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Manuta N, Duro S, Szara T, Jashari T, Demircioğlu İ, Avanus K, Büyükünal SK. Skull asymmetry in various sheep breeds: Directional asymmetry and fluctuating asymmetry. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e13047. [PMID: 38702894 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Sheep (Ovis aries) play an important role in the economy of Turkey and the Balkan Peninsula due to their use in farming. As a domesticated species, sheep's morphometric and morphological diversity is likely determined by selective breeding practices rather than geographic distribution. This study aimed to analyse four different sheep breed skulls and reveal skull asymmetry using geometric morphometric methods. For this purpose, 2D images of 52 sheep skulls from different breeds were analysed from the dorsal view of the skull, using 28 landmarks. In the comparison of sheep skulls from the dorsal view, the first principal components for directional asymmetry (DA) and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) were 32.98% and 39.62% of the total variation, respectively. Sharri and Ivesi (Awassi) sheep breeds had the broadest distribution of skull shapes among the breeds, while Lara e Polisit was the most conservative breed. DA was used as a measure of biomechanical constraints, and FA was used as an indicator of environmental stress. Consistent with DA, both differences in centroid size and shape between breeds were statistically significant. No differences between males and females related to asymmetry were revealed. Ivesi sheep revealed the highest fluctuating asymmetry. Geometric morphometric methods proved to be a useful tool for distinguishing differences in the shape of the skull of different sheep breeds and also can be useful for taxonomic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Manuta
- Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University- Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sokol Duro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Tomasz Szara
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tefik Jashari
- Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University- Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - İsmail Demircioğlu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye
| | - Kozet Avanus
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University- Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Serkan Kemal Büyükünal
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University- Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Gürbüz İ, Demiraslan Y, Demircioğlu İ, Karaavci FA, Özgel Ö. Orbital shape in goat and sheep: Symmetric analysis. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e13033. [PMID: 38519863 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate orbital symmetry in goat and sheep skulls. For this purpose, a total of 83 skulls, including 50 sheep and 33 goat skulls, were used in the study. Geometric morphometry method was applied. For symmetric analysis, one side of each orbit was photographed twice and mirror images were created. There were 36 landmards marked to determine the outer limit of the orbita. As a result of the study, asymmetric components (fluctuating asymmetry and directional asymmetry) for shape were statistically significant in both goats and sheep (p < 0.0001). The first three principal components explained 52.558% of the total shape variation in goats and 61.245% in sheep. This value for symmetric components was 59.095% and 67.742% for goats and sheep, respectively, and 66.791% and 71.154% for asymmetric components. As a result of discriminant function analysis, right and left orbital shapes showed grouping characteristics with similar success rates according to species. Although limited, the right orbit in goats (100%) and the left orbit in sheep (96.5%) were grouped more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- İftar Gürbüz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Yasin Demiraslan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - İsmail Demircioğlu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | | | - Özcan Özgel
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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Koçyiğit A, Demircioğlu İ. Comparison of craniometric measurements of New Zealand rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) using three-dimensional scanner with digital calliper measurements: A methodological study. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e13023. [PMID: 38372086 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
As technology has developed in recent years, the use of three-dimensional (3D) scanners and printers has become widespread in the medical field. However, since this field is new, all kinds of methodological and experimental related studies gain importance. This study aimed to identify the differences between the calliper measurements by determining the craniometric data on the models constructed by scanning the crania of New Zealand Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.), preferred as experimental animals, with a three-dimensional scanner. Therefore, a total of 12 New Zealand rabbits including 6 females and 6 males were used. After the crania that comprised the study material were macerated, they were subjected to 3D scanning. After the scanning process was completed, they were craniometrically measured both on the scanned models and by using a digital calliper. Analysis of the craniometric data of the 3D scanner showed that there was a difference between sexes at the level of p < 0.05 in widest length between the external acoustic meatus (WLBEAM), skull width and Foramen magnum height (FMH) parameters and cranial index data, and at the level of p < 0.001 in the largest nasal width (LNW) parameter. A statistical difference was found between sexes in frontal length, WLBEAM, LNW and FMH parameters and cranial index values in craniometric data collected with the digital calliper (p < 0.05). Consequently, the data collected in this study were found to be close to each other in both methods, suggesting that the 3D scanner may be used in morphometric studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Koçyiğit
