1
|
Riva N, Domi T, Pozzi L, Lunetta C, Schito P, Spinelli EG, Cabras S, Matteoni E, Consonni M, Bella ED, Agosta F, Filippi M, Calvo A, Quattrini A. Update on recent advances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol 2024; 271:4693-4723. [PMID: 38802624 PMCID: PMC11233360 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In the last few years, our understanding of disease molecular mechanisms underpinning ALS has advanced greatly, allowing the first steps in translating into clinical practice novel research findings, including gene therapy approaches. Similarly, the recent advent of assistive technologies has greatly improved the possibility of a more personalized approach to supportive and symptomatic care, in the context of an increasingly complex multidisciplinary line of actions, which remains the cornerstone of ALS management. Against this rapidly growing background, here we provide an comprehensive update on the most recent studies that have contributed towards our understanding of ALS pathogenesis, the latest results from clinical trials as well as the future directions for improving the clinical management of ALS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilo Riva
- 3Rd Neurology Unit and Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Fondazione IRCCS "Carlo Besta" Neurological Insitute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Teuta Domi
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Pozzi
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Lunetta
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Neurorehabilitation Unit of Milan Institute, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Paride Schito
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Gioele Spinelli
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Cabras
- ALS Centre, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin; SC Neurologia 1U, AOU città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Matteoni
- ALS Centre, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin; SC Neurologia 1U, AOU città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Consonni
- 3Rd Neurology Unit and Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Fondazione IRCCS "Carlo Besta" Neurological Insitute, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Dalla Bella
- 3Rd Neurology Unit and Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Fondazione IRCCS "Carlo Besta" Neurological Insitute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Agosta
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute Huniversity, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute Huniversity, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Calvo
- ALS Centre, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin; SC Neurologia 1U, AOU città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fukuda H, Mizuguchi T, Doi H, Kameyama S, Kunii M, Joki H, Takahashi T, Komiya H, Sasaki M, Miyaji Y, Ohori S, Koshimizu E, Uchiyama Y, Tsuchida N, Fujita A, Hamanaka K, Misawa K, Miyatake S, Tanaka F, Matsumoto N. Long-read sequencing revealing intragenic deletions in exome-negative spastic paraplegias. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:689-697. [PMID: 37308565 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-023-01170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness in the lower extremities. To date, a total of 88 types of SPG are known. To diagnose HSP, multiple technologies, including microarray, direct sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and short-read next-generation sequencing, are often chosen based on the frequency of HSP subtypes. Exome sequencing (ES) is commonly used. We used ES to analyze ten cases of HSP from eight families. We identified pathogenic variants in three cases (from three different families); however, we were unable to determine the cause of the other seven cases using ES. We therefore applied long-read sequencing to the seven undetermined HSP cases (from five families). We detected intragenic deletions within the SPAST gene in four families, and a deletion within PSEN1 in the remaining family. The size of the deletion ranged from 4.7 to 12.5 kb and involved 1-7 exons. All deletions were entirely included in one long read. We retrospectively performed an ES-based copy number variation analysis focusing on pathogenic deletions, but were not able to accurately detect these deletions. This study demonstrated the efficiency of long-read sequencing in detecting intragenic pathogenic deletions in ES-negative HSP patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Fukuda
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kameyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Misako Kunii
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hideto Joki
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 245-8575, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 245-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Komiya
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mei Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Yokohama Minami Kyosai Hospital, Yokohama, 236-0037, Japan
| | - Yosuke Miyaji
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ohori
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, 252-0375, Japan
| | - Eriko Koshimizu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuri Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Naomi Tsuchida
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kohei Hamanaka
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Misawa
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, 1-4-1 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0027, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cores Bartolomé C, Rubio Nazábal E, Sobrido MJ, Pérez Sousa C. SPG46 spastic paraplegia due to GBA2 variation: description of the first case in Spain. Neurologia 2023:S2173-5808(23)00011-1. [PMID: 37031796 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Cores Bartolomé
- Servicio de Neurología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Coruña, Spain.
