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Hoshioka Y, Torimitsu S, Makino Y, Yajima D, Chiba F, Yamaguchi R, Inokuchi G, Motomura A, Tsuneya S, Iwase H. Sex estimation from skull measurements of a contemporary Japanese population using three-dimensional computed tomography images. Int J Legal Med 2024:10.1007/s00414-024-03319-8. [PMID: 39210043 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the sexual dimorphism of the contemporary Japanese skull and established sex discriminant function equations based on cranial measurements using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) images. The CT images of 263 corpses (142 males, 121 females) that underwent postmortem CT scanning and subsequent forensic autopsy were evaluated. Twenty-one cranial measurements were obtained from 3D CT reconstructed images, which extracted only bone data. We performed descriptive statistics and discriminant function analyses for the measurements. Nineteen measurements were significantly larger in males, suggesting sexual dimorphism of the Japanese skulls. Univariate discriminant function analyses using these measurements showed a sex classification accuracy of 57.8-88.2%, and bizygomatic breadth provided the highest correct prediction rate. Multivariate discriminant function analyses offered the most accurate model using seven variables with an estimation rate of 93.9%. Our results suggest that cranial measurements based on 3D CT images may help in the sex estimation of unidentified bodies in a contemporary Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Hoshioka
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Suguru Torimitsu
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Makino
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yajima
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Fumiko Chiba
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Rutsuko Yamaguchi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kami-cho, Itabasi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Go Inokuchi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ayumi Motomura
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Shigeki Tsuneya
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirotaro Iwase
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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Torimitsu S, Nakazawa A, Flavel A, Swift L, Makino Y, Iwase H, Franklin D. Population affinity estimation using pelvic measurements based on computed tomographic data acquired from Japanese and Western Australian populations. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:1381-1390. [PMID: 38316656 PMCID: PMC11164820 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The present study analyzes morphological differences in the pelvis of Japanese and Western Australian individuals and investigates the feasibility of population affinity classification based on computed tomography (CT) data. The Japanese and Western Australian samples comprise CT scans of 207 (103 females; 104 males) and 158 (78 females; 80 males) adult individuals, respectively. Following volumetric reconstruction, a total of 19 pelvic landmarks were obtained on each sample, and 11 measurements, including two angles, were calculated. Machine learning methods (random forest modeling [RFM] and support vector machine [SVM]) were used to classify population affinity. Classification accuracy of the two-way models was approximately 80% for RFM: the two-way sex-specific and sex-mixed models for SVM achieved > 90% and > 85%, respectively. The sex-specific models had higher accurate classification rates than the sex-mixed models, except for the Japanese male sample. The classification accuracy of the four-way sex and population affinity model had an overall classification accuracy of 76.71% for RFM and 87.67% for SVM. All the correct classification rates were higher in the Japanese relative to the Western Australian sample. Our data suggest that pelvic morphology is sufficiently distinct between Japanese and Western Australian individuals to facilitate the accurate classification of population affinity based on measurements acquired in CT images. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the feasibility of population affinity estimation based on CT images of the pelvis, which appears as a viable supplement to traditional approaches based on cranio-facial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Torimitsu
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Akari Nakazawa
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ambika Flavel
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Lauren Swift
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Yohsuke Makino
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirotaro Iwase
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daniel Franklin
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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3
