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Udroiu I, Sgura A. X-ray and DNA Damage: Limitations of the Dose as a Parameter for In Vitro Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16643. [PMID: 38068965 PMCID: PMC10706214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A century of studies has demonstrated that the magnitude of a radiation dose determines the extent of its biological effect. However, different types of radiation show different levels of effectiveness. Although all types of X-rays are usually considered to be equivalent, several authors have demonstrated an inverse relationship between photon energy and the biological effectiveness of the X-ray. Nonetheless, the differences among 50-100 keV X-rays are usually considered absent. However, comparing different types of X-rays with different energies is not easy since they are often used with different dose rates, and the latter can be a confounding factor. We compared the biological effectiveness of X-rays with different photon energies but with the same dose rate. Moreover, we also studied X-ray with different dose rates but the same photon energy. Biological effectiveness was assessed measuring DNA damage and cell survival. We confirmed that both the dose rate and photon energy influence the effectiveness of an X-ray. Moreover, we observed that differences in the 50-100 keV range are detectable after controlling for dose-rate variations. Our results, confirming those of previous studies in a more consistent way (and accompanied by hypotheses on the importance of the number of incident photons), underline the limitations of using the dose as the sole parameter for in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Udroiu
- Department of Sciences, Università Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy;
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2
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Garty G, Royba E, Repin M, Shuryak I, Deoli N, Obaid R, Turner HC, Brenner DJ. Sex and dose rate effects in automated cytogenetics. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:1495-1500. [PMID: 37721073 PMCID: PMC10505938 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Testing and validation of biodosimetry assays is routinely performed using conventional dose rate irradiation platforms, at a dose rate of approximately 1 Gy/min. In contrast, the exposures from an improvised nuclear device will be delivered over a large range of dose rates with a prompt irradiation component, delivered in less than 1 μs, and a protracted component delivered over hours and days. We present preliminary data from a large demographic study we have undertaken for investigation of age, sex and dose rate effects on dicentric and micronucleus yields. Our data demonstrate reduced dicentric and micronucleus yields at very high dose rates. Additionally, we have seen small differences between males and females, with males having slightly fewer micronuclei and slightly more dicentrics than females, at high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Garty
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, Irvington, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ekaterina Royba
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mikhail Repin
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Naresh Deoli
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Razib Obaid
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Helen C Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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3
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Pannkuk EL, Laiakis EC, Garty G, Ponnaiya B, Wu X, Shuryak I, Ghandhi SA, Amundson SA, Brenner DJ, Fornace AJ. Variable Dose Rates in Realistic Radiation Exposures: Effects on Small Molecule Markers of Ionizing Radiation in the Murine Model. Radiat Res 2023; 200:1-12. [PMID: 37212727 PMCID: PMC10410530 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00211.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Novel biodosimetry assays for use in preparedness and response to potential malicious attacks or nuclear accidents would ideally provide accurate dose reconstruction independent of the idiosyncrasies of a complex exposure to ionizing radiation. Complex exposures will consist of dose rates spanning the low dose rates (LDR) to very high-dose rates (VHDR) that need to be tested for assay validation. Here, we investigate how a range of relevant dose rates affect metabolomic dose reconstruction at potentially lethal radiation exposures (8 Gy in mice) from an initial blast or subsequent fallout exposures compared to zero or sublethal exposures (0 or 3 Gy in mice) in the first 2 days, which corresponds to an integral time individuals will reach medical facilities after a radiological emergency. Biofluids (urine and serum) were collected from both male and female 9-10-week-old C57BL/6 mice at 1 and 2 days postirradiation (total doses of 0, 3 or 8 Gy) after a VHDR of 7 Gy/s. Additionally, samples were collected after a 2-day exposure consisting of a declining dose rate (1 to 0.004 Gy/min) recapitulating the 7:10 rule-of-thumb time dependency of nuclear fallout. Overall similar perturbations were observed in both urine and serum metabolite concentrations irrespective of sex or dose rate, with the exception of xanthurenic acid in urine (female specific) and taurine in serum (VHDR specific). In urine, we developed identical multiplex metabolite panels (N6, N6,N6-trimethyllysine, carnitine, propionylcarnitine, hexosamine-valine-isoleucine, and taurine) that could identify individuals receiving potentially lethal levels of radiation from the zero or sublethal cohorts with excellent sensitivity and specificity, with creatine increasing model performance at day 1. In serum, individuals receiving a 3 or 8 Gy exposure could be identified from their pre-irradiation samples with excellent sensitivity and specificity, however, due to a lower dose response the 3 vs. 8 Gy groups could not be distinguished from each other. Together with previous results, these data indicate that dose-rate-independent small molecule fingerprints have potential in novel biodosimetry assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L. Pannkuk
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
- Center for Metabolomic Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Evagelia C. Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
- Center for Metabolomic Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Guy Garty
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, Irvington, New York
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Brian Ponnaiya
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Shanaz A. Ghandhi
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Sally A. Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
- Center for Metabolomic Studies, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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4
