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Swartz HM, Flood AB. EPR biodosimetry: challenges and opportunities. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:1441-1449. [PMID: 37721062 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper briefly examines electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques to measure dose from exposure to external radiation, assessing their current status, potential future uses and the challenges impacting their progress. We conclude the uses and potential value of different EPR techniques depend on the number of victims and whether they characterize short- or long-term risks from exposure. For large populations, EPR biodosimetry based on in vivo measurements or using co-located inanimate objects offer the greatest promise for assessing acute, life-threatening risk and the magnitude and extent of such risk. To assess long-term risk, ex vivo EPR methods using concentrated enamel from exfoliated teeth are most impactful. For small groups, ex vivo EPR biodosimetry based on available samples of teeth, nails and/or bones are most useful. The most important challenges are common to all approaches: improve the technique's technical capabilities and advance recognition by planning groups of the relative strengths EPR techniques offer for each population size. The most useful applications are likely to be for triage and medical guidance in large events and for radiation epidemiology to evaluate long-term risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold M Swartz
- Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Clin-EPR, LLC, Lyme, NH, USA
| | - Ann Barry Flood
- Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Clin-EPR, LLC, Lyme, NH, USA
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2
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Fingernail electron paramagnetic resonance dosimetry protocol for localized hand exposure accident. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2022.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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An Investigation for Heavy Metals’ Contamination in Farmers’ Fingernails: Case Study in Libya. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess the concentration levels of heavy metals, which are associated with health hazards: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) among Libyan farmers using fingernails as a biomarker. Factors that may contribute for accumulation of these toxic heavy metals in the farmers’ fingernails were also evaluated. This cross-sectional study involved 127 farmers and 25 high school teachers living in the same geographical area as the farmers (served as the control group). Fingernail samples of the participants were collected, treated, and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for As, Cd, and Pb contents after microwave acid digestion. Results of this study indicated that the concentration levels of the investigated heavy metals in fingernail samples of both participating farmers and control group were in order of Pb > Cd > As. Also, the results showed that As, Cd, and Pb levels in the farmers’ fingernails were found to be higher than in the control group by about 9-, 5-, and 2-fold, respectively. This difference for all heavy metals analyzed was found to be statistically significant
. As a conclusion, the results of this study clearly indicated that Libyan farmers have been exposed to high levels of toxic heavy metals as a result of their agricultural activities compared with the general population living in the same geographical area as farmers, which, in turn, pose a high risk to their health. Thus, toxicological, epidemiological, and clinical studies for the Libyan farmers are strongly recommended.
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Rosenkranz M, Leßny S, Noecker B, Breakspear S, Dmitrieva E. Formation of free radicals in human hair under strain: Combined electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) - Strain technique. Talanta 2022; 249:123707. [PMID: 35751920 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the formation of free radicals in human hair and the evolution of the radical concentration under strain, using a combined electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) - strain technique, has been investigated. The radicals formed in the hair as a result of homolytic bond cleavage in cystine residues of polypeptide chains were identified. Stability of the radicals formed in dry hair and in the presence of water were studied. The spin-strain curves for the grey human hair in dry state and in water are presented and compared with conventional hair stress vs. strain curves. The evolution of sulfur radical species has been found to only occur at strains of above ca. 25%, corresponding with the Post-Yield region of the stress vs. strain behaviour for hair; this indicates that the matrix of the hair in this region behaves like a highly crosslinked gel and helps to explain the reversibility in hair mechanical behaviour below the Post-Yield region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rosenkranz
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Leßny
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Noecker
- Kao Germany GmbH, Pfungstädter Str. 98-100, 64297, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Steven Breakspear
- Kao Germany GmbH, Pfungstädter Str. 98-100, 64297, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
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Thermally assisted IRSL and VSL measurements of display glass from mobile phones for retrospective dosimetry. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Entine F, Garnier G, Dondey M, Rizzi Y, Gobert A, Bassinet C, Papin S, Pennacino I, Cazoulat A, Amabile JC, Huet C. SEED: An Operational Numerical Tool for Dosimetric Reconstruction in Case of External Radiological Overexposure. HEALTH PHYSICS 2022; 122:271-290. [PMID: 34995220 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In the event of a radiological accident involving external exposure of one or more victims and potential high doses, it is essential to know the dose distribution within the body in order to sort the victims according to the severity of the irradiation and then to take them to the most suitable medical facilities. However, there are currently few techniques that can be rapidly deployed on field and capable of characterizing an irradiation. Therefore, a numerical simulation tool has been designed. It can be implemented by a doctor/physicist pairing, projected within a limited time as close as possible to the irradiation accident and emergency response teams. Called SEED (Simulation of External Exposures & Dosimetry), this tool (dedicated to dose reconstruction in case of external exposure) allows a rapid modeling of the irradiation scene and a visual exchange with the victims and witnesses of the event. The user can navigate in three dimensions in the accident scene thanks to a graphical user interface including a "first person" camera. To validate the performance of the SEED tool, two dosimetric benchmarking exercises were performed. The first consisted in comparing the dose value provided by SEED to that given by a reference calculation code: MCNPX. The purpose of the second validation was to perform an experiment irradiating a physical dummy equipped with dosimeters and to reconstruct this irradiation using SEED. These two validation protocols have shown satisfactory results with mean difference less than 2% and 12% for the first and second exercises, respectively. They confirm that this new tool is able to provide useful information to medical teams in charge of dosimetric triage in case of a major external exposure event.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G Garnier
- French Defense Radiation Protection Service (SPRA), 1 bis rue du lieutenant Raoul Batany - CS500 - 92141 CLAMART Cedex, France
| | - M Dondey
- French Defense Radiation Protection Service (SPRA), 1 bis rue du lieutenant Raoul Batany - CS500 - 92141 CLAMART Cedex, France
| | - Y Rizzi
- Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), 31 avenue de la Division Leclerc - 92260 FONTENAY-AUX-ROSES, France
| | - A Gobert
- Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), 31 avenue de la Division Leclerc - 92260 FONTENAY-AUX-ROSES, France
| | - C Bassinet
- Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), 31 avenue de la Division Leclerc - 92260 FONTENAY-AUX-ROSES, France
| | - S Papin
- French Defense Radiation Protection Service (SPRA), 1 bis rue du lieutenant Raoul Batany - CS500 - 92141 CLAMART Cedex, France
| | - I Pennacino
