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Zhang L, Li L, Zhou M, Zhou QY, Tang JH, Liang M, Liu Q, Fu XF. Association of serum YKL-40 and DPP4 with T2-high asthma in Chinese adults. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37169. [PMID: 38335422 PMCID: PMC10860958 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the utility of serum YKL-40 and serum dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) as biomarkers for distinguishing between type 2 (T2)-high and T2-low asthma in the Chinese population. Additionally, we sought to explore the associations of serum YKL-40 and DPP4 levels with asthma characteristics and conventional markers. A real-world observational cross-sectional study was conducted, involving a total of 75 adult asthma patients. We collected general information, including demographics and medical history. Measurements included complete blood count, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), post-bronchodilator spirometry, serum YKL-40 and serum DPP4 levels. Asthma endotypes, T2-high and T2-low, were defined through a comprehensive review of existing literature and expert group discussions. Logistic and linear regression models were employed. Our findings indicated no significant association between serum YKL-40 or serum DPP4 levels and T2-high asthma across all models. In the fully adjusted model, their odds ratios (OR) were 0.967 (95% CI: 0.920-1.017) and 0.997 (95% CI: 0.993-1.001), respectively. Notably, serum YKL-40 exhibited a positive correlation with FeNO (β = 0.382, 95% CI: 0.230-0.533) after adjusting for confounding factors. This association, however, diminished in patients under 40 years old (P = .24), males (P = .25), and those with FEV1%pred of 80% or higher (P = .25). Serum DPP4 demonstrated a negative correlation with FEV1/FVC in the fully adjusted model (β: -0.005, 95% CI: -0.009, -0.000). Among Chinese adult asthma patients, a positive correlation was observed between serum YKL-40 levels and FeNO in females aged over 40 with FEV1%pred less than 80%. Additionally, a weak negative correlation was found between serum DPP4 levels and FEV1/FVC. However, neither serum YKL-40 nor serum DPP4 levels exhibited the capability to differentiate between T2-high and T2-low asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Yubei District of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People’s Hospital of Yubei District of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Yubei District of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian-Yun Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Yubei District of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Ji-Hong Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Yubei District of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Yubei District of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Yubei District of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Fu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Yubei District of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
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Han H, Choi YJ, Hong H, Kim CY, Byun MK, Cho JH, Lee JH, Park JW, Doherty TA, Park HJ. Effects of chitinase-1 inhibitor in obesity-induced and -aggravated asthma in a murine model. Life Sci 2023; 334:122163. [PMID: 37890698 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Despite recent investigations on the role of chitinase in asthma, its role in obesity-induced asthma has not been evaluated. Therefore, we investigated the roles of chitin, chitinase-1, and a chitinase-1 inhibitor (compound X, CPX) in a murine model. MAIN METHODS We assigned C57BL/6 mice to the ovalbumin (OVA) model or obesity model group. In the OVA model, mice received intraperitoneal OVA twice within a 2-week interval and intranasal OVA for 3 consecutive days. Additionally, chitin was intranasally administered for 3 consecutive days, and CPX was intraperitoneally injected three times over 5 days. In the obesity model, a high-fat diet (HFD) was maintained for 13 weeks, and CPX was intraperitoneally injected eight times over 4 weeks. KEY FINDINGS In the OVA model, chitin aggravated OVA-induced airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell proliferation, increased fibrosis, and increased the levels of various inflammatory cytokines (including chitinase-1, TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-13). CPX treatment significantly ameliorated these effects. In the obesity model, HFD significantly increased AHR, BALF cell proliferation, fibrosis, and the levels of various inflammatory cytokines. Particularly, compared to the control group, the mRNA expression of chitinase, chitinase-like molecules, and other molecules associated with inflammation and the immune system was significantly upregulated in the HFD and HFD/OVA groups. Immunofluorescence analysis also showed increased chitinase-1 expression in these groups. CPX significantly ameliorated all these effects in this model. SIGNIFICANCE This study showed that CPX can be an effective therapeutic agent in asthma, especially, obesity-induced and -aggravated asthma to protect against the progression to airway remodeling and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejae Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Jun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyerim Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chi Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Kwang Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Hwa Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taylor A Doherty
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hye Jung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Bantulà M, Arismendi E, Tubita V, Roca-Ferrer J, Mullol J, de Hollanda A, Sastre J, Valero A, Baos S, Cremades-Jimeno L, Cárdaba B, Picado C. Effect of Obesity on the Expression of Genes Associated with Severe Asthma-A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4398. [PMID: 37445432 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex condition resulting from the interaction of genes and environment. Obesity is a risk factor to develop asthma and contributes to poor response to asthma therapy and severity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of obesity on the expression levels of genes previously associated with severe asthma. Three groups of subjects were studied: non-obese asthmatics (NOA), obese asthma patients (OA), and non-asthmatic obese subjects (O). Previously reported overexpressed (IL-10, MSR1, PHLDA1, SERPINB2, and CD86) and underexpressed genes (CHI3L1, CPA3, IL-8, and PI3) in severe asthma were analyzed by RT-qPCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In the overexpressed genes, obesity significantly decreased the expression of MSR1 and PHLDA1 and had no effects on CD86, IL-10, and SERPINB2. In underexpressed genes, obesity did not affect PI3, CHI3L1, and IL-8 and significantly reduced CPA3 expression. The results of this study show that obesity should be included among the known factors that can contribute toward modifying the expression of genes associated with asthma and, in particular, severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bantulà