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Okunola HL, Shuryak I, Repin M, Wu HC, Santella RM, Terry MB, Turner HC, Brenner DJ. Improved prediction of breast cancer risk based on phenotypic DNA damage repair capacity in peripheral blood B cells. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3093360. [PMID: 37461559 PMCID: PMC10350237 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3093360/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Standard Breast Cancer (BC) risk prediction models based only on epidemiologic factors generally have quite poor performance, and there have been a number of risk scores proposed to improve them, such as AI-based mammographic information, polygenic risk scores and pathogenic variants. Even with these additions BC risk prediction performance is still at best moderate. In that decreased DNA repair capacity (DRC) is a major risk factor for development of cancer, we investigated the potential to improve BC risk prediction models by including a measured phenotypic DRC assay. Methods Using blood samples from the Breast Cancer Family Registry we assessed the performance of phenotypic markers of DRC in 46 matched pairs of individuals, one from each pair with BC (with blood drawn before BC diagnosis) and the other from controls matched by age and time since blood draw. We assessed DRC in thawed cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by measuring γ-H2AX yields (a marker for DNA double-strand breaks) at multiple times from 1 to 20 hrs after a radiation challenge. The studies were performed using surface markers to discriminate between different PBMC subtypes. Results The parameter F res , the residual damage signal in PBMC B cells at 20 hrs post challenge, was the strongest predictor of breast cancer with an AUC (Area Under receiver-operator Curve) of 0.89 [95% Confidence Interval: 0.84-0.93] and a BC status prediction accuracy of 0.80. To illustrate the combined use of a phenotypic predictor with standard BC predictors, we combined F res in B cells with age at blood draw, and found that the combination resulted in significantly greater BC predictive power (AUC of 0.97 [95% CI: 0.94-0.99]), an increase of 13 percentage points over age alone. Conclusions If replicated in larger studies, these results suggest that inclusion of a fingerstick-based phenotypic DRC blood test has the potential to markedly improve BC risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hui-Chen Wu
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
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5
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Royba E, Repin M, Balajee AS, Shuryak I, Pampou S, Karan C, Wang YF, Lemus OD, Obaid R, Deoli N, Wuu CS, Brenner DJ, Garty G. Validation of a High-Throughput Dicentric Chromosome Assay Using Complex Radiation Exposures. Radiat Res 2023; 199:1-16. [PMID: 35994701 PMCID: PMC9947868 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00007.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Validation of biodosimetry assays is routinely performed using primarily orthovoltage irradiators at a conventional dose rate of approximately 1 Gy/min. However, incidental/ accidental exposures caused by nuclear weapons can be more complex. The aim of this work was to simulate the DNA damage effects mimicking those caused by the detonation of a several kilotons improvised nuclear device (IND). For this, we modeled complex exposures to: 1. a mixed (photons + IND-neutrons) field and 2. different dose rates that may come from the blast, nuclear fallout, or ground deposition of radionuclides (ground shine). Additionally, we assessed whether myeloid cytokines affect the precision of radiation dose estimation by modulating the frequency of dicentric chromosomes. To mimic different exposure scenarios, several irradiation systems were used. In a mixed field study, human blood samples were exposed to a photon field enriched with neutrons (ranging from 10% to 37%) from a source that mimics Hiroshima's A-bomb's energy spectrum (0.2-9 MeV). Using statistical analysis, we assessed whether photons and neutrons act in an additive or synergistic way to form dicentrics. For the dose rates study, human blood was exposed to photons or electrons at dose rates ranging from low (where the dose was spread over 32 h) to extremely high (where the dose was delivered in a fraction of a microsecond). Potential effects of cytokine treatment on biodosimetry dose predictions were analyzed in irradiated blood subjected to Neupogen or Neulasta for 24 or 48 h at the concentration recommended to forestall manifestation of an acute radiation syndrome in bomb survivors. All measurements were performed using a robotic station, the Rapid Automated Biodosimetry Tool II, programmed to culture lymphocytes and score dicentrics in multiwell plates (the RABiT-II DCA). In agreement with classical concepts of radiation biology, the RABiT-II DCA calibration curves suggested that the frequency of dicentrics depends on the type of radiation and is modulated by changes in the dose rate. The resulting dose-response curves suggested an intermediate dicentric yields and additive effects of photons and IND-neutrons in the mixed field. At ultra-high dose rate (600 Gy/s), affected lymphocytes exhibited significantly fewer dicentrics (P < 0.004, t test). In contrast, we did not find the dose-response modification effects of radiomitigators on the yields of dicentrics (Bonferroni corrected P > 0.006, ANOVA test). This result suggests no bias in the dose predictions should be expected after emergency cytokine treatment initiated up to 48 h prior to blood collection for dicentric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Royba
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Mikhail Repin
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Adayabalam S. Balajee
- Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS), Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory (CBL), Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Sergey Pampou
- Columbia Genome Center High-Throughput Screening facility, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Charles Karan
- Columbia Genome Center High-Throughput Screening facility, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Yi-Fang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Olga Dona Lemus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Razib Obaid
- Radiological Research Accelerator facility, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Irvington, New York
- Currently at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California
| | - Naresh Deoli
- Radiological Research Accelerator facility, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Irvington, New York
| | - Cheng-Shie Wuu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Guy Garty
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
- Radiological Research Accelerator facility, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Irvington, New York
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6
