schizophrenia at any stage of their illness. It has been demonstrated that NSS vary in the clinical course of the disorder: longitudinally NSS decrease in parallel with remission of psychopathological symptoms, an effect which mainly applies to patients with a remitting course. These findings are primarily based on patients with a first episode of the disorder, while the course of NSS in patients with chronic schizophrenia and persisting symptoms is rather unknown. Therefore, we investigated NSS twice in 21 patients with chronic schizophrenia (initial mean duration of illness: 23 ± 11 years) with a mean follow-up interval of 7 years. NSS were evaluated by the Heidelberg Scale, established instruments were used to rate neuropsychological performance and psychopathological symptoms. NSS showed significant increases on the subscales "motor coordination" and "integrative functions", while positive and negative symptoms, including apathy, showed only minor, non-significant changes. Verbal memory, verbal fluency, and cognitive flexibility along with severity of global cognitive deficits demonstrated a significant deterioration. Regression analyses identified executive dysfunction (cognitive flexibility and verbal fluency) at baseline as significant predictors of NSS increase at follow-up. Our findings indicate that NSS deteriorate in the long-term course of chronic schizophrenia. This effect may be accounted for by a decrease of executive functions and logical memory, which can be attributed to premature brain aging.
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17
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Schmitt A, Reich-Erkelenz D, Falkai P. Affected neural networks as basis of disturbed motor function in schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:279-280. [PMID: 32144497 PMCID: PMC7069892 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Daniela Reich-Erkelenz
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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18
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Wang X, Herold CJ, Kong L, Schroeder J. Associations between brain structural networks and neurological soft signs in healthy adults. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 293:110989. [PMID: 31634787 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.110989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurological soft signs (NSS), as minor neurological deficits, have been identified in several psychiatric disorders, especially in schizophrenia. However, it's unclear how the neuropathological processes of the disease affect NSS related brain morphological changes and whether it is confounded by the use of medication. As NSS also exist in healthy people, the potential confounding effects of psychopathology or medication will be excluded if NSS are investigated in healthy people. Therefore, we applied a novel multivariate approach, source-based morphometry (SBM), to study structural networks in relation to NSS in healthy adults based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. The Heidelberg Scale was applied to evaluate NSS. Using SBM, we constructed structural networks and investigated their associations with NSS in healthy adults. Six grey matter (GM) structural networks were identified. Sensory integration subscores were associated with the cerebellar component and the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic component. Motor coordination subscores and total NSS scores were associated with the sensorimotor component. The present findings indicated that structural network abnormalities in cerebellar, subcortical and cortical sensorimotor areas contribute to NSS performance in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingsong Wang
- College of Education, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Road, 200234, Shanghai, China
| | - Christina J Herold
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Vossstrasse 4, DE-69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Li Kong
- College of Education, Shanghai Normal University, No. 100 Guilin Road, 200234, Shanghai, China.
| | - Johannes Schroeder
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Vossstrasse 4, DE-69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
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19
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Apthorp D, Bolbecker AR, Bartolomeo LA, O’Donnell BF, Hetrick WP. Postural Sway Abnormalities in Schizotypal Personality Disorder. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:512-521. [PMID: 30376125 PMCID: PMC6483590 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Motor abnormalities are among the most robust findings in schizophrenia, and increasing evidence suggests they are a core feature of the disorder. Postural sway during balance tasks is a highly sensitive probe of sensorimotor systems including the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and motor cortices. Postural sway deficits are present in schizophrenia as well as groups at high risk for psychosis, suggesting altered postural control may be sensitive to the pathophysiological processes associated with risk and expression of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. This study examined postural sway performance in schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). Individuals with SPD have attenuated psychotic symptoms and share genetic risk with schizophrenia but are usually free from antipsychotic medication and other illness confounds, making SPD useful for assessing candidate biomarkers. We measured postural sway using force plates in 27 individuals with SPD, 27 carefully matched controls, and 27 matched patients with schizophrenia. It was predicted that postural sway in the SPD group would fall intermediate to schizophrenia and controls. In all conditions (eyes open and closed, with feet together or apart), the SPD group swayed significantly more than the controls, as measured by path length and sway area. Moreover, the magnitude of the sway deficit was comparable in the SPD and schizophrenia groups. These findings suggest that postural sway measures may represent a sensorimotor biomarker of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Apthorp
- School of Psychology and Behavioural Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 61 2 6773 4316, fax: 61 2 6773 3820, e-mail:
| | - Amanda R Bolbecker
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | | | - Brian F O’Donnell
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University Medical Centre, Bloomington, IN,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - William P Hetrick
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN,Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
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20
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Kong L, Cui H, Zhang T, Wang Y, Huang J, Zhu Y, Tang Y, Herold CJ, Schröder J, Cheung EFC, Chan RCK, Wang J. Neurological soft signs and grey matter abnormalities in individuals with ultra-high risk for psychosis. Psych J 2018; 8:252-260. [PMID: 30515993 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Neurological soft signs (NSSs), conventionally defined as subtle neurological abnormalities, are frequently found in individuals with schizophrenia. Many neuroimaging studies have also reported that NSSs are associated with grey matter changes in patients with schizophrenia at different stages of the illness. However, these findings may be confounded by the effect of antipsychotic medications, chronicity, and duration of untreated psychosis. Examining NSSs in individuals with ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis may help to identify the neuroanatomical substrates of NSSs related to the illness itself and to avoid these potential confounding effects. A sample of 21 individuals with UHR were included in the present study. NSSs were rated using the abridged version of the Cambridge Neurological Inventory. Grey matter volume was assessed using optimized voxel-based morphometry on images acquired by a high-resolution 3-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. We found that higher NSS scores in individuals with UHR were associated with decreased grey matter volume at the superior and medial frontal cortex, the rectal cortex, the pre- and post-central cortex, the insula, the caudate, and the cerebellum. Our results suggest that these brain structural characteristics may represent the neuroanatomical substrate of NSSs in individuals with UHR. These findings contribute to the understanding of the intrinsic features of psychosis associated with NSSs and may provide insights into pre-schizophrenia pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Kong