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ebymar Arismendi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valeria Tubita
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Roca-Ferrer
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana de Hollanda
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Fisopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Sastre
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Allergy Service, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Valero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Allergy Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Selene Baos
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Cremades-Jimeno
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Cárdaba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - César Picado
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Specjalski K, Romantowski J, Niedoszytko M. YKL-40 as a possible marker of neutrophilic asthma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1115938. [PMID: 36844232 PMCID: PMC9945318 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1115938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic disorder of the airways, with inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness as its major underlying phenomena. Asthmatics vary in terms of inflammation pattern, concomitant pathologies, and factors aggravating the course of the disease. As a result, there is a need for sensitive and specific biomarkers that could facilitate diagnosing asthma as well as phenotyping in everyday practice. Chitinases and chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) seem promising in this field. Chitinases are evolutionarily conserved hydrolases that degrade chitin. In contrast, CLPs bind chitin but do not have degrading activity. Mammalian chitinases and CLPs are produced by neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages in response to parasitic or fungal infections. Recently, several questions have been raised about their role in chronic airway inflammation. Several studies demonstrated that overexpression of CLP YKL-40 was associated with asthma. Moreover, it correlated with exacerbation rate, therapy resistance, poor control of symptoms, and, inversely, with FEV1. YKL-40 facilitated allergen sensitization and IgE production. Its concentration was elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after an allergen challenge. It was also found to promote the proliferation of bronchial smooth muscle cells and correlate with subepithelial membrane thickness. Thus, it may be involved in bronchial remodeling. Associations between YKL-40 and particular asthma phenotypes remain unclear. Some studies showed that YKL-40 correlates with blood eosinophilia and FeNO, suggesting a role in T2-high inflammation. Quite the opposite, cluster analyses revealed the highest upregulation in severe neutrophilic asthma and obesity-associated asthma. The main limitation in the practical application of YKL-40 as a biomarker is its low specificity. High serum levels of YKL-40 were also found in COPD and several malignancies, in addition to infectious and autoimmune diseases. To conclude, the level of YKL-40 correlates with asthma and some clinical features in the whole asthmatic population. The highest levels are found in neutrophilic and obesity-related phenotypes. However, due to its low specificity, the practical application of YKL-40 remains uncertain but could be useful in phenotyping, especially when combined with other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Romantowski
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marek Niedoszytko
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Bantulà M, Tubita V, Roca-Ferrer J, Mullol J, Valero A, Bobolea I, Pascal M, de Hollanda A, Vidal J, Picado C, Arismendi E. Differences in Inflammatory Cytokine Profile in Obesity-Associated Asthma: Effects of Weight Loss. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133782. [PMID: 35807067 PMCID: PMC9267201 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and asthma are associated with systemic inflammation maintained by mediators released by adipose tissue and lung. This study investigated the inflammatory serum mediator profile in obese subjects (O) (n = 35), non-obese asthma (NOA) patients (n = 14), obese asthmatics (OA) (n = 21) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 33). The effect of weight loss after bariatric surgery (BS) was examined in 10 OA and 31 O subjects. We analyzed serum markers including leptin, adiponectin, TGF-β1, TNFR2, MCP-1, ezrin, YKL-40, ST2, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-18. Compared with HC subjects, the O group showed increased levels of leptin, TGF-β1, TNFR2, MCP-1, ezrin, YKL-40, and ST2; the OA group presented increased levels of MCP-1, ezrin, YKL-40, and IL-18, and the NOA group had increased levels of ezrin, YKL-40, IL-5, and IL-18. The higher adiponectin/leptin ratio in NOA with respect to OA subjects was the only significant difference between the two groups. IL-9 was the only cytokine with significantly higher levels in OA with respect to O subjects. TNFR2, ezrin, MCP-1, and IL-18 concentrations significantly decreased in O subjects after BS. O, OA, and NOA showed distinct patterns of systemic inflammation. Leptin and adiponectin are regulated in asthma by obesity-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Combination of asthma and obesity does not result in significant additive effects on circulating cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bantulà
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.T.); (J.R.-F.); (J.M.); (A.V.); (I.B.); (A.d.H.); (J.V.); (C.P.); (E.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-932275400
| | - Valeria Tubita
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.T.); (J.R.-F.); (J.M.); (A.V.); (I.B.); (A.d.H.); (J.V.); (C.P.); (E.A.)
