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Wan R, Jiang J, Hu C, Chen X, Chen C, Zhao B, Hu X, Zheng Z, Li Y. Correction for: Neutrophil extracellular traps amplify neutrophil recruitment and inflammation in neutrophilic asthma by stimulating the airway epithelial cells to activate the TLR4/ NF-κB pathway and secrete chemokines. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7505-7506. [PMID: 38688684 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun Wan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cen Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bingrong Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Yang H, Park G, Lee S, Lee S, Kim Y, Zamora NA, Yi D, Kim S, Choi CW, Choi S, Park YH. Anti-inflammatory effect of Trichospira verticillata via suppression of the NLRP3 inflammasome in neutrophilic asthma. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18356. [PMID: 38668995 PMCID: PMC11048967 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Trichospira verticillata is an annual herb that belongs to the family Asteraceae. Trichospira verticillata extract (TVE) elicits anti-plasmodial activity; however, there has been no detailed report about its anti-inflammatory effects and molecular mechanisms. In addition, herbal plants exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome. Therefore, the primary goal of this study was to examine the effects of TVE on NLRP3 inflammasome activation by measuring interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion. We treated lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-primed J774A.1 and THP-1 cells with TVE, which attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Notably, TVE did not affect nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling or intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and potassium efflux, suggesting that it inactivates the NLRP3 inflammasome via other mechanisms. Moreover, TVE suppressed the formation of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) speck and oligomerization. Immunoprecipitation data revealed that TVE reduced the binding of NLRP3 to NIMA-related kinase 7 (NEK7), resulting in reduced ASC oligomerization and speck formation. Moreover, TVE alleviated neutrophilic asthma (NA) symptoms in mice. This study demonstrates that TVE modulates the binding of NLPR3 to NEK7, thereby reporting novel insights into the mechanism by which TVE inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome. These findings suggest TVE as a potential therapeutic of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated diseases, particularly NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyun Yang
- Department of MicrobiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonRepublic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesGraduate School of Ajou UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Gunwoo Park
- Department of Biomedical SciencesGraduate School of Ajou UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea
- Department of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Sojung Lee
- Department of MicrobiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonRepublic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesGraduate School of Ajou UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Sumin Lee
- Department of MicrobiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonRepublic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesGraduate School of Ajou UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - YeJi Kim
- Department of MicrobiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonRepublic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesGraduate School of Ajou UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Nelson A. Zamora
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio)Santo DomingoCosta Rica
| | - Dong‐Keun Yi
- International Biological Material Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Soo‐Yong Kim
- International Biological Material Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Chun Whan Choi
- Natural Biomaterial TeamGyeonggi Bio‐CenterSuwonRepublic of Korea
| | - Sangho Choi
- International Biological Material Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Park
- Department of MicrobiologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonRepublic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical SciencesGraduate School of Ajou UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea
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Tagé BSS, Gonzatti MB, Vieira RP, Keller AC, Bortoluci KR, Aimbire F. Three Main SCFAs Mitigate Lung Inflammation and Tissue Remodeling Nlrp3-Dependent in Murine HDM-Induced Neutrophilic Asthma. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-01983-x. [PMID: 38329636 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-01983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophilic asthma is generally defined by poorly controlled symptoms and high levels of neutrophils in the lungs. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are proposed as nonpharmacological therapy for allergic asthma, but their impact on the neutrophilic asthma lacks evidence. SCFAs regulate immune cell responses and impact the inflammasome NLRP3, a potential pharmacological target for neutrophilic asthma. Here, we explored the capacity of SCFAs to mitigate murine-induced neutrophilic asthma and the contribution of NLRP3 to this asthma. The objective of this study is to analyze whether SCFAs can attenuate lung inflammation and tissue remodeling in murine neutrophilic asthma and NLRP3 contribution to this endotype. Wild-type (WT) C57BL6 mice orotracheally received 10 μg of HDM (house dust mite) in 80 μL of saline on days 0, 6-10. To explore SCFAs, each HDM group received 200 mM acetate, propionate, or butyrate. To explore NLRP3, Nlrp3 KO mice received the same protocol of HDM. On the 14th day, after euthanasia, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs were collected to evaluate cellularity, inflammatory cytokines, and tissue remodeling. HDM group had increased BALF neutrophil influx, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A, collagen deposition, and mucus secretion compared to control. SCFAs distinctively attenuate lung inflammation. Only features of tissue remodeling were Nlrp3-dependent such as collagen deposition, mucus secretion, active TGF-β cytokine, and IMs CD206+. SCFAs greatly decreased inflammatory cytokines and tissue remodeling. Only tissue remodeling was dependent on NLRP3. It reveals the potential of SCFAs to act as an additional therapy to mitigate neutrophilic asthma and the NLRP3 contribution to asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara S S Tagé
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, 12247-014, Brazil.
| | - Michelangelo B Gonzatti
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, 05468-901, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Human Movement and Rehabilitation and in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Evangelical University of Goiás (UniEvangélica), Anápolis, GO, 75083-515, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering, University Brasil, São Paulo, SP, 08230-030, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, 11010-150, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C Keller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, 05468-901, Brazil
| | - Karina R Bortoluci
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Flávio Aimbire
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, 12247-014, Brazil
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhang Y, Zhao P, Li Y. Aerosolization inhalation of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane vesicles contributing to neutrophilic asthma. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1226633. [PMID: 37564280 PMCID: PMC10411346 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1226633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophilic asthma is poorly responsive to corticosteroids, and the mechanism underlying its pathogenesis remains unclear. Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is the most common bacterium found in induced sputum from patients with neutrophilic asthma. NTHi can release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which transfer biomolecules to host cells and the external environment. However, the role and mechanisms of NTHi OMVs in the pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma remain unclear. Methods We conducted assays to investigate whether NTHi OMVs can induce neutrophilic asthma when inhaled. We isolated and purified NTHi OMVs and administered them via a nebulizer to ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice. We collected and sequenced serum, blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue from each group and gathered lung function data. Results Inhaled NTHi OMVs-induced neutrophilic asthma in OVA-sensitized mice. High-throughput sequencing revealed that NTHi OMV inhalation in OVA-sensitized mice significantly enriched inflammatory and immune-related signaling pathways. We found increased transcription and secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-17, which may contribute to neutrophilic asthma. Furthermore, we discovered that airway epithelium is the first receptor cell of NTHi OMVs and releases IL-1β. These findings suggest that NTHi OMVs could be a potential target for neutrophilic asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yanan Li
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Wu D, Zhang X, Zimmerly KM, Wang R, Livingston A, Iwawaki T, Kumar A, Wu X, Mandell MA, Liu M, Yang XO. Unconventional Activation of IRE1 Enhances TH17 Responses and Promotes Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.30.547286. [PMID: 37461622 PMCID: PMC10349957 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.30.547286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Treatment-refractory severe asthma manifests a neutrophilic phenotype associated with TH17 responses. Heightened unfolded protein responses (UPRs) are associated with the risk of asthma, including severe asthma. However, how UPRs participate in the deregulation of TH17 cells leading to this type of asthma remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of the UPR sensor IRE1 in TH17 cell function and neutrophilic airway inflammation. We found that IRE1 is induced in fungal asthma and is highly expressed in TH17 cells relative to naïve CD4+ T cells. Cytokine (e.g. IL-23) signals induce the IRE1-XBP1s axis in a JAK2-dependent manner. This noncanonical activation of the IRE1-XBP1s pathway promotes UPRs and cytokine secretion by TH17 cells. Ern1 (encoding IRE1)-deficiency decreases the expression of ER stress factors and impairs the differentiation and cytokine secretion of TH17 cells. Genetic ablation of Ern1 leads to alleviated TH17 responses and airway neutrophilia in a Candida albicans asthma model. Consistently, IL-23 activates the JAK2-IRE1-XBP1s pathway in vivo and enhances TH17 responses and neutrophilic infiltration into the airway. Taken together, our data indicate that IRE1, noncanonically activated by cytokine signals, promotes neutrophilic airway inflammation through the UPRmediated secretory function of TH17 cells. The findings provide a novel insight into the fundamental understanding of IRE1 in TH17-biased TH2-low asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Kourtney M. Zimmerly
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Amanda Livingston
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Division of Cell Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Michael A. Mandell