- College of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiru Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yikang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christina J Herold
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schröder
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eric F C Cheung
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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21
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Madsen KH, Krohne LG, Cai XL, Wang Y, Chan RCK. Perspectives on Machine Learning for Classification of Schizotypy Using fMRI Data. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:S480-S490. [PMID: 29554367 PMCID: PMC6188516 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging is capable of estimating functional activation and connectivity in the human brain, and lately there has been increased interest in the use of these functional modalities combined with machine learning for identification of psychiatric traits. While these methods bear great potential for early diagnosis and better understanding of disease processes, there are wide ranges of processing choices and pitfalls that may severely hamper interpretation and generalization performance unless carefully considered. In this perspective article, we aim to motivate the use of machine learning schizotypy research. To this end, we describe common data processing steps while commenting on best practices and procedures. First, we introduce the important role of schizotypy to motivate the importance of reliable classification, and summarize existing machine learning literature on schizotypy. Then, we describe procedures for extraction of features based on fMRI data, including statistical parametric mapping, parcellation, complex network analysis, and decomposition methods, as well as classification with a special focus on support vector classification and deep learning. We provide more detailed descriptions and software as supplementary material. Finally, we present current challenges in machine learning for classification of schizotypy and comment on future trends and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer H Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark,Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: +45 38622975; fax:+45 36351680; e-mail:
| | - Laerke G Krohne
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark,Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xin-lu Cai
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Dean DJ, Walther S, Bernard JA, Mittal VA. Motor clusters reveal differences in risk for psychosis, cognitive functioning, and thalamocortical connectivity: evidence for vulnerability subtypes. Clin Psychol Sci 2018; 6:721-734. [PMID: 30319928 PMCID: PMC6178957 DOI: 10.1177/2167702618773759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal development of parallel cortical-striatal networks may contribute to abnormal motor, cognitive, and affective behavior prior to the onset of psychosis. Partitioning individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) using motor behavior may provide a novel perspective on different etiological pathways or patient subtypes. A K-means cluster analysis was conducted in CHR (N=69; 42% female, mean age=18.67 years) young adults using theoretically distinct measures of motor behavior. The resulting subtypes were then compared on positive and negative symptoms at baseline, and 2-year risk of psychosis conversion. CHR participants were followed for 2 years to determine conversion to psychosis. CHR subtypes and healthy controls (N=61; 57% female, mean age=18.58 years) were compared on multiple cognitive domains and cortical-striatal connectivity. Results suggest 3 vulnerability subtypes of CHR individuals with different profiles of motor performance, symptoms, risk for conversion to psychosis, cognition, and thalamocortical connectivity. This approach may reflect a novel strategy for promoting tailored risk assessment as well as future research developing individualized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J. Dean
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boulder, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Boulder, Center for Neuroscience, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Sebastian Walther
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jessica A. Bernard
- Texas A&M University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
- Texas A&M University, Institute for Neuroscience, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Vijay A. Mittal
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL, USA
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago IL, USA
- Northwestern University, Institute for Policy Research, Evanston, IL, USA
- Northwestern University, Medical Social Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Evanston/Chicago, IL, USA
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23
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Schäppi L, Stegmayer K, Viher PV, Walther S. Distinct Associations of Motor Domains in Relatives of Schizophrenia Patients-Different Pathways to Motor Abnormalities in Schizophrenia? Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:129. [PMID: 29740353 PMCID: PMC5924816 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aberrant motor function is an integral part of schizophrenia. In fact, abnormalities are frequently found in patients, in populations at risk, and in unaffected relatives. Motor abnormalities are suspected to be relevant for the clinical outcome and could probably predict the conversion from at-risk individuals to schizophrenia. Furthermore, motor function has been argued as endophenotype of the disorder. Yet, which particular motor domain may classify as a potential endophenotype is unknown. We aimed to compare schizophrenia patients, unaffected first-degree relatives and healthy controls for different motor domains. We expected impairments in all domains in patients and in some domains in relatives. METHOD We included 43 schizophrenia patients, 34 unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients, and 29 healthy control subjects, matched for age, gender, and education level. We compared motor function of four motor domains between the groups. The domains comprise neurological soft signs (NSS), abnormal involuntary movements (dyskinesia), Parkinsonism, and fine motor function including simple [finger tapping (FT)] and complex fine motor function, (i.e., dexterity as measured with the coin rotation test). Furthermore, we tested the association of motor function of the four domains with working memory, frontal lobe function, and nonverbal intelligence for each group separately using within-group bivariate correlations. RESULTS Schizophrenia patients showed poorer motor function in all tested domains compared to healthy controls. First-degree relatives had intermediate ratings with aberrant function in two motor domains. In detail, relatives had significantly more NSS and performed poorer in the FT task than controls. In contrast, complex fine motor function was intact in relatives. Relatives did not differ from controls in dyskinesia or Parkinsonism severity. DISCUSSION Taken together, schizophrenia patients have motor abnormalities in all tested domains. Thus, motor abnormalities are a key element of the disorder. Likewise, first-degree relatives presented motor deficits in two domains. A clear difference between relatives and healthy controls was found for NSS and FT. Thus, NSS and FT may be potential markers of vulnerability for schizophrenia. The lack of association between genetic risk and dyskinesia or Parkinsonism suggests distinct pathobiological mechanisms in the various motor abnormalities in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Schäppi
- University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Petra V Viher
- University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Walther
- University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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