| | - Jordi Roca-Ferrer
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.T.); (J.R.-F.); (J.M.); (A.V.); (I.B.); (A.d.H.); (J.V.); (C.P.); (E.A.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.T.); (J.R.-F.); (J.M.); (A.V.); (I.B.); (A.d.H.); (J.V.); (C.P.); (E.A.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Valero
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.T.); (J.R.-F.); (J.M.); (A.V.); (I.B.); (A.d.H.); (J.V.); (C.P.); (E.A.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pulmonology and Allergy Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irina Bobolea
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.T.); (J.R.-F.); (J.M.); (A.V.); (I.B.); (A.d.H.); (J.V.); (C.P.); (E.A.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pulmonology and Allergy Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Pascal
- Immunology Department, CDB, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Ana de Hollanda
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.T.); (J.R.-F.); (J.M.); (A.V.); (I.B.); (A.d.H.); (J.V.); (C.P.); (E.A.)
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Fisopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.T.); (J.R.-F.); (J.M.); (A.V.); (I.B.); (A.d.H.); (J.V.); (C.P.); (E.A.)
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - César Picado
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.T.); (J.R.-F.); (J.M.); (A.V.); (I.B.); (A.d.H.); (J.V.); (C.P.); (E.A.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pulmonology and Allergy Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ebymar Arismendi
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (V.T.); (J.R.-F.); (J.M.); (A.V.); (I.B.); (A.d.H.); (J.V.); (C.P.); (E.A.)
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pulmonology and Allergy Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Pan R, Li Q, Zhu X, Zhou Y, Ding L, Cui Y. Diagnostic value of YKL-40 for patients with asthma: A meta-analysis. Allergy Asthma Proc 2021; 42:e167-e173. [PMID: 34871165 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2021.42.210078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective: YKL-40 is a highly conserved and chitin-bound human glycoprotein in mammals that is associated with airway inflammation and has no enzyme activity. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to assess the use of YKL-40 levels as a diagnosis of asthma. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted based on the data from medical literature data base searches with time restrictions of January 2007 to January 2021. We searched and extracted relevant information from a total of 15 studies that reported YKL-40 levels in patients with asthma and in healthy controls, and obtained a sample of 1647 patients with asthma and 1259 healthy controls. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for this study by using statistical software packages. Results: Serum YKL-40 levels were higher in the patients with asthma than in the healthy controls (SMD 1.36 ng/ml [95% CI, 0.82-1.89 ng/ml]). YKL-40 levels are elevated in pediatric patients with asthma (SMD 2.26 ng/ml [95% CI, 1.33-3.18 ng/ml]) and in adult patients with asthma (SMD 0.96 ng/ml [95% CI, 0.26-1.66 ng/ml]). In addition, a subgroup analysis of asthma disease status showed that YKL-40 levels were significantly increased in the patients with stable asthma (SMD 1.69 ng/ml [95% CI, 0.81-2.56 ng/ml]) and in those with acute exacerbation asthma (SMD 3.31 ng/ml [95% CI, 2.04-4.58 ng/ml]), and serum YKL-40 levels were significantly higher in patients with acute exacerbation asthma than in patients with stable asthma (SMD 1.49 ng/ml [95% CI, 0.50-2.48 ng/ml]). Conclusion: Results of this meta-analysis suggested that increased serum levels of YKL-40 in patients with asthma could be used as an emerging indicator for distinguishing individuals with asthma from healthy individuals.