- French Defense Radiation Protection Service (SPRA), 1 bis rue du lieutenant Raoul Batany - CS500 - 92141 CLAMART Cedex, France
| | - A Cazoulat
- French Defense Radiation Protection Service (SPRA), 1 bis rue du lieutenant Raoul Batany - CS500 - 92141 CLAMART Cedex, France
| | - J C Amabile
- Armed Forces Medical Service Head quarters (DCSSA), 60 boulevard du général Martial Valin - CS 21 623 - 75509 PARIS Cedex 15, France
| | - C Huet
- Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), 31 avenue de la Division Leclerc - 92260 FONTENAY-AUX-ROSES, France
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Blakely WF, Port M, Abend M. Early-response multiple-parameter biodosimetry and dosimetry: risk predictions. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2021; 41:R152-R175. [PMID: 34280908 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac15df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The accepted generic multiple-parameter and early-response biodosimetry and dosimetry assessment approach for suspected high-dose radiation (i.e. life-threatening) exposure includes measuring radioactivity associated with the exposed individual (if appropriate); observing and recording prodromal signs/symptoms; obtaining serial complete blood counts with white-blood-cell differential; sampling blood for the chromosome-aberration cytogenetic bioassay using the 'gold standard' dicentric assay (premature chromosome condensation assay for exposures >5 Gy photon acute doses equivalent), measurement of proteomic biomarkers and gene expression assays for dose assessment; bioassay sampling, if appropriate, to determine radioactive internal contamination; physical dose reconstruction, and using other available opportunistic dosimetry approaches. Biodosimetry and dosimetry resources are identified and should be setup in advance along with agreements to access additional national, regional, and international resources. This multifaceted capability needs to be integrated into a biodosimetry/dosimetry 'concept of operations' for use in a radiological emergency. The combined use of traditional biological-, clinical-, and physical-dosimetry should be use in an integrated approach to provide: (a) early-phase diagnostics to guide the development of initial medical-management strategy, and (b) intermediate and definitive assessment of radiation dose and injury. Use of early-phase (a) clinical signs and symptoms, (b) blood chemistry biomarkers, and (c) triage cytogenetics shows diagnostic utility to predict acute radiation injury severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Blakely
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
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Hirota S, Gonzales CAB, Yasuda H. Behavior of the electron spin resonance signals in X-ray irradiated human fingernails for the establishment of a dose reconstruction procedure. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:812-824. [PMID: 34095957 PMCID: PMC8438265 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The retrospective dosimetry that follows accidental X-ray exposure is becoming more significant for improving radiation diagnosis and treatment. We investigated the dosimetric properties of electron spin resonance (ESR) signals in X-ray irradiated fingernails under conditions that resemble realistic situations. We collected fingernails from 12 Japanese donors between the ages of 30 to 70. The sampled fingernails were utilized for X-ray irradiation, mechanical stimulation and background measurements. We also collected 10 toenails from one of the donors to evaluate their differences from fingernails. Additionally, we prepared 15 samples from two donors to compare the signals generated by γ-rays to those by X-rays. After observing the linear dose-response for both X- and γ-ray irradiated samples, we found that the sensitivity of the air-absorbed dose of γ-ray irradiated samples was identical to that of X-ray irradiated samples. The effect from secondary electrons seemed to be small in fingernails. The inter-individual variation in the sensitivity was no greater than the intra-individual variation. The signal intensities in each measurement fluctuated about the linear response curve, and the size of the fluctuation was dependent on the sample. The average fluctuation corresponded to 1.7 Gy, and the standard deviation was 1.3 Gy. The signal induced by X-rays could be erased by soaking the samples in water and subsequently drying them for four days, which allowed us to estimate the signal intensity prior to the exposure. These characteristics of the ESR signal induced by X-rays facilitate the development of a feasible protocol for fingernail dose reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiko Hirota
- Corresponding author. Department of Radiation Biophysics, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (RIRBM), Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Chryzel Angelica B Gonzales
- Department of Radiation Biophysics, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (RIRBM), Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yasuda
- Department of Radiation Biophysics, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (RIRBM), Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Babaei Bidmeshki N, T Azar Y, Ziaie F, Janbazi M. Unravelling the nature of the α-keratin EPR signal: an ab initio study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:6815-6822. [PMID: 33725043 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05930g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fingernail as a biodosimetry material, analyzed by the EPR technique, has attracted great attention in several experimental studies. One of the most challenging issues that should be addressed is additional signals, masking the radiation-induced signals (RIS) in EPR dosimetry analyses. In this work, we conducted a theoretical study of the RIS radicals and mechanisms to propose robust methods to distinguish the original signal from the irradiated nails' unwanted noise. Also, the proposed approach includes procedures to improve the accuracy of the dosimetry measurements. In our research, three categories of cysteine, DOPA and cystine radicals were considered due to their dominant abundance during the α-keratin reduction-oxidation processes. The SOMO-HOMO inversion is observed while investigating the electronic structure in these quasi-closed-shell systems. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the SOMO-HOMO gap is proportional to the spin localization. Indeed, new peaks in the EPR signals are not observed when the amino acid sequences are different. Moreover, the studied structures' neighborhood effect merely leads to a small change in the peak broadening of the EPR signals. On-the-fly magnetic parameter calculations were used to evaluate the system dynamics' effect on the broadening of the EPR signals in a molecular dynamics simulation. Comparing the calculated parameters with computational and experimental results in other studies helps assign low dose peaks to the corresponding tyrosyl phenoxyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Babaei Bidmeshki
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
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11
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The design of X-band EPR cavity with narrow detection aperture for in vivo fingernail dosimetry after accidental exposure to ionizing radiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2883. [PMID: 33558592 PMCID: PMC7870891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For the purpose of assessing the radiation dose of the victims involved in the nuclear emergency or radiation accident, a new type of X-band EPR resonant cavity for in vivo fingernail EPR dosimetry was designed and a homemade EPR spectrometer for in vivo fingernail detection was constructed. The microwave resonant mode of the cavity was rectangular TE101, and there was a narrow aperture for fingernail detection opened on the cavity’s wall at the position of high detection sensitivity. The DPPH dot sample and the fingernail samples were measured based on the in vivo fingernail EPR spectrometer. The measurements of the DPPH dot sample verified the preliminary functional applicable of the EPR spectrometer and illustrated the microwave power and modulation response features. The fingernails after irradiation by gamma-ray were measured and the radiation-induced signal was acquired. The results indicated that the cavity and the in vivo EPR dosimeter instrument was able to detect the radiation-induced signal in irradiated fingernail, and preliminarily verified the basic function of the instrument and its potential for emergency dose estimate after a radiation accident.