| | - E Rubio Nazábal
- Servicio de Neurología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Coruña, Spain
| | - M J Sobrido
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Servicio Galego de Saúde, Coruña, Spain
| | - C Pérez Sousa
- Servicio de Neurología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Coruña, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Paraparesia espástica SPG-46 por mutación de GBA2: a propósito del primer caso descrito en España. Neurologia 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
5
|
The Puzzle of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia: From Epidemiology to Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147665. [PMID: 35887006 PMCID: PMC9321931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited neurodegenerative pathology characterized by lower muscle tone and increasing spasticity in the lower limbs is termed hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). HSP is associated with changes in about 80 genes and their products involved in various biochemical pathways, such as lipid droplet formation, endoplasmic reticulum shaping, axon transport, endosome trafficking, and mitochondrial function. With the inheritance patterns of autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked recessive, and mitochondrial inheritance, HSP is prevalent around the globe at a rate of 1–5 cases in every 100,000 individuals. Recent technology and medical interventions somewhat aid in recognizing and managing the malaise. However, HSP still lacks an appropriate and adequate therapeutic approach. Current therapies are based on the clinical manifestations observed in the patients, for example, smoothing the relaxant spastic muscle and physiotherapies. The limited clinical trial studies contribute to the absence of specific pharmaceuticals for HSPs. Our current work briefly explains the causative genes, epidemiology, underlying mechanism, and the management approach undertaken to date. We have also mentioned the latest approved drugs to summarise the available knowledge on therapeutic strategies for HSP.
Collapse
|
6
|
Shi Y, Wang A, Chen B, Wang X, Niu S, Li W, Li S, Zhang Z. Clinical Features and Genetic Spectrum of Patients With Clinically Suspected Hereditary Progressive Spastic Paraplegia. Front Neurol 2022; 13:872927. [PMID: 35572931 PMCID: PMC9097539 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.872927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose A variety of hereditary diseases overlap with neurological phenotypes or even share genes with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). The aim of this study was to determine the clinical features and genetic spectrum of patients with clinically suspected HSPs. Methods A total of 52 patients with clinically suspected HSPs were enrolled in this study. All the patients underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS) and triplet repeat primed PCR to screen for the dynamic mutations typical of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was further conducted in patients with no causative genetic mutations detected to examine for large deletions and duplications in genes of SPAST, ATL1, REEP1, PGN, and SPG11. Clinical characteristics and findings of brain MRI were analyzed in patients with definite diagnoses. Results The mean age of the patients studied was 36.90 ± 14.57 years. 75% (39/52) of patients manifested a phenotype of complex form of HSPs. A genetic diagnosis was made in 51.9% (27/52) of patients, of whom 40.3% (21/52) of patients had mutations in HSPs genes (SPG4/SPG6/SPG8/SPG11/SPG15/SPG78/SPG5A) and 11.5% (6/52) of patients had mutations in SCAs genes (SCA3/SCA17/SCA28). SPG4 and SPG11 were the most common cause of pure form of HSPs (5/6, 83.3%) and complex form of HSPs (5/15, 33.3%), respectively. Gait disturbance was the most common initial symptom in both the patients with HSPs (15/21) and in patients with SCAs (5/6). Dysarthria and cerebellar ataxia were detected in 28.5% (6/21) and 23.8% (5/21) of patients with HSPs, respectively, and were the most common symptoms in addition to progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs. Cerebellar atrophy was seen on the brain MRI of patients with SPG5A, SCA3, and SCA28. Conclusion Causative genetic mutations were identified in 51.9% of patients with clinically suspected HSPs by NGS and triplet repeat primed PCR. A final diagnosis of HSPs or SCAs was made in 40.3% and 11.5% of patients, respectively. The clinical manifestations and neuroimaging findings overlapped between patients with HSPs and patients with SCAs. Dynamic mutations should be screened in patients with clinically suspected HSPs, especially in those with phenotypes of complex form of HSPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Shi
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - An Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Songtao Niu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Monogenic Disease Research Center for Neurological Disorders & Precision Medicine Research Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaowu Li
- Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zaiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Byrne DJ, Garcia-Pardo ME, Cole NB, Batnasan B, Heneghan S, Sohail A, Blackstone C, O'Sullivan NC. Liver X receptor-agonist treatment rescues degeneration in a Drosophila model of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:40. [PMID: 35346366 PMCID: PMC8961908 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of inherited, progressive neurodegenerative conditions characterised by prominent lower-limb spasticity and weakness, caused by a length-dependent degeneration of the longest corticospinal upper motor neurons. While more than 80 spastic paraplegia genes (SPGs) have been identified, many cases arise from mutations in genes encoding proteins which generate and maintain tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane organisation. The ER-shaping proteins are essential for the health and survival of long motor neurons, however the mechanisms by which mutations in these genes cause the axonopathy observed in HSP have not been elucidated. To further develop our understanding of the ER-shaping proteins, this study outlines the generation of novel in vivo and in vitro models, using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to knockout the ER-shaping protein ADP-ribosylation factor-like 6 interacting protein 1 (ARL6IP1), mutations in which give rise to the HSP subtype SPG61. Loss of Arl6IP1 in Drosophila results in progressive locomotor deficits, emulating a key aspect of HSP in patients. ARL6IP1 interacts with ER-shaping proteins and is required for regulating the organisation of ER tubules, particularly within long motor neuron axons. Unexpectedly, we identified physical and functional interactions between ARL6IP1 and the phospholipid transporter oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 8 in both human and Drosophila model systems, pointing to a conserved role for ARL6IP1 in lipid homeostasis. Furthermore, loss of Arl6IP1 from Drosophila neurons results in a cell non-autonomous accumulation of lipid droplets in axonal glia. Importantly, treatment with lipid regulating liver X receptor-agonists blocked lipid droplet accumulation, restored axonal ER organisation, and improved locomotor function in Arl6IP1 knockout Drosophila. Our findings indicate that disrupted lipid homeostasis contributes to neurodegeneration in HSP, identifying a potential novel therapeutic avenue for the treatment of this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dwayne J Byrne
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Cell Biology Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - M Elena Garcia-Pardo
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nelson B Cole
- Cell Biology Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Belguun Batnasan
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sophia Heneghan
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Anood Sohail
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Craig Blackstone
- Cell Biology Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Niamh C O'Sullivan
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031697. [PMID: 35163618 PMCID: PMC8835766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with the predominant clinical manifestation of spasticity in the lower extremities. HSP is categorised based on inheritance, the phenotypic characters, and the mode of molecular pathophysiology, with frequent degeneration in the axon of cervical and thoracic spinal cord’s lateral region, comprising the corticospinal routes. The prevalence ranges from 0.1 to 9.6 subjects per 100,000 reported around the globe. Though modern medical interventions help recognize and manage the disorder, the symptomatic measures remain below satisfaction. The present review assimilates the available data on HSP and lists down the chromosomes involved in its pathophysiology and the mutations observed in the respective genes on the chromosomes. It also sheds light on the treatment available along with the oral/intrathecal medications, physical therapies, and surgical interventions. Finally, we have discussed the related diagnostic techniques as well as the linked pharmacogenomics studies under future perspectives.
Collapse
|
9
|
Hereditary spastic paraparesis: The real-world experience from a Neurogenetics outpatient clinic. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
10
|
Clinical and molecular characterization of a large cohort of childhood onset hereditary spastic paraplegias. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22248. [PMID: 34782662 PMCID: PMC8593146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to characterize clinical and molecular data of a large cohort of subjects with childhood-onset hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs). A multicenter historical cohort was performed at five centers in Brazil, in which probands and affected relatives' data from consecutive families with childhood-onset HSP (onset < 12 years-old) were reviewed from 2011 to 2020. One hundred and six individuals (83 families) with suspicion of childhood-onset HSP were evaluated, being 68 (50 families) with solved genetic diagnosis, 6 (5 families) with candidate variants in HSP-related genes and 32 (28 families) with unsolved genetic diagnosis. The most common childhood-onset subtype was SPG4, 11/50 (22%) families with solved genetic diagnosis; followed by SPG3A, 8/50 (16%). Missense pathogenic variants in SPAST were found in 54.5% of probands, favoring the association of this type of variant to childhood-onset SPG4. Survival curves to major handicap and cross-sectional Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale progressions confirmed the slow neurological deterioration in SPG4 and SPG3A. Most common complicating features and twenty variants not previously described in HSP-related genes were reported. These results are fundamental to understand the molecular and clinical epidemiology of childhood-onset HSP, which might help on differential diagnosis, patient care and guiding future collaborative trials for these rare diseases.