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Jin Y, Song J, Xu F, Zhang D, He J, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Li J, Guo Y, Xu M, Yu X, Liu Y, Liu Q, Yan J. Association between YKL-40 and asthma: a systematic meta-analysis. Sleep Breath 2021; 26:1011-1022. [PMID: 34657273 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02495-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many studies have shown that chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), also known as YKL-40, is associated with asthma. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the role of serum YKL-40 in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of asthma, severity grading, and determination of disease state. METHODS The PubMed, Ovid, and Cochrane databases were searched. A total of 17 articles involving 5696 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. RESULTS The results showed that the level of YKL-40 was significantly higher in asthmatic patients than in the normal group regardless of age and residential location, and increased with severity and acute exacerbation (p < 0.05). YKL-40 levels were significantly different between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, and also between asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACO) and asthma (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION YKL-40 may act as a potential serological marker for the diagnosis of asthma, assessment of severity, indicator of the disease state, and differential diagnosis of COPD, ACO, and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jinfang He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jiakun Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jintong Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yikun Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Mengjiao Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiangfeng Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yanbin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Vezir E, Civelek E, Dibek Misirlioglu E, Toyran M, Capanoglu M, Karakus E, Kahraman T, Ozguner M, Demirel F, Gursel I, Kocabas CN. Effects of Obesity on Airway and Systemic Inflammation in Asthmatic Children. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2021; 182:679-689. [PMID: 33752210 DOI: 10.1159/000513809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obese asthma is a complex syndrome with certain phenotypes that differ in children and adults. There is no clear evidence regarding the presence of additive or synergistic pathological interaction between obesity and asthma in children. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to demonstrate the interaction of obesity and asthma in children in terms of airway and systemic inflammation by a controlled observational study. METHODS Four groups were formed: asthma obese (AO), asthma nonobese (ANO), non-AO (NAO), nonasthma nonobese (NANO). Spirometry test, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) test, skin prick test, serum inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, C3, C4, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, periostin, YKL-40, Type 1, and Type 2 cytokines) were conducted and evaluated in all participants. Sputum inflammatory cells (sputum eosinophils and neutrophils) were evaluated in patients who could produce induced sputum and obesity-asthma interactions were determined. RESULTS A total of 153 participants aged 6-18 years were included in the study, including the AO group (n = 46), the ANO group (n = 45), the NAO group (n = 30), and the NANO group (n = 32). IL-4 (p < 0.001), IL-5 (p < 0.001), IL-13 (p < 0.001), resistin (p < 0.001), and YKL-40 (p < 0.001) levels were higher in patients with asthma independent of obesity. The lowest adiponectin level was found in the AO group and obesity-asthma interaction was detected (p < 0.001). Sputum eosinophilia (p < 0.01), sputum neutrophilia (p < 0.01), and FeNO levels (p = 0.07) were higher in asthmatic patients independent of obesity. In the group with paucigranulocytic inflammation, resistin and YKL-40 levels were significantly lower than in the group without paucigranulocytic inflammation (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION No interaction was found between obesity and asthma in terms of airway inflammation. Interaction between obesity and asthma was shown in terms of adiponectin level and resistin/adiponectin and leptin/adiponectin ratios. It was found that serum YKL-40 and resistin levels could be associated with airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Vezir
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ankara Health Research and Application Center, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey,
| | - Ersoy Civelek
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ankara Children's Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Dibek Misirlioglu
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ankara Children's Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muge Toyran
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ankara Children's Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Capanoglu
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ankara Children's Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Karakus
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Children's Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tamer Kahraman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ihsan Dogramacı Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meltem Ozguner
- Department of Histology, Ankara Children's Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Demirel
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara Children's Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Gursel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ihsan Dogramacı Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Can Naci Kocabas
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
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Mackel JJ, Garth JM, Jones M, Ellis DA, Blackburn JP, Yu Z, Matalon S, Curtiss M, Lund FE, Hastie AT, Meyers DA, Steele C. Chitinase 3-like-1 protects airway function despite promoting type 2 inflammation during fungal-associated allergic airway inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L615-L626. [PMID: 33533316 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00528.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Mackel
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jaleesa M Garth
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - MaryJane Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Diandra A Ellis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Zhihong Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Miranda Curtiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Frances E Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Annette T Hastie
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Chad Steele
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
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10