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DesMarais A, Obertova Z, Franklin D. The influence of age on greater sciatic notch morphology: testing the Walker method in an Australian population. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:239-247. [PMID: 37055626 PMCID: PMC10772010 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-02988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Sex estimation is an integral aspect of a forensic biological profile. The pelvis, being the most dimorphic part of the skeleton, has been studied in considerable detail relative to morphological and metric variation. However, empirical data on the effect of age on pelvic morphology relative to sex-specific morphological variation is limited, especially in regard to the estimation of skeletal sex. This study assesses whether there are age-related differences in the distribution of the Walker (2005) morphological scores for the greater sciatic notch (GSN) in an Australian population. Three-dimensional volumetric reconstructions derived from multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) scans of 567 pelves of 258 females and 309 males aged 18 to 96 years were scored following Walker (2005). Differences in score distributions and means by sex and age group were tested using Pearson's chi-squared test and ANOVA, respectively. The accuracy of sex estimates derived from logistic regression equations was explored using leave-one-out cross-validation. Significant differences were found in score distribution and means among age groups in females, but not in males. There was a tendency toward higher scores in older females. The overall sex estimation accuracy was 87.5%. When comparing age groups 18-49 and 70 + years, estimation accuracy decreased in females (99% vs. 91%), while the opposite was found for males (79% vs. 87%). These findings suggest that age affects GSN morphology. Higher mean scores in older females imply that, on average, the GSN becomes narrower with increasing age. It is thus recommended due consideration of estimated age when assessing sex based on the GSN in unidentified human remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel DesMarais
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Zuzana Obertova
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel Franklin
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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4
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Sieber KS, García-Donas JG. Population affinity estimation on a Spanish sample: Testing the validity and accuracy of cranium and mandible online software methods. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2023; 60:102180. [PMID: 36442310 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2022.102180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Population affinity estimation is an important step in the identification of unknown individuals. To ensure accurate results, validation studies of newly developed methods must be performed using different target populations and skeletal elements. This research aimed to determine the accuracy and reliability of population affinity estimation on a modern Spanish sample using two online software applications. The sample consisted of 114 adult individuals (51 males, 63 females) using 38 measurements and one angle from the skull and mandible. AncesTrees was used for craniometric measurements and (hu)MANid for mandibular variables with different classification models and probability thresholds being evaluated. The required parameters were inputted for each individual and statistics were generated to assess the accuracy of the estimation. AncesTrees performed with the greatest accuracy as the program correctly classified the sample as Southwestern European or European, with highest accuracies being 54.56% (trial 1), 86.05% (trial 2), 82.61% (trial 3), 34.55% (trial 4) and 100% (trial 5). (hu)MANid correctly classified the sample as being from white origin with accuracies ranging from 70.59% to 80% without considering correct sex estimation, while accuracy ranged between 62.75% and 80% accounting for estimated sex. Population affinity estimation may determine subsequent methods used in the construction of the biological profile. Our results demonstrated varying accuracy rates depending on the element and method, offering a critical view in relation to software applicability and validity. Reference populations and intrinsic and extrinsic factors can potentially influence the method accuracy and reliability. Future research should focus on the inclusion of underrepresented groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie S Sieber
- Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Julieta Gómez García-Donas
- Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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Senol E, Celik C, Tamsel I, Kaya A, Guler H, Karadayi B. The usability of the ratio of bi-humerus breadth to maximum pelvic breadth in sex estimation. Ann Hum Biol 2022; 49:305-310. [PMID: 36342677 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2022.2144446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although sex can be determined with high accuracy in forensic anthropology, additional parameters are still required. AIM To estimate with known simple statistical methods, the usability of the bi-humerus/maximum pelvic breadth ratio in sex estimation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Bi-humerus breadth and maximum pelvic breadth were measured using the topogram images (196 males, 171 females), the ratio between them was calculated. We examined the usability of the ratio of the distance between the lateral edges of the right and left humeral heads to the maximum distance between the two most lateral parts of the iliac crests in sex estimation. RESULTS There was significant difference in the bi-humerus breadth and "bi-humerus breadth/maximum pelvic breadth" according to sex. The greatest breadth of the pelvis was higher in females, yet the difference was not statistically significant. The ratio yielded 80.6%-90.3% accuracy for females and 73.6%-74.7% for males, depending on arm position. CONCLUSIONS The obtained data may contribute to the development of formulas created with metric measurements used in sex estimation. This can be used as a parameter to help in estimating the sex of skeletal remains found as a whole or excavated without losing their integrity, and also in the reconstruction of body structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Senol