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Gonzales C, Hirota S, Taño J, Yasuda H. Investigation of the dose-response in multiple irradiated fingernails and the combined effect of drying time-temperature to the ESR signal. RADIAT MEAS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2020.106337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wahib NB, Abdul Sani SF, Ramli A, Ismail SS, Abdul Jabar MH, Khandaker MU, Daar E, Almugren KS, Alkallas FH, Bradley DA. Natural dead sea salt and retrospective dosimetry. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:523-537. [PMID: 32462382 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Accidents resulting in widespread dispersal of radioactive materials have given rise to a need for materials that are convenient in allowing individual dose assessment. The present study examines natural Dead Sea salt adopted as a model thermoluminescence dosimetry system. Samples were prepared in two different forms, loose-raw and loose-ground, subsequently exposed to 60Co gamma-rays, delivering doses in the range 2-10 Gy. Key thermoluminescence (TL) properties were examined, including glow curves, dose response, sensitivity, reproducibility and fading. Glow curves shapes were found to be independent of given dose, prominent TL peaks for the raw and ground samples appearing in the temperature ranges 361-385 ºC and 366-401 ºC, respectively. The deconvolution of glow curves has been undertaken using GlowFit, resulting in ten overlapping first-order kinetic glow peaks. For both sample forms, the integrated TL yield displays linearity of response with dose, the loose-raw salt showing some 2.5 × the sensitivity of the ground salt. The samples showed similar degrees of fading, with respective residual signals 28 days post-irradiation of 66% and 62% for the ground and raw forms respectively; conversely, confronted by light-induced fading the respective signal losses were 62% and 80%. The effective atomic number of the Dead Sea salt of 16.3 is comparable to that of TLD-200 (Zeff 16.3), suitable as an environmental radiation monitor in accident situations but requiring careful calibration in the reconstruction of soft tissue dose (soft tissue Zeff 7.2). Sample luminescence studies were carried out via Raman and Photoluminescence spectroscopy as well as X-ray diffraction, ionizing radiation dependent variation in lattice structure being found to influence TL response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norfadira Binti Wahib
- Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S F Abdul Sani
- Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ain Ramli
- Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S S Ismail
- Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - M U Khandaker
- Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - E Daar
- Department of Physics, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - K S Almugren
- Department of Physics, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - F H Alkallas
- Department of Physics, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - D A Bradley
- Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
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Investigation of the applicability of the ESR nail dosimetry for assessment of accidental exposure in medical facilities. RADIAT MEAS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Marciniak A, Ciesielski B, Juniewicz M, Prawdzik-Dampc A, Sawczak M. The effect of sunlight and UV lamps on EPR signal in nails. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2019; 58:287-293. [PMID: 30740616 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-019-00777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of illumination of nail clippings by direct sunlight, UV lamps and fluorescent bulbs on native and radiation-induced electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals in nails are presented. It is shown that a few minutes of exposure of the nail clippings to light including a UV component (sunlight and UV lamps) generates a strong EPR signal similar to the other EPR signals observable in nails: native background (BKG), mechanically induced (MIS) or radiation-induced (RIS). This effect was observed in clippings exposed and unexposed to ionizing radiation prior to the light illuminations. An exposure of the clippings to fluorescent light without a UV component generated, within the examined range of the light fluences (up to 240 kJ/m2), an EPR signal with considerably lower yield than UV light. The light-induced signal (LIS) decayed after 10 min of water treatment of the samples. In contrast, it was still observable 3 months after illumination in samples stored in air at room temperature, and 3 weeks in frozen samples, respectively. It is concluded that the LIS can considerably affect assessment of the dosimetric RIS components in irradiated nails, and of the background signals in unirradiated nails, thus contributing to errors in EPR dosimetry in nails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Marciniak
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Bartłomiej Ciesielski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Juniewicz
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anita Prawdzik-Dampc
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-952, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mirosław Sawczak
- Heat Transfer Department, The Szewalski Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences, Generała Józefa Fiszera 14, 80-231, Gdańsk, Poland
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Marciniak A, Ciesielski B, Czajkowski P, Krefft K, Boguś P, Prawdzik – Dampc A, Lipniewicz J. EPR dosimetry in nail samples irradiated in vivo during total body irradiation procedures. RADIAT MEAS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Swarts SG, Sidabras JW, Grinberg O, Tipikin DS, Kmiec M, Petryakov S, Schreiber W, Wood VA, Williams BB, Flood AB, Swartz HM. Developments in Biodosimetry Methods for Triage With a Focus on X-band Electron Paramagnetic Resonance In Vivo Fingernail Dosimetry. HEALTH PHYSICS 2018; 115:140-150. [PMID: 29787440 PMCID: PMC5967651 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Instrumentation and application methodologies for rapidly and accurately estimating individual ionizing radiation dose are needed for on-site triage in a radiological/nuclear event. One such methodology is an in vivo X-band, electron paramagnetic resonance, physically based dosimetry method to directly measure the radiation-induced signal in fingernails. The primary components under development are key instrument features, such as resonators with unique geometries that allow for large sampling volumes but limit radiation-induced signal measurements to the nail plate, and methodological approaches for addressing interfering signals in the nail and for calibrating dose from radiation-induced signal measurements. One resonator development highlighted here is a surface resonator array designed to reduce signal detection losses due to the soft tissues underlying the nail plate. Several surface resonator array geometries, along with ergonomic features to stabilize fingernail placement, have been tested in tissue-equivalent nail models and in vivo nail measurements of healthy volunteers using simulated radiation-induced signals in their fingernails. These studies demonstrated radiation-induced signal detection sensitivities and quantitation limits approaching the clinically relevant range of ≤ 10 Gy. Studies of the capabilities of the current instrument suggest that a reduction in the variability in radiation-induced signal measurements can be obtained with refinements to the surface resonator array and ergonomic features of the human interface to the instrument. Additional studies are required before the quantitative limits of the assay can be determined for triage decisions in a field application of dosimetry. These include expanded in vivo nail studies and associated ex vivo nail studies to provide informed approaches to accommodate for a potential interfering native signal in the nails when calculating the radiation-induced signal from the nail plate spectral measurements and to provide a method for calibrating dose estimates from the radiation-induced signal measurements based on quantifying experiments in patients undergoing total-body irradiation or total-skin electron therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G. Swarts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32618
| | - Jason W. Sidabras
- Max Planck for Chemical Energy Conversion, Biophysical Chemistry, Mülheim, Germany
| | - Oleg Grinberg
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755
| | | | - Maciej Kmiec
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755
| | - Sergey Petryakov
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755
| | - Wilson Schreiber
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755
| | - Victoria A. Wood
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755
| | | | - Ann Barry Flood
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755
| | - Harold M. Swartz
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755
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Sholom S, McKeever S. Stability of X-band EPR signals from fingernails under vacuum storage. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017; 141:78-87. [PMID: 28781435 DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