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Przysucha N, Górska K, Krenke R. Chitinases and Chitinase-Like Proteins in Obstructive Lung Diseases - Current Concepts and Potential Applications. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:885-899. [PMID: 32368034 PMCID: PMC7185641 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s236640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitinases, enzymes that cleave chitin’s chain to low molecular weight chitooligomers, are widely distributed in nature. Mammalian chitinases belong to the 18-glycosyl-hydrolase family and can be divided into two groups: true chitinases with enzymatic activity (AMCase and chitotriosidase) and chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) molecules which can bind to chitin or chitooligosaccharides but lack enzymatic activity (eg, YKL-40). Chitinases are thought to be part of an innate immunity against chitin-containing parasites and fungal infections. Both groups of these hydrolases are lately evaluated also as chemical mediators or biomarkers involved in airway inflammation and fibrosis. The aim of this article is to present the current knowledge on the potential role of human chitinases and CLPs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and course of obstructive lung diseases. We also assessed the potential role of chitinase and CLPs inhibitors as therapeutic targets in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Przysucha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Górska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafal Krenke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Chimponda TN, Mduluza T. Inflammation during Schistosoma haematobium infection and anti-allergy in pre-school-aged children living in a rural endemic area in Zimbabwe. Trop Med Int Health 2020; 25:618-623. [PMID: 31990094 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergies and autoimmune disorders are less prevalent in areas where parasitic infections are abundant. The relationship between schistosomiasis, Chitinase 3-Like 1 protein (YKL-40), an inflammatory marker, and antinuclear antibodies (ANA), an allergy marker, was investigated in pre-school-aged children (1-5 years old) living in an area endemic to Schistosoma haematobium infection. METHODS Cross-sectional study including 145 participants, 66 females and 79 males. S. haematobium infection was diagnosed using the urine filtration technique. Levels of YKL-40 and antinuclear antibodies concentrations were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The prevalence of S. haematobium infection was 21.4 % (n = 31) with 114 not infected, 18 with light and 13 with moderate infections. YKL-40 levels were higher in the S. haematobium-infected group than in the uninfected group (P = 0.038). However, S. haematobium infection intensity did not correlate with YKL-40 levels. ANA levels were significantly higher in uninfected children than in infected children (P = 0.028). There was a significant inverse relationship between ANA levels and schistosome infection intensity (r = -0.225, P = 0.016). The correlation between ANA levels and YKL-40 levels was not significant. CONCLUSION Inflammatory marker in pre-school-aged children living in an area endemic for schistosomiasis indicate YKL-40 as a possible biomarker of S. haematobium infection in pre-school-aged children, warranting further investigations in a longitudinal study. The study gives an insight into allergy as ANA levels were higher in schistosome-uninfected than infected participants, further studies on allergies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takafira Mduluza
- Biochemistry Department, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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12
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Majewski S, Tworek D, Szewczyk K, Kiszałkiewicz J, Kurmanowska Z, Brzeziańska-Lasota E, Jerczyńska H, Antczak A, Piotrowski WJ, Górski P. Overexpression of chitotriosidase and YKL-40 in peripheral blood and sputum of healthy smokers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14:1611-1631. [PMID: 31413557 PMCID: PMC6660640 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s184097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the absence of endogenous chitin in humans, chitinases are present in the serum of healthy subjects and their levels are increased in a variety of chronic inflammatory conditions. It has been shown that chitotriosidase and structurally related chitinase-like protein-YKL-40 contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD. However, details regarding the relation of their systemic and local airways levels remain unknown. Objectives To examine peripheral blood and sputum chitotriosidase and YKL-40 expression in smokers and patients with COPD. Methods Forty patients with COPD, 20 healthy smokers and 10 healthy never-smokers were studied. Serum and induced sputum chitotriosidase protein and activity levels, YKL-40 concentrations, and their gene expression in sputum cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were evaluated. Results Both chitotriosidase protein levels and activity were higher in sputum obtained from COPD subjects compared to healthy never-smokers (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). A similar pattern was observed for PBMC chitotriosidase mRNA expression (P<0.001). YKL-40 serum concentrations were elevated in healthy smokers and COPD subjects compared to healthy never-smokers (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively). In sputum, YKL-40 levels were increased in COPD compared to healthy never-smokers (P<0.01). PBMC YKL-40 mRNA expression was increased in COPD and healthy smokers compared to healthy never-smokers (P<0.0001). No associations were found between chitotriosidase or YKL-40 peripheral blood levels and sputum levels. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that chitotriosidase and YKL-40 are overexpressed in peripheral blood and airways in both healthy smokers and COPD subjects which may indicate smoking-related activation of macrophages, neutrophils, and epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Majewski
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Damian Tworek
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Szewczyk
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Zofia Kurmanowska
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Hanna Jerczyńska
- Central Scientific Laboratory (CoreLab), Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Antczak
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Górski
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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13
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Park CE, Park SH. Investigation of the Molecular Diagnostic Market in Animals. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2019.51.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Molecular Diagnostics Research Institute, Namseoul University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sung-Ha Park
- IVD R&D Group, IVD Business Team, Health and Medical Equipment Division, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, Korea
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14