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Xuexian O. Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Yang D, Li Y, Liu T, Yang L, He L, Huang T, Zhang L, Luo J, Liu C. IL-1β promotes IL-17A production of ILC3s to aggravate neutrophilic airway inflammation in mice. Immunology 2023. [PMID: 36988516 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-17A-producing group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have been found to participate in the development of various phenotypes of asthma, however, little is known about how ILC3s mediate neutrophilic airway inflammation. Elevated IL-1β has been reported in neutrophilic asthma (NA) and IL-1β receptor is highly expressed on lung ILC3s. Therefore, we hypothesize that IL-1β aggravates neutrophilic airway inflammation via provoking IL-17A-producing ILC3s. We sought to determine the pathological roles of the IL-1β-ILC3-IL-17A axis in neutrophilic airway inflammation. Lung ILC subsets were measured in eosinophilic asthma (ovalbumin [OVA]/Alum) and NA (OVA/lipopolysaccharides [LPS]) murine models. Rag2-/- (lacking adaptive immunity), RORc-/- (lacking transcription factor RORγt), Rag2-/- RORc-/- (lacking adaptive immunity and ILC3s), and ILCs depletion mice were used to verify the roles of ILC3s in neutrophilic airway inflammation by measurement of CXCL-1, IL-17A, IL-22 and neutrophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), detection of Muc5ac in lung tissues, and quantification of IL-17A-producing ILC3s after treatment of anti-IL-17A or recombinant IL-1β (rIL-1β) and its monoclonal antibody. NLRP3, Caspase 1 and their induction of IL-1β were detected in lung tissues of OVA/LPS-induced mice. The OVA/LPS model was characterized by an enrichment of airway neutrophilia, lung RORγt+ ILC3s and Th17 cytokines (IL-17A and IL-22) and neutrophilic chemokine C-X-C motif (chemokine) ligand 1 (CXCL-1), compared to the phenotypic features of airway eosinophilia, GATA3+ ILC2s and type-2 cytokines in OVA/Alum model. The concentration of CXCL-1 and neutrophil counts in BALF were decreased by anti-IL-17A. RORγt deficiency led to a decrease in IL-17A and CXCL-1 levels and neutrophil counts in BALF. ILC depletion in Rag2-/- mice ameliorated OVA/LPS-induced IL-17A, IL-22, CXCL-1 and airway neutrophil counts. IL-17A-producing ILCs and BALF neutrophil counts were significantly lower in Rag2-/- RORc-/- mice than those in Rag2-/- mice. IL-1β was highly expressed in BALF and bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) in OVA/LPS model, and administration of rIL-1β substantially aggravated airway inflammation and promoted upregulation of RORγt+ and IL-17A-producing lung ILC3s, which were reversed by anti-IL-1β. NLRP3 and Caspase 1 expressions were enhanced by OVA/LPS, and their inhibitors abolished the OVA/LPS-induced IL-1β in BECs. ILC3s play a pathogenic role in the pathogenesis of NA, which is triggered by IL-1β via promoting IL-17A production of lung ILC3s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi'na Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixiu He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingxuan Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chuntao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Specjalski K, Romantowski J, Niedoszytko M. YKL-40 as a possible marker of neutrophilic asthma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1115938. [PMID: 36844232 PMCID: PMC9945318 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1115938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic disorder of the airways, with inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness as its major underlying phenomena. Asthmatics vary in terms of inflammation pattern, concomitant pathologies, and factors aggravating the course of the disease. As a result, there is a need for sensitive and specific biomarkers that could facilitate diagnosing asthma as well as phenotyping in everyday practice. Chitinases and chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) seem promising in this field. Chitinases are evolutionarily conserved hydrolases that degrade chitin. In contrast, CLPs bind chitin but do not have degrading activity. Mammalian chitinases and CLPs are produced by neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages in response to parasitic or fungal infections. Recently, several questions have been raised about their role in chronic airway inflammation. Several studies demonstrated that overexpression of CLP YKL-40 was associated with asthma. Moreover, it correlated with exacerbation rate, therapy resistance, poor control of symptoms, and, inversely, with FEV1. YKL-40 facilitated allergen sensitization and IgE production. Its concentration was elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after an allergen challenge. It was also found to promote the proliferation of bronchial smooth muscle cells and correlate with subepithelial membrane thickness. Thus, it may be involved in bronchial remodeling. Associations between YKL-40 and particular asthma phenotypes remain unclear. Some studies showed that YKL-40 correlates with blood eosinophilia and FeNO, suggesting a role in T2-high inflammation. Quite the opposite, cluster analyses revealed the highest upregulation in severe neutrophilic asthma and obesity-associated asthma. The main limitation in the practical application of YKL-40 as a biomarker is its low specificity. High serum levels of YKL-40 were also found in COPD and several malignancies, in addition to infectious and autoimmune diseases. To conclude, the level of YKL-40 correlates with asthma and some clinical features in the whole asthmatic population. The highest levels are found in neutrophilic and obesity-related phenotypes. However, due to its low specificity, the practical application of YKL-40 remains uncertain but could be useful in phenotyping, especially when combined with other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Romantowski
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marek Niedoszytko
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Lin Q, Ni H, Zhong J, Zheng Z, Nie H. Identification of hub genes and potential biomarkers of neutrophilic asthma: evidence from a bioinformatics analysis. J Asthma 2023; 60:348-359. [PMID: 35286184 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2022.2051544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. This study mainly sought to provide potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for neutrophilic asthma (NA). METHODS Three gene expression profiling datasets were obtained from the Genome Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GSE45111 and GSE41863 were used to identify hub genes and potential biomarkers, and GSE137268 was used for data verification. We verified the repeatability of intragroup data and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, we conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of the DEGs, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify the hub genes. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to verify the ability of the hub genes to differentiate between NA and eosinophilic asthma (EA). RESULTS In this study, we identified 411 DEGs by comprehensive analysis of NA/EA patients and NA/healthy controls (HCs). Ten hub genes (CXCR1, FCGR3B, CXCR2, SELL, S100A12, CSF3R, IL6R, JAK3, CD48, and GNG2) were identified from the PPI network. Finally, based on the ROC analysis, 7 genes showed good diagnostic value for discriminating NA from EA-CXCR1, FCGR3B, CXCR2, SELL, S100A12, CSF3R, and IL6R (AUC > 0.7). CONCLUSION We identified 7 hub genes that can distinguish NA from EA. The IL-8-mediated signaling may be the primary pathway to determine the NA phenotype in asthma. CXCR1/2 and S100A12 may be the primary genes determining the NA phenotype. CXCR1/2 and S100A12 might be biomarkers and new therapeutic targets for NA. Supplemental data for this article is available online at at.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haiyang Ni
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jieying Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhishui Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hanxiang Nie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Yang L, Zheng Y, Miao YM, Yan WX, Geng YZ, Dai Y, Wei ZF. Bergenin, a PPARγ agonist, inhibits Th17 differentiation and subsequent neutrophilic asthma by preventing GLS1-dependent glutaminolysis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:963-976. [PMID: 34267342 PMCID: PMC8975945 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bergenin is a natural PPARγ agonist that can prevent neutrophil aggregation, and often be used in clinics for treating respiratory diseases. Recent data show that Th17 cells are important for neutrophil aggregation and asthma through secreting IL-17A. In this study, we investigated the effects of bergenin on Th17 differentiation in vitro and subsequent neutrophilic asthma in mice. Naïve T cells isolated from mouse mesenteric lymph nodes were treated with IL-23, TGF-β, and IL-6 to induce Th17 differentiation. We showed that in naïve T cells under Th17-polarizing condition, the addition of bergenin (3, 10, 30 μM) concentration-dependently decreased the percentage of CD4+ IL-17A+ T cells and mRNA expression of specific transcription factor RORγt, and function-related factors IL-17A/F, IL-21, and IL-22, but did not affect the cell vitality and apoptosis. Furthermore, bergenin treatment prevented GLS1-dependent glutaminolysis in the progress of Th17 differentiation, slightly affected the levels of SLC1A5, SLC38A1, GLUD1, GOT1, and GPT2. Glutamine deprivation, the addition of glutamate (1 mM), α-ketoglutarate (1 mM), or GLS1 plasmid all significantly attenuated the above-mentioned actions of bergenin. Besides, we demonstrated that bergenin (3, 10, and 30 μM) concentration-dependently activated PPARγ in naïve T cells, whereas PPARγ antagonist GW9662 and siPPARγ abolished bergenin-caused inhibition on glutaminolysis and Th17 differentiation. Furthermore, we revealed that bergenin inhibited glutaminolysis by regulating the level of CDK1, phosphorylation and degradation of Cdh1, and APC/C-Cdh1-mediated ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of GLS1 after activating PPARγ. We demonstrated a correlation existing among bergenin-affected GLS1-dependent glutaminolysis, PPARγ, "CDK1-APC/C-Cdh1" signaling, and Th17 differentiation. Finally, the therapeutic effect and mechanisms for bergenin-inhibited Th17 responses and neutrophilic asthma were confirmed in a mouse model of neutrophilic asthma by administration of GW9662 or GLS1 overexpression plasmid in vivo. In conclusion, bergenin repressed Th17 differentiation and then alleviated neutrophilic asthma in mice by inhibiting GLS1-dependent glutaminolysis via regulating the "CDK1-APC/C-Cdh1" signaling after activating PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Yun Zheng
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Yu-meng Miao
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Wen-xin Yan
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Yan-zhi Geng
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Yue Dai
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Zhi-feng Wei
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009 China
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10