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Shuryak I, Royba E, Repin M, Turner HC, Garty G, Deoli N, Brenner DJ. A machine learning method for improving the accuracy of radiation biodosimetry by combining data from the dicentric chromosomes and micronucleus assays. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21077. [PMID: 36473912 PMCID: PMC9726929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A large-scale malicious or accidental radiological event can expose vast numbers of people to ionizing radiation. The dicentric chromosome (DCA) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assays are well-established biodosimetry methods for estimating individual absorbed doses after radiation exposure. Here we used machine learning (ML) to test the hypothesis that combining automated DCA and CBMN assays will improve dose reconstruction accuracy, compared with using either cytogenetic assay alone. We analyzed 1349 blood sample aliquots from 155 donors of different ages (3-69 years) and sexes (49.1% males), ex vivo irradiated with 0-8 Gy at dose rates from 0.08 Gy/day to ≥ 600 Gy/s. We compared the performances of several state-of-the-art ensemble ML methods and found that random forest generated the best results, with R2 for actual vs. reconstructed doses on a testing data subset = 0.845, and mean absolute error = 0.628 Gy. The most important predictor variables were CBMN and DCA frequencies, and age. Removing CBMN or DCA data from the model significantly increased squared errors on testing data (p-values 3.4 × 10-8 and 1.1 × 10-6, respectively). These findings demonstrate the promising potential of combining CBMN and DCA assay data to reconstruct radiation doses in realistic scenarios of heterogeneous populations exposed to a mass-casualty radiological event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Ekaterina Royba
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mikhail Repin
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Helen C Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Guy Garty
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Irvington, NY, USA
| | - Naresh Deoli
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Irvington, NY, USA
| | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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7
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Transcriptomics of Wet Skin Biopsies Predict Early Radiation-Induced Hematological Damage in a Mouse Model. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030538. [PMID: 35328091 PMCID: PMC8952434 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of an easy and fast radiation-exposure testing method with a dosimetric ability complicates triage and treatment in response to a nuclear detonation, radioactive material release, or clandestine exposure. The potential of transcriptomics in radiation diagnosis and prognosis were assessed here using wet skin (blood/skin) biopsies obtained at hour 2 and days 4, 7, 21, and 28 from a mouse radiation model. Analysis of significantly differentially transcribed genes (SDTG; p ≤ 0.05 and FC ≥ 2) during the first post-exposure week identified the glycoprotein 6 (GP-VI) signaling, the dendritic cell maturation, and the intrinsic prothrombin activation pathways as the top modulated pathways with stable inactivation after lethal exposures (20 Gy) and intermittent activation after sublethal (1, 3, 6 Gy) exposure time points (TPs). Interestingly, these pathways were inactivated in the late TPs after sublethal exposure in concordance with a delayed deleterious effect. Modulated transcription of a variety of collagen types, laminin, and peptidase genes underlay the modulated functions of these hematologically important pathways. Several other SDTGs related to platelet and leukocyte development and functions were identified. These results outlined genetic determinants that were crucial to clinically documented radiation-induced hematological and skin damage with potential countermeasure applications.
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8
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Satyamitra M, Reyes Turcu FE, Pantoja-Galicia N, Wathen L. Challenges and Strategies in the Development of Radiation Biodosimetry Tests for Patient Management. Radiat Res 2021; 196:455-467. [PMID: 34143223 PMCID: PMC9923779 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00072.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The public health and medical response to a radiological or nuclear incident requires the capability to sort, assess, treat, triage and ultimately discharge, as well as to refer or transport people to their next step in medical care. The Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise (PHEMCE), directed by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), facilitates a comprehensive, multi-agency effort to develop and deploy radiation biodosimetry tests. Within HHS, discovery and development of biodosimetry tests includes the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Preparedness and Response (ASPR), Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as primary partners in this endeavor. The study of radiation biodosimetry has advanced significantly, with expansion into the fields of cytogenetics, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics and transcriptomics. In addition, expansion of traditional cytogenetic assessment methods using automated platforms, and development of laboratory surge capacity networks have helped to advance biodefense preparedness. This article describes various programs and coordinating efforts between NIAID, BARDA and FDA in the development of radiation biodosimetry approaches to respond to radiological and nuclear threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merriline Satyamitra
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Rockville, Maryland 20892-9828
| | - Francisca E. Reyes Turcu
- United States Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA), Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002
| | - Norberto Pantoja-Galicia
- United States Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA), Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002
| | - Lynne Wathen
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Washington, DC 20201
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9
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Scartoni FR, Sant'Ana LDO, Murillo-Rodriguez E, Yamamoto T, Imperatori C, Budde H, Vianna JM, Machado S. Physical Exercise and Immune System in the Elderly: Implications and Importance in COVID-19 Pandemic Period. Front Psychol 2020; 11:593903. [PMID: 33329256 PMCID: PMC7711129 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.593903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is seen as the main ally for health promotion, preventing and protecting the organism from several diseases. According to WHO, there is a tendency of constant growth in the elderly population in the coming years. The regular practice of exercises by the elderly becomes relevant to minimize the deleterious effects of the aging process and to increase the fitness index. Recently, the world population started a confrontation against Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), which is the most significant public health challenge globally. Although social isolation is a reasonable measure in an attempt to stop contamination by COVID-19, this measure has limited the ability of individuals to exercise outdoors or in gyms and health clubs, which increased the risk of developing chronic illnesses related to a sedentary lifestyle. The critical point is that the recent recommendations on exercise prescription to combat the potentially harmful effects of COVID-19 failure to adequately address resistance exercise interventions as home-based exercise strategy. Thus, in this paper, we discussed the physical exercise as medicine if the training status is enough to protect the elderly against COVID-19 infection, about the role of physical activity on immunosuppression. Possible risks for COVID-19 infection, and the old training methods, such as no-load resistance training as possible resistance exercise strategies and high-intensity interval training, as new proposals of home-based exercise interventions, could perform during the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Rodrigues Scartoni