EPR signals of different origin have been tested in human finger- and toe-nails with an X-band EPR technique for different conditions of nail storage. Three different signals were identified, namely a singlet at g=2.005, a doublet at g=2.004 with a splitting constant A=1.8 mT, and an anisotropic signal at g1=2.057, g2=2.029 and g3=2.003 (positions of local extrema). All EPR spectra from nails, whether irradiated or mechanically stressed, can be described as a superposition of these three signals. The singlet is responsible for the background signal (BG), is the main component of radiation-induced signals (RIS) for low doses (100 Gy or lower) and also contributes to mechanically-induced signals (MIS). This signal is quite stable under vacuum storage, but can be reduced almost to zero by soaking in water. The behavior of this signal under ambient conditions depends on many factors, such as absorbed dose, air humidity, and ambient illumination intensity at the place of storage. The doublet arises after exposure of nails to high (few hundreds Gy and higher) doses or after mechanical stress of samples. Depending on how this signal was obtained, it may have bulk or surface locations with quite different stability properties. The surface-located doublet (generated on the nail edges during cutting or clipping) is quite unstable and decays over about two hours for samples stored at ambient conditions and within several seconds for samples immersed in water. The volume-distributed doublet decays within a few minutes in water, several hours at ambient conditions and several days in vacuum. The anisotropic signal may also be generated by both ionizing radiation and mechanical stress; this signal is quite stable in vacuum and decays over several days at ambient conditions or a few tens of minutes in water. The reference lines for the above-described three EPR signals were obtained and a procedure of spectra deconvolution was developed and tested on samples exposed to both ionizing radiation and mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Sholom
- Radiation Dosimetry Group, Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Stephen McKeever
- Radiation Dosimetry Group, Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Hall J, Jeggo PA, West C, Gomolka M, Quintens R, Badie C, Laurent O, Aerts A, Anastasov N, Azimzadeh O, Azizova T, Baatout S, Baselet B, Benotmane MA, Blanchardon E, Guéguen Y, Haghdoost S, Harms-Ringhdahl M, Hess J, Kreuzer M, Laurier D, Macaeva E, Manning G, Pernot E, Ravanat JL, Sabatier L, Tack K, Tapio S, Zitzelsberger H, Cardis E. Ionizing radiation biomarkers in epidemiological studies - An update. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 771:59-84. [PMID: 28342453 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent epidemiology studies highlighted the detrimental health effects of exposure to low dose and low dose rate ionizing radiation (IR): nuclear industry workers studies have shown increased leukaemia and solid tumour risks following cumulative doses of <100mSv and dose rates of <10mGy per year; paediatric patients studies have reported increased leukaemia and brain tumours risks after doses of 30-60mGy from computed tomography scans. Questions arise, however, about the impact of even lower doses and dose rates where classical epidemiological studies have limited power but where subsets within the large cohorts are expected to have an increased risk. Further progress requires integration of biomarkers or bioassays of individual exposure, effects and susceptibility to IR. The European DoReMi (Low Dose Research towards Multidisciplinary Integration) consortium previously reviewed biomarkers for potential use in IR epidemiological studies. Given the increased mechanistic understanding of responses to low dose radiation the current review provides an update covering technical advances and recent studies. A key issue identified is deciding which biomarkers to progress. A roadmap is provided for biomarker development from discovery to implementation and used to summarise the current status of proposed biomarkers for epidemiological studies. Most potential biomarkers remain at the discovery stage and for some there is sufficient evidence that further development is not warranted. One biomarker identified in the final stages of development and as a priority for further research is radiation specific mRNA transcript profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Hall
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69424, France.
| | - Penny A Jeggo
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Catharine West
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie Hospital, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Gomolka
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department of Radiation Protection and Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Roel Quintens
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Laurent
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - An Aerts
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Nataša Anastasov
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Omid Azimzadeh
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tamara Azizova
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Clinical Department, Ozyorsk, Russia
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium; Cell Systems and Imaging Research Group, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium; Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohammed A Benotmane
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Eric Blanchardon
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Yann Guéguen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Harms-Ringhdahl
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Hess
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Kreuzer
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department of Radiation Protection and Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dominique Laurier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Ellina Macaeva
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, B-2400 Mol, Belgium; Cell Systems and Imaging Research Group, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Grainne Manning
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Pernot
- INSERM U897, Université de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Jean-Luc Ravanat
- Laboratoire des Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SCIB, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, INAC-SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laure Sabatier
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, BP6, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Karine Tack
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Soile Tapio
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Cardis
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Radiation Programme, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) (MTD formerly), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Jiang M, Li H, Yang H, Fu H. Room‐Temperature Arylation of Thiols: Breakthrough with Aryl Chlorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:874-879. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Haifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Hua Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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21
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Jiang M, Li H, Yang H, Fu H. Room‐Temperature Arylation of Thiols: Breakthrough with Aryl Chlorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Haifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Hua Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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22
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Sholom S, McKeever SWS. Emergency EPR and OSL dosimetry with table vitamins and minerals. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 172:139-144. [PMID: 27412508 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Several table vitamins, minerals and L-lysine amino acid have been preliminarily tested as potential emergency dosemeters using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques. Radiation-induced EPR signals were detected in samples of vitamin B2 and L-lysine while samples of multivitamins of different brands as well as mineral Mg demonstrated prominent OSL signals after exposure to ionizing radiation doses. Basic dosimetric properties of the radiation-sensitive substances were studied, namely dose response, fading of the EPR or OSL signals and values of minimum measurable doses (MMDs). For EPR-sensitive samples, the EPR signal is converted into units of dose using a linear dose response and correcting for fading using the measured fading dependence. For OSL-sensitive materials, a multi-aliquot, enhanced-temperature protocol was developed to avoid the problem of sample sensitization and to minimize the influence of signal fading. The sample dose in this case is also evaluated using the dose response and fading curves. MMDs of the EPR-sensitive samples were below 2 Gy while those of the OSL-sensitive materials were below 500 mGy as long as the samples are analyzed within 1 week after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sholom
