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Emamnejad R, Pagnin M, Petratos S. The Iron Maiden: Oligodendroglial metabolic disfunction in multiple sclerosis and mitochondrial signalling. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024:105788. [PMID: 38950685 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease, governed by oligodendrocyte (OL) dystrophy and central nervous system (CNS) demyelination manifesting variable neurological impairments. Mitochondrial mechanisms may drive myelin biogenesis maintaining the axo-glial unit according to dynamic requisite demands imposed by the axons they ensheath. The promotion of OL maturation and myelination by actively transporting thyroid hormone (TH) into the CNS and thereby facilitating key transcriptional and metabolic pathways that regulate myelin biogenesis is fundamental to sustain the profound energy demands at each axo-glial interface. Deficits in regulatory functions exerted through TH for these physiological roles to be orchestrated by mature OLs, can occur in genetic and acquired myelin disorders, whereby mitochondrial efficiency and eventual dysfunction can lead to profound oligodendrocytopathy, demyelination and neurodegenerative sequelae. TH-dependent transcriptional and metabolic pathways can be dysregulated during acute and chronic MS lesion activity depriving OLs from critical acetyl-CoA biochemical mechanisms governing myelin lipid biosynthesis and at the same time altering the generation of iron metabolism that may drive ferroptotic mechanisms, leading to advancing neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahimeh Emamnejad
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Maurice Pagnin
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia.
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia.
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2
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, Salgado-Cámara P, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. Oxidative Stress Markers in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6289. [PMID: 38927996 PMCID: PMC11203935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is not completely understood, but genetic factors, autoimmunity, inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration seem to play a significant role. Data from analyses of central nervous system autopsy material from patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, as well as from studies in the main experimental model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), suggest the possibility of a role of oxidative stress as well. In this narrative review, we summarize the main data from studies reported on oxidative stress markers in patients diagnosed with MS and in experimental models of MS (mainly EAE), and case-control association studies on the possible association of candidate genes related to oxidative stress with risk for MS. Most studies have shown an increase in markers of oxidative stress, a decrease in antioxidant substances, or both, with cerebrospinal fluid and serum/plasma malonyl-dialdehyde being the most reliable markers. This topic requires further prospective, multicenter studies with a long-term follow-up period involving a large number of patients with MS and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, E-28500 Madrid, Spain; (H.A.-N.); (P.S.-C.)
| | - Hortensia Alonso-Navarro
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, E-28500 Madrid, Spain; (H.A.-N.); (P.S.-C.)
| | - Paula Salgado-Cámara
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, E-28500 Madrid, Spain; (H.A.-N.); (P.S.-C.)
| | - Elena García-Martín
- University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, E-10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.A.G.A.)
| | - José A. G. Agúndez
- University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, E-10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.A.G.A.)
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3
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Esmaeilzadeh E, Soleimani M, Kohrshid HRK. Protective effects of Herbal Compound (IM253) on the inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 67:104076. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Decreased Cerebrospinal Fluid Antioxidative Capacity Is Related to Disease Severity and Progression in Early Multiple Sclerosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091264. [PMID: 34572477 PMCID: PMC8472420 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS) results from an imbalance between toxic free radicals and counteracting antioxidants, i.e., antioxidative capacity (AOC). The relation of AOC to outcome measures in MS still remains inconclusive. We aimed to compare AOC in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum between early MS and controls and assess its correlation with clinical/radiological measures. Methods: We determined AOC (ability of CSF and serum of patients to inhibit 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-induced oxidation of dihydrorhodamine) in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)/early relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) (n = 55/11) and non-inflammatory neurological controls (n = 67). MS patients underwent clinical follow-up (median, 4.5; IQR, 5.2 years) and brain MRI at 3 T (baseline/follow-up n = 47/34; median time interval, 3.5; IQR, 2.1 years) to determine subclinical disease activity. Results: CSF AOC was differently regulated among CIS, RRMS and controls (p = 0.031) and lower in RRMS vs. CIS (p = 0.020). Lower CSF AOC correlated with physical disability (r = −0.365, p = 0.004) and risk for future relapses (exp(β) = 0.929, p = 0.033). No correlations with MRI metrics were found. Conclusion: Decreased CSF AOC was associated with increased disability and clinical disease activity in MS. While our finding cannot prove causation, they should prompt further investigations into the role of AOC in the evolution of MS.
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Kapoor T, Mehan S. Neuroprotective Methodologies in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Current Status of Clinical and Pre-clinical Findings. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 18:31-46. [PMID: 32031075 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666200207100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an idiopathic and autoimmune associated motor neuron disorder that affects myelinated neurons in specific brain regions of young people, especially females. MS is characterized by oligodendrocytes destruction further responsible for demyelination, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial abnormalities, oxidative stress and neurotransmitter deficits associated with motor and cognitive dysfunctions, vertigo and muscle weakness. The limited intervention of pharmacologically active compounds like interferon-β, mitoxantrone, fingolimod and monoclonal antibodies used clinically are majorly associated with adverse drug reactions. Pre-clinically, gliotoxin ethidium bromide mimics the behavioral and neurochemical alterations in multiple sclerosis- like in experimental animals associated with the down-regulation of adenyl cyclase/cAMP/CREB, which is further responsible for a variety of neuropathogenic factors. Despite the considerable investigation of neuroprotection in curing multiple sclerosis, some complications still remain. The available medications only provide symptomatic relief but do not stop the disease progression. In this way, the development of unused beneficial methods tends to be ignored. The limitations of the current steady treatment may be because of their activity at one of the many neurotransmitters included or their failure to up direct signaling flag bearers detailed to have a vital part in neuronal sensitivity, biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and its discharge, development, and separation of the neuron, synaptic versatility and cognitive working. Therefore, the current review strictly focused on the exploration of various clinical and pre-clinical features available for multiple sclerosis to understand the pathogenic mechanisms and to introduce pharmacological interventions associated with the upregulation of intracellular adenyl cyclase/cAMP/CREB activation to ameliorate multiple sclerosis-like features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kapoor
- Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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6
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Yevgi R, Demir R. Oxidative stress activity of fingolimod in multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 202:106500. [PMID: 33508648 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies have shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in MS pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between total oxidative stress (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), which were reported to be effective in the pathogenesis of MS, and therapeutic efficacy of fingolimod used in the treatment of MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum TOS and total TAC levels of 25 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) were measured before fingolimod treatment was initiated and in the third month of treatment and compared with those of 40 healthy individuals. Measurement of TOS activity was performed with TOS Assay Kit (Rel Assay Diagnostics, Turkey). Measurement of TAC activity was also performed with TAC Assay Kit (Rel Assay Diagnostics, Turkey). RESULTS A statistically significant increase was observed in the TOS levels measured before fingolimod treatment in the patient group compared to the control group. The TOS levels measured in the third month of the treatment were found to decrease significantly compared to the pre-treatment TOS levels. An increase was observed in TAC levels after the treatment; however, no significant difference was found between the groups in terms of TAC levels. There was a positive correlation between the pre- and post-treatment Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores and TOS values whereas no significant correlation was observed between the pre- and post-treatment EDSS scores and TAC values. CONCLUSION The present study has revealed that fingolimod reduced oxidative stress. There was a positive correlation between the pre- and post-treatment EDSS and TOS values, which confirmed that there was a close correlation between the MS and oxidative stress. There are some limitations in this study. The small number of patients and the short follow-up times can be listed among these limitations. Our study does not contain a definitive answer to what is the mechanism of increased TOS in MS patients and how fingolimod reduces TOS levels. More detailed studies are needed on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Yevgi
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Recep Demir
- Kocaeli Medical Park Hospital, Department of Neurology, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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7
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Salari N, Rasoulpoor S, Hosseinian-Far A, Razazian N, Mansouri K, Mohammadi M, Vaisi-Raygani A, Jalali R, Shabani S. Association between serum paraoxonase 1 activity and its polymorphisms with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Neurol Sci 2020; 42:491-500. [PMID: 33095366 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04842-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human serum paraoxonase (PON) is an enzyme that is synthesized by the liver and enters the bloodstream, and it is transmitted by high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a hydrolytic enzyme with a wide range of substrates and the ability to protect against lipid oxidation. In this study, due to the activity of PON1 in the brain and its antioxidant effects on the reduction of neurological disorders in the central nervous system, the role of PON1 and its polymorphisms related to multiple sclerosis has been examined to enhance treatment methods. METHODS This article is a systematic review. In this study, the role of PON1 and its polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been investigated. Articles published in Persian and international databases of SID, Google Scholar, ISI (WoS), Magiran, PubMed, Scopus, IranDoc, Science Direct, and Iran Medix were examined, using the search keywords of Paraoxonase 1, polymorphism, multiple sclerosis, and PON1. RESULTS PON1 is undoubtedly a potential factor in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, and it plays an important role in protecting antioxidants in the blood. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation are factors in the pathogenesis of MS. Both inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress have a detrimental effect on PON1. However, reducing the activity of PON1 may help to restore the pathogenesis of the disease. CONCLUSION Decreased PON1 activity and PON1 polymorphism are associated with several neurological diseases, including ischemic stroke, white matter lesions (WMLs), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia, and Parkinson's disease. PON1-55M alleles in Italians and PON1-192Q alleles in Poles were associated with a high risk of MS. Moreover, PON1-55 and PON1-192 polymorphisms were not associated with MS onset age, nor its evolutionary type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shna Rasoulpoor
- Medical Biology Research Centre, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amin Hosseinian-Far