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Yang X, Sheng G. YKL-40 levels are associated with disease severity and prognosis of viral pneumonia, but not available in bacterial pneumonia in children. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:381. [PMID: 30514252 PMCID: PMC6280336 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Viral pneumonia is the main type of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. YKL-40, a chitinase-like protein, is regarded as a biomarker of the degree of inflammation. Methods Children who were diagnosed with CAP, including viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, and dual infection, were included in the cohort study. The pathogenic diagnosis depended on PCR and immunoassay test. YKL-40 levels were examined twice by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Results Serum YKL-40 levels were higher in patients with pneumonia than in healthy controls. The admission levels of YKL-40 in serum and Bronchoalveolar lavage (BALFs) indicated a positive correlation with the serum levels of C-reactive protein and other inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α). The disease severity have no correlation with the admission serum levels of YKL-40. Meanwhile, reductions in YKL-40 levels from initial admission levels to day 5 post-admission were correlated with disease severity. The multiple logistic analysis indicated the decreased extent of serum YKL-40 level as an independent prognostic predictor of severe cases in patients with viral pneumonia. Conclusions Reductions in serum YKL-40 levels on day 5 after receiving therapy is a possible prognostic biomarker for children with viral pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingge Yang
- Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Guangyao Sheng
- Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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15
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El Basha NR, Osman HM, Abdelaal AA, Saed SM, Shaaban HH. Increased expression of serum periostin and YKL40 in children with severe asthma and asthma exacerbation. J Investig Med 2018; 66:1102-1108. [PMID: 29970479 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2017-000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Children with severe asthma or acute asthma exacerbation may encounter difficulties in performing pulmonary function tests. In this situation, serum biomarkers can play a great role in evaluation of such patients. The aim of this study was to estimate the serum levels of human chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL40) and periostin in a group of Egyptian children with asthma during acute asthma exacerbation and in stable asthmatics compared with healthy control, and to correlate these findings with the severity of asthma. This cross-sectional study enrolled 120 childrenwith asthma with different degrees of asthma severity, according to the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines, along with 60 age-matched and sex-matched healthy control. A complete blood count and an estimation of serum periostin and YKL40 levels were performed for all cases and control. Individual and mean values of periostin and YKL40 were significantly higher during acute asthma exacerbations, p<0.001. A highly significant relation between serum levels of periostin and YKL40 and asthma severity, p value for each was <0.001. Absolute eosinophil count was significantly correlated with the serum periostin levels in stable asthmatic group (p=0.01) only. There was significantly positive correlation (P<0.001) between both markers in stable asthmatic group. Spearman's correlation coefficient shows a statistically significant positive correlation between both markers and patient's age and duration of asthma, p value for each was 0.001. These findings highlight the importance of periostin and YKL40 as serum biomarkers for assessment of asthma severity and acute asthma exacerbations in children with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noussa Ragab El Basha
- Pediatric Department, Cairo University Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan Mohsen Osman
- Pediatric Department, Cairo University Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amaal Abdo Abdelaal
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salma Mohamed Saed
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala Hamdy Shaaban
- Pediatric Department, Cairo University Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Chitinase-like proteins as regulators of innate immunity and tissue repair: helpful lessons for asthma? Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:141-151. [PMID: 29351964 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases and chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) belong to the glycoside hydrolase family 18 of proteins. Chitinases are expressed in mammals and lower organisms, facilitate chitin degradation, and hence act as host-defence enzymes. Gene duplication and loss-of-function mutations of enzymatically active chitinases have resulted in the expression of a diverse range of CLPs across different species. CLPs are genes that are increasingly associated with inflammation and tissue remodelling not only in mammals but also across distant species. While the focus has remained on understanding the functions and expression patterns of CLPs during disease in humans, studies in mouse and lower organisms have revealed important and overlapping roles of the CLP family during physiology, host defence and pathology. This review will summarise recent insights into the regulatory functions of CLPs on innate immune pathways and discuss how these effects are not only important for host defence and tissue injury/repair after pathogen invasion, but also how they have extensive implications for pathological processes involved in diseases such as asthma.
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17
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The role of YKL40 in the pathogenesis of CRS with nasal polyps. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 275:431-438. [PMID: 29299744 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many Chinese patients who experience chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) have been shown to exhibit specifically enhanced TH1/TH17 responses and excessive neutrophil accumulation without demonstrating significant eosinophilia. These patients may be subject to different pathologies and therapies compared to Western patients. YKL40 can be produced by neutrophil and is associated with many inflammatory diseases, while its role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has yet to be determined. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the expression level and biologic role of YKL40 in CRS. METHODS YKL40 expression was examined via quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. Human nasal epithelia cells (HNECs) were isolated to detect YKL40 expression in response to specific inflammatory stimulation. RESULTS YKL40 expression levels were significantly higher in NP patients compared to the turbinates of CRSsNP/CRSwNP and the control group and can be strongly activated by stimulation with IL-4 in vitro and suppressed by the other pro-inflammatory cytokines; lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and dexamethasone also caused significant decreases in YKL40 expression in HNECs. CONCLUSIONS YKL40 may play a significant role in Chinese patients with CRSwNP. The molecular mechanisms identified here may aid in the design of new therapeutic strategies for improving the clinical outcomes of Chinese patients.