Collapse
|
11
|
Morgan NV, Yngvadottir B, O'Driscoll M, Clark GR, Walsh D, Martin E, Tee L, Reid E, Titheradge HL, Maher ER. Evidence that autosomal recessive spastic cerebral palsy-1 (CPSQ1) is caused by a missense variant in HPDL. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab002. [PMID: 33634263 PMCID: PMC7892364 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A subset of individuals diagnosed with cerebral palsy will have an underlying genetic diagnosis. Previously, a missense variant in GAD1 was described as a candidate mutation in a single family diagnosed with autosomal recessive spastic cerebral palsy-1 (CPSQ1; OMIM 603513). Following the ascertainment of a further branch of the CPSQ1 kindred, we found that the previously reported GAD1 variant did not segregate with the neurological disease phenotype in the recently ascertained branch of the kindred. Following genetic linkage studies to map autozygous regions and whole-exome sequencing, a missense variant (c.527 T > C; p. Leu176Pro, rs773333490) in the HPDL gene was detected and found to segregate with disease status in both branches of the kindred. HPDL encodes a 371-amino acid protein (4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Like) that localizes to mitochondria but whose function is uncertain. Recently, biallelic loss of function variants and missense substitution-causing variants in HPDL were reported to cause a childhood onset progressive spastic movement disorder with a variable presentation. These findings suggest that HPDL-related neurological disease may mimic spastic cerebral palsy and that GAD1 should not be included in diagnostic gene panels for inherited cerebral palsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil V Morgan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Bryndis Yngvadottir
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Mary O'Driscoll
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Graeme R Clark
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Diana Walsh
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Ezequiel Martin
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.,Oncology Department, Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Louise Tee
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Evan Reid
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.,Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Hannah L Titheradge
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Application of a Clinical Workflow May Lead to Increased Diagnostic Precision in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias and Cerebellar Ataxias: A Single Center Experience. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020246. [PMID: 33669240 PMCID: PMC7919782 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular characterization of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias (HSP) and inherited cerebellar ataxias (CA) is challenged by their clinical and molecular heterogeneity. The recent application of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies is increasing the diagnostic rate, which can be influenced by patients’ selection. To assess if a clinical diagnosis of CA/HSP received in a third-level reference center might impact the molecular diagnostic yield, we retrospectively evaluated the molecular diagnostic rate reached in our center on 192 unrelated families (90 HSP and 102 CA) (i) before NGS and (ii) with the use of NGS gene panels. Overall, 46.3% of families received a genetic diagnosis by first-tier individual gene screening: 43.3% HSP and 50% spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA). The diagnostic rate was 56.7% in AD-HSP, 55.5% in AR-HSP, and 21.2% in sporadic HSP. On the other hand, 75% AD-, 52% AR- and 33% sporadic CA were diagnosed. So far, 32 patients (24 CA and 8 HSP) were further assessed by NGS gene panels, and 34.4% were diagnosed, including 29.2% CA and 50% HSP patients. Eleven novel gene variants classified as (likely) pathogenic were identified. Our results support the role of experienced clinicians in the diagnostic assessment and the clinical research of CA and HSP even in the next generation era.