- Radiation Dosimetry Group, Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - S W S McKeever
- Radiation Dosimetry Group, Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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23
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Elajaili H, McPeak J, Romanyukha A, Aggarwal P, Eaton SS, Eaton GR. Comparison of Continuous Wave and Rapid Scan X-band Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Irradiated Clipped Fingernails. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 172:133-138. [PMID: 27590467 PMCID: PMC5225971 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
X-band rapid scan electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measures the free radicals in irradiated clipped fingernails with higher signal-to-noise (S/N) and lower standard deviation of the signal amplitude for replicate measurements than does conventional continuous wave (CW) EPR in the same measurement time. For a clipped fingernail sample irradiated to 10 Gy and data acquisition time of 30 s with B1 = 8.5 μT, the S/N for rapid scan is >2000 for the absorption spectrum and 1200 for the corresponding first derivative. The standard deviation for replicate measurements of signal amplitude is ~1%. For CW spectra, the S/N depends on the modulation amplitude. The CW signal has a first derivative peak-to-peak linewidth of 0.95 mT. For 30 s of CW acquisition time, the S/N was 30 for a conservative modulation amplitude of 0.2 mT and B1 of 2.3 μT or 90 for a modulation amplitude of 0.4 mT and B1 of 3.2 μT, which resulted in standard deviations of replicate measurements of 5% or 2%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Elajaili
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA
| | - Joseph McPeak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA
| | | | - Priyanka Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA
| | - Sandra S Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA
| | - Gareth R Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA
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24
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Elajaili H, McPeak J, Romanyukha A, Aggarwal P, Eaton SS, Eaton GR. Comparison of Continuous Wave and Rapid Scan X-band Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Irradiated Clipped Fingernails. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 172:133-138. [PMID: 27590467 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
X-band rapid scan electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measures the free radicals in irradiated clipped fingernails with higher signal-to-noise (S/N) and lower standard deviation of the signal amplitude for replicate measurements than does conventional continuous wave (CW) EPR in the same measurement time. For a clipped fingernail sample irradiated to 10 Gy and data acquisition time of 30 s with B1 = 8.5 μT, the S/N for rapid scan is >2000 for the absorption spectrum and 1200 for the corresponding first derivative. The standard deviation for replicate measurements of signal amplitude is ~1%. For CW spectra, the S/N depends on the modulation amplitude. The CW signal has a first derivative peak-to-peak linewidth of 0.95 mT. For 30 s of CW acquisition time, the S/N was 30 for a conservative modulation amplitude of 0.2 mT and B1 of 2.3 μT or 90 for a modulation amplitude of 0.4 mT and B1 of 3.2 μT, which resulted in standard deviations of replicate measurements of 5% or 2%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Elajaili
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA
| | - Joseph McPeak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA
| | | | - Priyanka Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA
| | - Sandra S Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA
| | - Gareth R Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA
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25
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Grinberg O, Sidabras JW, Tipikin DS, Krymov V, Mariani M, Feldman MM, Kmiec MM, Petryakov SV, Brugger S, Carr B, Schreiber W, Swarts SG, Swartz HM. Dielectric-Backed Aperture Resonators for X-Band in vivo EPR Nail Dosimetry. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 172:121-126. [PMID: 27412507 PMCID: PMC5225980 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A new resonator for X-band in vivo EPR nail dosimetry, the dielectric-backed aperture resonator (DAR), is developed based on rectangular TE102 geometry. This novel geometry for surface spectroscopy improves at least a factor of 20 compared to a traditional non-backed aperture resonator. Such an increase in EPR sensitivity is achieved by using a non-resonant dielectric slab, placed on the aperture inside the cavity. The dielectric slab provides an increased magnetic field at the aperture and sample, while minimizing sensitive aperture resonance conditions. This work also introduces a DAR semi-spherical (SS)-TE011 geometry. The SS-TE011 geometry is attractive due to having twice the incident magnetic field at the aperture for a fixed input power. It has been shown that DAR provides sufficient sensitivity to make biologically relevant measurements both in vitro and in vivo Although in vivo tests have shown some effects of physiological motions that suggest the necessity of a more robust finger holder, equivalent dosimetry sensitivity of approximately 1.4 Gy has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Grinberg
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Jason W Sidabras
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | | | - Vladimir Krymov
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Michael Mariani
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | - Maciej M Kmiec
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | - Spencer Brugger
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Brandon Carr
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | - Steven G Swarts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Harold M Swartz
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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26
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Tipikin DS, Swarts SG, Sidabras JW, Trompier F, Swartz HM. POSSIBLE NATURE OF THE RADIATION-INDUCED SIGNAL IN NAILS: HIGH-FIELD EPR, CONFIRMING CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS, AND QUANTUM CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 172:112-120. [PMID: 27522053 PMCID: PMC5225972 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of finger- and toe-nails to ionizing radiation generates an Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) signal whose intensity is dose dependent and stable at room temperature for several days. The dependency of the radiation-induced signal (RIS) on the received dose may be used as the basis for retrospective dosimetry of an individual's fortuitous exposure to ionizing radiation. Two radiation-induced signals, a quasi-stable (RIS2) and stable signal (RIS5), have been identified in nails irradiated up to a dose of 50 Gy. Using X-band EPR, both RIS signals exhibit a singlet line shape with a line width around 1.0 mT and an apparent g-value of 2.0044. In this work, we seek information on the exact chemical nature of the radiation-induced free radicals underlying the signal. This knowledge may provide insights into the reason for the discrepancy in the stabilities of the two RIS signals and help develop strategies for stabilizing the radicals in nails or devising methods for restoring the radicals after decay. In this work an analysis of high field (94 GHz and 240 GHz) EPR spectra of the RIS using quantum chemical calculations, the oxidation-reduction properties and the pH dependence of the signal intensities are used to show that spectroscopic and chemical properties of the RIS are consistent with a semiquinone-type radical underlying the RIS. It has been suggested that semiquinone radicals formed on trace amounts of melanin in nails are the basis for the RIS signals. However, based on the quantum chemical calculations and chemical properties of the RIS, it is likely that the radicals underlying this signal are generated from the radiolysis of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) amino acids in the keratin proteins. These DOPA amino acids are likely formed from the exogenous oxidation of tyrosine in keratin by the oxygen from the air prior to irradiation. We show that these DOPA amino acids can work as radical traps, capturing the highly reactive and unstable sulfur-based radicals and/or alkyl radicals generated during the radiation event and are converted to the more stable o-semiquinone anion-radicals. From this understanding of the oxidation-reduction properties of the RIS, it may be possible to regenerate the unstable RIS2 following its decay through treatment of nail clippings. However, the treatment used to recover the RIS2 also has the ability to recover an interfering, mechanically-induced signal (MIS) formed when the nail is clipped. Therefore, to use the recovered (regenerated) RIS2 to increase the detection limits and precision of the RIS measurements and, therefore, the dose estimates calculated from the RIS signal amplitudes, will require the application of methods to differentiate the RIS2 from the recovered MIS signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy S Tipikin