- Department of Physical Education, Catholic University of Petrópolis, Petrópolis, Brazil.,Sport and Exercise Sciences Laboratory, Catholic University of Petrópolis, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Leandro de Oliveira Sant'Ana
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Laboratory, Catholic University of Petrópolis, Petrópolis, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Eric Murillo-Rodriguez
- Molecular and Integrative Neuroscience Laboratory, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Mexico.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, México
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, México.,Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Claudio Imperatori
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, México.,Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Henning Budde
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, México.,MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeferson Macedo Vianna
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Sergio Machado
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, México.,Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, São Gonçalo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Neurodiversity Institute, Queimados, Brazil
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10
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Garty G, Xu Y, Johnson GW, Smilenov LB, Joseph SK, Pujol-Canadell M, Turner HC, Ghandhi SA, Wang Q, Shih R, Morton RC, Cuniberti DE, Morton SR, Bueno-Beti C, Morgan TL, Caracappa PF, Laiakis EC, Fornace AJ, Amundson SA, Brenner DJ. VADER: a variable dose-rate external 137Cs irradiator for internal emitter and low dose rate studies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19899. [PMID: 33199728 PMCID: PMC7670416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the long term, 137Cs is probably the most biologically important agent released in many accidental (or malicious) radiation disasters. It can enter the food chain, and be consumed, or, if present in the environment (e.g. from fallout), can provide external irradiation over prolonged times. In either case, due to the high penetration of the energetic γ rays emitted by 137Cs, the individual will be exposed to a low dose rate, uniform, whole body, irradiation. The VADER (VAriable Dose-rate External 137Cs irradiatoR) allows modeling these exposures, bypassing many of the problems inherent in internal emitter studies. Making use of discarded 137Cs brachytherapy seeds, the VADER can provide varying low dose rate irradiations at dose rates of 0.1 to 1.2 Gy/day. The VADER includes a mouse "hotel", designed to allow long term simultaneous residency of up to 15 mice. Two source platters containing ~ 250 mCi each of 137Cs brachytherapy seeds are mounted above and below the "hotel" and can be moved under computer control to provide constant low dose rate or a varying dose rate mimicking 137Cs biokinetics in mouse or man. We present the VADER design and characterization of its performance over 18 months of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Garty
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, 136 S. Broadway, Box 21, Irvington, NY, 10533, USA.
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Yanping Xu
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, 136 S. Broadway, Box 21, Irvington, NY, 10533, USA
| | - Gary W Johnson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Lubomir B Smilenov
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Simon K Joseph
- David A. Gardner PET Imaging Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Helen C Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Shanaz A Ghandhi
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Rompin Shih
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Robert C Morton
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - David E Cuniberti
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Shad R Morton
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Carlos Bueno-Beti
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Thomas L Morgan
- Environmental Health and Safety, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Peter F Caracappa
- Environmental Health and Safety, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Sally A Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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11
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Albertini RJ, Kaden DA. Mutagenicity monitoring in humans: Global versus specific origin of mutations. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 786:108341. [PMID: 33339577 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An underappreciated aspect of human mutagenicity biomonitoring is tissue specificity reflected in different assays, especially those that measure events that can only occur in developing bone marrow (BM) cells. Reviewed here are 9 currently-employed human mutagenicity biomonitoring assays. Several assays measure chromosome-level events in circulating T-lymphocytes (T-cells), i.e., traditional analyses of aberrations, translocation studies involving chromosome painting and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and determinations of micronuclei (MN). Other T-cell assays measure gene mutations. i.e., hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoriboslytransferase (HPRT) and phosphoribosylinositol glycan class A (PIGA). In addition to the T-cell assays, also reviewed are those assays that measure events in peripheral blood cells that necessarily arose in BM cells, i.e., MN in reticulocytes; glycophorin A (GPA) gene mutations in red blood cells (RBCs), and PIGA gene mutations in RBC or granulocytes. This review considers only cell culture- or cytometry-based assays to describe endpoints measured, methods, optimal sampling times, and sample summaries of typical quantitative and qualitative results. However, to achieve its intended focus on the target cells where events occur, kinetics of the cells of peripheral blood that derive at some point from precursor cells are reviewed to identify body sites and tissues where the genotoxic events originate. Kinetics indicate that in normal adults, measured events in T-cells afford global assessments of in vivo mutagenicity but are not specific for BM effects. Therefore, an agent's capacity for inducing mutations in BM cells cannot be reliably inferred from T-cell assays as the magnitude of effect in BM, if any, is unknown. By contrast, chromosome or gene level mutations measured in RBCs/reticulocytes or granulocytes must originate in BM cells, i.e. in RBC or granulocyte precursors, thereby making them specific indicators for effects in BM. Assays of mutations arising directly in BM cells may quantitatively reflect the mutagenicity of potential leukemogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Albertini
- University of Vermont, 111 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05401, United States
| | - Debra A Kaden
- Ramboll US Consulting, Inc., 101 Federal Street, Suite 1900, Boston, MA 02110, United States.