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - C Celik
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Kahramanmaras Branch Directorate, Council of Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Justice, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - I Tamsel
- Department of Radiology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - A Kaya
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - H Guler
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - B Karadayi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Intasuwan P, Malatong Y, Palee P, Sinthubua A, Mahakkanukrauh P. Applying general adversarial networks in convolutional neural networks of the 2D whole os coxae image classification for sex estimation in a Thai population. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2022.2131909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pittayarat Intasuwan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Yanumart Malatong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Patison Palee
- College of Arts, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Apichat Sinthubua
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Excellence Center in Osteology Research and Training Center (ORTC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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7
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Güzel BC, Koçyiğit A, Demircioğlu İ, Demiraslan Y. Investigating metacarpi of Hamdani sheep via different measurement and modelling methods: A methodological study. Anat Histol Embryol 2022; 51:484-491. [PMID: 35608253 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to perform the morphometric analyses on metacarpi of Hamdani sheep via different measurement methods and to compare the methods. Thus, metacarpal bones of 15 females and 15 males were used in the study. Measurements were taken from the measurement points determined on metacarpus via four methods, and their statistical analyses were performed. When both male and female metacarpal bones were examined in the De parameter in the comparison with the methods, it was observed that the four measurement methods were different from one another (p < 0.01). When DEM and DEL measurement parameters were examined in male metacarpus, the highest value was measured in ImageJ and the smallest value was measured in 3D Slicer software; however, it was found that the statistical difference was not significant when compared numerically (p > 0.05). As a result, while it was observed that the measurements made by using digital calliper measurements, photometric analysis, and 3D software were similar in some of the parameters but there was no statistically significant difference; whereas, Statistical difference was detected in some parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barış Can Güzel
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ali Koçyiğit
- Harran University Laboratory and Veterinary Health Vocational School, Birecik, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - İsmail Demircioğlu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Eyyubiye, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Yasin Demiraslan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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Corron LK, Broehl KA, Chu EY, Vlemincq-Mendieta T, Wolfe CA, Pilloud MA, Scott GR, Spradley MK, Stull KE. Agreement and error rates associated with standardized data collection protocols for skeletal and dental data on 3D virtual subadult crania. Forensic Sci Int 2022; 334:111272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Baca K, Bridge B, Snow M. Three-dimensional geometric morphometric sex determination of the whole and modeled fragmentary human pubic bone. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265754. [PMID: 35385554 PMCID: PMC8985971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex determination of the human pelvis has traditionally been done through visual analyses of morphoscopic traits and there are limited metric methods available to forensic anthropologists to add metric credibility to these analyses. The goal of this research was to create an improved metric method using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to determine sex from both whole and modeled fragmented human pubic bones. The sample consisted of n = 378 pubic bones from the University of New Mexico’s Maxwell Museum Documented Skeletal Collection and eight landmarks were collected from each bone. Statistical analyses and machine learning algorithms were used to predict the accuracy of the method’s ability to classify a bone as male or female on both whole and simulated fragmented remains; this included tests run on each possible landmark combination of three or more landmarks to simulate fragmented bones (218 combinations). The results of the whole bone analysis resulted in 95.35% testing accuracy. The results of the modeled fragmentary analysis consisted of 164 combinations which exhibit a 90% or higher accuracy in sex prediction; and twelve combinations which exhibit 96% or higher accuracy in sex prediction. In particular, two landmarks clustered around the ventral arc of the pubic bone performed the best, indicating this is the most sexually dimorphic portion of the bone. These results indicate that three-dimensional geometric morphometrics is a valid method to be applied to sex determination in forensic anthropology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Baca
- Department of Anthropology, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Brandon Bridge
- Department of Economics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Meradeth Snow