- Department of Business Systems & Operations, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK
| | - Nazanin Razazian
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Centre, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Aliakbar Vaisi-Raygani
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rostam Jalali
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shervin Shabani
- Medical Biology Research Centre, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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8
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Nasrollahzadeh Sabet M, Biglari S, Khorram Khorshid HR, Esmaeilzadeh E. Shikonin ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) via immunomodulatory, anti-apoptotic and antioxidative activity. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1970-1976. [PMID: 32892382 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multiple sclerosis is a common autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. There are several underlying mechanisms for the pathogenesis of the disease, including inflammation, oligodendrocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress. METHODS The mechanism of action of shikonin was investigated in the C57BL/6 experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis. KEY FINDINGS The results revealed that EAE induction significantly increased the extent of demyelination in the corpus callosum tissues of the animals, while treatment of the mice with shikonin significantly decreased the extent of demyelination. Real-time polymerase chain reaction-based analysis of the brain samples from the EAE mice revealed significant enhancement in the expression levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and Bax genes as well as a reduction in the expression levels of transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-β) and Bcl2. But, shikonin treatment significantly reduced the expression levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and Bax. On the other hand, the expression levels of TGF-β and Bcl2 as well as the activity of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX-1) enzyme were significantly increased following the shikonin treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasized the immune-modulatory and antioxidative effects of shikonin, which may have an important healing effect on the severity of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sajjad Biglari
- School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Lattanzi S, Acciarri MC, Danni M, Taffi R, Cerqua R, Rocchi C, Silvestrini M. Cerebral hemodynamics in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 44:102309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Gogna P, King WD. The relationship between colorectal cancer risk factors and LINE-1 DNA methylation in healthy colon tissue. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1087-1093. [PMID: 32790479 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: LINE-1 DNA methylation is a modifiable epigenetic process linked to colorectal cancer (CRC). However, studies of methylation in the tissue of interest are limited. This research examines associations between CRC risk factors and LINE-1 DNA methylation in healthy colon tissue. Materials & methods: LINE-1 methylation was measured in colon tissue samples from 317 patients undergoing a screening colonoscopy. Associations were examined with established CRC risk factors including alcohol consumption, smoking, BMI, NSAIDs, physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption. Results: All studied risk factors were not related to LINE-1 DNA methylation in this population. Conclusion: The observed results may reflect that the effect of this set of established risk factors is not mediated through LINE-1 DNA methylation in the healthy colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gogna
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7K 3N6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Will D King
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston K7K 3N6, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Agresti C, Mechelli R, Olla S, Veroni C, Eleuteri C, Ristori G, Salvetti M. Oxidative Status in Multiple Sclerosis and Off-Targets of Antioxidants: The Case of Edaravone. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2095-2105. [PMID: 30678613 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190124122752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MS is a chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration, with a complex and still to be clarified aetiology. Several data, coming from patients' samples and from animal models, show that Oxidative Status (OS) plays an important role in MS pathogenesis. Overproduction of reactive oxidative species by macrophages/microglia can bring about cellular injury and ensuing cell death by oxidizing cardinal cellular components. Oxidized molecules are present in active MS lesions and are associated with neurodegeneration. METHODS We undertook a structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature focusing on OS in MS. The contents of the selected papers were described in the context of a conceptual framework. A special emphasis was given to the results of our study in the field. RESULTS The results of our three recent studies were put in the context and discussed taking into account the literature on the topic. Oxidative damage underpinned an imbalance shared by MS and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. In people with clinically isolated syndrome (an early phase of MS) oxidative stress proved to contribute to disease pathophysiology and to provide biomarkers that may help predict disease evolution. A drug screening platform based on multiple assays to test the remyelinating potential of library of approved compounds showed two anti-oxidants, edaravone and 5-methyl-7- methoxyisoflavone, as active drugs. Moreover, an analysis of 'structure activity relationship' showed off-targets sites of these compounds that accounted for their remyelinating activity, irrespective of their antioxidant action. CONCLUSION Overall, edaravone emerges as a candidate to treat complex disease such as MS, where inflammation, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration contribute to disease progression, together or individually, in different phases and disease types. Furthermore, approaches based on drug repositioning seem to maintain the promise of helping discover novel treatment for complex diseases, where molecular targets are largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Agresti
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy.,Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Olla
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Caterina Veroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Eleuteri
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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12
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Murphy OC, Kwakyi O, Iftikhar M, Zafar S, Lambe J, Pellegrini N, Sotirchos ES, Gonzalez-Caldito N, Ogbuokiri E, Filippatou A, Risher H, Cowley N, Feldman S, Fioravante N, Frohman EM, Frohman TC, Balcer LJ, Prince JL, Channa R, Calabresi PA, Saidha S. Alterations in the retinal vasculature occur in multiple sclerosis and exhibit novel correlations with disability and visual function measures. Mult Scler 2020; 26:815-828. [PMID: 31094280 PMCID: PMC6858526 DOI: 10.1177/1352458519845116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The retinal vasculature may be altered in multiple sclerosis (MS), potentially acting as a biomarker of disease processes. OBJECTIVE To compare retinal vascular plexus densities in people with MS (PwMS) and healthy controls (HCs), and examine correlations with visual function and global disability. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 111 PwMS (201 eyes) and 50 HCs (97 eyes) underwent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Macular superficial vascular plexus (SVP) and deep vascular plexus (DVP) densities were quantified, and poor quality images were excluded according to an artifact-rating protocol. RESULTS Mean SVP density was 24.1% (SD = 5.5) in MS eyes (26.0% (SD = 4.7) in non-optic neuritis (ON) eyes vs. 21.7% (SD = 5.5) in ON eyes, p < 0.001), as compared to 29.2% (SD = 3.3) in HC eyes (p < 0.001 for all MS eyes and multiple sclerosis optic neuritis (MSON) eyes vs. HC eyes, p = 0.03 for MS non-ON eyes vs. HC eyes). DVP density did not differ between groups. In PwMS, lower SVP density was associated with higher levels of disability (expanded disability status scale (EDSS): R2 = 0.26, p = 0.004; multiple sclerosis functional composite (MSFC): R2 = 0.27, p = 0.03) and lower letter acuity scores (100% contrast: R2 = 0.29; 2.5% contrast: R2 = 0.40; 1.25% contrast: R2 = 0.31; p < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS Retinal SVP density measured by OCTA is reduced across MS eyes, and correlates with visual function, EDSS, and MSFC scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olwen C. Murphy
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections,
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ohemaa Kwakyi
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections,
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mustafa Iftikhar
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sidra Zafar
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey Lambe
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections,
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nicole Pellegrini
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections,
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Elias S. Sotirchos
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections,
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Natalia Gonzalez-Caldito
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections,
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Esther Ogbuokiri
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections,
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Angeliki Filippatou
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections,
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hunter Risher
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections,
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Norah Cowley
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections,
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sydney Feldman
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections,
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nicholas Fioravante
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections,
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Elliot M. Frohman
- Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, University of
Texas Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Teresa C. Frohman
- Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, University of
Texas Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Laura J. Balcer
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone
Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jerry L. Prince
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Roomasa Channa
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, TX, United States
| | - Peter A. Calabresi
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections,
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shiv Saidha
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections,
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
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13
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Multi-Platform Characterization of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum Metabolome of Patients Affected by Relapsing-Remitting and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030863. [PMID: 32245176 PMCID: PMC7141510 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immunemediated disease of the central nervous system with a highly variable clinical presentation and disease progression. In this study, we investigate the metabolomics profile of patients affected by relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS)and primary progressive MS (PPMS), in order to find potential biomarkers to distinguish between the two forms. Methods: Cerebrospinal Fluid CSF and blood samples of 34 patients (RRMS n = 22, PPMS n = 12) were collected. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and mass spectrometry (coupled with a gas chromatography and liquid chromatography) were used as analytical techniques. Subsequently, a multivariate statistical analysis was performed; the resulting significant variables underwent U-Mann–Whitney test and correction for multiple comparisons. Receiver Operating Characteristic ROC curves were built and the pathways analysis was conducted. Results: The analysis of the serum and the CSF of the two classes, allowed the identification of several altered metabolites (lipids, biogenic amines, and amino acids). The pathways analysis indicated the following pathways were affected: Glutathione metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, glutamine–glutamate metabolism, arginine–ornithine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis etc. Conclusion: The analysis allowed the identification of a set of metabolites able to classify RRMS and PPMS patients, each of whom express different patterns of metabolites in the two biofluids.