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Park JS, Suh DI, Song DJ, Baek HS, Shin M, Yoo Y, Kwon JW, Jang GC, Yang HJ, Lee E, Kim HS, Seo JH, Woo SI, Kim HY, Shin YH, Lee JS, Yoon J, Jung S, Han M, Eom E, Yu J, Kim WK, Lim DH, Kim JT. Longitudinal asthma exacerbation phenotypes in the Korean childhood asthma study cohort. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33. [PMID: 35470936 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma exacerbation (AE) leads to social and economic costs and long-term adverse outcomes. We aimed to predict exacerbation-prone asthma (EPA) in children. METHODS The Korean childhood Asthma Study (KAS) is a prospective nationwide pediatric asthma cohort of children aged 5-15 years followed every 6 months. Patients with AE during the 6 months prior to all three visits, with AE prior to one or two visits, and without AE prior to any visit were defined as having EPA, exacerbation-intermittent asthma (EIA), and exacerbation-resistant asthma (ERA), respectively. Risk factors and prediction models of EPA were explored. RESULTS Of the 497 patients who completed three visits, 42%, 18%, and 15% had exacerbations prior to visits 1, 2, and 3 and 5%, 47%, and 48% had EPA, EIA, and ERA, respectively. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression revealed forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) z-score, forced vital capacity (FVC) z-score, white blood cell (WBC) count, and asthma control test (ACT) score as relevant EPA risk factors. The EPA prediction model comprised FVC z-score, WBC count, ACT score, sex, and parental education level (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] 0.841 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.728-0.954]). CONCLUSION With appropriate management, AE decreases over time, but persistent AEs may occur. Apart from asthma control level, baseline lung function and WBC count predicted EPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong In Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Jin Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hey-Sung Baek
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Meeyong Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Young Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Gwang Cheon Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Center, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hwan Soo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Sung-Il Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyung Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Youn Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Gangnam CHA Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju Suk Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Jisun Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungsu Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Minkyu Han
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Eom
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinho Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jin Tack Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, South Korea
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11
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Guntur VP, Manka LA, Moore CM, Wynn E, Vladar EK, Alam R, Pham TH, Fingerlin TE, Martin RJ. Refractory neutrophilic asthma and ciliary genes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1970-1980. [PMID: 35034774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.12.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refractory asthma (RA) remains poorly controlled, resulting in high health care utilization despite guideline-based therapies. Patients with RA manifest higher neutrophilia as a result of increased airway inflammation and subclinical infection, the underlying mechanisms of which remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize and clinically correlate gene expression differences between refractory and nonrefractory (NR) asthma to uncover molecular mechanisms driving group distinctions. METHODS Microarray gene expression of paired airway epithelial brush and endobronchial biopsy samples was compared between 60 RA and 30 NR subjects. Subjects were hierarchically clustered to identify subgroups of RA, and biochemical and clinical traits (airway inflammatory molecules, respiratory pathogens, chest imaging) were compared between groups. Weighted gene correlation network analysis was used to identify coexpressed gene modules. Module expression scores were compared between groups using linear regression, controlling for age, sex, and body mass index. RESULTS Differential gene expression analysis showed upregulation of proneutrophilic and downregulation of ciliary function genes/pathways in RA compared to NR. A subgroup of RA with downregulated ciliary gene expression had increased levels of subclinical infections, airway neutrophilia, and eosinophilia as well as higher chest imaging mucus burden compared to other RA, the dominant differences between RA and NR. Weighted gene correlation network analysis identified gene modules related to ciliary function, which were downregulated in RA and were associated with lower pulmonary function and higher airway wall thickness/inflammation, markers of poorer asthma control. CONCLUSIONS Identification of a novel ciliary-deficient subgroup of RA suggests that diminished mucociliary clearance may underlie repeated asthma exacerbations despite adequate treatment, necessitating further exploration of function, mechanism, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsi P Guntur
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; The NJH Cohen Family Asthma Institute, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo.
| | - Laurie A Manka
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; The NJH Cohen Family Asthma Institute, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Camille M Moore
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Elizabeth Wynn
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Eszter K Vladar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, and the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Rafeul Alam
- The NJH Cohen Family Asthma Institute, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Division of Allergy and Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Tuyet-Hang Pham
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research & Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg
| | - Tasha E Fingerlin
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Richard J Martin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; The NJH Cohen Family Asthma Institute, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
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12
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Chen Q, Nian S, Ye Y, Liu D, Yu H, Xiong H, Pan B, Xiao L, Fan C, Yuan Q. The Emerging Roles of T Helper Cell Subsets and Cytokines in Severe Neutrophilic Asthma. Inflammation 2021. [PMID: 34825300 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01598-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophilic asthma (NA) is a severe type of steroid resistant asthma, and so far the immune mechanisms underlying NA are not clear. In this article, we performed a comprehensive assessment of Th-cell subsets and cytokines in severe NA patients. A total of 13 healthy individuals and 31 severe asthma patients were enrolled in this study. Refractory asthma patients were defined as those with eosinophilic asthma (EA, accounted for 32% of asthmatic patients) or NA (68%) according to sputum neutrophil/eosinophil counts or blood eosinophils. Th-cell subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed by flow cytometry, and cytokines were detected by cytometric bead array (CBA). The results showed significant differences were observed in Th-cell phenotypes, where the number of Th1 cells were reduced and the numbers of Th2 cells were increased in NA and EA groups, respectively, when compared with healthy controls. Th17 cells were not strongly associated with severe neutrophilic asthma. The frequencies of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells were strikingly reduced in severe asthma patients, especially in the NA group. This NA group also showed increased levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, TNF-α, and IL-6 in serum and increased levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-8 in sputum. In addition, sputum IL-6 was positively correlated with TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-8. Our results uncovered a controversial role for Th17 cells, which were reduced in severe asthma patients. Severe neutrophilic asthma was associated with a striking deficiency of MAIT cells and high pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.
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13
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Zhang X, Xie J, Sun H, Wei Q, Nong G. miR‑29a‑3p regulates the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition via the SPARC/ERK signaling pathway in human bronchial epithelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:171. [PMID: 34278471 PMCID: PMC8285050 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophilic asthma (NA) is a subtype of asthma that responds poorly to corticosteroid treatment. In certain diseases, microRNA (miR)‑29a‑3p is considered to be a key regulatory molecule for remodeling of the extracellular matrix. However, the effect of miR‑29a‑3p on airway remodeling is unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR‑29a‑3p in NA. A mouse model of NA was established and these animals were compared to normal controls. Both groups of mice were subjected to lung function tests and histopathological analysis. Human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) were grown in culture and incubated with secreted protein acidic rich in cysteine (SPARC) and a miR‑29a‑3p mimic. The expression of miR‑29a‑3p, SPARC and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT)‑related markers were measured using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to identify the direct regulatory relationship between miR‑29a‑3p and SPARC. miR‑29a‑3p expression was significantly decreased, while SPARC expression was increased in the NA mouse model with a phenotype of EMT. Overexpression of SPARC downregulated the expression of E‑cadherin, while it increased the expression of vimentin in 16HBE cells. miR‑29a‑3p administration reversed the SPARC‑induced effects on E‑cadherin and vimentin expression. Luciferase assays confirmed that SPARC was the target gene for miR‑29a‑3p. Furthermore, SPARC overexpression increased the protein expression of phosphorylated (p)‑ERK, while transfection with miR‑29a‑3p mimics significantly inhibited this increase. The data suggested that EMT in the NA mouse model was associated with decreased levels of miR‑29a‑3p and elevated SPARC. Furthermore, SPARC could induce the formation of EMT in 16HBE cells in vitro and this was directly targeted by miR‑29a‑3p and mediated by p‑ERK, suggesting that miR‑29a‑3p may participate in the airway remodeling of NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhang
- Pediatric Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xie
- Pediatric Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Sun
- Pediatric Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wei
- Pediatric Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Guangmin Nong
- Pediatric Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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14