- Department of Anthropology, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
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Krenn VA, Webb NM, Fornai C, Haeusler M. Sex classification using the human sacrum: Geometric morphometrics versus conventional approaches. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264770. [PMID: 35385483 PMCID: PMC8986015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human pelvis shows marked sexual dimorphism that stems from the conflicting selective pressures of bipedal locomotion and parturition. The sacrum is thought to reflect this dimorphism as it makes up a significant portion of the pelvic girdle. However, reported sexual classification accuracies vary considerably depending on the method and reference sample (54%-98%). We aim to explore this inconsistency by quantifying sexual dimorphism and sex classification accuracies in a geographically heterogeneous sample by comparing 3D geometric morphometrics with the more commonly employed linear metric and qualitative assessments. Our sample included 164 modern humans from Africa, Europe, Asia, and America. The geometric morphometric analysis was based on 44 landmarks and 56 semilandmarks. Linear dimensions included sacral width, corpus depth and width, and the corresponding indices. The qualitative inspection relied on traditional macroscopic features such as proportions between the corpus of the first sacral vertebrae and the alae, and sagittal and coronal curvature of the sacrum. Classification accuracy was determined using linear discriminant function analysis for the entire sample and for the largest subsamples (i.e., Europeans and Africans). Male and female sacral shapes extensively overlapped in the geometric morphometric investigation, leading to a classification accuracy of 72%. Anteroposterior corpus depth was the most powerful discriminating linear parameter (83%), followed by the corpus-area index (78%). Qualitative inspection yielded lower accuracies (64-76%). Classification accuracy was higher for the Central European subsample and diminished with increasing geographical heterogeneity of the subgroups. Although the sacrum forms an integral part of the birth canal, our results suggest that its sex-related variation is surprisingly low. Morphological variation thus seems to be driven also by other factors, including body size, and sacrum shape is therefore likely under stronger biomechanical rather than obstetric selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria A. Krenn
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences (HEAS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole M. Webb
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Senckenberg Society for Nature Research, Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cinzia Fornai
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences (HEAS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna School of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Martin Haeusler
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Oner Z, Secgin Y, Turan M, Oner S. Gender prediction with the parameters obtained from pelvis computed tomography images and machine learning algorithms. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jasi.jasi_280_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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12
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Knecht S, Nogueira L, Servant M, Santos F, Alunni V, Bernardi C, Quatrehomme G. Sex estimation from the greater sciatic notch: a comparison of classical statistical models and machine learning algorithms. Int J Legal Med 2021; 135:2603-2613. [PMID: 34554326 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02700-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The greater sciatic notch (GSN) is a useful element for sex estimation because it is quite resistant to damage, and thus it can often be assessed even in poorly preserved skeletons. This study aimed to develop statistical models for sex estimation based on visual and metric analyses of the GSN, and additional variables linked to the GSN. A total of 60 left coxal bones (30 males and 30 females) were analysed. Fifteen variables were measured, and one was a morphologic variable. These 16 variables were used for the comparison of six statistical models: linear discriminant analysis (LDA), regularized discriminant analysis (RDA), penalized logistic regression (PLR) and flexible discriminant analysis (FDA), and two machine learning algorithms, support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN). The statistical models were built in two steps: firstly, only with the GSN variables (group 1), and secondly, with the whole variables (group 2), in order to see if the models including all the variables performed better. The overall accuracy of the models was very close, ranging from 0.92 to 0.97 using specific GSN variables. When additional variables starting from the deepest point of GSN are available, it is worth to use them, because the accuracy increases. PLR (after optimization of parameters) stands out from other statistical models. The position of the deepest point of GSN (Fig. 2) probably plays a crucial role for the sexual dimorphism, as stated by the good performance of the visual assessment of this point and the fact that the A2 angle (posterior angle with the deepest point of the GSN as the apex) is included in all models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siam Knecht
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lorraine, 9 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54500, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France.