- EPR Center at Dartmouth, Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Steven G Swarts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jason W Sidabras
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - François Trompier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, BP 17, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-roses, France
| | - Harold M Swartz
- EPR Center at Dartmouth, Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
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Blakely WF, Romanyukha A, Hayes SM, Reyes RA, Stewart HM, Hoefer MH, Williams A, Sharp T, Huff LA. U.S. Department of Defense Multiple-Parameter Biodosimetry Network. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 172:58-71. [PMID: 27886989 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. Department of Defense (USDOD) service members are at risk of exposure to ionizing radiation due to radiation accidents, terrorist attacks and national defense activities. The use of biodosimetry is a standard of care for the triage and treatment of radiation injuries. Resources and procedures need to be established to implement a multiple-parameter biodosimetry system coupled with expert medial guidance to provide an integrated radiation diagnostic system to meet USDOD requirements. Current USDOD biodosimetry capabilities were identified and recommendations to fill the identified gaps are provided. A USDOD Multi-parametric Biodosimetry Network, based on the expertise that resides at the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute and the Naval Dosimetry Center, was designed. This network based on the use of multiple biodosimetry modalities would provide diagnostic and triage capabilities needed to meet USDOD requirements. These are not available with sufficient capacity elsewhere but could be needed urgently after a major radiological/nuclear event.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Blakely
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889-5603, USA
| | | | | | - Ricardo A Reyes
- Defense Health Agency, Walter Reed National Military Medical Command, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | | | - Matthew H Hoefer
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889-5603, USA
| | | | - Thad Sharp
- Naval Dosimetry Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - L Andrew Huff
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889-5603, USA
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28
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Bailiff I, Sholom S, McKeever S. Retrospective and emergency dosimetry in response to radiological incidents and nuclear mass-casualty events: A review. RADIAT MEAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Zhang T, Zhang W, Zhao Z, Zhang H, Ruan S, Jiao L. TWO FACTORS INFLUENCING DOSE RECONSTRUCTION IN LOW DOSE RANGE: THE VARIABILITY OF BKG INTENSITY ON ONE INDIVIDUAL AND WATER CONTENT. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 171:297-303. [PMID: 26290185 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A fast and accurate retrospective dosimetry method for the triage is very important in radiation accidents. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) fingernail dosimetry is a promising way to estimate radiation dose. This article presents two factors influencing dose reconstruction in low dose range: the variability of background signal (BKG) intensity on one individual and water content. Comparing the EPR spectrum of dried and humidified fingernail samples, it is necessary to add a procedure of dehydration before EPR measurements, so as to eliminate the deviation caused by water content. Besides, the BKGs of different fingers' nails are not the same as researchers thought previously, and the difference between maximum and minimum BKG intensities of one individual can reach 55.89 %. Meanwhile, the variability of the BKG intensity among individuals is large enough to impact precise dose reconstruction. Water within fingernails and instability of BKG are two reasons that cause the inaccuracy of radiation dose reconstruction in low-dosage level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengda Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Baidi Street 238, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Baidi Street 238, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhixin Zhao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Baidi Street 238, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Baidi Street 238, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuzhou Ruan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Baidi Street 238, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Jiao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Baidi Street 238, Tianjin, China
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Trompier F, Burbidge C, Bassinet C, Baumann M, Bortolin E, De Angelis C, Eakins J, Della Monaca S, Fattibene P, Quattrini MC, Tanner R, Wieser A, Woda C. Overview of physical dosimetry methods for triage application integrated in the new European network RENEB. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 93:65-74. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1221545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher Burbidge
- C2TN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, now at SUERC, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Céline Bassinet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), France
| | - Marion Baumann
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), France
| | | | | | - Jonathan Eakins
- Public Health England Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (PHE), UK
| | | | | | | | - Rick Tanner
- Public Health England Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (PHE), UK
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31
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Zhang T, Zhao Z, Zhang H, Zhai H, Ruan S, Jiao L, Zhang W. Effects of water on fingernail electron paramagnetic resonance dosimetry. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2016; 57:460-467. [PMID: 27342838 PMCID: PMC5045077 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrw046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a promising biodosimetric method, and fingernails are sensitive biomaterials to ionizing radiation. Therefore, kinetic energy released per unit mass (kerma) can be estimated by measuring the level of free radicals within fingernails, using EPR. However, to date this dosimetry has been deficient and insufficiently accurate. In the sampling processes and measurements, water plays a significant role. This paper discusses many effects of water on fingernail EPR dosimetry, including disturbance to EPR measurements and two different effects on the production of free radicals. Water that is unable to contact free radicals can promote the production of free radicals due to indirect ionizing effects. Therefore, varying water content within fingernails can lead to varying growth rates in the free radical concentration after irradiation-these two variables have a linear relationship, with a slope of 1.8143. Thus, EPR dosimetry needs to be adjusted according to the water content of the fingernails of an individual. When the free radicals are exposed to water, the eliminating effect will appear. Therefore, soaking fingernail pieces in water before irradiation, as many researchers have previously done, can cause estimation errors. In addition, nails need to be dehydrated before making accurately quantitative EPR measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengda Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Baidi Street 238, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhixin Zhao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Baidi Street 238, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Baidi Street 238, Tianjin, China
| | - Hezheng Zhai
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Baidi Street 238, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuzhou Ruan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Baidi Street 238, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Jiao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Baidi Street 238, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Baidi Street 238, Tianjin, China
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32
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McKeever S, Sholom S. Biodosimetry versus physical dosimetry for emergency dose assessment following large-scale radiological exposures. RADIAT MEAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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33