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Wei C, Huang L, Zheng Y, Cai X. Selective activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 regulates Treg/Th17 balance to ameliorate neutrophilic asthma in mice. Ann Transl Med 2021; 9:1015. [PMID: 34277815 PMCID: PMC8267324 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The cannabinoid receptor 2 (CNR2) plays a critical role in relieving asthma, with the mechanism still unclear. We aimed to investigate the mechanism of the CNR2 agonist (β-caryophyllene, β-Car) in regulating the balance of regulatory T cells (Treg) and T helper cell 17 (Th17) and thus its role in asthma. Methods The study group of 50 pathogen-free female BALB/c mice were randomly divided at 6–8 weeks old into five groups of Control, Asthma, Asthma + β-Car (10 mg/kg), Asthma + β-Car + SR144528 (specific CNR2 antagonist, 3 mg/kg), and Asthma + β-Car + CMD178 (inhibitor of Treg cell, 10 mg/kg). ELISA was conducted to evaluate the main inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α], and those secreted by Treg (transforming growth factor-β and IL-10), and Th17 (IL-17A and IL-22). Markers of Treg and Th17 cells were assessed by flow cytometry. In vitro, the CD4+ T cells were sorted and directed to differentiate to Treg and Th17 cells. The expression levels of CNR2, STAT5 and JNK1/2 were investigated by western blot and immunofluorescence assay. Results β-Car relieved neutrophilic asthma severity in mice by elevating the marker genes’ expression of Treg and inhibiting those of Th17, causing an increased proportion of Treg to Th17. β-Car also promoted the directed differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Treg, but not Th17. Activation of the CNR2 regulated the Treg/Th17 balance and relieved neutrophilic asthma possibly through promotion of phosphorylation of STAT5 and JNK1/2. Conclusions The effect of the selective CNR2 agonist activating STAT5 and JNK1/2 signaling was to change the Treg/Th17 balance and reduce the inflammatory reaction, thus ameliorating neutrophilic asthma in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Wei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Linhui Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Yamei Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Xingjun Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
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15
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Abstract
Background: Neutrophilic asthma (NA) may result in irreversible airflow limitations. Soluble advanced glycosylation receptor (sRAGE) has been shown to be associated with neutrophilic airway inflammation. However, the association between sRAGE and mucus hypersecretion in NA remains unknown. This study aims to assess the function of sRAGE on mucus hypersecretion.Methods: A NA mouse model was established and treated with adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-sRAGE and inhibitors. Collagen deposition and goblet cell hyperplasia in the lungs were evaluated by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson staining. sRAGE and mucin levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured by ELISA. Pathway molecule expression levels were determined by RT-qPCR and western blotting.Results: The results showed that the NA mouse model exhibited airway mucus hypersecretion. Mice can be effectively transfected by AAV9-sRAGE via tail-vein injection and intranasal drip. AAV9-sRAGE increased the sRAGE levels but it inhibited the collagen deposition, the PAS score, as well as the expression of MUC5AC and MUC5B. Inhibitors of high-mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1), receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) suppressed the MUC5AC levels in NA mice as well as in cultured HMGB1-induced human bronchial epithelial cells. Furthermore, the phospho- extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) protein in NA was increased while the sRAGE intervention inhibited this elevation.Conclusions: These results suggest that sRAGE may be a potential target for the treatment of mucus hypersecretion in NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhang
- Pediatric Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xie
- Pediatric Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Sun
- Pediatric Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wei
- Pediatric Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Guangmin Nong
- Pediatric Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
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16
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Decaesteker T, Bos S, Lorent N, Everaerts S, Vanoirbeek J, Bullens D, Dupont LJ. Elevated serum calprotectin (S100A8/A9) in patients with severe asthma. J Asthma 2021; 59:1110-1115. [PMID: 33830849 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1914649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma is a heterogeneous disease consisting of several inflammatory phenotypes of which neutrophilic asthma is associated with poorer responses to classic therapies, namely (inhaled) corticosteroids. The development of targeted therapies requires the identification of biomarkers to distinguish these phenotypes. Currently, we lack validated biomarkers for non-eosinophilic asthma. The aim of this study is to examine serum calprotectin (SC) in asthmatics and its potential as biomarker for neutrophilic asthma. METHODS Hundred-seventeen severe asthmatics were referred for sputum induction and data were obtained from their medical records. To evaluate the association between SC and asthma phenotypes, patients were divided into subgroups based on sputum cell count (3% eosinophils and 61% neutrophils). Additionally, SC levels of asthmatics were compared with these of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and healthy controls. RESULTS Asthmatics (n = 45) had significantly higher levels of SC than healthy controls. No significant differences were found between the different asthma phenotypes and in comparison with COPD patients. SC was significantly higher in asthmatics with a lower FEV1/FVC ratio (<70) and non-significantly elevated SC levels were seen in asthmatics with frequent exacerbations (>2 in the last year). CONCLUSION In conclusion, there was no difference in SC levels between the different inflammatory subtypes in asthmatics. Nevertheless, severe asthmatics seemed to have higher SC levels suggesting that SC may be a marker of disease severity rather than a marker for specific inflammatory subtypes in asthmatics. Further research in larger cohorts is necessary to validate SC as biomarker in severe asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Decaesteker
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Bos
- Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Lorent
- Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Everaerts
- Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Vanoirbeek
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Bullens
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L J Dupont
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Rial MJ, Álvarez-Puebla MJ, Arismendi E, Caballero ML, Cañas JA, Cruz MJ, González-Barcala FJ, Luna JA, Martínez-Rivera C, Mullol J, Muñoz X, Olaguibel JM, Picado C, Plaza V, Quirce S, Romero-Mesones C, Salgado FJ, Sastre B, Soto-Retes L, Valero A, Valverde M, Sastre J, Pozo VD. Clinical and inflammatory characteristics of patients with asthma in the Spanish MEGA project cohort. Clin Transl Allergy 2021; 11:e12001. [PMID: 33900052 PMCID: PMC8173588 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The MEGA (MEchanism underlying the Genesis and evolution of Asthma) project is a multicenter cohort study carried out in eight Spanish hospitals, gathering clinical, physiological, and molecular data from patients with asthma and multimorbidities in order to gain insight into the different physiopathological mechanisms involved in this disorder. Material and Methods We report the baseline clinical and physiological characteristics and biomarker measures of adult participants in the project with the aim of better understanding the natural history and underlying mechanisms of asthma as well as the associated multimorbidities across different levels of severity. We carried out a detailed clinical examination, pulmonary function testing, measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), blood counts, induced sputum, skin prick tests, chest computed tomography scan, asthma questionnaires, and multimorbidity assessment in 512 asthmatic patients. Results When compared to patients with milder disease, severe asthmatic patients showed greater presence of symptoms, more exacerbations, lower asthma control, increased airflow obstruction, and higher frequency of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, severe rhinitis, anxiety and depression, gastroesophageal reflux, and bronchiectasis. Conclusion The MEGA project succeeded in recruiting a high number of asthma patients, especially those with severe disease, who showed lower control and higher frequency of multimorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J Rial
- Servicio de Alergología, Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ebymar Arismendi
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Neumología y Alergia, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María L Caballero
- Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Cañas
- Servicio de Alergología, Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Cruz
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J González-Barcala
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Neumología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan A Luna
- Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez-Rivera
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Muñoz
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Olaguibel
- Servicio de Alergología, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - César Picado
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Neumología y Alergia, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Plaza
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina Respiratoria, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. Departamento de Medicina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Quirce
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco-Javier Salgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology-Biological Research Centre (CIBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sastre
- Servicio de Alergología, Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Soto-Retes
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina Respiratoria, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. Departamento de Medicina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Valero
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Neumología y Alergia, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcela Valverde
- Servicio de Alergología, Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Sastre
- Servicio de Alergología, Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victora Del Pozo
- Servicio de Alergología, Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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18
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Struß N, Hohlfeld JM. Biologics in asthma management - Are we out of breath yet? Allergol Select 2021; 5:96-102. [PMID: 33615123 DOI: 10.5414/ALX02192E] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The biologics authorized for the add-on therapy of severe asthma are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Before they are considered for therapy intensification, the patient’s asthma endotype is determined on the basis of phenotypic characteristics. So far, 5 biologics are available that target the signaling pathways of the “TH2-high” asthma endotype, in which cytokines of the inflammation cascade mediated by type 2 T-helper cells are upregulated. The corresponding phenotype of this inflammatory endotype is severe eosinophilic asthma, with elevated eosinophils, immunoglobulin E, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). In contrast, the heterogeneous “TH2-low” endotype is not yet sufficiently understood. Frequently described in this variant is an increase of sputum neutrophils and an increased expression of the TH17-mediated interleukin-17 signaling pathway. There are numerous biologics currently in clinical trials, the thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) mAbs in particular have shown promising results independent of the asthma phenotype.