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12
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Wathen LK, Eder PS, Horwith G, Wallace RL. Using biodosimetry to enhance the public health response to a nuclear incident. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 97:S6-S9. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1820605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. K. Wathen
- United States Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Preparedness and Response, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Washington, DC, USA
| | - P. S. Eder
- United States Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Preparedness and Response, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Washington, DC, USA
| | - G. Horwith
- United States Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Preparedness and Response, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Washington, DC, USA
| | - R. L. Wallace
- United States Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Preparedness and Response, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), Washington, DC, USA
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13
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Ghasemnezhad Targhi R, Saba V. Grape seed extract alleviates radiation-induced damages in human blood lymphocytes. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2020; 10:398-406. [PMID: 32850296 PMCID: PMC7430961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ionizing radiation induces deleterious effects in the biological systems by producing free radicals. Grape Seed Extract (GSE) as a free radical scavenger could protect the body against the damages. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 12 healthy male volunteers were divided into Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 and received 100, 300, 600 and 1000 mg GSE, respectively. Peripheral blood samples were collected from each volunteer 15 min before, and 1, 2, and 5 hr after GSE oral administration. Blood samples were then irradiated with 150 cGy of 100 kvp X-ray (Irradiated control group, was treated with only 1.5 Gy of X-rays). Cytogenic damages were detected by micronucleus assay. RESULTS Results showed that irradiation significantly increased the incidence of micronuclei (p<0. 001). In group 1, the mean reduction of micronucleus rate was 26.53%, 34.92%, and 31.38%, 1, 2, and 5 hr after GSE ingestion (p<0.001), respectively; this variable in group 2 was 17.38, 38.33, and 31.38 (p<0. 001), in group 3, was 35.65%, 46%, and 37.15% (p<0.001), respectively and in group 4, was 41.35%, 51.73%, and 50.55% (p<0.0001), respectively. The samples collected 1, 2, and 5 hr after ingestion of GSE exhibited a significant decrease in the incidence of micronuclei compared with the radiation control group. The maximum protection and reduction in frequency of micronuclei (51.73%) was observed 2 hr after ingestion of 1000 mg GSE. CONCLUSION Consumption of GSE before undergoing radiation protects human lymphocytes against X-rays by reducing radiation-induced genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghasemnezhad Targhi
- Department of Radiology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Radiology, Faculty of Para medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Valiallah Saba
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Para medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: 02143822449, Fax: 02188632961,
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14
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Repin M, Pampou S, Garty G, Brenner DJ. RABiT-II: A Fully-Automated Micronucleus Assay System with Shortened Time to Result. Radiat Res 2019; 191:232-236. [PMID: 30657421 DOI: 10.1667/rr15215.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we describe a fully automated cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay with a significantly shortened time to result, motivated by the need for rapid high-throughput biodosimetric estimation of radiation doses from small-volume human blood samples. The Rapid Automated Biodosimetry Tool (RABiT-II) currently consists of two commercial automated systems: a PerkinElmer cell::explorer Workstation and a GE Healthcare IN Cell Analyzer 2000 Imager. Blood samples (30 μl) from eight healthy volunteers were gamma-ray irradiated ex vivo with 0 (control), 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 or 4.5 Gy and processed with full automation in 96-well plates on the RABiT-II system. The total cell culture time was 54 h and total assay time was 3 days. DAPI-stained fixed samples were imaged on an IN Cell Analyzer 2000 with fully-automated image analysis using the GE Healthcare IN Cell Developer Toolbox version 1.9. A CBMN dose-response calibration curve was established, after which the capability of the system to predict known doses was assessed. Various radiation doses for irradiated samples from two donors were estimated within 20% of the true dose (±0.5 Gy below 2 Gy) in 97% of the samples, with the doses in some 5 Gy irradiated samples being underestimated by up to 25%. In summary, the findings from this work demonstrate that the accelerated CBMN assay can be automated in a high-throughput format, using commercial biotech robotic systems, in 96-well plates, providing a rapid and reliable bioassay for radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Repin
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Sergey Pampou
- b Columbia Genome Center High-Throughput Screening Facility, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Guy Garty
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - David J Brenner
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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15
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Su C, Haskins AH, Kato TA. Micronuclei Formation Analysis After Ionizing Radiation. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1984:23-29. [PMID: 31267416 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9432-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Micronuclei are formed by broken chromosome fragments or chromosomes, which were not appropriately separated into the daughter cells' nuclei after division. The appearance of micronuclei is typically a sign of genotoxic events. Majority of micronuclei are formed by broken acentric fragments, but some micronuclei are formed by centric chromosome fragments which were not appropriately separated to daughter cells' nuclei. Because researchers only need to measure visible micronuclei in binucleated cells, micronuclei analysis is much easier than metaphase chromosome aberration analysis discussed in the previous chapter. This method does not require professional training compared to metaphase chromosome aberration analysis. In addition, one can analyze many samples in a relatively short time. Not only ionizing radiation, but other genotoxic stress also induces micronuclei formation. The background frequency of micronuclei is noticeably higher than chromosome aberrations. But researchers can easily analyze 300-1000 binucleated cells per data point to obtain statistically significant differences of irradiated samples. In this chapter, we will discuss the advantages and preparation of micronuclei samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Su
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Alexis H Haskins
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Takamitsu A Kato
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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16