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Savenkov S, Priezzhev A, Oberemok Y, Sholom S, Kolomiets I, Chunikhina K. Characterization of natural and irradiated nails by means of the depolarization metrics. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:71108. [PMID: 26927390 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.7.071108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mueller polarimetry is applied to study the samples of nails: natural (or reference) and irradiated to 2 Gy ionizing radiation dose. We measure the whole Mueller matrices of the samples as a function of the scattering angle at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. We apply depolarization analysis to measured Mueller matrices by calculating the depolarization metrics [depolarization index, Q(M)-metric, first and second Lorenz indices, Cloude and Lorenz entropy] to quantify separability of the different samples of nails under study based on differences in their Mueller matrix. The results show that nail samples strongly depolarize the output light in backscattering, and irradiation in all cases results in increasing of depolarization. Most sensitive among depolarization metrics are the Lorenz entropy and Q(M)-metric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Savenkov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Radio Physics, Electronics and Computer Systems, Vladimirskaya Street 64, Kiev 01033, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Priezzhev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Physics and International Laser Center, Vorobiovy Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Yevgen Oberemok
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Radio Physics, Electronics and Computer Systems, Vladimirskaya Street 64, Kiev 01033, Ukraine
| | - Sergey Sholom
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Physics, 145 Physical Sciences Building, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Ivan Kolomiets
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Radio Physics, Electronics and Computer Systems, Vladimirskaya Street 64, Kiev 01033, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Chunikhina
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Radio Physics, Electronics and Computer Systems, Vladimirskaya Street 64, Kiev 01033, Ukraine
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34
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Discher M, Bortolin E, Woda C. Investigations of touchscreen glasses from mobile phones for retrospective and accident dosimetry. RADIAT MEAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Mishra DR, Soni A, Rawat NS, Bokam G. Study of thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) from α-keratin protein found in human hairs and nails: potential use in radiation dosimetry. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2016; 55:255-264. [PMID: 26846648 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-016-0634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) properties of human nails and hairs containing α-keratin proteins have been investigated. For the present studies, black hairs and finger nails were selectively collected from individuals with ages between 25 and 35 years. The collected hairs/nails were cut to a size of < 1 mm and cleaned with distilled water to remove dirt and other potential physical sources of contamination. All samples were optically beached with 470 nm of LED light at 60 mW/cm(2) intensity and irradiated by a (60)Co γ source. The hair and nail samples showed overlapping multiple TL glow peaks in the temperature range from 70 to 210 ° C. Continuous wave (CW)-OSL measurements of hair samples at a wavelength of 470 nm showed the presence of two distinct OSL components with photoionization cross section (PIC) values of about 1.65 × 10(-18) cm(2) and about 3.48 × 10(-19) cm(2), while measurements of nail samples showed PIC values of about 6.98 × 10(-18) cm(2) and about 8.7 × 10(-19) cm(2), respectively. This difference in PIC values for hair and nail samples from the same individual is attributed to different arrangement of α-keratin protein concentrations in the samples. The OSL sensitivity was found to vary ± 5 times among nail and hair samples from different individuals, with significant fading (60% in 11 h) at room temperature. The remaining signal (after fading) can be useful for dose estimation when a highly sensitive OSL reader is used. In the absorbed dose range of 100 mGy-100 Gy, both the TL and OSL signals of hair and nail samples showed linear dose dependence. The results obtained in the present study suggest that OSL using hair and nail samples may provide a supplementary method of dose estimation in radiological and nuclear emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Mishra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India.
| | - A Soni
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - N S Rawat
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - G Bokam
- Radiological Safety Division, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai, 400 094, India
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36
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Guilarte V, Trompier F, Duval M. Evaluating the Potential of Q-Band ESR Spectroscopy for Dose Reconstruction of Fossil Tooth Enamel. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150346. [PMID: 26930398 PMCID: PMC4773243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of Q-band Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) for quantitative measurements has been scarcely evaluated in the literature and its application for dose reconstruction of fossil tooth enamel with dating purposes remains still quite unknown. Hence, we have performed a comparative study based on several Early to Middle Pleistocene fossil tooth samples using both X- and Q-band spectroscopies. Our results show that Q-band offers a significant improvement in terms of sensitivity and signal resolution: it allows not only to work with reduced amounts of valuable samples (< 4 mg), but also to identify different components of the main composite ESR signal. However, inherent precision of the ESR intensity measurements at Q-band is clearly lower than that achieved at X-band, highlighting the necessity to carry out repeated measurements. All dose values derived from X- and Q-band are nevertheless systematically consistent at either 1 or 2 sigma. In summary, our results indicate that Q-band could now be considered as a reliable tool for ESR dosimetry/dating of fossil teeth although further work is required to improve the repeatability of the measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Guilarte
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - François Trompier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mathieu Duval
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
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Abstract
Human finger- and toenails have been tested with an X-band EPR technique for different conditions of nail storage. The main radiation-induced signal at g=2.005 demonstrated good stability if the samples were stored in a vacuum at room temperature after nail harvesting and irradiation. On the basis of this phenomenon, a new protocol is proposed to use the nails as possible emergency EPR dosimeters. The dosimetry protocol was tested on laboratory-exposed samples and demonstrated the ability to recover doses in the region 0-10 Gy with an estimated uncertainty of approximately 0.3-0.4 Gy for doses in the range < 2 Gy, increasing to 0.6-0.7 Gy for doses in the range 5-10 Gy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sholom
- Radiation Dosimetry Group, Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - S W S McKeever
- Radiation Dosimetry Group, Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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38
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Şahiner E, Meriç N, Polymeris GS. Impact of different mechanical pre-treatment to the EPR signals of human fingernails towards studying dose response and fading subjected to UV exposure or beta irradiation. RADIAT MEAS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Meriç N, Yüce ÜR, Şahiner E, Damianidis A, Polymeris GS. Dose response and fading studies on de-proteinated tooth enamel after de-convolution using the sum of general order kinetics and a component for tunnelling recombination. RADIAT MEAS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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40
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Wang L, Wang X, Zhang W, Zhang H, Ruan S, Jiao L. Determining Dosimetric Properties and Lowest Detectable Dose of Fingernail Clippings from their Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Signal. HEALTH PHYSICS 2015; 109:10-14. [PMID: 26011494 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the dosimetric properties and the lowest detectable dose of fingernails from their electron paramagnetic resonance signal. Fingernail clippings from 50 healthy individuals were collected, rinsed in water, and irradiated with (137)Cs gamma rays. Next, their electron paramagnetic resonance spectra were measured before and after exposure. The radiation-induced signal from the irradiated fingernails was relatively stable even after 68 d. Further, the intensity of the radiation-induced signal increased with progressive increases in the dose until saturation, while the background signal from the irradiated fingernails increased only gradually with time. The lowest detectable dose of the irradiated fingernails was 2 Gy. On the basis of these results, it can be concluded that the effect of the intrinsic signal must be taken into account during dose reconstruction. This electron paramagnetic resonance assessment method should be useful for the rapid screening of irradiated populations after nuclear accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- *Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, 238 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