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Siotto M, Filippi MM, Simonelli I, Landi D, Ghazaryan A, Vollaro S, Ventriglia M, Pasqualetti P, Rongioletti MCA, Squitti R, Vernieri F. Oxidative Stress Related to Iron Metabolism in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients With Low Disability. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:86. [PMID: 30804745 PMCID: PMC6378854 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative status may play a role in chronic inflammation and neurodegeneration which are considered critical etiopathogenetic factors in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), both in the early phase of the disease and in the progressive one. The aim of this study is to explore oxidative status related to iron metabolism in peripheral blood of stable Relapsing-Remitting MS with low disability. We studied 60 Relapsing-Remitting MS patients (age 37.2 ± 9.06, EDSS median 1.0), and 40 healthy controls (age 40.3 ± 10.86). We measured total hydroperoxides (dROMs test) and Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), along with the iron metabolism biomarkers: Iron (Fe), ferritin (Ferr), transferrin (Tf), transferrin saturation (Tfsat), and ceruloplasmin (Cp) panel biomarkers [concentration (iCp) and enzymatic activity (eCp), copper (Cu), ceruloplasmin specific activity (eCp:iCp), copper to ceruloplasmin ratio (Cu:Cp), non-ceruloplasmin copper (nCp-Cu)]. We computed also the Cp:Tf ratio as an index of oxidative stress related to iron metabolism. We found lower TAS levels in MS patients than in healthy controls (CTRL) and normal reference level and higher dROMs and Cp:Tf ratio in MS than in healthy controls. Cp and Cu were higher in MS while biomarkers of iron metabolism were not different between patients and controls. Both in controls and MS, dROMs correlated with iCp (CTRL r = 0.821, p < 0.001; MS r = 0.775 p < 0.001) and eCp (CTRL r = 0.734, p < 0.001; MS r = 0.820 p < 0.001). Moreover, only in MS group iCp correlated negatively with Tfsat (r = -0.257, p = 0.047). Dividing MS patients in “untreated” group and “treated” group, we found a significant difference in Fe values [F(2, 97) = 10.136, p < 0.001]; in particular “MS untreated” showed higher mean values (mean = 114.5, SD = 39.37 μg/dL) than CTRL (mean 78.6, SD = 27.55 μg/dL p = 0.001) and “MS treated” (mean = 72.4, SD = 38.08 μg/dL; p < 0.001). Moreover, “MS untreated” showed significantly higher values of Cp:Tf (mean = 10.19, SD = 1.77∗10-2; p = 0.015), than CTRL (mean = 9.03, SD = 1.46 ∗10-2). These results suggest that chronic oxidative stress is relevant also in the remitting phase of the disease in patients with low disability and short disease duration. Therefore, treatment with antioxidants may be beneficial also in the early stage of the disease to preserve neuronal reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilaria Simonelli
- Service of Medical Statistics and Information Technology, Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, Rome, Italy
| | - Doriana Landi
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Ghazaryan
- Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, Rome, Italy.,Neurology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vollaro
- Neurology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariacarla Ventriglia
- Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Pasqualetti
- Service of Medical Statistics and Information Technology, Fatebenefratelli Foundation for Health Research and Education, AFaR Division, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Ciro Antonio Rongioletti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research and Development Division, "San Giovanni Calibita", Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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Vural G, Gümüşyayla Ş, Deniz O, Neşelioğlu S, Erel Ö. Relationship between thiol-disulphide homeostasis and visual evoked potentials in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci 2018; 40:385-391. [PMID: 30506120 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the thiol-disulphide homeostasis during an optic neuritis episode in patients with multiple sclerosis and the relationship between this homeostasis and P100 wave latency. MATERIALS AND METHOD Visual evoked potential reviews of multiple sclerosis patients who presented with an optic neuritis episode were conducted and P100 latencies were measured. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all patients. Native thiol and total thiol concentrations were measured with the automated method that was recently developed. Their amount of disulphide bonds, disulphide/native thiol, disulphide/total thiol and native thiol/total thiol ratios were calculated. The relationship between P100 latency and thiol-disulphide homeostasis was investigated. RESULTS A significant positive correlation was determined between the disulphide/native thiol ratio and both mean P100 latency and maximum P100 latency (p = 0.021, r = 0.136; p = 0.030, r = 0.177, respectively). DISCUSSION As the balance of the plasma dominated by antioxidants moves towards the oxidant side, in other words as a higher rate of thiol is oxidised from the thiol pool, P100 latency is extended. N-acetylcysteine and alpha lipoic acid as well as thiol supplements can improve the thiol-disulphide balance, reinforce antioxidant defence and it can help in slowing down the demyelinating damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gönül Vural
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Şadiye Gümüşyayla
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Orhan Deniz
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salim Neşelioğlu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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An Apparent Correlation Between Central Nervous System and Kidney's Erythropoietin and TNF Alpha Expression at Peak Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 65:246-254. [PMID: 29876728 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory demyelination disease associated with inflammatory reactions and attenuation of antioxidant capacity. Several lines of evidence show that organs such as the liver and kidneys can share their antioxidant activity to protect the central nervous system (CNS) against neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the possible interplay of the kidneys and CNS in pathogenesis of EAE. For this purpose, EAE model was induced in C57BL/6 mice, and expression of erythropoietin (EPO), TNF-α, and NFκB-1 was determined in the kidney and CNS at early and peak stages of the disease. Besides, changes in serum level of EPO and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured by different clinical scores. Real-time PCR (qPCR) results showed a substantial increase in TNF-α and NFκB-1 expression in mice at EAE peak stage compared to sham (control). There was a positive correlation between kidney-EPO and CNS-inflammatory factor expression in EAE-induced mice. In general, EPO expression was relatively higher in the kidneys compared to CNS tissue in sham group. There was a significant upregulation in expression of EPO in the brain, spinal cord, and kidneys particularly at peak stage. Accordingly, changes in serum TAC were consistent with serum EPO concentration. This data may suggest that there is an EPO-mediated cross-talk between the kidney and CNS during EAE pathogenesis.