- Faculté de Médecine, Institut Universitaire d'Anthropologie Médico-Légale Université Côte d'Azur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 cedex 2, Nice, France.
| | - Luísa Nogueira
- Faculté de Médecine, Institut Universitaire d'Anthropologie Médico-Légale Université Côte d'Azur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 cedex 2, Nice, France
| | - Maël Servant
- Faculté de Médecine, Institut Universitaire d'Anthropologie Médico-Légale Université Côte d'Azur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 cedex 2, Nice, France
| | - Frédéric Santos
- UMR 5199 PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Bâtiment B8, CS 50023, Cedex 33615, Pessac, France
| | - Véronique Alunni
- Faculté de Médecine, Institut Universitaire d'Anthropologie Médico-Légale Université Côte d'Azur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 cedex 2, Nice, France
- CEPAM, UMR CNRS 7264, 24 avenue des Diables Bleus, 06300, Nice, France
| | - Caroline Bernardi
- Faculté de Médecine, Institut Universitaire d'Anthropologie Médico-Légale Université Côte d'Azur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 cedex 2, Nice, France
- CEPAM, UMR CNRS 7264, 24 avenue des Diables Bleus, 06300, Nice, France
| | - Gérald Quatrehomme
- Faculté de Médecine, Institut Universitaire d'Anthropologie Médico-Légale Université Côte d'Azur, 28 Avenue de Valombrose, 06107 cedex 2, Nice, France
- CEPAM, UMR CNRS 7264, 24 avenue des Diables Bleus, 06300, Nice, France
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Indra L, Vach W, Desideri J, Besse M, Pichler SL. Testing the validity of population-specific sex estimation equations: An evaluation based on talus and patella measurements. Sci Justice 2021; 61:555-563. [PMID: 34482935 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sex estimation is essential for forensic scientists to identify human skeletal remains. However, the most sexually dimorphic elements like pelvis or skull are not always assessable. Osteometric analyses have proven useful in sex estimation, but also to be population specific. The main purpose of this study was to test the validity of contemporary Greek and Spanish discriminant functions for the talus and the patella, respectively, on a Swiss skeletal sample and to quantify the utility of the measurements as a novel approach in osteometric sex assessment. Four talus and three patella measurements on dry bone were obtained from 234 individuals of the modern cemetery SIMON Identified Skeletal Collection. The previously derived discriminant functions were applied, accuracies determined, the utility of the different measurements was assessed and new multivariable equations constructed. Accuracies varied between 67% and 86% for talus and 63% and 84% for patella, similar to those reported by the original studies. Multivariable equations should be preferred over equations based on single measurements and combining the most significant measurements rather than using several variables obtained the best possible accuracy. The new discriminant functions did not provide a substantial improvement to the original ones. The overall utility of talus and patella is limited, allowing sex estimation with sufficient certainty only in a small proportion of individuals. Discriminant functions developed in contemporary Greek or Spanish populations are in principle applicable also to Swiss contemporary populations. We recommend that at present existent studies of this type should be validated and tested rather than developing new formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Indra
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Sulgenauweg 40, 3007 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Werner Vach
- Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, Spalenring 145, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jocelyne Desideri
- Laboratoire d'archéologie préhistorique et anthropologie, University of Geneva, 66, Boulevard Carl-Vogt, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
| | - Marie Besse
- Laboratoire d'archéologie préhistorique et anthropologie, University of Geneva, 66, Boulevard Carl-Vogt, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
| | - Sandra L Pichler
- Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, Spalenring 145, 4055 Basel, Switzerland.