- Harran University Laboratory and Veterinary Health Vocational School, Birecik, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - İsmail Demircioğlu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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Karaavci FA, Demiraslan Y, Demircioğlu İ, Gürbüz İ, Özgel Ö. Orbital shape in sheep and goats with sex and breed factors. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e12971. [PMID: 37728199 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the dimorphic structures of the orbita based on breed and sex factors through shape analysis across species. Additionally, the study aimed to ascertain the variability between the two species. A total of 86 (51 sheep-Akkaraman [Ak] and Morkaraman [Mk], 35 goats-Hair [Hr] and Honamlı [Hm]) skulls were used in the study. It was decided to designate 36 landmarks to represent the orbit's edge. In the principal component analysis, 68 PCs were calculated. It was determined that PC1, PC2 and PC3 explained the total variance in morphology by 26.909%, 16.147% and 13.616%, respectively. According to the cross-validation results, the goats were grouped with 95% (Hm: 100%, Hr: 90%), while the sheep were grouped with 56% (Ak: 50%, Mk: 63%). Therefore, dimorphism among goat breeds on orbita shape was more pronounced compared to sheep. In the discriminant function analysis of the sex groups, Procrustes and Mahalanobis distance values in goats were 0.04425425 (p < 0.0001) and 5.3733 (p = 0.9550), in sheep 0.03513424 (p < 0.0001) and 7.1003 (p = 0.9414), respectively, was detected. According to the cross-validation results, in terms of sex, goats were correctly grouped at a rate of 74% (F: 73%; M: 75%) and sheep breeds were correctly grouped at a rate of 72% (F: 77%; M: 66%). Factors such as habitat selection, breeding behaviours and ecological environment may show anatomical differences within breeds as well as between breeds. Therefore, various measurement techniques are used to reveal these differences. As a result, it is thought that the study will contribute to many disciplines, especially taxonomy and zooarchaeology, by analysing the shape of the orbita of sheep and goat breeds, the domestication of which dates back to ancient times, and revealing the similarities and differences between species and according to sex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasin Demiraslan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - İsmail Demircioğlu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Sanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - İftar Gürbüz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Özcan Özgel
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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5
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Dursun S, Yilmaz O, Demircioğlu İ. Three-dimensional modelling and morphological investigation of the bones of the Articulatio genus using computed tomography images in Van cats. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e12994. [PMID: 37936559 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to make three-dimensional reconstruction of the stifle joint computed tomography (CT) images of the Van cats, to obtain their osteometric measurements, and to determine the statistical biometric differences of these measurement values in terms of both sexual dimorphism and homotypic variations. A total of 16 healthy adult Van cats of both sexes were used. The stifle joints of the cats were scanned with a CT device and images were obtained. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the bony structures of the stifle joint were performed using CT images using the MIMICS 20.1 modelling program. Then, osteometric measurements were calculated, and statistical analysis was performed. When the morphometric measurement values were examined in terms of gender, it was observed that almost all of the osteometric measurement values of the stifle joint in Van cats (except SPW measurement) were higher in male cats. According to homotypic variations, right side TPW (p = 0.009), TPCMA (p = 0.003) and TPMCA (p = 0.032) measurement values in female cats and right side TPLCA (p = 0.002) measurement values in male cats were found to be statistically significantly higher than the left side from the measurements of only the proximal tibia (p < 0.05). In general, although there were negative correlations between morphometric measurement values with age and body weight, mostly strong positive correlations were seen. As a result, statistical differences of the biometric values and anatomical features of the stifle joint between the sexes in Van cats between the sexes were examined using CT and a three-dimensional modelling program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Dursun
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Osman Yilmaz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - İsmail Demircioğlu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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Gündemir O, Duro S, Szara T, Koungoulos L, Jashari T, Demircioğlu İ, Hadžiomerović N, Ilieski V, Melnyk OP, Melnyk OO. Skull variation in different breeds sheep from Balkan countries. Ann Anat 2023; 249:152083. [PMID: 36935088 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The Balkan Peninsula region has a very diverse agricultural and livestock tradition, and almost every country has its own local breed of sheep. Different breeds of sheep and different breeding traditions, despite the small geographical distance, determine the morphological and morphometric variability among animal breeds. In this study, this morphological diversity among the skulls of sheep breeds of some countries in the Balkan region was examined by the geometric morphometric method. 2D images of 86 sheep skulls from five different countries were analyzed from the dorsal view.Sixteen landmarks were used. The Bardhoka and the Ivesi breed have the broadest distributions of skull shape amongst the sheep breeds. The Ruda sheep is the most morphologically conservative. The sheep from Turkey (Ivesi) and Kosovo (Bardhoka) seem to differ mainly from sheep from other Balkan countries. Bardhoka and Ruda differ most from each other (p < 0.0001). The next biggest differences were between Ivesi and Ruda (p < 0.0011) and between Bardhoka and Sharri sheep (p < 0.0016). The sheep breeds Dubska and Lara e Polisit differ the least from each other. Geometrics morphometric analysis is a useful tool to detect differences in the shape of the skull of different sheep breeds and can therefore be used successfully for taxonomic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Gündemir
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34500, Turkey
| | - Sokol Duro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, 1029 Tirana, Albania