Collapse
|
13
|
Murala S, Nagarajan E, Bollu PC. Hereditary spastic paraplegia. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:883-894. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
14
|
Breiden B, Sandhoff K. Mechanism of Secondary Ganglioside and Lipid Accumulation in Lysosomal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072566. [PMID: 32272755 PMCID: PMC7178057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliosidoses are caused by monogenic defects of a specific hydrolase or an ancillary sphingolipid activator protein essential for a specific step in the catabolism of gangliosides. Such defects in lysosomal function cause a primary accumulation of multiple undegradable gangliosides and glycosphingolipids. In reality, however, predominantly small gangliosides also accumulate in many lysosomal diseases as secondary storage material without any known defect in their catabolic pathway. In recent reconstitution experiments, we identified primary storage materials like sphingomyelin, cholesterol, lysosphingolipids, and chondroitin sulfate as strong inhibitors of sphingolipid activator proteins (like GM2 activator protein, saposin A and B), essential for the catabolism of many gangliosides and glycosphingolipids, as well as inhibitors of specific catabolic steps in lysosomal ganglioside catabolism and cholesterol turnover. In particular, they trigger a secondary accumulation of ganglioside GM2, glucosylceramide and cholesterol in Niemann–Pick disease type A and B, and of GM2 and glucosylceramide in Niemann–Pick disease type C. Chondroitin sulfate effectively inhibits GM2 catabolism in mucopolysaccharidoses like Hurler, Hunter, Sanfilippo, and Sly syndrome and causes a secondary neuronal ganglioside GM2 accumulation, triggering neurodegeneration. Secondary ganglioside and lipid accumulation is furthermore known in many more lysosomal storage diseases, so far without known molecular basis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Tu Y, Zhao L, Billadeau DD, Jia D. Endosome-to-TGN Trafficking: Organelle-Vesicle and Organelle-Organelle Interactions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:163. [PMID: 32258039 PMCID: PMC7093645 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrograde transport from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) diverts proteins and lipids away from lysosomal degradation. It is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and signaling. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in understanding this classical pathway, revealing new insights into multiple steps of vesicular trafficking as well as critical roles of ER-endosome contacts for endosomal trafficking. In this review, we summarize up-to-date knowledge about this trafficking pathway, in particular, mechanisms of cargo recognition at endosomes and vesicle tethering at the TGN, and contributions of ER-endosome contacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daniel D. Billadeau
- Division of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Naef V, Mero S, Fichi G, D'Amore A, Ogi A, Gemignani F, Santorelli FM, Marchese M. Swimming in Deep Water: Zebrafish Modeling of Complicated Forms of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia and Spastic Ataxia. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1311. [PMID: 31920481 PMCID: PMC6914767 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and hereditary ataxia (HA) are two groups of disorders characterized, respectively, by progressive dysfunction or degeneration of the pyramidal tracts (HSP) and of the Purkinje cells and spinocerebellar tracts (HA). Although HSP and HA are generally shown to have distinct clinical-genetic profiles, in several cases the clinical presentation, the causative genes, and the cellular pathways and mechanisms involved overlap between the two forms. Genetic analyses in humans in combination with in vitro and in vivo studies using model systems have greatly expanded our knowledge of spinocerebellar degenerative disorders. In this review, we focus on the zebrafish (Danio rerio), a vertebrate model widely used in biomedical research since its overall nervous system organization is similar to that of humans. A critical analysis of the literature suggests that zebrafish could serve as a powerful experimental tool for molecular and genetic dissection of both HA and HSP. The zebrafish, found to be very useful for demonstrating the causal relationship between defect and mutation, also offers a useful platform to exploit for the development of therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Naef
- Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Mero
- Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Fichi
- Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.,Struttura Complessa Toscana Sud (Sede Grosseto), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Toscana M. Aleandri, Grosseto, Italy