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14
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Garvin HM, Stock MK, Marciniec KA, Mohamed MM, Ternent E, Cirillo LE, Stull KE. Sex estimation of the subadult ilium prior to acetabular fusion. J Forensic Sci 2021; 66:2113-2125. [PMID: 34355806 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies evaluating sexual dimorphism in subadult pelvic features present variable, and at times conflicting, conclusions. As a result, there is yet to be a consensus on whether the subadult pelvis can be used in sex estimation methods. This study aims to assess the forensic utility of ilium shape and greater sciatic notch morphology in sexing subadult pelves prior to acetabular fusion. A sample of 397 modern U.S. individuals with unfused acetabula (i.e., tri-radiate cartilages) aged birth to 14 years was queried from a larger sample of postmortem computed tomography scans. Elliptical Fourier analyses were performed on ilium and greater sciatic notch outlines and resultant PCs were evaluated for significant effects of sex and age. Greater sciatic notch metrics were also collected. Stepwise linear discriminant function analyses with leave-one-out cross-validation were performed on the PCs and metric variables. Analyses were performed on pooled samples, on age-specific cohort samples, and on samples that iteratively removed the youngest one-year cohort. Cross-validated correct classification rates ranged from 57% to 65% and no patterns were observed to support an appearance and/or consistent expression of sexually diagnostic traits. Based on the results, sex estimation using these features is not recommended in pelvic remains prior to acetabular fusion, although the sample sizes of individuals over 5 years of age were limited in this study. Future studies should focus on the sexually diagnostic ability of pelvic traits in subadult samples post-fusion of the acetabulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Garvin
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Michala K Stock
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Merna M Mohamed
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ternent
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Laura E Cirillo
- Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Kyra E Stull
- Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.,University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
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15
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Sex estimation of the pelvis by deep learning of two-dimensional depth images generated from homologous models of three-dimensional computed tomography images. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL: REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsir.2020.100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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16
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Ford JM, Kumm TR, Decker SJ. An Analysis of Hounsfield Unit Values and Volumetrics from Computerized Tomography of the Proximal Femur for Sex and Age Estimation. J Forensic Sci 2019; 65:591-596. [PMID: 31670845 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Ford
- Department of Radiology Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida 2 Tampa General Circle, STC 6097 Tampa FL33606
| | - Todd R. Kumm
- Department of Radiology Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida 2 Tampa General Circle, STC 6097 Tampa FL33606
| | - Summer J. Decker
- Department of Radiology Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida 2 Tampa General Circle, STC 6097 Tampa FL33606
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17
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Virtual forensic anthropology: The accuracy of osteometric analysis of 3D bone models derived from clinical computed tomography (CT) scans. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 304:109963. [PMID: 31610335 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Clinical radiology is increasingly used as a source of data to test or develop forensic anthropological methods, especially in countries where contemporary skeletal collections are not available. Naturally, this requires analysis of the error that is a result of low accuracy of the modality (i.e. accuracy of the segmentation) and the error that arises due to difficulties in landmark recognition in virtual models. The cumulative effect of these errors ultimately determines whether virtual and dry bone measurements can be used interchangeably. To test the interchangeability of virtual and dry bone measurements, 13 male and 14 female intact cadavers from the body donation program of the Amsterdam UMC were CT scanned using a standard patient scanning protocol and processed to obtain the dry os coxae. These were again CT scanned using the same scanning protocol. All CT scans were segmented to create 3D virtual bone models of the os coxae ('dry' CT models and 'clinical' CT models). An Artec Spider 3D optical scanner was used to produce gold standard 'optical 3D models' of ten dry os coxae. The deviation of the surfaces of the 3D virtual bone models compared to the gold standard was used to calculate the accuracy of the CT models, both for the overall os coxae and for selected landmarks. Landmark recognition was studied by comparing the TEM and %TEM of nine traditional inter-landmark distances (ILDs). The percentage difference for the various ILDs between modalities was used to gauge the practical implications of both errors combined. Results showed that 'dry' CT models were 0.36-0.45mm larger than the 'optical 3D models' (deviations -0.27mm to 2.86mm). 'Clinical' CT models were 0.64-0.88mm larger than the 'optical 3D models' (deviations -4.99mm to 5.00mm). The accuracies of the ROIs were variable and larger for 'clinical' CT models than for 'dry' CT models. TEM and %TEM were generally in the acceptable ranges for all ILDs whilst no single modality was obviously more or less reliable than the others. For almost all ILDs, the average percentage difference between modalities was substantially larger than the average percentage difference between observers in 'dry bone' measurements only. Our results show that the combined error of segmentation- and landmark recognition error can be substantial, which may preclude the usage of 'clinical' CT scans as an alternative source for forensic anthropological reference data.