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Neuroprotective Effects of Melatonin on Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis Mice Via Anti-Oxidative Stress Activity. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 64:233-241. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-1022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Lavery AM, Waldman AT, Charles Casper T, Roalstad S, Candee M, Rose J, Belman A, Weinstock-Guttman B, Aaen G, Tillema JM, Rodriguez M, Ness J, Harris Y, Graves J, Krupp L, Benson L, Gorman M, Moodley M, Rensel M, Goyal M, Mar S, Chitnis T, Schreiner T, Lotze T, Greenberg B, Kahn I, Rubin J, Waubant E. Examining the contributions of environmental quality to pediatric multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2017; 18:164-169. [PMID: 29141802 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a presumed autoimmune disease caused by genetic and environmental factors. It is hypothesized that environmental exposures (such as air and water quality) trigger the innate immune response thereby activating a pro-inflammatory cascade. OBJECTIVE To examine potential environmental factors in pediatric MS using geographic information systems (GIS). METHODS Pediatric MS cases and healthy controls were identified as part of an ongoing multicenter case-control study. Subjects' geographic locations were mapped by county centroid to compare to an Environmental Quality Index (EQI). The EQI examines 5 individual environmental components (air, land, water, social, built factors). A composite EQI score and individual scores were compared between cases and controls, stratified by median proximity to enrollment centers (residence <20 or ≥20 miles from the recruiting center), using logistic regression. RESULTS Of the 287 MS cases and 445 controls, 46% and 49% respectively live in areas where the total EQI is the highest (worst environmental quality). Total EQI was not significantly associated with the odds for MS (p = 0.90 < 20 miles from center; p = 0.43 ≥ 20 miles); however, worsening air quality significantly impacted the odds for MS in those living near a referral center (OR = 2.83; 95%CI 1.5, 5.4) and those who reside ≥ 20 miles from a referral center (OR = 1.61; 95%CI 1.2, 2.3). CONCLUSION Among environmental factors, air quality may contribute to the odds of developing MS in a pediatric population. Future studies will examine specific air constituents and other location-based air exposures and explore potential mechanisms for immune activation by these exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Lavery
- Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Amy T Waldman
- Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | | | - Meghan Candee
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - John Rose
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Anita Belman
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | | | - Greg Aaen
- Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Jayne Ness
- University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | | | - Jennifer Graves
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lauren Krupp
- New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leslie Benson
- Boston Children's Pediatric MS Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark Gorman
- Boston Children's Pediatric MS Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Mary Rensel
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Manu Goyal
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Soe Mar
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tanuja Chitnis
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MS, United Staes
| | | | - Tim Lotze
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Benjamin Greenberg
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Ilana Kahn
- Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Stojić-Vukanić Z, Kotur-Stevuljević J, Nacka-Aleksić M, Kosec D, Vujnović I, Pilipović I, Dimitrijević M, Leposavić G. Sex Bias in Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Neuroinflammation: Relevance for Dimethyl Fumarate Immunomodulatory/Anti-oxidant Action. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3755-3774. [PMID: 28534275 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, upon showing sexual dimorphism in dimethyl fumarate (DMF) efficacy to moderate the clinical severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Dark Agouti rats, cellular and molecular substrate of this dimorphism was explored. In rats of both sexes, DMF administration from the day of immunization attenuated EAE severity, but this effect was more prominent in males leading to loss of the sexual dimorphism observed in vehicle-administered controls. Consistently, in male rats, DMF was more efficient in diminishing the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes infiltrating spinal cord (SC) and their reactivation, the number of IL-17+ T lymphocytes and particularly cellularity of their highly pathogenic IFN-γ+GM-CSF+IL-17+ subset. This was linked with changes in SC CD11b+CD45+TCRαβ- microglia/proinflammatory monocyte progeny, substantiated in a more prominent increase in the frequency of anti-inflammatory phygocyting CD163+ cells and the cells expressing high surface levels of immunoregulatory CD83 molecule (associated with apoptotic cells phagocytosis and implicated in downregulation of CD4+ T lymphocyte reactivation) among CD11b+CD45+TCRαβ- cells in male rat SC. These changes were associated with greater increase in the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 expression in male rats administered with DMF. In accordance with the previous findings, DMF diminished reactive nitrogen and oxygen species generation and consistently, SC level of advanced oxidation protein products, to the greater extent in male rats. Overall, our study indicates sex-specificity in the sensitivity of DMF cellular and molecular targets and encourages sex-based clinical research to define significance of sex for action of therapeutic agents moderating autoimmune neuroinflammation-/oxidative stress-related nervous tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Stojić-Vukanić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Jelena Kotur-Stevuljević
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Nacka-Aleksić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Duško Kosec
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Ivana Vujnović
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Ivan Pilipović
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Dimitrijević
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia.
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Morel A, Bijak M, Niwald M, Miller E, Saluk J. Markers of oxidative/nitrative damage of plasma proteins correlated with EDSS and BDI scores in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Redox Rep 2017; 22:547-555. [PMID: 28521618 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2017.1325571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to evaluate oxidative/nitrative stress in the plasma of 50 patients suffering from the secondary progressive course of multiple sclerosis (MS), and to verify its correlation with physical and mental disability as assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). METHODS Oxidative and nitrative damage to proteins was determined by the level of carbonyl groups and 3-nitrotyrosine using ELISA test. Based on the reaction with Ellman's reagent, we estimated the concentration of oxidized thiol groups. Additionally, we measured the level of lipid peroxidation. RESULTS In plasma drawn from MS patients, we observed a significantly higher level of 3-NT (92%; P < 0.0003), carbonyl groups (29%; P < 0.0001) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (73%; P < 0.0001), as well as a lower concentration of thiol groups (33%; P < 0.0001), in comparison to healthy subjects. We noted positive correlations between the level of carbonyl groups or 3-NT and both diagnostic parameters, EDSS and BDI. Negative correlations were observed between concentration of -SH groups and EDSS and BDI. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that impaired red-ox balance can significantly promote neurodegeneration in secondary progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Morel
- a Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry , University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Michał Bijak
- a Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry , University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Marta Niwald
- b Department of Physical Medicine , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland.,c Neurorehabilitation Ward , III General Hospital in Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Elżbieta Miller
- b Department of Physical Medicine , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland.,c Neurorehabilitation Ward , III General Hospital in Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Joanna Saluk
- a Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry , University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
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Manipulation of Oxygen and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Factors as Possible Interventions for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: Evidence for and Against. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 958:11-27. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47861-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Cytotoxic Effects of Environmental Toxins on Human Glial Cells. Neurotox Res 2016; 31:245-258. [PMID: 27796937 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Toxins produced by cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates have increasingly become a public health concern due to their degenerative effects on mammalian tissue and cells. In particular, emerging evidence has called attention to the neurodegenerative effects of the cyanobacterial toxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). Other toxins such as the neurotoxins saxitoxin and ciguatoxin, as well as the hepatotoxic microcystin, have been previously shown to have a range of effects upon the nervous system. However, the capacity of these toxins to cause neurodegeneration in human cells has not, to our knowledge, been previously investigated. This study aimed to examine the cytotoxic effects of BMAA, microcystin-LR (MC-LR), saxitoxin (STX) and ciguatoxin (CTX-1B) on primary adult human astrocytes. We also demonstrated that α-lipoate attenuated MC-LR toxicity in primary astrocytes and characterised changes in gene expression which could potentially be caused by these toxins in primary astrocytes. Herein, we are the first to show that all of these toxins are capable of causing physiological changes consistent with neurodegeneration in glial cells, via oxidative stress and excitotoxicity, leading to a reduction in cell proliferation culminating in cell death. In addition, MC-LR toxicity was reduced significantly in astrocytes-treated α-lipoic acid. While there were no significant changes in gene expression, many of the probes that were altered were associated with neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. Overall, this is important in advancing our current understanding of the mechanism of toxicity of MC-LR on human brain function in vitro, particularly in the context of neurodegeneration.