| | - Tomasz Szara
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Loukas Koungoulos
- Department of Archaeology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tefik Jashari
- Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34500, Turkey
| | - İsmail Demircioğlu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, 63200 Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Nedžad Hadžiomerović
- Department of Anatomy and Histology with Embryology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Vlatko Ilieski
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Oleg P Melnyk
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Histology and Pathomorphology, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - Oleksii O Melnyk
- Department of Animal Anatomy, Histology and Pathomorphology, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
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Dayan MO, Demircioğlu İ, Koçyiğit A, Güzel BC, Karaavci FA. Morphometric analysis of the skull of Hamdani sheep via Three-Dimensional modelling. Anat Histol Embryol 2023; 52:215-222. [PMID: 36263930 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the craniometric characteristics of the crania of Hamdani sheep, one of local breeds of Turkey, by using computed tomography (CT). In the study, 13 (six female and seven male) skulls were used. After CT images of the skulls were taken, their three-dimensional models were created by MIMICS 20.1 (The Materialise Group, Leuven, Belgium) program. Thirty-eight craniometric measurements were taken over the models created and nine indices were calculated by using these measurements. All the characteristics examined were expressed as mean ± SE. In the study, statistically significant differences were found between females and males in terms of greatest neurocranium breadth, facial breadth, greatest palatal breadth (p < 0.05) and height of the foramen magnum (p < 0.01) parameters. No statistically significant difference was observed between the sexes in the calculated index values (p > 0.05). In conclusion, it is thought that the findings obtained from the study will contribute to the zooarchaeology and sheep taxonomy of Mesopotamian region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Orhun Dayan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - İsmail Demircioğlu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ali Koçyiğit
- Harran University Laboratory and Veterinary Health Vocational School, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Barış Can Güzel
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Dörtbudak MY, Demiraslan Y, Demircioğlu İ. Geometric analysis of otoliths in Cyprinion kais and Cyprinion macrostomus. Anat Histol Embryol 2022; 51:696-702. [PMID: 35908184 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyprinion macrostomus and Cyprinion kais are species that inhabit in the Tigris River. These fishes, formerly considered as the same species, have been listed as different species by taking differences in jaw and mouth structures into consideration. The mouth shape of C. kais is distinct and small. The mouth is convex and has broad lateral lobes. The mouth of C. macrostomus is wider, is convex and lacks lateral lobes. This study aimed to determine the shape-dependent variability in the breed and sex factors of otoliths of the fish species C. kais and C. macrostomus. For this purpose, 30 right otoliths from both species were used. Geometric morphometric analyses were performed by marking semilandmarks on the otoliths. When examining the results of the analysis, it was found that the first base component accounted for the total shape difference by 26.871% and the first three base components accounted for the total shape difference by 52.235%. In the regression analysis of shape on dimension, it was found that 2.1020% of shape could be estimated in terms of size according to the groups. In the wire-frame wrap graph showing group-based shape differences, it was found that C. kais was wider than C. macrostomus at the level of the dorsal margin and the rostrum region of C. macrostomus was larger and sharply pointed. Consequently, it is believed that the data of the study can be reference for many disciplines, especially for taxonomic classification of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Yaşar Dörtbudak
- Department of Fisheries and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Yasin Demiraslan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - İsmail Demircioğlu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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Güzel BC, Koçyiğit A, Demircioğlu İ, Demiraslan Y. Investigating metacarpi of Hamdani sheep via different measurement and modelling methods: A methodological study. Anat Histol Embryol 2022; 51:484-491. [PMID: 35608253 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to perform the morphometric analyses on metacarpi of Hamdani sheep via different measurement methods and to compare the methods. Thus, metacarpal bones of 15 females and 15 males were used in the study. Measurements were taken from the measurement points determined on metacarpus via four methods, and their statistical analyses were performed. When both male and female metacarpal bones were examined in the De parameter in the comparison with the methods, it was observed that the four measurement methods were different from one another (p < 0.01). When DEM and DEL measurement parameters were examined in male metacarpus, the highest value was measured in ImageJ and the smallest value was measured in 3D Slicer software; however, it was found that the statistical difference was not significant when compared numerically (p > 0.05). As a result, while it was observed that the measurements made by using digital calliper measurements, photometric analysis, and 3D software were similar in some of the parameters but there was no statistically significant difference; whereas, Statistical difference was detected in some parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barış Can Güzel
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ali Koçyiğit