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19
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Wan R, Jiang J, Hu C, Chen X, Chen C, Zhao B, Hu X, Zheng Z, Li Y. Neutrophil extracellular traps amplify neutrophil recruitment and inflammation in neutrophilic asthma by stimulating the airway epithelial cells to activate the TLR4/ NF-κB pathway and secrete chemokines. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16820-16836. [PMID: 32756014 PMCID: PMC7521522 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophilic asthma (NA) is a distinct airway inflammation disease with prominent neutrophil infiltration. The role played by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in NA, however, is quite unclear. This study was based on the hypothesis that NETs are responsible for the second neutrophil wave and therefore contribute significantly to inflammation. The proinflammatory effects of NETs were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Formation of NETs and neutrophil swarming was seen in a mouse model of NA. Additionally, NETs were found to stimulate airway cells to express CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL8 via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, which recruits neutrophils to the inflammation site. Furthermore, prevention of NET formation decreased the recruitment of lung neutrophils and hence reduce neutrophilic inflammation. Additionally, the structural integrity of NETs had no effect on the recruitment of lung neutrophils and neutrophilic inflammation. In NA mice, NETs could trigger airway and alveolar epithelial cells to express chemokines which recruit more neutrophils via activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun Wan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cen Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bingrong Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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20
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Steinke JW, Lawrence MG, Teague WG, Braciale TJ, Patrie JT, Borish L. Bronchoalveolar lavage cytokine patterns in children with severe neutrophilic and paucigranulocytic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:686-693.e3. [PMID: 32526308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a complex heterogeneous disease occurring in adults and children that is characterized by distinct inflammatory patterns. While numerous studies have been performed in adults, little is known regarding the heterogeneity of severe asthma in children, particularly inflammatory signatures involving the air spaces. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the relationship of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytokine/chemokine expression patterns in children with severe therapy-resistant asthma stratified according to neutrophilic versus nonneutrophilic BAL inflammatory cell patterns. METHODS Children with severe asthma with inadequate symptom control despite therapy underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy and BAL. Inflammatory cytokine/chemokine concentrations were determined using a multiplex protein bead assay. RESULTS Analysis of BAL constituents with an unbiased clustering approach revealed distinct cytokine/chemokine patterns, and these aligned with pathways associated with type 2 innate lymphoid cells, monocytes, neutrophil trafficking, and T effector cells. All cytokines examined (n = 27) with 1 exception (vascular endothelial growth factor) were overexpressed with BAL neutrophilia compared with nonneutrophilic asthma, and this was confirmed in a cross-validation analysis. Cytokines specifically responsible for Th17 (IL-17, IL-6, G-CSF) and Th1 differentiation and expression (IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-γ) were enhanced in the neutrophilic cohorts. Neutrophilic groups were also characterized by higher prevalence of bacterial and viral pathogens; however, cytokine expression patterns manifested independently of pathogen expression. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that children with refractory asthma and neutrophilic inflammation had a BAL cytokine pattern consistent with a mixed Th17/Th1/Th2 response. In contrast, nonneutrophilic asthma presented independently of cytokine overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Steinke
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va; Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Monica G Lawrence
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va
| | - W Gerald Teague
- Child Health Research Center, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Thomas J Braciale
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va
| | - James T Patrie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Larry Borish
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va; Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va; Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va.
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21
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Sze E, Bhalla A, Nair P. Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for non-T2 asthma. Allergy 2020; 75:311-325. [PMID: 31309578 DOI: 10.1111/all.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-T2 asthma is traditionally defined as asthma without features of T2 asthma. The definition is arbitrary and is generally based on the presence of neutrophils in sputum, or the absence (or normal levels) of eosinophils or other T2 markers in sputum (paucigranulocytic), airway biopsies or in blood. This definition may be imprecise as we gain more knowledge from applying transcriptomics and proteomics to blood and airway samples. The prevalence of non-T2 asthma is also difficult to estimate as most studies are cross-sectional and influenced by concomitant treatment with glucocorticosteroids, and by the presence of recognized or unrecognized airway infections. No specific therapies have shown any clinical benefits in patients with asthma that is associated with a non-T2 inflammatory process. It remains to be seen if such an endotype truly exists and to identify treatments to target that endotype. Meanwhile, identifying intense airway neutrophilia as an indicator of airway infection and airway hyperresponsiveness as an indicator of smooth muscle dysfunction, and treating them appropriately, and not increasing glucocorticosteroids in patients who do not have obvious T2 inflammation, seem reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Sze
- New Territories West Cluster Tuen Mun Hospital Tuen Mun Hong Kong
- St Joseph's Healthcare & Department of Medicine Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Anurag Bhalla
- St Joseph's Healthcare & Department of Medicine Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Parameswaran Nair
- St Joseph's Healthcare & Department of Medicine Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
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22
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Klier J, Bartl C, Geuder S, Geh KJ, Reese S, Goehring LS, Winter G, Gehlen H. Immunomodulatory asthma therapy in the equine animal model: A dose-response study and evaluation of a long-term effect. Immun Inflamm Dis 2019; 7:130-149. [PMID: 31141308 PMCID: PMC6688086 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Equine asthma represents a naturally occurring animal model for human allergic neutrophilic asthma. Inhalative nanoparticle-bound cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG-GNP) immunotherapy, independent of specific allergens, has already shown promising clinical and immunological results in previous studies and offers the possibility to treat the underlying cause of the disease. This study analyses the relationship between dose and response, and evaluates a possible long-term effect. METHODS In the prospective, randomised, double-blind clinical field study, 29 horses suffering from equine asthma received 10 inhalation treatments with either 187.5 µg CpG-GNP (CpG single dose [CpGsd]; n = 11), 375 µg CpG-GNP double dose (CpG double dose [CpGdd]; n = 9) (q48h for 20 days) or 1600 µg beclomethasone (n = 9) (q24h for 10 days). Each horse was examined three times: before the treatment (I), immediately after the 10 inhalations (II), and 8 weeks after the final inhalation (III). The three groups were compared according to clinical and laboratory parameters. The study examined the sustainability of the long-term effect of the treatment after 8 weeks, as well as the tolerability of the formula as a double dose. RESULTS The CpGsd resulted in a significant improvement in 82% of the parameters, the CpGdd in 72%. In the long-term evaluation, the CpGsd showed a significant improvement in 100% of the parameters in comparison to the initial values, the CpGdd in 67%. On the immunological level, the bronchoalveolar lavage revealed a significant reduction of IL-4, IL-8, and interferon-γ. CONCLUSION Both CpG groups displayed significant improvements in clinical and laboratory parameters, especially regarding the long-term effect of CpGsd. Doubling the CpG dose did not result in any improvement in comparison to the original single dose. On the immunological level, an anti-inflammatory, as well as an immunomodulatory effect, apart from a Th2-dominated immune response, could be observed. This immunomodulatory inhalation treatment could indicate a new possibility for human allergic asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Klier
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Equine ClinicLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Carolin Bartl
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Equine ClinicLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic, Surgery and RadiologyFree University of BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Sabine Geuder
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Equine ClinicLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Katharina J. Geh
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmaceuticsLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Sven Reese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic, Surgery and RadiologyFree University of BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Lutz S. Goehring
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Equine ClinicLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Gerhard Winter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmaceuticsLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Heidrun Gehlen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic, Surgery and RadiologyFree University of BerlinBerlinGermany
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23
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Zhu Y, Mao D, Gao W, Han G, Hu H. Analysis of lncRNA Expression in Patients With Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Asthma Focusing on LNC_000127. Front Genet 2019; 10:141. [PMID: 30941157 PMCID: PMC6433975 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is important in many diseases. Some studies have shown that lncRNA affects the pathogenesis of systemic inflammation of asthma. lncRNA regulates gene transcription, protein expression, and epigenetic regulation. However, lncRNAs associated with different airway phenotypes, such as eosinophilic (Eos) and neutrophilic (Neu) asthma have not been identified. The goal of this study was to determine the differences in circulating lncRNA signatures in Eos and Neu samples. Using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), lncRNA expression was evaluated in peripheral whole blood samples among Eos patients, Neu patients, and healthy individuals (Control). Bioinformatic analysis was used to predict relevant biological pathways. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to measure gene expression in whole blood samples, Jurkat cells, and human CD4+ T cells. Finally, a novel lncRNA, LNC_000127, was inhibited by transfection of Jurkat cells with a lentiviral vector, and the effect was examined by Human Asthma RT2 Profiler™ PCR Array and western blotting. Compared to control samples, Eos samples contained 190 unique lncRNAs and Neu samples had 166 unique lncRNAs (difference ≥2-fold). KEGG pathway annotation data and GO terms revealed that different lncRNAs are involved in different mechanisms. LNC_000127, was highly expressed in Eos samples before treatment; its expression was increased in Jurkat cells and human CD4+ T cells following stimulation with PMA/CD28. Subsequent analyses revealed that LNC_000127 functions in the Th2 inflammation pathway. The results suggest that lncRNAs are involved in different phenotypes of asthma. Whether the different phenotypes of asthma can be recognized based on these lncRNAs (as biomarkers) requires further analysis. Targeting LNC_000127 may be effective for reducing Th2 inflammation in Eos asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Zhu
- Respiratory Department, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Respiratory Department, Tianjin Municipal Corps Hospital of CAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Mao
- Respiratory Department, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,No. 968 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Jinzhou, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Respiratory Department, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guojing Han
- Respiratory Department, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Respiratory Department, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Ijaz HM, Chowdhury W, Lodhi MU, Gulzar Q, Rahim M. A Case of Persistent Asthma Resistant to Available Treatment Options: Management Dilemma. Cureus 2019; 11:e4194. [PMID: 31106094 PMCID: PMC6504033 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma affects nearly 300 million people worldwide, with 250,000 associated deaths annually. An estimated 5%-10% of patients have severe asthma, while only 1%-2% presented with treatment-resistant or refractory asthma. Currently, the endotype of asthma is divided into T-helper type 2 (Th2) high and Th2-low inflammation endotypes. The Th2-high endotype is characterized by eosinophilic asthma, while the Th2-low endotype is associated with neutrophilia and a pauci-granulocytic profile. The Th2-low endotype carries a high resistance to corticosteroid and bronchodilator therapy, and these patients typically have a severe and acute-onset of symptoms. We present a 57-year-old nonsmoking female with recurrent intensive care unit (ICU) admissions for severe acute asthma exacerbations, resistant to bronchodilator and steroid treatment, requiring mechanical ventilation. Currently, the guidelines for treating neutrophil-predominant Th2-low inflammation asthma have not been established. This creates a management dilemma when encountered with such a patient in clinical practice. We aim to propose targeted treatment options for these severe and potentially fatal asthma patients, with reference to current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnan M Ijaz