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18
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Rodriguez Paz A, Banner J, Villa C. Validity of the probabilistic sex diagnosis method (DSP) on 3D CT-scans from modern Danish population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medleg.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Franklin D, Flavel A. Population specificity in the estimation of skeletal age and sex: case studies using a Western Australian population. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2019.1569722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Franklin
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Ambika Flavel
- Centre for Forensic Anthropology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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20
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3D analysis of computed tomography (CT)–derived lumbar spine models for the estimation of sex. Int J Legal Med 2019; 133:1497-1506. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Sex estimation based on femoral measurements using multidetector computed tomography in cadavers in modern Japan. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 292:262.e1-262.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Ikeda T, Miyamoto K, Tani N, Oritani S, Michiue T, Morioka F, Ishikawa T. Forensic evaluation of sex estimation via measurements of adult index and ring finger lengths using postmortem computed tomography. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-018-0075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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23
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Uldin T. Virtual anthropology - a brief review of the literature and history of computed tomography. Forensic Sci Res 2017; 2:165-173. [PMID: 30483637 PMCID: PMC6197098 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2017.1369621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) has influenced numerous fields since its inception in the 1970s. The field of palaeoanthropology significantly benefited from this efficient and non-invasive medium in terms of the conservation, reconstruction and analysis of fossil human remains. Over the past decade, there has been a steady increase in the number of forensic anthropological studies incorporating virtual osteological analyses. Because of the increasing importance of these modern cross-sectional imaging techniques and the requirement for standardized parameters in forensic science, we deemed it important to outline the history and development of CT applications in these related academic areas. The present paper outlines the history of “virtual anthropology” and osteological multi-detector CT in the context of palaeoanthropology and forensic anthropology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Uldin
- Department of Medicine and Community Health, University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Torimitsu S, Makino Y, Saitoh H, Sakuma A, Ishii N, Yajima D, Inokuchi G, Motomura A, Chiba F, Yamaguchi R, Hashimoto M, Hoshioka Y, Iwase H. Sexual determination based on multidetector computed tomographic measurements of the second cervical vertebra in a contemporary Japanese population. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 266:588.e1-588.e6. [PMID: 27180249 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Accurate sex estimation is important in forensic investigation to determine the identity of unknown individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of sex assessment based on measurements of the second cervical vertebra (C2) using computed tomographic (CT) images in a Japanese population and to develop discriminant function formulae. The data were collected from 224 Japanese cadavers (112 male subjects, 112 female subjects) on which postmortem CT scanning and subsequent forensic autopsy were performed. Nine CT measurements of the C2 were performed for CT images of each subject. The measurements were assessed using descriptive statistics and discriminant function analyses (DFA). All of the measurements demonstrated significant sexual dimorphism. Multiple DFA with stepwise variable selection resulted in multivariable models; a five-variable model reached an accuracy rate of 92.9%. Our results suggest that metric analysis based on CT images of the C2 can accurately determine the sex from the human skeletal remains in a contemporary Japanese population and may be useful for sex estimation in forensic anthropology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Torimitsu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Yohsuke Makino
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Hisako Saitoh
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Sakuma
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Namiko Ishii
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Yajima
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Go Inokuchi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Motomura
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Fumiko Chiba
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Rutsuko Yamaguchi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Mari Hashimoto
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Yumi Hoshioka
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Hirotaro Iwase
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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25