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The Validation Study of Neurofilament Heavy Chain and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine as Plasma Biomarkers of Clinical/Paraclinical Activity in First and Relapsing-Remitting Demyelination Acute Attacks. Neurotox Res 2016; 30:530-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9639-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Gonçalves ED, Souza PS, Lieberknecht V, Fidelis GSP, Barbosa RI, Silveira PCL, de Pinho RA, Dutra RC. Low-level laser therapy ameliorates disease progression in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Autoimmunity 2015; 49:132-42. [PMID: 26703077 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2015.1124425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent episodes of T cell-mediated immune attack on central nervous system (CNS) myelin, leading to axon damage and progressive disability. The existing therapies for MS are only partially effective and are associated with undesirable side effects. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been clinically used to treat inflammation, and to induce tissue healing and repair processes. However, there are no reports about the effects and mechanisms of LLLT in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an established model of MS. Here, we report the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of LLLT (AlGaInP, 660 nm and GaAs, 904 nm) irradiated on the spinal cord during EAE development. EAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by immunization with MOG35-55 peptide emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. Our results showed that LLLT consistently reduced the clinical score of EAE and delayed the disease onset, and also prevented weight loss induced by immunization. Furthermore, these beneficial effects of LLLT seem to be associated with the down-regulation of NO levels in the CNS, although the treatment with LLLT failed to inhibit lipid peroxidation and restore antioxidant defense during EAE. Finally, histological analysis showed that LLLT blocked neuroinflammation through a reduction of inflammatory cells in the CNS, especially lymphocytes, as well as preventing demyelination in the spinal cord after EAE induction. Together, our results suggest the use of LLLT as a therapeutic application during autoimmune neuroinflammatory responses, such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine D Gonçalves
- a Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology , Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Araranguá , SC , Brazil .,b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and
| | - Priscila S Souza
- b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and
| | - Vicente Lieberknecht
- a Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology , Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Araranguá , SC , Brazil
| | - Giulia S P Fidelis
- b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and
| | - Rafael I Barbosa
- c Laboratory of Assessment and Rehabilitation of Locomotor System , Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Araranguá , SC , Brazil
| | - Paulo C L Silveira
- b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and
| | - Ricardo A de Pinho
- b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and
| | - Rafael C Dutra
- a Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology , Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Araranguá , SC , Brazil .,b Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology , Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense , Criciúma , SC , Brazil , and.,c Laboratory of Assessment and Rehabilitation of Locomotor System , Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Araranguá , SC , Brazil
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Evaluation of Delta-Aminolevulinic Dehydratase Activity, Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, and Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Neurotox Res 2015; 29:230-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Ozone Therapy in Ethidium Bromide-Induced Demyelination in Rats: Possible Protective Effect. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:943-954. [PMID: 26467344 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, is characterized by excessive demyelination. The study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of ozone (O3) therapy in ethidium bromide (EB)-induced demyelination in rats either alone or in combination with corticosteroids in order to decrease the dose of steroid therapy. Rats were divided into Group (1) normal control rats received saline, Group (2) Sham-operated rats received saline, Group (3) Sham-operated rats received vehicle (oxygen), Group (4) EB-treated rats received EB, Group (5) EB-treated rats received O3, Group (6) EB-treated rats received methylprednisolone (MP), and Group (7) EB-treated rats received half the dose of MP concomitant with O3. EB-treated rats showed a significant increase in the number of footfalls in the grid walk test, decreased brain GSH, and paraoxonase-1 enzyme activity, whereas brain MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, INF-γ, Cox-2 immunoreactivity, and p53 protein levels were increased. A significant decline in brain serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and MBP immunoreactivity was also reported. Significant improvement of the above-mentioned parameters was demonstrated with the administration of either MP or O3, whereas best amelioration was achieved by combining half the dose of MP with ozone.
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Inflammation, Iron, Energy Failure, and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:725370. [PMID: 26106458 PMCID: PMC4461760 DOI: 10.1155/2015/725370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Different trigger pathologies have been suggested by the primary cytodegenerative “inside-out” and primary inflammation-driven “outside-in” hypotheses. Recent data indicate that mitochondrial injury and subsequent energy failure are key factors in the induction of demyelination and neurodegeneration. The brain weighs only a few percent of the body mass but accounts for approximately 20% of the total basal oxygen consumption of mitochondria. Oxidative stress induces mitochondrial injury in patients with multiple sclerosis and energy failure in the central nervous system of susceptible individuals. The interconnected mechanisms responsible for free radical production in patients with multiple sclerosis are as follows: (i) inflammation-induced production of free radicals by activated immune cells, (ii) liberation of iron from the myelin sheets during demyelination, and (iii) mitochondrial injury and thus energy failure-related free radical production. In the present review, the different sources of oxidative stress and their relationships to patients with multiple sclerosis considering tissue injury mechanisms and clinical aspects have been discussed.
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Braidy N, Poljak A, Grant R, Jayasena T, Mansour H, Chan-Ling T, Smythe G, Sachdev P, Guillemin GJ. Differential expression of sirtuins in the aging rat brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:167. [PMID: 26005404 PMCID: PMC4424846 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there are seven mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1-7), little is known about their expression in the aging brain. To characterize the change(s) in mRNA and protein expression of SIRT1-7 and their associated proteins in the brain of “physiologically” aged Wistar rats. We tested mRNA and protein expression levels of rat SIRT1-7, and the levels of associated proteins in the brain using RT-PCR and western blotting. Our data shows that SIRT1 expression increases with age, concurrently with increased acetylated p53 levels in all brain regions investigated. SIRT2 and FOXO3a protein levels increased only in the occipital lobe. SIRT3-5 expression declined significantly in the hippocampus and frontal lobe, associated with increases in superoxide and fatty acid oxidation levels, and acetylated CPS-1 protein expression, and a reduction in MnSOD level. While SIRT6 expression declines significantly with age acetylated H3K9 protein expression is increased throughout the brain. SIRT7 and Pol I protein expression increased in the frontal lobe. This study identifies previously unknown roles for sirtuins in regulating cellular homeostasis and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Poljak
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ross Grant
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tharusha Jayasena
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hussein Mansour
- Retinal and Developmental Neurobiology Lab, Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Tailoi Chan-Ling
- Retinal and Developmental Neurobiology Lab, Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - George Smythe
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuropharmacology Group, MND and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University North Ryde NSW, Australia
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Ljubisavljevic S. Oxidative Stress and Neurobiology of Demyelination. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 53:744-758. [PMID: 25502298 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite a large amount of research which aims at defining the pathophysiology of human demyelination (i.e., multiple sclerosis), etiological bases of disease have been unknown so far. The point of intersection of all assumed etiological factors, which are mainly based upon immunological cascades, is neuroinflammation. The precise definition of the place and role of all pathogenetic factors in the occurrence and development of the disease is of crucial importance for understanding the clinical nature and for finding more effective therapeutic options. There are few studies whose results give more precise data about the role and the importance of other factors in neuroinflammation, besides immunological ones, with regard to clinical and paraclinical correlates of the disease. The review integrates results found in previously performed studies which have evaluated oxidative stress participation in early and late neuroinflammation. The largest number of studies indicates that the use of antioxidants affects the change of neuroinflammation course under experimental conditions, which is reflected in the reduction of the severity and the total reversibility in clinical presentation of the disease, the faster achieving of remission, and the delayed and slow course of neuroinflammation. Therapies based on the knowledge of redox biology targeting free radical generation hold great promise in modulation of the neuroinflammation and its clinical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan Ljubisavljevic
- Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center Nis, Bul. Dr Zorana Djindjica 48, Nis, 18000, Serbia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Bul. Dr Zorana Djindjica 81, Nis, 18000, Serbia.