- Internal Medicine, Raleigh General Hospital, Beckley, USA
| | | | | | - Qamar Gulzar
- Internal Medicine, Raleigh General Hospital, Beckley, USA
| | - Mustafa Rahim
- Internal Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, USA
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25
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Ntontsi P, Detta A, Bakakos P, Loukides S, Hillas G. Experimental and investigational phosphodiesterase inhibitors in development for asthma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:261-266. [PMID: 30678501 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1571582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe, inadequately-controlled asthma remains a clinical challenge. For this reason, clinical trials and preclinical experimental studies on novel agents as an add-on therapies continue emerge. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that regulate the function of immune cells by hydrolyzing cyclic guanosine monophosphate/cGMP and cyclic adenosine monophosphate/cAMP. PDEs are divided into subfamilies [PDE3, PDE4, PDE5 and PDE7] which are mainly found in the respiratory tract. Inhibitors of PDEs have already been approved for COPD and pulmonary hypertension. AREAS COVERED The role of PDE inhibitors in asthma treatment and the possible mechanism of action via their anti-inflammatory and/or bronchodilating effect are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Novel PDE inhibitors exhibiting fewer adverse events may have a role as add-on therapies in asthma treatment in the future. More clinical trials are necessary to prove their efficacy and evaluate their safety profile before approval by regulatory bodies is granted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Ntontsi
- a 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Attikon Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Aggeliki Detta
- b 1st Respiratory Medicine Department , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Petros Bakakos
- b 1st Respiratory Medicine Department , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Sotiria Chest Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Stelios Loukides
- a 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Attikon Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Georgios Hillas
- c 5th Pulmonary Department , "Sotiria" Chest Diseases Hospital , Athens , Greece
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Abstract
Although non-eosinophilic asthma (NEA) is not the best known and most prevalent asthma phenotype, its importance cannot be underestimated. NEA is characterized by airway inflammation with the absence of eosinophils, subsequent to activation of non-predominant type 2 immunologic pathways. This phenotype, which possibly includes several not well-defined subphenotypes, is defined by an eosinophil count <2% in sputum. NEA has been associated with environmental and/or host factors, such as smoking cigarettes, pollution, work-related agents, infections, and obesity. These risk factors, alone or in conjunction, can activate specific cellular and molecular pathways leading to non-type 2 inflammation. The most relevant clinical trait of NEA is its poor response to standard asthma treatments, especially to inhaled corticosteroids, leading to a higher severity of disease and to difficult-to-control asthma. Indeed, NEA constitutes about 50% of severe asthma cases. Since most current and forthcoming biologic therapies specifically target type 2 asthma phenotypes, such as uncontrolled severe eosinophilic or allergic asthma, there is a dramatic lack of effective treatments for uncontrolled non-type 2 asthma. Research efforts are now focusing on elucidating the phenotypes underlying the non-type 2 asthma, and several studies are being conducted with new drugs and biologics aiming to develop effective strategies for this type of asthma, and various immunologic pathways are being scrutinized to optimize efficacy and to abolish possible adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javier Domínguez-Ortega
- Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ).,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Quirce
- Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ).,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Klier J, Geis S, Steuer J, Geh K, Reese S, Fuchs S, Mueller RS, Winter G, Gehlen H. A comparison of nanoparticullate CpG immunotherapy with and without allergens in spontaneously equine asthma-affected horses, an animal model. Immun Inflamm Dis 2018; 6:81-96. [PMID: 29094511 PMCID: PMC5818452 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION New therapeutic strategies to modulate the immune response of human and equine allergic asthma are still under extensive investigation. Immunomodulating agents stimulating T-regulatory cells offer new treatment options beyond conventional symptomatic treatment or specific immunotherapy for human and equine allergic airway diseases, with the goal of a homoeostatic T-helper cell balance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a nebulized gelatin nanoparticle-CpG formulation (CpG-GNP) with and without specific allergens for the treatment of spontaneous allergic equine asthma as a model for human asthma. METHODS Twenty equine asthma-affected horses were treated either with CpG-GNP alone or CpG-GNP with allergens. Two specific allergens were selected for each horse based on history and an in-vitro test. Each horse received seven administrations of the respective nebulized composition and was examined before treatment, immediately after and 6 weeks after the treatment course. RESULTS Clinical parameters such as breathing rate, indirect interpleural measurement, arterial blood gases, amount of tracheal mucus and percentage of neutrophils and cytokines in tracheal washes and serum samples were evaluated. Treatment with CpG-GNP alone as well as in combinations with relevant allergens resulted in clinical improvement of nasal discharge, breathing rate, amount of secretion and viscosity, neutrophil percentage and partial oxygen pressure directly after and 6 weeks after treatment. There were no significant differences between the two treatments in clinical parameters or local cytokine profiles in the tracheal wash fluid (IL-10, IFN-g, and IL-17). IL-4 concentrations decreased significantly in both groups. CONCLUSION Nonspecific CpG-GNP-based immunotherapy shows potential as a treatment for equine and possibly also human allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Klier
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary MedicineEquine Clinic, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Sabine Geis
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary MedicineEquine Clinic, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic, Surgery and RadiologyFree University of BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Jeanette Steuer
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary MedicineEquine Clinic, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic, Surgery and RadiologyFree University of BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Katharina Geh
- Department of PharmacyPharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Sven Reese
- Department of Veterinary Science, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Sebastian Fuchs
- Department of PharmacyPharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Ralf S. Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Small Animal Medicine ClinicLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Gerhard Winter
- Department of PharmacyPharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Heidrun Gehlen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic, Surgery and RadiologyFree University of BerlinBerlinGermany
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Abstract
Asthma is a complex disease. The heterogeneity of airway inflammation during asthma indicates there are different mechanisms involved. In order to further study the mechanisms of asthma, different mouse models were established to mimic corresponding subtypes of asthma in clinic. Eosinophilic asthma was established by intraperitoneal injections of ovalbumin (OVA) on day 0 and day 7, followed by inhalation of aerosolized OVA on days 14–17. Neutrophilic asthma was established by transtracheal administration of a high dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 µg) on days 15 and 17 in combination with OVA sensitization and challenge as described previously. Mix-granulocytic asthma was established by transtracheal administration of a low dose of LPS (1 µg) on day 15, in combination with OVA sensitization and challenge as described previously. Compared with healthy controls, increased numbers of eosinophils, elevated levels of T helper (Th)2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and moderated inflammation of lung tissues was observed in eosinophilic asthma. Increased numbers of neutrophils, elevated levels of Th1 and Th17 cytokines in BALF and severe inflammation of lung tissues was observed in neutrophilic asthma. Increased numbers of both eosinophils and neutrophils, elevated levels of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines in BALF and severe inflammation of lung tissues was observed in mix-granulocytic asthma. Airway hyperresponsiveness, increased bronchial mucus secretion, and elevated serum levels of immunoglobin (Ig)E and OVA-IgE were detected in all three asthma models. Dexamethasone reduced the pathogenic symptoms of the mice in eosinophilic asthma, however had no effect on neutrophilic asthma or mix-granulocytic asthma. Each model of asthma established in the present study represents corresponding subtypes of asthma in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Lin Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, P.R. China
| | - Zhangbo Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Qiu YY, Zhou XY, Qian XF, Wu YX, Qin C, Bian T. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 reduces mouse airway inflammation of neutrophilic asthma by transcriptional modulation of interleukin-17A. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:5411-5421. [PMID: 29312493 PMCID: PMC5752891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Corticosteroid resistance and severe airflow obstruction have been proved to participate in the neutrophilic inflammation of airway in uncontrollable asthmatics. IL-17 is one of the pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by Th17 cells, and it plays an important role in the neutrophilic inflammation of airway in steroid-resistant asthmatics. Recent data have proved that 1,25(OH)2D3 represses IL-17A in inflammation and Th17-mediated autoimmunity through vitamin D receptors(VDR) at the level of transcription. Our study validated that 1,25-(OH)2D3 can modulate IL-17A on the transcriptional level by using Runx1, thus reducing inflammation in the airway of mice with neutrophilic asthma. 1,25(OH)2D3 may be promising for the therapeutic applications of neutrophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Fen Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xian Wu
- Department of Imaging Center, Shanghai Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chu Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Tao Bian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Liu XM, Wang YB, Wu Q, Bian ZR, Che XW. Effects of Ligustrazine on Airway Inflammation in A Mouse Model of Neutrophilic Asthma. Chin J Integr Med 2017; 24:353-358. [PMID: 29086220 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2830-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of ligustrazine (LTZ) on airway inflammation in a mouse model of neutrophilic asthma (NA). METHODS Forty healthy C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into 4 groups using a random number table, including the normal control, NA, LTZ and dexamethasone (DXM) groups, with 10 rats in each group. The NA mice model was established by the method of ovalbumin combined with lipopolysaccharide sensitization. At 0.5 h before each challenge, LTZ and DXM groups were intraperitoneally injected with LTZ (80 mg/kg) or DXM (0.5 mg/kg) for 14 d, respectively, while the other two groups were given the equal volume of normal saline. After last challenge for 24 h, the aerosol inhalation of methacholine was performed and the airway reactivity was measured. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected. The Wright-Giemsa staining was used for total white blood cells and differential counts. The levels of cytokines interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-10 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pathological change of lung tissue was observed by hematoxylin eosin staining. RESULTS The airway responsiveness of the NA group was signifificantly higher than the normal control group (P<0.05), while those in the LTZ and DXM groups were signifificantly lower than the NA group (P<0.05). The neutrophil and eosinophil counts in the LTZ and DXM groups were signifificantly lower than the NA group (P<0.05), and those in the LTZ group were signifificantly lower than the DXM group (P<0.05). There were a large number of peribronchiolar and perivascular inflammatory cells in fifiltration in the NA group. The airway inflflammation in the LTZ and DXM groups were signifificantly alleviated than the NA group. The infifiltration in the LTZ group was signifificantly reduced than the DXM group. Compared with the normal control group, the IL-17 level in BALF was signifificantly increased and the IL-10 level in BALF was signifificantly decreased in the NA group (P<0.05). LTZ and DXM treatment signifificantly decreased IL-17 levels and increased IL-10 levels compared with the NA group (P<0.05), and the changes in the above indices were more signifificant in the LTZ group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION LTZ could alleviate the airway inflflammation in the NA mice model through increasing the IL-10 level and decreasing the IL-17 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250011, China
| | - Yong-Bin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250033, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250033, China
| | - Zhong-Rui Bian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250033, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Che
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250033, China.