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Torimitsu S, Makino Y, Saitoh H, Sakuma A, Ishii N, Yajima D, Inokuchi G, Motomura A, Chiba F, Yamaguchi R, Hashimoto M, Hoshioka Y, Iwase H. Sex estimation based on scapula analysis in a Japanese population using multidetector computed tomography. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 262:285.e1-5. [PMID: 26965402 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Accurate sex estimation based on measurements of dimorphic dimensions in human unknown remains is important as the first step toward making individual identification. The purpose of this study was to assess the sexual dimorphism of the scapula and to quantify the accuracy of sex estimation in a contemporary Japanese forensic sample using scapular measurements based on three-dimensional (3D) computed tomographic (CT) images. A total of 218 cadavers (109 males, 109 females) that underwent postmortem CT and subsequent forensic autopsy were used. Ten scapular measurements were performed on 3D CT reconstructed images that extracted only bone data, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and discriminant function analyses (DFA). All measurements were dimorphic in terms of sex differences. Univariate DFA provided sex classification accuracy rates of 75.7-91.3%. Stepwise DFA yielded sex prediction accuracy rates of 93.1-94.5%. In conclusion, the scapular measurements using 3D CT images of a contemporary Japanese population may be useful for the estimation of skeletal sex in the field of forensic anthropology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Torimitsu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Yohsuke Makino
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Hisako Saitoh
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Sakuma
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Namiko Ishii
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Yajima
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Go Inokuchi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Motomura
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Fumiko Chiba
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Rutsuko Yamaguchi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Mari Hashimoto
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Yumi Hoshioka
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Hirotaro Iwase
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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26
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Torimitsu S, Makino Y, Saitoh H, Sakuma A, Ishii N, Yajima D, Inokuchi G, Motomura A, Chiba F, Yamaguchi R, Hashimoto M, Hoshioka Y, Iwase H. Morphometric analysis of sex differences in contemporary Japanese pelves using multidetector computed tomography. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 257:530.e1-530.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Inamori-Kawamoto O, Ishikawa T, Michiue T, Mustafa AMH, Sogawa N, Kanou T, Oritani S, Maeda H. Possible application of CT morphometry of the calcaneus and talus in forensic anthropological identification. Int J Legal Med 2015; 130:575-85. [PMID: 26362306 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-015-1258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) data provide information for volumetric and radiographic density analysis. The present study investigated the application of virtual CT volumetry of the tarsal bones to estimation of the sex, stature, and body weight using postmortem CT (PMCT) data of forensic autopsy cases. Three-dimensional (3D) images of the bilateral foot bones of intact Japanese subjects after adolescence (age ≥ 15 years, n = 179, 100 males and 79 females) were reconstructed on an automated CT image analyzer system. Measured parameters were mass volume, mean CT value (HU), and total CT value of the talus and calcaneus. Mean CT values of these bones showed age-dependent decreases in elderly subjects over 60 years of age for both sexes, with significant sex-related differences especially in the elderly. The mass volumes and total CT values of the talus and calcaneus showed significant sex-related differences, and also moderate correlations with body height and weight for bilateral bones in all cases (r = 0.58-0.78, p < 0.0001); however, the correlations of these parameters of the female talus with body weight were insufficient (r = 0.41-0.61, p < 0.0001). These observations indicate the applicability of virtual CT morphometry of the talus and calcaneus using an automated analyzer to estimate the sex and stature in forensic identification; however, greater variations should be considered in body weight estimations of females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Inamori-Kawamoto
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.,Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC), c/o Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takaki Ishikawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan. .,Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC), c/o Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan. .,Division of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Michiue
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.,Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC), c/o Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | | | - Nozomi Sogawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.,Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC), c/o Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kanou
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeki Oritani
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.,Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC), c/o Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-3, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
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28
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Sex estimation from measurements of the first rib in a contemporary Polish population. Int J Legal Med 2015; 130:265-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-015-1247-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Zhang K, Luo YZ, Chen XG, Deng ZH. Sexual dimorphism of sternum using computed tomography – volume rendering technique images of Western Chinese. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2015.1060523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Djorojevic M, Roldán C, Botella M, Alemán I. Estimation of Purkait’s triangle method and alternative models for sex assessment from the proximal femur in the Spanish population. Int J Legal Med 2015; 130:245-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-015-1201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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