- Harran University Laboratory and Veterinary Health Vocational School, Birecik, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - İsmail Demircioğlu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Eyyubiye, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Yasin Demiraslan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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Demiraslan Y, Gürbüz İ, Demircioğlu İ, Dayan MO. The lumbosacral Plexus of the Barn Owl (tyto alba): Formation, branches and distribution. Anat Histol Embryol 2021; 50:572-578. [PMID: 33538360 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to reveal the anatomical structure of lumbosacral plexus of barn owl. Six barn owls were included in the study. Nerves originating from plexus were dissected individually, and findings of innervation areas of nerves were determined. Lumbosacral plexus of barn owl was observed to be formed by ventral rami of ten synsacral spinal nerves. It was found that while the r. cutaneus femoris lateralis, the n. obturatorius, the n. coxalis cranialis, the r. cutaneus femoris medialis, the n. cutaneus femoris cranialis and the n. femoralis originated from the lumbar plexus, the n. isciofemoralis, the n. cutaneus femoris caudalis, the n. coxalis caudalis and the n. ischiadicus originated from the sacral plexus. Consequently, when the results of the study were compared with information of different avian species, it was observed that differences focused on the formation of the lumbar and sacral plexuses and innervation level of digits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Demiraslan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - İftar Gürbüz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - İsmail Demircioğlu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Orhun Dayan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Yilmaz O, Demircioğlu İ. Morphometric analysis and three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction of the long bones of femoral and crural regions in Van cats. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2020; 80:186-195. [PMID: 32964410 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2020.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to determine the morphometric features and to make the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the images obtained by computed tomography (CT) of the main long bones (femur, tibia, fibula) in Van cats, and to reveal the biometric differences between these measurement values of both sexual dimorphism and homotypic variations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 16 adult Van cats, 8 male and 8 female, were used in the study. The pelvic limb long bones of the cats, which were anesthetized with the ketamine-xylazine combination, were scanned with a CT device and their images were obtained. These images were converted to a 3D structure by means of MIMICS 20.1 (The Materialise Group, Leuven, Belgium) software programme. Then, morphometric, volumetric, surface arae measurements of these bones were calculated and statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS In the analysis, it was observed that right greatest length (GL), left GL, right greatest length from caput ossis femoris (GLc), left greatest breadth of the distal end (Bd), right volume (V), and left V measurement values of the femur; left GL1, right greatest breadth of the proximal end (Bp), right Bd, left Bd, right smallest breadth of the diaphysis (SD), right V, left V, and right surface area (SA) measurement values of the tibia; right V, left V, right SA, and left SA measurement values of the fibula were statistically significantly higher in male cats than in female cats (p < 0.05). The volume and surface area measurement values of the femur, tibia and fibula of male and female cats were determined as 8.57 ± 1.33 cm3 and 7.00 ± 0.49 cm3, 64.28 ± 6.72 cm2 and 59.42 ± 4.72 cm2; 7.56 ± 1.28 cm3 and 6.15 ± 0.52 cm3, 56.89 ± 6.47 cm2 and 52.72 ± 3.15 cm2; 1.10 ± 0.17 cm3 and 0.83 ± 0.05 cm3, 14.18 ± 1.61 cm2 and 11.95 ± 0.48 cm2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The statistical differences between the sexes in terms of the measurement parameters of the femur, tibia and fibula in adult Van cats were determined. We believe that these differences can be used in determining morphological variations of Van cats. In addition, it is thought that the data obtained from the present study would be beneficial to veterinary physicians in the clinical application areas in order to evaluate the pathological conditions related to these bones and to the studies in the field of zooarchaeology.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Yilmaz
- University of Van Yüzüncü Yıl, University of Van Yüzüncü Yıl, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, 65080, Zeve Campus/Van, TURKEY, 65080 VAN, Turkey.
| | - İ Demircioğlu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Şanliurfa, Turkey, Turkey
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Gündemir O, Duro S, Jashari T, Kahvecioğlu O, Demircioğlu İ, Mehmeti H. A study on morphology and morphometric parameters on skull of the Bardhoka autochthonous sheep breed in Kosovo. Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 49:365-371. [PMID: 32022341 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aim to investigate the skull of Bardhoka sheep, which is the native breed of Kosovo by utilising normal morphometric methods. Differences between male and female were also statistically analysed. Further, the parameters that can be used in gender discrimination were also analysed. The statistical analysis was based on a sample of 24 adult skulls of Bardhoka breed with 12 female and 12 male skulls. Altogether, 31 different measurements were taken morphologically and 7 different indices were applied. Except for the measurement's values of the orbit, measurement's values of length of the cheek tooth row and the measurement's values of height of the foramen magnum, all the measured values of males were higher than females. Nasal index, cranium index and skull index values were statistically significant between both genders. It is envisaged that the findings of this study will motivate and assist other comparative studies with other autochthonous sheep and goat breeds found in the Dukagjini region or in clinical veterinary practice and even in zooarchaeology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Gündemir
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sokol Duro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Tefik Jashari
- Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Kahvecioğlu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Demircioğlu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Harran, Turkey
| | - Hajrip Mehmeti
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
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