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Korol PO, Tkachenko MM. THE ROLE OF RADIOACTIVE METHODS IN THE DIAGNOSTIC TYPE OF HYDRONEPHROSIS IN CLEAN-UP WORKERS OF CHORNOBYL ACCIDENT. PROBLEMY RADIATSIINOI MEDYTSYNY TA RADIOBIOLOHII 2018; 23:351-358. [PMID: 30582856 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2018-23-351-358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Since the introduction of radionuclide research methods into clinical practice, they occupy an importantplace in the diagnosis of hydronephrosis and, at the same time, sufficiently objective, sensitive and atraumaticmethods of investigation. OBJECTIVE On the basis of retrospective data, to investigate the diagnostic role of radionuclide renography (RRG)and the method of indirect radionuclide renangiography (IRAG) in clean-up workers of Chornobyl accident withhydronephrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 257 patients with hydronephrosis (140 women and 117 men) aged 15 to 77 yearswere examined by the RRG and the IRAG. The RRG technique consists of intravenous administration of a solution of131I-hypurane (2.5 kBq/kg) and continuous registration for 20 minutes of the level of radioactivity above the kid-neys with the help of sensors of the renograph UR 1-1. The IRAG was conducted for 30-45 seconds with exposure1 frame per second after intravenous administration of a solution of 99mTc-pentatech (2 MBq/kg). RESULTS The results of the radionuclide study of the hemodynamics of patients with different stages ofhydronephrosis made it possible to draw a conclusion regarding the expediency of taking into account the condi-tion of the cup-pelvic system in the preoperative period, as well as the parameters of the arterial and venous circu-lation. CONCLUSIONS Combined use of X-ray and radionuclide methods allows establishing the cause and consequences ofhydronephrosis, to develop a rational treatment plan. RRG and IRAG are reliable methods of dynamic control in post-operative observation of clean-up workers of Chornobyl accident with hydronephrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O Korol
- Bohomolets National Medical University, 01601, Kiev, 13 T. Shevchenko Blvd, UkraineKiev Clinical City Hospital #12, 01103, Kiev, 4a Pidvysockyi str., Ukraine
| | - M M Tkachenko
- Bohomolets National Medical University, 01601, Kiev, 13 T. Shevchenko Blvd, Ukraine
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17
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Ilienko IM, Golyarnik NA, Lyaskivska OV, Belayev OA, Bazyka DA. EXPRESSION OF BIOLOGICAL MARKERS INDUCED BY IONIZING RADIATION AT THE LATE PERIOD AFTER EXPOSURE IN A WIDE RANGE OF DOSES. PROBLEMY RADIATSIINOI MEDYTSYNY TA RADIOBIOLOHII 2018; 23:331-350. [PMID: 30582855 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2018-23-331-350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study radiation induced biological markers of the late period after exposure. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A study was performed in 235 Chornobyl accident male clean-up workers exposed in 1986-1987 (doses of external exposure: (M ± SD: 419.48 ± 654.60; range 0.10-3,500 mSv); age 58,34 ± 6,57 years. Controlgroup included 45 non-exposed subjects (mean age: 50.60 ± 5.37 (M ± SD). Gene expression was performed by RT-PCR on 7900HT Analyzer using TLDA for BCL2, CDKN2A, CLSTN2, GSTM1, IFNG, IL1B, MCF2L, SERPINB9, STAT3, TERF1, TERF2,TERT, TNF, TP53, CCND1 genes. Relative telomere length (RTL) was analysed by flow-FISH; immune cell subsets,γ-H2AХ and CyclinD1 expression by flow cytometry. RESULTS A statistically significant and dose-dependent decrease in expression of the BCL2, SERPINB9, CDKN2A, andSTAT3 genes was demonstrated in parallel to a dose-dependent overexpression of MCF2L and upregulation of TP53 (upto 100 mSv). IL1B expression was the highest in exposed to doses from 0.1 to 100 mSv with a negative correlationbetween at IL1B expression and CD19+3-, CD3-HLA-DR+, CD4+8- cell counts and CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Hyperexpression ofTNF gene in doses above 100 mSv to 1,000 mSv was shown, and in higher doses a combination of TNF downregula-tion with increase in IFNG gene expression were demonstrated with correlations with numbers of CD3+16+56+ andCD25+ lymphocytes and inhibition of expression CLSTN2. An increased expression of γ-H2AХ and Cyclin D1 corre-lated to radiation dose, telomere shortening to age and concommittant pathology. CONCLUSIONS Cellular immunity, gene expression, telomere length, intracellular protein parameters are shown to beamong perspective biological markers at a late period after radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Ilienko
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Melnykova str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - N A Golyarnik
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Melnykova str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - O V Lyaskivska
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Melnykova str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - O A Belayev
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Melnykova str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | - D A Bazyka
- State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Melnykova str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
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18
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Tichy A, Kabacik S, O’Brien G, Pejchal J, Sinkorova Z, Kmochova A, Sirak I, Malkova A, Beltran CG, Gonzalez JR, Grepl J, Majewski M, Ainsbury E, Zarybnicka L, Vachelova J, Zavrelova A, Davidkova M, Markova Stastna M, Abend M, Pernot E, Cardis E, Badie C. The first in vivo multiparametric comparison of different radiation exposure biomarkers in human blood. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193412. [PMID: 29474504 PMCID: PMC5825084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing risk of acute large-scale radiological/nuclear exposures of population underlines the necessity of developing new, rapid and high throughput biodosimetric tools for estimation of received dose and initial triage. We aimed to compare the induction and persistence of different radiation exposure biomarkers in human peripheral blood in vivo. Blood samples of patients with indicated radiotherapy (RT) undergoing partial body irradiation (PBI) were obtained soon before the first treatment and then after 24 h, 48 h, and 5 weeks; i.e. after 1, 2, and 25 fractionated RT procedures. We collected circulating peripheral blood from ten patients with tumor of endometrium (1.8 Gy per fraction) and eight patients with tumor of head and neck (2.0–2.121 Gy per fraction). Incidence of dicentrics and micronuclei was monitored as well as determination of apoptosis and the transcription level of selected radiation-responsive genes. Since mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been reported to be a potential indicator of radiation damage in vitro, we also assessed mtDNA content and deletions by novel multiplex quantitative PCR. Cytogenetic data confirmed linear dose-dependent increase in dicentrics (p < 0.01) and micronuclei (p < 0.001) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after PBI. Significant up-regulations of five previously identified transcriptional biomarkers of radiation exposure (PHPT1, CCNG1, CDKN1A, GADD45, and SESN1) were also found (p < 0.01). No statistical change in mtDNA deletion levels was detected; however, our data indicate that the total mtDNA content decreased with increasing number of RT fractions. Interestingly, the number of micronuclei appears to correlate with late radiation toxicity (r2 = 0.9025) in endometrial patients suggesting the possibility of predicting the severity of RT-related toxicity by monitoring this parameter. Overall, these data represent, to our best knowledge, the first study providing a multiparametric comparison of radiation biomarkers in human blood in vivo, which have potential for improving biological dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Tichy