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Alam R, Good J, Rollins D, Verma M, Chu H, Pham TH, Martin RJ. Airway and serum biochemical correlates of refractory neutrophilic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1004-1014.e13. [PMID: 28163052 PMCID: PMC5540819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite progress in the diagnosis and management of asthma, many patients have poorly controlled or refractory asthma (RA). The mechanism of this RA is not well understood. Objective We sought to explore the relationship between neutrophils and other biomarkers of RA. Method Sixty patients with RA, 30 patients with nonrefractory asthma (NRA), and 20 healthy subjects were enrolled. We performed a comprehensive characterization of these study subjects, which included laboratory and pulmonary function studies, chest computed tomography, and bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). We analyzed BAL fluid and serum for a total of 244 biomolecules using a multiplex assay and correlated them with clinical and other laboratory parameters. Results RA was significantly different from NRA with regard to pulmonary function indices, bronchial basement membrane thickness, and BAL fluid neutrophil and lymphocyte counts but not eosinophil counts. BAL fluid neutrophil counts negatively and positively correlated with forced vital capacity and age, respectively. Of the 244 biomolecules studied, 52 and 14 biomolecules from BAL fluid and serum, respectively, were significantly different among the study groups. Thirteen of these 52 molecules correlated with BAL fluid neutrophil counts. BAL fluid from 40% of patients with RA was positive for a pathogenic microbe. Infection-negative neutrophilic RA was associated with an increase in levels of select biomarkers of inflammation in the serum, suggesting the presence of systemic inflammation. Conclusions RA was associated with increased numbers of neutrophils and proneutrophilic biomolecules in the airways. Subclinical infection was present in 40% of patients with RA, which likely contributed to neutrophilic inflammation. A subgroup of patients with noninfected neutrophilic RA was associated with systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafeul Alam
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo.
| | - James Good
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Donald Rollins
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Mukesh Verma
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - HongWei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
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Choi S, Hoffman EA, Wenzel SE, Castro M, Fain S, Jarjour N, Schiebler ML, Chen K, Lin CL. Quantitative computed tomographic imaging-based clustering differentiates asthmatic subgroups with distinctive clinical phenotypes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:690-700.e8. [PMID: 28143694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imaging variables, including airway diameter, wall thickness, and air trapping, have been found to be important metrics when differentiating patients with severe asthma from those with nonsevere asthma and healthy subjects. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify imaging-based clusters and to explore the association of the clusters with existing clinical metrics. METHODS We performed an imaging-based cluster analysis using quantitative computed tomography-based structural and functional variables extracted from the respective inspiration and expiration scans of 248 asthmatic patients. The imaging-based metrics included a broader set of multiscale variables, such as inspiratory airway dimension, expiratory air trapping, and registration-based lung deformation (inspiration vs expiration). Asthma subgroups derived from a clustering method were associated with subject demographics, questionnaire results, medication history, and biomarker variables. RESULTS Cluster 1 was composed of younger patients with early-onset nonsevere asthma and reversible airflow obstruction and normal airway structure. Cluster 2 was composed of patients with a mix of patients with nonsevere and severe asthma with marginal inflammation who exhibited airway luminal narrowing without wall thickening. Clusters 3 and 4 were dominated by patients with severe asthma. Cluster 3 patients were obese female patients with reversible airflow obstruction who exhibited airway wall thickening without airway narrowing. Cluster 4 patients were late-onset older male subjects with persistent airflow obstruction who exhibited significant air trapping and reduced regional deformation. Cluster 3 and 4 patients also showed decreased lymphocyte and increased neutrophil counts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Four image-based clusters were identified and shown to be correlated with clinical characteristics. Such clustering serves to differentiate asthma subgroups that can be used as a basis for the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghun Choi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Mario Castro
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Sean Fain
- School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Nizar Jarjour
- School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Mark L Schiebler
- School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Conn
| | - Ching-Long Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
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Liu W, Liu S, Verma M, Zafar I, Good JT, Rollins D, Groshong S, Gorska MM, Martin RJ, Alam R. Mechanism of T H2/T H17-predominant and neutrophilic T H2/T H17-low subtypes of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:1548-1558.e4. [PMID: 27702673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of TH2/TH17-predominant and TH2/TH17-low asthma is unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to study the immune mechanism of TH2/TH17-predominant and TH2/TH17-low asthma. METHODS In a previously reported cohort of 60 asthmatic patients, 16 patients were immunophenotyped with TH2/TH17-predominant asthma and 22 patients with TH2/TH17-low asthma. We examined bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid leukocytes, cytokines, mediators, and epithelial cell function for these asthma subgroups. RESULTS Patients with TH2/TH17-predominant asthma had increased IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, C3a, and serum amyloid A levels in BAL fluid, and these correlated with IL-1β and C3a levels. TH2/TH17 cells expressed higher levels of the IL-1 receptor and phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist protein, inhibited BAL TH2/TH17 cell counts. TH2/TH17-low asthma had 2 distinct subgroups: neutrophilic asthma (45%) and pauci-inflammatory asthma (55%). This contrasted with patients with TH2/TH17-predominant and TH2-predominant asthma, which included neutrophilic asthma in 6% and 0% of patients, respectively. BAL fluid neutrophils strongly correlated with BAL fluid myeloperoxidase, IL-8, IL-1α, IL-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and GM-CSF levels. Sixty percent of the patients with neutrophilic asthma had a pathogenic microorganism in BAL culture, which suggested a subclinical infection. CONCLUSION We uncovered a critical role for the IL-1β pathway in patients with TH2/TH17-predminant asthma. A subgroup of patients with TH2/TH17-low asthma had neutrophilic asthma and increased BAL fluid IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and GM-CSF levels. IL-1α was directly involved in IL-8 production and likely contributed to neutrophilic asthma. Sixty percent of neutrophilic patients had a subclinical infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Sucai Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Mukesh Verma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Iram Zafar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - James T Good
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colo
| | - Donald Rollins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colo
| | - Stephen Groshong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colo
| | - Magdalena M Gorska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colo
| | - Richard J Martin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colo
| | - Rafeul Alam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colo.