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Lim JL, Wilhelmus MMM, de Vries HE, Drukarch B, Hoozemans JJM, van Horssen J. Antioxidative defense mechanisms controlled by Nrf2: state-of-the-art and clinical perspectives in neurodegenerative diseases. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1773-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Comparison of Antioxidant Status and Vitamin D Levels between Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Healthy Matched Subjects. Mult Scler Int 2014; 2014:539854. [PMID: 24834356 PMCID: PMC4009321 DOI: 10.1155/2014/539854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. The aim of the present study was to compare the serum levels of total antioxidant status (TAS) and 25(OH) D3 and dietary intake of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with those of normal subjects. Method. Thirty-seven MS patients (31 women) and the same number of healthy matched controls were compared for their serum levels and dietary intake of 25(OH) D3 and TAS. Sun exposure and the intake of antioxidants and vitamin D rich foods were estimated through face-to-face interview and food frequency questionnaire. Results. Dietary intake of antioxidants and vitamin D rich foods, vitamin C, vitamin A, and folate was not significantly different between the two groups. There were also no significant differences in the mean levels of 25(OH) D3 and TAS between the study groups. Both groups had low serum levels of 25(OH) D3 and total antioxidants. Conclusion. No significant differences were detected in serum levels and dietary intake of vitamin D and antioxidants between MS patients and healthy controls. All subjects had low antioxidant status and vitamin D levels.
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Astragaloside IV attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis of mice by counteracting oxidative stress at multiple levels. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76495. [PMID: 24124567 PMCID: PMC3790693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune neuroinflammatory disease found mostly in young adults in the western world. Oxidative stress induced neuronal apoptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MS. In current study, astragaloside IV (ASI), a natural saponin molecule isolated from Astragalus membranceus, given at 20 mg/kg daily attenuated the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice significantly. Further studies disclosed that ASI treatment inhibited the increase of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, down-regulation of SOD and GSH-Px activities, and elevation of iNOS, p53 and phosphorylated tau in central nervous system (CNS) as well as the leakage of BBB of EAE mice. Meanwhile, the decreased ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was reversed by ASI. Moreover, ASI regulated T-cell differentiation and infiltration into CNS. In neuroblast SH-SY5Y cells, ASI dose-dependently reduced cellular ROS level and phosphorylation of tau in response to hydrogen peroxide challenge by modulation of Bcl-2/Bax ratio. ASI also inhibited activation of microglia both in vivo and in vitro. iNOS up-regulation induced by IFNγ stimulation was abolished by ASI dose-dependently in BV-2 cells. In summary, ASI prevented the severity of EAE progression possibly by counterbalancing oxidative stress and its effects via reduction of cellular ROS level, enhancement of antioxidant defense system, increase of anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory pathways, as well as modulation of T-cell differentiation and infiltration into CNS. The study suggested ASI may be effective for clinical therapy/prevention of MS.
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Serum nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels through disease course in multiple sclerosis. Brain Res 2013; 1537:267-72. [PMID: 23973746 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The levels of the essential pyridine nucleotide, NAD(+) and its reduced form NADH have not been documented in MS patients. We aimed to investigate NAD(+) and NADH levels in serum in patients with different disease stages and forms of MS. NAD(+) and NADH levels were measured in the serum from 209 patients with relapsing remitting MS (RRMS), 136 with secondary progressive MS (SPMS), 51 with primary progressive MS (PPMS), and 99 healthy controls. All patients were in a clinically stable phase. Serum NAD(+) levels declined by at least 50% in patients with MS compared to controls (17.9 ± 3.2 μg/ml; p=0.0012). Within the MS sub-groups NAD(+) levels were higher in RRMS (9.9 ± 2.9 μg/ml; p=0.001) compared to PPMS (6.3 ± 2.1 μg/ml; p=0.003) and SPMS (7.8 ± 2.0 μg/ml; p=0.005). A two-fold increase in NADH levels (p=0.002) and at least three-fold reduction in the NAD(+)/NADH ratio (p=0.009) were observed in MS patients compared to controls. Serum NAD(+) and NADH levels are may be associated with disease progression in MS. Given the importance of NAD(+) in the maintenance of normal cellular function, it is likely that this molecule is of therapeutic relevance in MS.
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Kirbas A, Kirbas S, Anlar O, Efe H, Yilmaz A. Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activity and oxidative status in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Clin Neurosci 2013; 20:1106-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2012.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kovacic P, Somanathan R. Redox processes in neurodegenerative disease involving reactive oxygen species. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013; 10:289-302. [PMID: 23730253 PMCID: PMC3520039 DOI: 10.2174/157015912804143487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Much attention has been devoted to neurodegenerative diseases involving redox processes. This review comprises an update involving redox processes reported in the considerable literature in recent years. The mechanism involves reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, usually in the brain. There are many examples including Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s, prions, Down’s syndrome, ataxia, multiple sclerosis, Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia, and Tardive Dyskinesia. Evidence indicates a protective role for antioxidants, which may have clinical implications. A multifaceted approach to mode of action appears reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kovacic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego CA 92182 USA
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Ljubisavljevic S, Stojanovic I, Vojinovic S, Stojanov D, Stojanovic S, Kocic G, Savic D, Cvetkovic T, Pavlovic D. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma oxidative stress biomarkers in different clinical phenotypes of neuroinflammatory acute attacks. Conceptual accession: from fundamental to clinic. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 33:767-77. [PMID: 23677512 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-9944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is revealed as the main contributor in the pathophysiology of neuroinflammation. Analyzing plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with different clinical phenotypes of neuroinflammation, defined as clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), and those defined as relapsing remitting multiples sclerosis (RRMS), we tested peripheral and CNS oxidative stress intensity in these neuroinflammatory acute attacks. All obtained values changes were assessed regarding clinical and radiological features of CNS inflammation. The obtained results revealed an increase in malondialdehyde levels in plasma and CSF in CIS and RRMS patients compared to control values (p < 0.05). The obtained values were most prevailed in both study group, CIS and RRMS, in patients with severe clinical presentation (p < 0.05). Measured activities of catalase and total superoxide dismutase were higher in CIS and RRMS patients in plasma compared to control values (p < 0.05), parallel with an increased catalase activity and decrease in superoxide dismutase activity in CSF regarding values obtained in control group (p < 0.05). The positive correlations regarding clinical score were obtained for all tested biomarkers (p < 0.01). Although the positive correlations were observed in MDA levels in plasma and CSF, for both study patients, and their radiological findings (p < 0.01), and a negative correlation in plasma SOD activity and CIS patients' radiological findings (p < 0.01), no other similar correlations were obtained. These findings might be useful in providing the earliest antioxidative treatment in neuroinflammation aimed to preserve total and CNS antioxidative capacity parallel with delaying irreversible, later neurological disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan Ljubisavljevic
- Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Centre Nis, Bul. Dr Zorana Djindjica 48, 18000, Nis, Serbia.
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Farinotti M, Vacchi L, Simi S, Di Pietrantonj C, Brait L, Filippini G. Dietary interventions for multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 12:CD004192. [PMID: 23235605 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004192.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and experimental data suggest that certain dietary regimens, particularly those including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamins, might improve outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Diets and dietary supplements are much used by people with MS in the belief that they might improve disease outcomes and overcome the effectiveness limits of conventional treatments.This is an update of the Cochrane review "Dietary intervention for multiple sclerosis" (first published on The Cochrane Library 2007, Issue 1). OBJECTIVES To answer MS patients' questions regarding the efficacy and safety of dietary regimens for MS. Can changes in dietary habits be an effective intervention for MS patients? Are the potential side effects of these interventions known, and have they been measured? Are potential interactions between dietary interventions and other curative or symptomatic treatments known and have they been studied? SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Multiple Sclerosis and Rare Diseases of the Central Nervous System Group Specialised Register (November 2011), CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2011, Issue 4), MEDLINE (PubMed) (1966 to November 2011), EMBASE (embase.com) (1974 to November 2011) and reference lists of papers found. SELECTION CRITERIA All controlled trials (randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs)) on a specific dietary intervention, diet plan or dietary supplementation, except for vitamin D supplementation, compared to no dietary modification or placebo were eligible. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected articles, assessed trial quality and extracted data. Data were entered and analysed in RevMan.Dichotomous data were summarised as relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using a random-effects model in the presence of heterogeneity (I² > 60%). Continuous data were analysed using weighted mean differences, determined by the difference between the pre- and post-intervention changes in the treatment and control groups. MAIN RESULTS Six RCTs that investigated PUFAs emerged from the search strategy, accounting for 794 randomised patients.PUFAs did not have a significant effect on disease progression at 24 months. Omega-6 fatty acids (11 to 23 g/day linoleic acid) didn't show any benefit in 144 MS patients (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.63). Linoleic acid (2.9 to 3.4 g/day) had no benefit in 65 chronic progressive MS patients (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.42). Omega-3 fatty acids had no benefit in 292 relapsing remitting MS patients (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.03, P = 0.08).Slight potential benefits in relapse outcomes were associated with omega-6 fatty acids in some studies, however these findings were limited by the reduced validity of the endpoints. No judgements about safety or patient-reported outcomes were possible. In general, trial quality was poor.No studies on vitamin supplementation and allergen-free diets were analysed as none met the eligibility criteria, mainly due to lack of clinical outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS PUFAs seem to have no major effect on the main clinical outcome in MS (disease progression), but they may tend to reduce the frequency of relapses over two years. However, the data that are available are insufficient to assess a real benefit or harm from PUFA supplementation because of their uncertain quality.Evidence on the possible benefits and risks of vitamin supplementation and antioxidant supplements in MS is lacking. More research is required to assess the effectiveness of dietary interventions in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Farinotti
- Neuroepidemiology Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy.