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Meriç N, Şahiner E, Bariş A, Polymeris GS. Thermoluminescence properties of irradiated commercial color pencils for accidental retrospective dosimetry. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 99:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Trompier F, Romanyukha A, Swarts S, Reyes R, Gourier D. Influence of nails polish in EPR dosimetry with human nails. RADIAT MEAS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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43
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Romanyukha A, Trompier F, Reyes RA, Christensen DM, Iddins CJ, Sugarman SL. Electron paramagnetic resonance radiation dose assessment in fingernails of the victim exposed to high dose as result of an accident. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2014; 53:755-762. [PMID: 24957016 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-014-0553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report results of radiation dose measurements in fingernails of a worker who sustained a radiation injury to his right thumb while using 130 kVp X-ray for nondestructive testing. Clinically estimated absorbed dose was about 20-25 Gy. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dose assessment was independently carried out by two laboratories, the Naval Dosimetry Center (NDC) and French Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN). The laboratories used different equipments and protocols to estimate doses in the same fingernail samples. NDC used an X-band transportable EPR spectrometer, e-scan produced by Bruker BioSpin, and a universal dose calibration curve. In contrast, IRSN used a more sensitive Q-band stationary spectrometer (EMXplus) with a new approach for the dose assessment (dose saturation method), derived by additional dose irradiation to known doses. The protocol used by NDC is significantly faster than that used by IRSN, nondestructive, and could be done in field conditions, but it is probably less accurate and requires more sample for the measurements. The IRSN protocol, on the other hand, potentially is more accurate and requires very small amount of sample but requires more time and labor. In both EPR laboratories, the intense radiation-induced signal was measured in the accidentally irradiated fingernails and the resulting dose assessments were different. The dose on the fingernails from the right thumb was estimated as 14 ± 3 Gy at NDC and as 19 ± 6 Gy at IRSN. Both EPR dose assessments are given in terms of tissue kerma. This paper discusses the experience gained by using EPR for dose assessment in fingernails with a stationary spectrometer versus a portable one, the reasons for the observed discrepancies in dose, and potential advantages and disadvantages of each approach for EPR measurements in fingernails.
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44
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Marciniak A, Ciesielski B, Prawdzik-Dampc A. The effect of dose and water treatment on EPR signals in irradiated fingernails. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2014; 162:6-9. [PMID: 25004939 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncu207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fast and precise retrospective dosimetry is crucial in making decisions about medical procedures and safety measures in radiation accidents. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has a potential as one of available biodosimetry methods for use in victims of such incidents. In this study, authors present the findings on EPR dosimetry in fingernails. Authors describe changes of EPR signals in unirradiated and irradiated nails in time after cutting and the effect of water on the mechanically induced and radiation-induced EPR signals measured ex vivo in the fingernails. The effect of dose on amplitude of the EPR signal was measured in nails that were soaked for 10 min in water after their irradiation. The obtained dose-response curves, which reflect changes in concentration of the radiation-induced RIS5 radicals, reach their maximum for doses of 40-60 Gy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marciniak
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, Gdańsk 80-211, Poland
| | - B Ciesielski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, Gdańsk 80-211, Poland
| | - A Prawdzik-Dampc
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, Gdańsk 80-211, Poland
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45
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Walsh L, Zhang W, Shore RE, Auvinen A, Laurier D, Wakeford R, Jacob P, Gent N, Anspaugh LR, Schüz J, Kesminiene A, van Deventer E, Tritscher A, del Rosarion Pérez M. A framework for estimating radiation-related cancer risks in Japan from the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident. Radiat Res 2014; 182:556-72. [PMID: 25251702 DOI: 10.1667/rr13779.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We present here a methodology for health risk assessment adopted by the World Health Organization that provides a framework for estimating risks from the Fukushima nuclear accident after the March 11, 2011 Japanese major earthquake and tsunami. Substantial attention has been given to the possible health risks associated with human exposure to radiation from damaged reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station. Cumulative doses were estimated and applied for each post-accident year of life, based on a reference level of exposure during the first year after the earthquake. A lifetime cumulative dose of twice the first year dose was estimated for the primary radionuclide contaminants ((134)Cs and (137)Cs) and are based on Chernobyl data, relative abundances of cesium isotopes, and cleanup efforts. Risks for particularly radiosensitive cancer sites (leukemia, thyroid and breast cancer), as well as the combined risk for all solid cancers were considered. The male and female cumulative risks of cancer incidence attributed to radiation doses from the accident, for those exposed at various ages, were estimated in terms of the lifetime attributable risk (LAR). Calculations of LAR were based on recent Japanese population statistics for cancer incidence and current radiation risk models from the Life Span Study of Japanese A-bomb survivors. Cancer risks over an initial period of 15 years after first exposure were also considered. LAR results were also given as a percentage of the lifetime baseline risk (i.e., the cancer risk in the absence of radiation exposure from the accident). The LAR results were based on either a reference first year dose (10 mGy) or a reference lifetime dose (20 mGy) so that risk assessment may be applied for relocated and non-relocated members of the public, as well as for adult male emergency workers. The results show that the major contribution to LAR from the reference lifetime dose comes from the first year dose. For a dose of 10 mGy in the first year and continuing exposure, the lifetime radiation-related cancer risks based on lifetime dose (which are highest for children under 5 years of age at initial exposure), are small, and much smaller than the lifetime baseline cancer risks. For example, after initial exposure at age 1 year, the lifetime excess radiation risk and baseline risk of all solid cancers in females were estimated to be 0.7 · 10(-2) and 29.0 · 10(-2), respectively. The 15 year risks based on the lifetime reference dose are very small. However, for initial exposure in childhood, the 15 year risks based on the lifetime reference dose are up to 33 and 88% as large as the 15 year baseline risks for leukemia and thyroid cancer, respectively. The results may be scaled to particular dose estimates after consideration of caveats. One caveat is related to the lack of epidemiological evidence defining risks at low doses, because the predicted risks come from cancer risk models fitted to a wide dose range (0-4 Gy), which assume that the solid cancer and leukemia lifetime risks for doses less than about 0.5 Gy and 0.2 Gy, respectively, are proportional to organ/tissue doses: this is unlikely to seriously underestimate risks, but may overestimate risks. This WHO-HRA framework may be used to update the risk estimates, when new population health statistics data, dosimetry information and radiation risk models become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Walsh
- a BfS - Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Radiation Protection and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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46
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Wieser A, Darroudi F. EPRBioDose 2013: EPR applications and biological dosimetry. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2014; 53:217-220. [PMID: 24643278 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-014-0535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Wieser
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany,
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