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18
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Obesity and Asthma: A Missing Link. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071490. [PMID: 28696379 PMCID: PMC5535980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and asthma are two chronic conditions that affect millions of people. Genetic and lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, and early exposure to micro-organisms are important factors that may contribute to the escalating prevalence of both conditions. The prevalence of asthma is higher in obese individuals. Recently, two major phenotypes of asthma with obesity have been described: one phenotype of early-onset asthma that is aggravated by obesity, and a second phenotype of later-onset asthma that predominantly affects women. Systemic inflammation and mechanical effect, both due to the expansion of the adipose tissue, have been proposed as the main reasons for the association between obesity and asthma. However, the mechanisms involved are not yet fully understood. Moreover, it has also been suggested that insulin resistance syndrome can have a role in the association between these conditions. The intestinal microbiota is an important factor in the development of the immune system, and can be considered a link between obesity and asthma. In the obese state, higher lipopolysaccharide (LPS) serum levels as a consequence of a microbiota dysbiosis have been found. In addition, changes in microbiota composition result in a modification of carbohydrate fermentation capacity, therefore modifying short chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels. The main objective of this review is to summarize the principal findings that link obesity and asthma.
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19
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Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 (YKL-40) Reflects the Severity of Symptoms in Atopic Dermatitis. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:5746031. [PMID: 28660216 PMCID: PMC5474268 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5746031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) is suggested to be associated with type 2 T helper response and atopy. The aim of the study was the evaluation of serum YKL-40 level in atopic dermatitis. The study was performed on 59 patients: 27 males and 32 females, aged from 18 to 64 years. The severity of the disease was assessed by the SCORAD and objective SCORAD indexes. The severity of pruritus was measured by the visual analogue scale. Blood samples were taken to examine serum level of YKL-40, total IgE level, C-reactive protein level, white blood cell count, and neutrophil count. YKL-40 serum levels were significantly higher in patients with atopic dermatitis compared to the controls. There was a positive correlation between YKL-40 concentration and SCORAD, objective SCORAD, and pruritus. This study has shown that YKL-40 serum level is increased in patients with atopic dermatitis and reflects the severity of symptoms.
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20
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YKL-40-Induced Inhibition of miR-590-3p Promotes Interleukin-18 Expression and Angiogenesis of Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050920. [PMID: 28448439 PMCID: PMC5454833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
YKL-40, also known as human cartilage glycoprotein-39 or chitinase-3-like-1, is a pro-inflammatory protein that is highly expressed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Angiogenesis is a critical step in the pathogenesis of RA, promoting the infiltration of inflammatory cells into joints and providing oxygen and nutrients to RA pannus. In this study, we examined the effects of YKL-40 in the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18), and the stimulation of angiogenesis and accumulation of osteoblasts. We observed that YKL-40 induces IL-18 production in osteoblasts and thereby stimulates angiogenesis of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). We found that this process occurs through the suppression of miR-590-3p via the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. YKL-40 inhibition reduced angiogenesis in in vivo models of angiogenesis: the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and Matrigel plug models. We report that YKL-40 stimulates IL-18 expression in osteoblasts and facilitates EPC angiogenesis.
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21
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James AJ, Reinius LE, Verhoek M, Gomes A, Kupczyk M, Hammar U, Ono J, Ohta S, Izuhara K, Bel E, Kere J, Söderhäll C, Dahlén B, Boot RG, Dahlén SE. Increased YKL-40 and Chitotriosidase in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:131-42. [PMID: 26372680 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201504-0760oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Serum chitinases may be novel biomarkers of airway inflammation and remodeling, but less is known about factors regulating their levels. OBJECTIVES To examine serum chitotriosidase activity and YKL-40 levels in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and evaluate clinically relevant factors that may affect chitinase levels, including genetic variability, corticosteroid treatment, disease exacerbations, and allergen exposure. METHODS Serum chitotriosidase (CHIT1) activity and YKL-40 (CHI3L1) levels, as well as the CHIT1 rs3831317 and CHI3L1 rs4950928 genotypes, were examined in subsets of patients with mild to moderate asthma (n = 76), severe asthma (n = 93), and COPD (n = 64) taking part in the European multicenter BIOAIR (Longitudinal Assessment of Clinical Course and Biomarkers in Severe Chronic Airway Disease) study. Blood was obtained at baseline, before and after a 2-week oral steroid intervention, up to six times during a 1-year period, and during exacerbations. Baseline chitinase levels were also measured in 72 healthy control subjects. The effect of allergen inhalation on blood and sputum YKL-40 levels was measured in two separate groups of patients with mild atopic asthma; one group underwent repeated low-dose allergen challenge (n = 15), and the other underwent high-dose allergen challenge (n = 16). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Serum chitotriosidase and YKL-40 were significantly elevated in patients with asthma and those with COPD compared with healthy control subjects. Genotype and age strongly affected both YKL-40 and chitotriosidase activity, but associations with disease remained following adjustment for these factors. Correlations were observed with lung function but not with other biomarkers, including exhaled nitric oxide, blood eosinophils, periostin, and IgE. Generally, acute exacerbations, allergen-induced airway obstruction, and corticosteroid treatment did not affect circulating chitinase levels. CONCLUSIONS YKL-40 and chitotriosidase are increased in asthma and more so in COPD. The data in the present study support these substances as being relatively steroid-insensitive, non-T-helper cell type 2-type biomarkers distinctly related to chronic inflammatory disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J James