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Sylwia Kabacik
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health of England, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Grainne O’Brien
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health of England, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Jaroslav Pejchal
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Sinkorova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Adela Kmochova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Sirak
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy and 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Malkova
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Jakub Grepl
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy and 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | | | - Elizabeth Ainsbury
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health of England, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Lenka Zarybnicka
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vachelova
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Zavrelova
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy and 4th Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Davidkova
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health of England, Didcot, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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19
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Pustovalova M, Astrelina ТA, Grekhova A, Vorobyeva N, Tsvetkova A, Blokhina T, Nikitina V, Suchkova Y, Usupzhanova D, Brunchukov V, Kobzeva I, Karaseva Т, Ozerov IV, Samoylov A, Bushmanov A, Leonov S, Izumchenko E, Zhavoronkov A, Klokov D, Osipov AN. Residual γH2AX foci induced by low dose x-ray radiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells do not cause accelerated senescence in the progeny of irradiated cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:2397-2410. [PMID: 29165316 PMCID: PMC5723693 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation (IR) exposure (10-100 mGy) remain unknown. Here we present a comparative study of early (less than 24h) and delayed (up to 11 post-irradiation passages) radiation effects caused by low (80 mGy) vs intermediate (1000 mGy) dose X-ray exposure in cultured human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We show that γН2АХ foci induced by an intermediate dose returned back to the control value by 24 h post-irradiation. In contrast, low-dose irradiation resulted in residual γН2АХ foci still present at 24 h. Notably, these low dose induced residual γН2АХ foci were not co-localized with рАТМ foci and were observed predominantly in the proliferating Кi67 positive (Кi67+) cells. The number of γН2АХ foci and the fraction of nonproliferating (Кi67-) and senescent (SA-β-gal+) cells measured at passage 11 were increased in cultures exposed to an intermediate dose compared to unirradiated controls. These delayed effects were not seen in the progeny of cells that were irradiated with low-dose X-rays, although such exposure resulted in residual γН2АХ foci in directly irradiated cells. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that the low-dose IR induced residual γH2AХ foci do not play a role in delayed irradiation consequences, associated with cellular senescence in cultured MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Pustovalova
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Тatiana A Astrelina
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Anna Grekhova
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia Vorobyeva
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasia Tsvetkova
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - Taisia Blokhina
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Victoria Nikitina
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Yulia Suchkova
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Daria Usupzhanova
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Vitalyi Brunchukov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Irina Kobzeva
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Тatiana Karaseva
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Ivan V Ozerov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Insilico Medicine, Inc, ETC, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Aleksandr Samoylov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Andrey Bushmanov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Sergey Leonov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia.,Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer Research, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc, ETC, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Dmitry Klokov
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario K0J1P0, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Andreyan N Osipov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia.,Insilico Medicine, Inc, ETC, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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20
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Khvostunov IK, Saenko VA, Krylov V, Rodichev A, Yamashita S. Cytogenetic biodosimetry and dose-rate effect after radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2017; 56:213-226. [PMID: 28526978 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-017-0696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study set out to investigate chromosomal damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of thyroid cancer patients receiving 131I for thyroid remnant ablation or treatment of metastatic disease. The observed chromosomal damage was further converted to the estimates of whole-body dose to project the adverse side effects. Chromosomal aberration analysis was performed in 24 patients treated for the first time or after multiple courses. Blood samples were collected before treatment and 3 or 4 days after administration of 2-4 GBq of 131I. Both conventional cytogenetic and chromosome 2, 4 and 12 painting assays were used. To account for dose-rate effect, a dose-protraction factor was applied to calculate the whole-body dose. The mean dose was 0.62 Gy (95% CI: 0.44-0.77 Gy) in the subgroup of patients treated one time and 0.67 Gy (95% CI: 0.03-1.00 Gy) in re-treated patients. These dose estimates are about 1.7-fold higher than those disregarding the effect of exposure duration. In re-treated patients, the neglected dose-rate effect can result in underestimation of the cumulative whole-body dose by the factor ranging from 2.6 to 6.8. Elevated frequency of chromosomal aberrations observed in re-treated patients before radioiodine therapy allows estimation of a cumulative dose received from all previous treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor K Khvostunov
- A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Russian Ministry of Health Care, Koroliova str. 4, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, Russia, 249036.