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Zhao S, Jiang Y, Yang X, Guo D, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang R, Wang C. Lipopolysaccharides promote a shift from Th2-derived airway eosinophilic inflammation to Th17-derived neutrophilic inflammation in an ovalbumin-sensitized murine asthma model. J Asthma 2016; 54:447-455. [PMID: 27589490 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2016.1223687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The currently available treatments for severe asthma are insufficient. Infiltration of neutrophils rather than eosinophils into the airways is an important inflammatory characteristic of severe asthma. However, the mechanism of the phenotypic change from eosinophilic to neutrophilic inflammation has not yet been fully elucidated. METHODS In the current study, we examined the effect of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on eosinophilic asthmatic mice sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA), as well as the roles of interleukin (IL)-17A/T helper (Th) 17 cells on the change in the airway inflammatory phenotype from eosinophilic to neutrophilic inflammation in asthmatic lungs of IL-17A-deficient mice. RESULTS Following exposure of OVA-induced asthmatic mice to LPS, neutrophil-predominant airway inflammation rather than eosinophil-predominant inflammation was observed, with increases in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), the IL-17A level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and Th17 cells in the spleen and in the pulmonary hilar lymph nodes. Moreover, the neutrophilic asthmatic mice showed decreased mucus production and Th2 cytokine levels (IL-4 and IL-5). In contrast, IL-17A knockout (KO) mice exhibited eosinophil-predominant lung inflammation, decreased AHR, mucus overproduction and increased Th2 cytokine levels and Th2 cells. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the eosinophilic inflammatory phenotype of asthmatic lungs switches to the neutrophilic phenotype following exposure to LPS. The change in the inflammatory phenotype is strongly correlated with the increases in IL-17A and Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Zhao
- a Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Yunqiu Jiang
- a Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xu Yang
- a Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Donglin Guo
- a Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Yijie Wang
- a Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jun Wang
- a Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Ran Wang
- a Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Changzheng Wang
- a Institute of Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
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Guo Q, Li H, Liu J, Xu L, Yang L, Sun Z, Zhou B. Tunicamycin aggravates endoplasmic reticulum stress and airway inflammation via PERK-ATF4-CHOP signaling in a murine model of neutrophilic asthma. J Asthma 2016; 54:125-133. [PMID: 27383524 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2016.1205085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been considered to be an important regulator of airway inflammation in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, but the mechanism of ER stress involved in neutrophilic asthma remain not fully understood. METHODS Tunicamycin is a mixture of homologous nucleoside antibiotics, which is used to induce ER stress. In the present study, Tunicamycin was administered to mouse bronchial epithelial cells and a neutrophilic asthma model (OVALPS-OVA mice), and ER stress indicators and inflammatory cytokines were measured by Western blotting and Elisa. RESULTS Tunicamycin not only induced ER stress in mouse bronchial epithelial cells, but also increased expression of inflammation indicators such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α via PERK-ATF4-CHOP signaling. Additionally, the phosphorylation of PERK and the expression levels of ATF4 and CHOP proteins and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) were elevated in the lung tissue of OVALPS-OVA mice. Administering tunicamycin further increased protein expression levels of ER stress indicators and inflammatory cytokines, and resulted in more severe asthma phenotypes in OVALPS-OVA mice, suggesting that PERK-ATF4-CHOP signaling is associated with airway inflammation in neutrophil-dominant asthma. CONCLUSIONS These data support the emerging notion that regulation of ER stress could be strongly associated with the development of neutrophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyue Guo
- a Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Huixia Li
- b Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Jiali Liu
- b Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Lin Xu
- c Department of Endocrinology , the Affiliated Guangren Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Lan Yang
- d Department of Respiratory , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Zhongmin Sun
- d Department of Respiratory , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Bo Zhou
- d Department of Respiratory , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
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Suzuki Y, Maazi H, Sankaranarayanan I, Lam J, Khoo B, Soroosh P, Barbers RG, James Ou JH, Jung JU, Akbari O. Lack of autophagy induces steroid-resistant airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:1382-1389.e9. [PMID: 26589586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophilic corticosteroid-resistant asthma accounts for a significant proportion of asthma; however, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of the disease. OBJECTIVE We sought to address the role of autophagy in lung inflammation and the pathogenesis of corticosteroid-resistant neutrophilic asthma. METHODS We developed CD11c-specific autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5)(-/-) mice and used several murine models to investigate the role of autophagy in asthmatic patients. RESULTS For the first time, we found that deletion of the Atg5 gene specifically in CD11c(+) cells, which leads to impairment of the autophagy pathway, causes unprovoked spontaneous airway hyperreactivity and severe neutrophilic lung inflammation in mice. We found that severe lung inflammation impairs the autophagy pathway, particularly in pulmonary CD11c(+) cells in wild-type mice. We further found that adoptive transfer of Atg5(-/-), but not wild-type, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells augments lung inflammation with increased IL-17A levels in the lungs. Our data indicate that neutrophilic asthma in Atg5(-/-) mice is glucocorticoid resistant and IL-17A dependent. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that lack of autophagy in pulmonary CD11c(+) cells induces neutrophilic airway inflammation and hyperreactivity.
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Perez B, Henriquez C, Sarmiento J, Morales N, Folch H, Galesio JS, Uberti B, Morán G. Tamoxifen as a new therapeutic tool for neutrophilic lung inflammation. Respirology 2015; 21:112-8. [PMID: 26510482 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Neutrophilic asthma is an important disease subgroup, including patients with severe phenotypes and erratic responses to standard treatments. Tamoxifen (TX), a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used as treatment of human breast cancer, has been shown to induce early apoptosis of equine blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophils in vitro. Equine recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is a naturally occurring neutrophilic condition, closely related with human asthma. Our purpose was to investigate the therapeutic potential of tamoxifen in horses with neutrophilic lung inflammation. METHODS Twelve horses underwent acute lung inflammation through exposure to allergens known to cause RAO, after which they received treatment with either tamoxifen or dexamethasone. Outcome measures included evaluation of clinical signs, BALF cytology, and early apoptosis of blood and BALF neutrophils. RESULTS Tamoxifen treatment decreased BALF neutrophil counts (65.3 ± 19.38% before treatment; 7.6 ± 4.5% 2 days post-treatment,; and 13.6 ± 9.3% 5 days post-treatment). A similar decrease was observed with dexamethasone treatment (48.6 ± 5.88% before treatment; 11.5 ± 8.1% 2 days post-treatment; 14.6 ± 10.3% 5 days post-treatment). Clinical and endoscopic scores improved in both treatment groups. Tamoxifen treatment significantly increased early apoptosis of peripheral blood neutrophils at 5 days post-treatment (27.04 ± 15.2%), and in BALF neutrophils at 2 and 5 days post-treatment (42.11 ± 11.67% and 48.98 ± 2.6%, respectively). CONCLUSION Tamoxifen treatment in horses with induced acute pulmonary inflammation promoted early apoptosis of blood and BALF neutrophils, reduction in BALF neutrophils and improvement in the animals' clinical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Perez
- Department of Pharmacology, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Graduate School, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudio Henriquez
- Department of Pharmacology, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jose Sarmiento
- Department of Physiology, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Natalia Morales
- Department of Pharmacology, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Hugo Folch
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Juan S Galesio
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Benjamin Uberti
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gabriel Morán
- Department of Pharmacology, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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De Alba J, Otal R, Calama E, Domenech A, Prats N, Gozzard N, Miralpeix M; U-BIOPRED consortium. Double-stranded RNA evokes exacerbation in a mouse model of corticosteroid refractory asthma. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:973-87. [PMID: 26245201 DOI: 10.1042/CS20150292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RNA viruses are a major cause of respiratory infections and are known to exacerbate asthma and other respiratory diseases. Our aim was to test the ability of poly(I:C) (polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid), a viral surrogate, to elicit exacerbation in a model of severe asthma driven by HDM (house dust mite) in FCA (Freund's complete adjuvant). Poly(I:C) was administered intranasally around the HDM challenge in FCA-HDM-sensitized animals. Changes in AHR (airway hyperresponsiveness), BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) inflammatory infiltrate, HDM-specific immunoglobulins and cytokine/chemokine release were evaluated at different points after the challenge. The effect of oral dexamethasone was also assessed. Exacerbation was achieved when poly(I:C) was administered 24 h before the HDM challenge and was characterized by enhanced AHR and an increase in the numbers of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes in the BALF. Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines were also elevated at different time points after the challenge. Peribronchial and alveolar inflammation in lung tissue were also augmented. AHR and inflammatory infiltration showed reduced sensitivity to dexamethasone treatment. We have set up a model that mimics key aspects of viral exacerbation in a corticosteroid-refractory asthmatic phenotype which could be used to evaluate new therapies for this condition.
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Abstract
Asthma is a major chronic disease ranging from mild to severe refractory disease and is classified into various clinical phenotypes. Severe asthma is difficult to treat and frequently requires high doses of systemic steroids. In some cases, severe asthma even responds poorly to steroids. Several studies have suggested a central role of IL-17 (also called IL-17A) in severe asthma. Indeed, high levels of IL-17 are found in induced sputum and bronchial biopsies obtained from patients with severe asthma. The recent identification of a steroid-insensitive pathogenic Th17 pathway is therefore of major interest. In addition, IL-17A has been described in multiple aspects of asthma pathogenesis, including structural alterations of epithelial cells and smooth muscle contraction. In this perspective article, we frame the topic of IL-17A effects in severe asthma by reviewing updated information from human studies. We summarize and discuss the implications of IL-17 in the induction of neutrophilic airway inflammation, steroid insensitivity, the epithelial cell profile, and airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chesné
- 1 Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) 1087, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
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