- 1 Institute of Environmental Medicine.,2 Center for Allergy Research
| | - Lovisa E Reinius
- 2 Center for Allergy Research.,3 Center for Innovative Medicine, and.,4 Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marri Verhoek
- 5 Department of Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Gomes
- 1 Institute of Environmental Medicine.,2 Center for Allergy Research
| | - Maciej Kupczyk
- 1 Institute of Environmental Medicine.,2 Center for Allergy Research
| | | | - Junya Ono
- 6 Shino-Test Corporation, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Izuhara
- 8 Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Elisabeth Bel
- 9 Department of Pulmonology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Juha Kere
- 2 Center for Allergy Research.,3 Center for Innovative Medicine, and.,4 Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- 2 Center for Allergy Research.,3 Center for Innovative Medicine, and.,4 Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbro Dahlén
- 2 Center for Allergy Research.,10 Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf G Boot
- 5 Department of Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlén
- 1 Institute of Environmental Medicine.,2 Center for Allergy Research
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22
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Kzhyshkowska J, Gudima A, Moganti K, Gratchev A, Orekhov A. Perspectives for Monocyte/Macrophage-Based Diagnostics of Chronic Inflammation. Transfus Med Hemother 2016; 43:66-77. [PMID: 27226789 DOI: 10.1159/000444943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-grade chronic inflammation underlies the development of the most dangerous cardiometabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes and its vascular complications. In contrast to acute inflammation induced by bacteria and viruses, chronic inflammation can be driven by abnormal reaction to endogenous factors, including Th2 cytokines, metabolic factors like advanced glycation end products (AGEs), modified lipoproteins, or hyperglycemia. The key innate immune cells that recognize these factors in blood circulation are monocytes. Inflammatory programming of monocytes which migrate into tissues can, in turn, result into generation of tissue macrophages with pathological functions. Therefore, determination of the molecular and functional phenotype of circulating monocytes is a very promising diagnostic tool for the identification of hidden inflammation, which can precede the development of the pathology. Here we propose a new test system for the identification of inflammatory programming of monocytes: surface biomarkers and ex vivo functional system. We summarize the current knowledge about surface biomarkers for monocyte subsets, including CD16, CCR2, CX3CR1, CD64, stabilin-1 and CD36, and their association with inflammatory human disorders. Furthermore, we present the design of an ex vivo monocyte-based test system with minimal set of parameters as a potential diagnostic tool for the identification of personalized inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany; Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexandru Gudima
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kondaiah Moganti
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexei Gratchev
- Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
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23
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Mohammed IA, Diab SM, Soliman DR, Shalaby WA. Study of serum YKL-40 in children with bronchial asthma. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epag.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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24
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Sim DW, Lee JH. Biomarkers of adult asthma and personalized medicine. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2016.4.1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Woon Sim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Ilmarinen P, Tuomisto LE, Kankaanranta H. Phenotypes, Risk Factors, and Mechanisms of Adult-Onset Asthma. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:514868. [PMID: 26538828 PMCID: PMC4619972 DOI: 10.1155/2015/514868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with many phenotypes, and age at disease onset is an important factor in separating the phenotypes. Genetic factors, atopy, and early respiratory tract infections are well-recognized factors predisposing to childhood-onset asthma. Adult-onset asthma is more often associated with obesity, smoking, depression, or other life-style or environmental factors, even though genetic factors and respiratory tract infections may also play a role in adult-onset disease. Adult-onset asthma is characterized by absence of atopy and is often severe requiring treatment with high dose of inhaled and/or oral steroids. Variety of risk factors and nonatopic nature of adult-onset disease suggest that variety of mechanisms is involved in the disease pathogenesis and that these mechanisms differ from the pathobiology of childhood-onset asthma with prevailing Th2 airway inflammation. Recognition of the mechanisms and mediators that drive the adult-onset disease helps to develop novel strategies for the treatment. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of adult-onset asthma and to concentrate on the mechanisms and mediators involved in establishing adult-onset asthma in response to specific risk factors. We also discuss the involvement of these mechanisms in the currently recognized phenotypes of adult-onset asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinja Ilmarinen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Leena E. Tuomisto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Hannu Kankaanranta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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