- Department of Radiation Molecular Epidemiology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Vladimir A Saenko
- Department of Radiation Molecular Epidemiology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Valeri Krylov
- A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Russian Ministry of Health Care, Koroliova str. 4, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, Russia, 249036
| | - Andrei Rodichev
- A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Russian Ministry of Health Care, Koroliova str. 4, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, Russia, 249036
| | - Shunichi Yamashita
- Department of Radiation Molecular Epidemiology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
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21
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Garty G, Xu Y, Elliston C, Marino SA, Randers-Pehrson G, Brenner DJ. Mice and the A-Bomb: Irradiation Systems for Realistic Exposure Scenarios. Radiat Res 2017; 187:465-475. [PMID: 28211757 DOI: 10.1667/rr008cc.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Validation of biodosimetry assays is normally performed with acute exposures to uniform external photon fields. Realistically, exposure to a radiological dispersal device or reactor leak will include exposure to low dose rates and likely exposure to ingested radionuclides. An improvised nuclear device will likely include a significant neutron component in addition to a mixture of high- and low-dose-rate photons and ingested radionuclides. We present here several novel irradiation systems developed at the Center for High Throughput Minimally Invasive Radiation Biodosimetry to provide more realistic exposures for testing of novel biodosimetric assays. These irradiators provide a wide range of dose rates (from Gy/s to Gy/week) as well as mixed neutron/photon fields mimicking an improvised nuclear device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Garty
- a Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, Irvington, New York 10533; and
| | - Yanping Xu
- a Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, Irvington, New York 10533; and
| | - Carl Elliston
- b Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Stephen A Marino
- a Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, Irvington, New York 10533; and
| | - Gerhard Randers-Pehrson
- a Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, Irvington, New York 10533; and
| | - David J Brenner
- b Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
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22
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Zeegers D, Venkatesan S, Koh SW, Low GKM, Srivastava P, Sundaram N, Sethu S, Banerjee B, Jayapal M, Belyakov O, Baskar R, Balajee AS, Hande MP. Biomarkers of Ionizing Radiation Exposure: A Multiparametric Approach. Genome Integr 2017; 8:6. [PMID: 28250913 PMCID: PMC5320786 DOI: 10.4103/2041-9414.198911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are exposed to ionizing radiation not only through background radiation but also through the ubiquitous presence of devices and sources that generate radiation. With the expanded use of radiation in day-to-day life, the chances of accidents or misuse only increase. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the dynamic effects of radiation exposure on biological entities is necessary. The biological effects of radiation exposure on human cells depend on much variability such as level of exposure, dose rate, and the physiological state of the cells. During potential scenarios of a large-scale radiological event which results in mass casualties, dose estimates are essential to assign medical attention according to individual needs. Many attempts have been made to identify biomarkers which can be used for high throughput biodosimetry screening. In this study, we compare the results of different biodosimetry methods on the same irradiated cells to assess the suitability of current biomarkers and push forward the idea of employing a multiparametric approach to achieve an accurate dose and risk estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimphy Zeegers
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shriram Venkatesan
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu Wen Koh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Grace Kah Mun Low
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pallavee Srivastava
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neisha Sundaram
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Swaminathan Sethu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Birendranath Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Manikandan Jayapal
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Oleg Belyakov
- Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Adayabalam S Balajee
- REAC/TS, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge TN, USA
| | - M Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria; Tembusu College, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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23
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Garty G, Turner HC, Salerno A, Bertucci A, Zhang J, Chen Y, Dutta A, Sharma P, Bian D, Taveras M, Wang H, Bhatla A, Balajee A, Bigelow AW, Repin M, Lyulko OV, Simaan N, Yao YL, Brenner DJ. THE DECADE OF THE RABiT (2005-15). RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 172:201-206. [PMID: 27412510 PMCID: PMC5225976 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The RABiT (Rapid Automated Biodosimetry Tool) is a dedicated Robotic platform for the automation of cytogenetics-based biodosimetry assays. The RABiT was developed to fulfill the critical requirement for triage following a mass radiological or nuclear event. Starting from well-characterized and accepted assays we developed a custom robotic platform to automate them. We present here a brief historical overview of the RABiT program at Columbia University from its inception in 2005 until the RABiT was dismantled at the end of 2015. The main focus of this paper is to demonstrate how the biological assays drove development of the custom robotic systems and in turn new advances in commercial robotic platforms inspired small modifications in the assays to allow replacing customized robotics with 'off the shelf' systems. Currently, a second-generation, RABiT II, system at Columbia University, consisting of a PerkinElmer cell::explorer, was programmed to perform the RABiT assays and is undergoing testing and optimization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Garty
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC11-230, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - H C Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC11-230, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - A Salerno
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Present address: Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp., 1000 Marie-Victorin, Longueil, QC, Canada J4G 1A1
| | - A Bertucci
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC11-230, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Present address: Auris Surgical Robotics Inc., 125 Shoreway Rd, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - A Dutta
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC11-230, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Present address: BioReliance Corp., 9630 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - P Sharma
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC11-230, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - D Bian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - M Taveras
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC11-230, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - H Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Present address: General Motors Co., 30500 Mound Road, Warren, MI 48090, USA
| | - A Bhatla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Present address: Curiosity Lab Inc., 54 Mallard Pl. Secaucus, NJ, 07094, USA
| | - A Balajee
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC11-230, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Present address: Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory, Radiation Emergency Assistance Center and Training Site, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Building SC-10, 1299, Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - A W Bigelow
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC11-230, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - M Repin
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC11-230, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - O V Lyulko
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC11-230, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - N Simaan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Present address: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbuilt University, PMB 351592, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Y L Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - D J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, VC11-230, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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