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Evaluation of serum oxidant/antioxidant balance in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Belg 2012; 112:275-80. [PMID: 22450709 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-012-0059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The total oxidative status (TOS)/total anti-oxidative status (TAS) ratio can provide information on an individual's absolute oxidative stress index (OSI). We investigated the alterations in the oxidant-antioxidant balance by measuring the oxidant parameters OSI, TOS, and malondialdehyde (MDA) together with the antioxidant parameters such as TAS, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate OSI in patients with relapsing remitting MS. 35 ambulatory patients with relapsing-remitting MS (35.8 ± 8.7 years) and 32 age- and activity-matched healthy control subjects (35.1 ± 3.7 years) that participated in the study. Serum TAS and TOS levels were determined using new automated methods. MS patients had higher concentrations of MDA (151.5 ± 51.1 vs. 111.3 ± 27.4 nmol/g protein, respectively; p < 0.001), TOS (148.1 ± 162.5 vs. 48.3 ± 46.4 mmol H(2)O(2) Equiv./g protein, respectively; p = 0.002), OSI (21124 ± 32543 vs. 5294 ± 5562, respectively; p = 0.008), and SOD (4.5 ± 0.7 vs. 3.4 ± 0.6 U/L, respectively; p < 0.001) compared with healthy controls. On the other hand, MS patients had lower concentrations of NO (12.3 ± 6.9 vs. 17.4 ± 2.5 μmol/g protein, respectively; p < 0.001) and TAS (0.82 ± 0.27 vs. 0.26 ± 0.15, respectively; p = 0.011) compared with healthy controls. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MS.
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Ljubisavljevic S, Stojanovic I, Pavlovic D, Sokolovic D, Stevanovic I. Aminoguanidine and N-acetyl-cysteine supress oxidative and nitrosative stress in EAE rat brains. Redox Rep 2011; 16:166-72. [PMID: 21888767 DOI: 10.1179/1351000211y.0000000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a well-established animal model of human multiple sclerosis (MS). We have evaluated the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress, as the causal factors in the development of EAE, responsible for the damage of cardinal cellular components, such as lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, resulting in demyelination, axonal damage, and neuronal death. EAE was induced in female Sprague-Dawley rats, 3 months old (300±20 g), by immunization with myelin basic protein in combination with Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The animals were divided into seven groups: control, EAE, CFA, EAE+aminoguanidine (AG), AG, EAE+N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and NAC. The animals were sacrificed 15 days after EAE induction, and the levels of nitrosative and oxidative stress were determined in 10% homogenate of the whole encephalitic mass. In EAE rats, brain NO production and MDA level were significantly increased (P<0.001) compared to the control values, whereas AG and NAC treatment decreased both parameters in EAE rats compared to EAE group (P<0.001). Glutathione (GSH) was reduced (P<0.001) in EAE rats in comparison with the control and CFA groups, but increased in EAE+AG and EAE+NAC group compared to the EAE group (P<0.01). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly decreased (P<0.001) in the EAE group compared to all other experimental groups. The clinical expression of EAE was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the EAE groups treated with AG and NAC compared to EAE rats, during disease development. The obtained results prove an important role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in the pathogenesis of EAE, whereas AG and NAC protective effects offer new possibilities for a modified combined approach in MS therapy.
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Cannon JR, Greenamyre JT. The role of environmental exposures in neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative diseases. Toxicol Sci 2011; 124:225-50. [PMID: 21914720 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration describes the loss of neuronal structure and function. Numerous neurodegenerative diseases are associated with neurodegeneration. Many are rare and stem from purely genetic causes. However, the prevalence of major neurodegenerative diseases is increasing with improvements in treating major diseases such as cancers and cardiovascular diseases, resulting in an aging population. The neurological consequences of neurodegeneration in patients can have devastating effects on mental and physical functioning. The causes of most cases of prevalent neurodegenerative diseases are unknown. The role of neurotoxicant exposures in neurodegenerative disease has long been suspected, with much effort devoted to identifying causative agents. However, causative factors for a significant number of cases have yet to be identified. In this review, the role of environmental neurotoxicant exposures on neurodegeneration in selected major neurodegenerative diseases is discussed. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were chosen because of available data on environmental influences. The special sensitivity the nervous system exhibits to toxicant exposure and unifying mechanisms of neurodegeneration are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Cannon
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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Abstract
Three types of vascular dysfunction have been described in multiple sclerosis (MS). First, findings from epidemiological studies suggest that patients with MS have a higher risk for ischaemic stroke than people who do not have MS. The underlying mechanism is unknown, but might involve endothelial dysfunction secondary to inflammatory disease activity and increased plasma homocysteine concentrations. Second, patients with MS have global cerebral hypoperfusion, which might predispose them to the development of ischaemic stroke. The widespread decrease in perfusion in normal-appearing white matter and grey matter in MS seems not to be secondary to axonal degeneration, but might be a result of reduced axonal activity, reduced astrocyte energy metabolism, and perhaps increased blood concentrations of endothelin-1. Data suggest that a subtype of focal MS lesions might have an ischaemic origin, and there seems to be a link between reduced white matter perfusion and cognitive dysfunction in MS. Third, the pathology of MS might be the consequence of a chronic state of impaired venous drainage from the CNS, for which the term chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been coined. A number of recent vascular studies do not support the CCSVI theory, but some elements of CCSVI might be explained by slower cerebral venous blood flow secondary to the reduced cerebral perfusion in patients with MS compared with healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel D'haeseleer
- Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Stavropoulou C, Zachaki S, Alexoudi A, Chatzi I, Georgakakos VN, Terzoudi GI, Pantelias GE, Karageorgiou CE, Sambani C. The C609T inborn polymorphism in NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 is associated with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis and affects the risk of development of the primary progressive form of the disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:713-8. [PMID: 21605663 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Inactivating polymorphisms of genes encoding detoxification enzymes, such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), could influence susceptibility to MS. To test this hypothesis we performed a case-control study in which we compared the distribution of NQO1 genotypes between 231 MS patients and 380 controls, using both PCR-RFLP and real-time PCR assays. Correlations with MS clinical subtype classification and gender were also evaluated. A significantly higher frequency of the homozygous (T/T) and heterozygous (C/T) NQO1 C(609)T variant genotypes was observed among MS patients compared to controls (P=0.01), with MS patients showing a 1.5-fold increased risk of carrying at least one variant T allele (P=0.009). Interestingly, patients belonging to the primary progressive subgroup exhibited a significantly higher incidence of the heterozygous C/T variant genotype, compared to the other forms of MS (P=0.019). There was no correlation of the NQO1 polymorphism with gender. These results provide the first evidence for a pathogenetic role for the NQO1 C(609)T polymorphism in MS susceptibility and suggest a possible role for the NQO1 genetic background in the development of primary progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysa Stavropoulou
- Laboratory of Health Physics & Environmental Health, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Athens 15310, Greece.