| | - Angelica D'Amore
- Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Asahi Ogi
- Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Marchese
- Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Allison R, Edgar JR, Reid E. Spastin MIT Domain Disease-Associated Mutations Disrupt Lysosomal Function. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1179. [PMID: 31787869 PMCID: PMC6856053 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are genetic motor neuron diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of corticospinal tract axons. Mutations in SPAST, encoding the microtubule-severing ATPase spastin, are the most common causes of HSP. The broad SPAST mutational spectrum indicates a haploinsufficiency pathogenic mechanism in most cases. Most missense mutations cluster in the ATPase domain, where they disrupt the protein's ability to sever microtubules. However, several putative missense mutations in the protein's microtubule interacting and trafficking (MIT) domain have also been described, but the pathogenicity of these mutations has not been verified with functional studies. Spastin promotes endosomal tubule fission, and defects in this lead to lysosomal enzyme mistrafficking and downstream lysosomal abnormalities. We investigated the function of three disease-associated spastin MIT mutants and found that none was able to promote normal endosomal tubule fission, lysosomal enzyme receptor trafficking, or lysosomal morphology. One of the mutations affected recruitment of spastin to endosomes, a property that requires the canonical function of the MIT domain in binding endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-III proteins. However, the other mutants did not affect spastin's endosomal recruitment, raising the possibility of pathologically important non-canonical roles for the MIT domain. In conclusion, we demonstrate that spastin MIT mutants cause functional abnormalities related to the pathogenesis of HSP. These mutations do not directly affect spastin's microtubule-severing capacity, and so we identify a new molecular pathological mechanism by which spastin mutations may cause disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Allison
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James R Edgar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Evan Reid
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mutations in MTHFR and POLG impaired activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in 46-year-old twins with spastic paraparesis. J Hum Genet 2019; 65:91-98. [PMID: 31645654 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0689-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are characterized by lower extremity spasticity and weakness. HSP is often caused by mutations in SPG genes, but it may also be produced by inborn errors of metabolism. We performed next-generation sequencing of 4813 genes in one adult twin pair with HSP and severe muscular weakness occurring at the same age. We found two pathogenic compound heterozygous variants in MTHFR, including a variant not referenced in international databases, c.197C>T (p.Pro66Leu) and a known variant, c.470G>A (p.Arg157Gln), and two heterozygous pathogenic variants in POLG, c.1760C>T (p.Pro587Leu) and c.752C>T (p.Thr251Ile). MTHFR and POLG mutations were consistent with the severe muscle weakness and the metabolic changes, including hyperhomocysteinemia and decreased activity of both N(5,10)methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and complexes I and II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. These data suggest the potential role of MTHFR and POLG mutations through consequences on mitochondrial dysfunction in the occurrence of spastic paraparesis phenotype with combined metabolic, muscular, and neurological components.
Collapse
|
19
|
Hereditary spastic paraplegia: from diagnosis to emerging therapeutic approaches. Lancet Neurol 2019; 18:1136-1146. [PMID: 31377012 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) describes a heterogeneous group of genetic neurodegenerative diseases characterised by progressive spasticity of the lower limbs. The pathogenic mechanism, associated clinical features, and imaging abnormalities vary substantially according to the affected gene and differentiating HSP from other genetic diseases associated with spasticity can be challenging. Next generation sequencing-based gene panels are now widely available but have limitations and a molecular diagnosis is not made in most suspected cases. Symptomatic management continues to evolve but with a greater understanding of the pathophysiological basis of individual HSP subtypes there are emerging opportunities to provide targeted molecular therapies and personalised medicine.