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Moghtaderi A, Hashemi M, Sharafaddinzadeh N, Dabiri S, Moazeni-Roodi A, Ramroodi N, Zolfaghari M. Lack of association between paraoxonase 1 Q192R polymorphism and multiple sclerosis in relapse phase: A case-control study. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:795-8. [PMID: 21545792 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to estimate the serum activity of paraoxonase 1(PON1) and assess the distribution of PON1 polymorphisms in MS patients in the relapse phase. DESIGN AND METHODS PON1 and arylesterase (ARE) serum activities were measured in two equal groups (each group 63 cases) of relapsing-remitting MS patients and healthy individuals. RESULTS Mean values for serum PON1 and ARE activities were 90.3±63.4 and 182.1±128.7IU/L for patients and 99.9±73.3 and 190.8±150.3IU/L for controls. Those values were not statistically significant (p=0.242 and p=0.378), respectively. Comparing genotype distributions and allele frequencies in both groups for PON1 Q192R and PON L55M polymorphisms did not show any statistical difference. CONCLUSION In a selected group of MS patients in relapsing phase no statistically significant difference in PON1 and ARE activities was detected but the mean values for the serum enzyme activities were lower in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Moghtaderi
- Neurology Department, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
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Shi Y, Sun W, McBride JJ, Cheng JX, Shi R. Acrolein induces myelin damage in mammalian spinal cord. J Neurochem 2011; 117:554-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07226.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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van Horssen J, Witte ME, Schreibelt G, de Vries HE. Radical changes in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1812:141-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Paintlia MK, Paintlia AS, Singh AK, Singh I. Synergistic activity of interleukin-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α enhances oxidative stress-mediated oligodendrocyte apoptosis. J Neurochem 2011; 116:508-21. [PMID: 21143599 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Th1 cytokine-induced loss of oligodendrocytes (OLs) is associated with axonal loss in CNS demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS)that contributes to neurological disabilities in affected individuals. Recent studies indicated that, in addition to Th1-phenotype cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Th17 phenotype cytokine, interleukin (IL)-17 also involved in the development of MS. In this study, we investigated the direct effect of IL-17 on the survival of OLs in the presence of TNF-α and individually in vitro settings. Our findings suggest that IL-17 alone, however, was not able to affect the survival of OLs, but it exacerbates the TNF-α-induced OL apoptosis as compared with individual TNF-α treatment. This effect of cytokines was ascribed to an inhibition of cell-survival mechanisms, co-localization of Bid/Bax proteins in the mitochondrial membrane and caspase 8 activation mediated release of apoptosis inducing factor from mitochondria in treated OLs. In addition, cytokine treatment disturbed the mitochondrial membrane potential in OLs with corresponding increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species, which were attenuated by N-acetyl cysteine treatment. In addition, combining of these cytokines induced cell-cycle arrest at G1/S phases in OL-like cells and inhibited the maturation of OL progenitor cells that was attenuated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ/-β agonists. Collectively, these data provide initial evidence that IL-17 exacerbates TNF-α-induced OL loss and inhibits the differentiation of OL progenitor cells suggesting that antioxidant- or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist-based therapies have potential to limit CNS demyelination in MS or other related demyelinating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet K Paintlia
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Habek M, Hojsak I, Brinar VV. Nutrition in multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2010; 112:616-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2010.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Steen C, Wilczak N, Hoogduin JM, Koch M, De Keyser J. Reduced creatine kinase B activity in multiple sclerosis normal appearing white matter. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10811. [PMID: 20520825 PMCID: PMC2876025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two studies using 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) reported enhanced phosphocreatine (PCr) levels in normal appearing white matter (NAWM) of subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS), but this finding could not be properly explained. Methodology/Principal Findings We performed 31P-MRS and 1H-MRS in the NAWM in 36 subjects, including 17 with progressive MS, 9 with benign MS, and 10 healthy controls. Compared to controls, PCr/β-ATP and PCr/total 31P ratios were significantly increased in subjects with progressive MS, but not with benign MS. There was no correlation between PCr ratios and the N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratio, suggesting that elevated PCr levels in NAWM were not secondary to axonal loss. In the central nervous system, PCr is degraded by creatine kinase B (CK-B), which in the white matter is confined to astrocytes. In homogenates of NAWM from 10 subjects with progressive MS and 10 controls without central nervous system disease, we measured CK-B levels with an ELISA, and measured its activity with an enzymatic assay kit. Compared to controls, both CK-B levels and activity were decreased in subjects with MS (22.41 versus 46.28 µg/ml; p = 0.0007, and 2.89 versus 7.76 U/l; p<0.0001). Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that PCr metabolism in the NAWM in MS is impaired due to decreased CK-B levels. Our findings raise the possibility that a defective PCr metabolism in astrocytes might contribute to the degeneration of oligodendrocytes and axons in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Steen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine Wilczak
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M. Hoogduin
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- BCN-Neuroimaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Koch
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques De Keyser
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Tenorio-Laranga J, Coret-Ferrer F, Casanova-Estruch B, Burgal M, García-Horsman JA. Prolyl oligopeptidase is inhibited in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2010; 7:23. [PMID: 20370893 PMCID: PMC2864237 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-7-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex, inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system leading to long-term disability. Recent studies indicate a close association between inflammation and neurodegeneration in all lesions and disease stages of MS. Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) is a proline-specific serine protease that cleaves several neuroactive peptides. This peptidase has been implicated in neurodegeneration, as well as in the modulation of the inflammatory response. Methods We examined plasma POP and the levels of an endogenous POP inhibitor from relapsing remitting MS patients and compared these with healthy controls, by monitoring the fluorescent changes due to standard fluorescently labelled substrate cleavage. We analysed the data in relationship to patient age and disease disability status. Results We observed a significant decrease in POP activity in plasma of relapsing remitting MS patients relative to healthy controls, coupled with an increase of POP endogenous inhibitor. The POP activity was also correlated with patient age and disability status. The lowered POP activity from plasma of MS patients could be rescued by reductants Conclusions The decrease in circulating POP activity measured in MS is reverted by reductants. This suggests that POP inactivation in MS might be a result of the oxidative conditions prevailing in the plasma of the diseased patients. Plasma levels of POP activity as well as those of their endogenous inhibitor are suggested as biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jofre Tenorio-Laranga
- Department of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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Huppert J, Closhen D, Croxford A, White R, Kulig P, Pietrowski E, Bechmann I, Becher B, Luhmann HJ, Waisman A, Kuhlmann CRW. Cellular mechanisms of IL-17-induced blood-brain barrier disruption. FASEB J 2009; 24:1023-34. [PMID: 19940258 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-141978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently T-helper 17 (Th17) cells were demonstrated to disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by the action of IL-17A. The aim of the present study was to examine the mechanisms that underlie IL-17A-induced BBB breakdown. Barrier integrity was analyzed in the murine brain endothelial cell line bEnd.3 by measuring the electrical resistance values using electrical call impedance sensing technology. Furthermore, in-cell Western blots, fluorescence imaging, and monocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration assays were performed. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in C57BL/6 mice. IL-17A induced NADPH oxidase- or xanthine oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The resulting oxidative stress activated the endothelial contractile machinery, which was accompanied by a down-regulation of the tight junction molecule occludin. Blocking either ROS formation or myosin light chain phosphorylation or applying IL-17A-neutralizing antibodies prevented IL-17A-induced BBB disruption. Treatment of mice with EAE using ML-7, an inhibitor of the myosin light chain kinase, resulted in less BBB disruption at the spinal cord and less infiltration of lymphocytes via the BBB and subsequently reduced the clinical characteristics of EAE. These observations indicate that IL-17A accounts for a crucial step in the development of EAE by impairing the integrity of the BBB, involving augmented production of ROS.-Huppert, J., Closhen, D., Croxford, A., White, R., Kulig, P., Pietrowski, E., Bechmann, I., Becher, B., Luhmann, H. J., Waisman, A., Kuhlmann, C. R. W. Cellular mechanisms of IL-17-induced blood-brain barrier disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jula Huppert
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Duesbergweg 6, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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