Collapse
|
20
|
Nicita F, Stregapede F, Tessa A, Bassi MT, Jezela-Stanek A, Primiano G, Pizzuti A, Barghigiani M, Nardella M, Zanni G, Servidei S, Astrea G, Panzeri E, Maghini C, Losito L, Ploski R, Gasperowicz P, Santorelli FM, Bertini E, Travaglini L. Defining the clinical-genetic and neuroradiological features in SPG54: description of eight additional cases and nine novel DDHD2 variants. J Neurol 2019; 266:2657-2664. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
21
|
Newton T, Allison R, Edgar JR, Lumb JH, Rodger CE, Manna PT, Rizo T, Kohl Z, Nygren AOH, Arning L, Schüle R, Depienne C, Goldberg L, Frahm C, Stevanin G, Durr A, Schöls L, Winner B, Beetz C, Reid E. Mechanistic basis of an epistatic interaction reducing age at onset in hereditary spastic paraplegia. Brain 2019; 141:1286-1299. [PMID: 29481671 PMCID: PMC5917785 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many genetic neurological disorders exhibit variable expression within affected families, often exemplified by variations in disease age at onset. Epistatic effects (i.e. effects of modifier genes on the disease gene) may underlie this variation, but the mechanistic basis for such epistatic interactions is rarely understood. Here we report a novel epistatic interaction between SPAST and the contiguous gene DPY30, which modifies age at onset in hereditary spastic paraplegia, a genetic axonopathy. We found that patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by genomic deletions of SPAST that extended into DPY30 had a significantly younger age at onset. We show that, like spastin, the protein encoded by SPAST, the DPY30 protein controls endosomal tubule fission, traffic of mannose 6-phosphate receptors from endosomes to the Golgi, and lysosomal ultrastructural morphology. We propose that additive effects on this pathway explain the reduced age at onset of hereditary spastic paraplegia in patients who are haploinsufficient for both genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Newton
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel Allison
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - James R Edgar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jennifer H Lumb
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Catherine E Rodger
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul T Manna
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Tania Rizo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zacharias Kohl
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Larissa Arning
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schüle
- Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls-University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christel Depienne
- ICM Brain and Spine Institute, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris VI UMR_S1127, Paris, France.,APHP, Genetic Department, Pitie-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Lisa Goldberg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christiane Frahm
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- ICM Brain and Spine Institute, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris VI UMR_S1127, Paris, France.,APHP, Genetic Department, Pitie-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- ICM Brain and Spine Institute, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris VI UMR_S1127, Paris, France.,APHP, Genetic Department, Pitie-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls-University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Beetz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Evan Reid
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kadnikova VA, Ryzhkova OP, Rudenskaya GE, Polyakov AV. Molecular Genetic Diversity and DNA Diagnostics of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079086419020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
23
|
Rudenskaya GE, Kadnikova VA, Ryzhkova OP. [Common forms of hereditary spastic paraplegias]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:94-104. [PMID: 30874534 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911902194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A group of hereditary spastic paraplegias includes about 80 spastic paraplegia genes (SPG): forms with identified (almost 70) or only mapped (about 10) genes. Methods of next generation sequencing (NGS), along with new SPG discovering, modify knowledge about earlier delineated SPG. Clinical and genetic characteristics of common autosomal dominant (SPG4, SPG3, SPG31) and autosomal recessive (SPG11, SPG7, SPG15) forms are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - V A Kadnikova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - O P Ryzhkova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Boutry M, Morais S, Stevanin G. Update on the Genetics of Spastic Paraplegias. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2019; 19:18. [DOI: 10.1007/s11910-019-0930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
25
|
Ortega RPM, Rosemberg S. Hereditary spastic paraplegia: a clinical and epidemiological study of a Brazilian pediatric population. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2019; 77:10-18. [PMID: 30758437 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20180153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) in a pediatric Brazilian sample. METHODS Epidemiological, clinical, radiological and laboratory data were analyzed in 35 patients. RESULTS Simple HSP (HSP-S) was detected in 12 patients, and complicated HSP (HSP-C) was detected in 23 patients. The mean age of onset of symptoms was 2.9 years in HSP-S and 1.6 years in HSP-C (p = 0.023). The disease was more severe in HSP-C. There were no differences in sex, ethnic background, or family history between groups. Intellectual disability was the most frequent finding associated with HSP-C. Peripheral axonal neuropathy was found in three patients. In the HSP-C group, MRI was abnormal in 13 patients. The MRI abnormalities included nonspecific white matter lesions, cerebellar atrophy, thinning of the corpus callosum and the "ear of the lynx sign". CONCLUSIONS In children with spastic paraplegia, HSP must be considered whenever similar pathologies, mainly diplegic cerebral palsy, are ruled out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sérgio Rosemberg
- Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brasil.,Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rudenskaya GE, Kadnikova VA, Sidorova OP, Beetz C, Illarioshkin SN, Dadaly EL, Proskokova TN, Ryzhkova OP. Hereditary spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4) in Russian patients. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:11-20. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911911111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
27
|
Oh EH, Lee JH, Shin JH, Kim HS, Kim JS, Kim HJ, Choi SY, Choi KD, Zee DS, Choi JH. Patterns and modulations of Pendular nystagmus in a family with hereditary spastic paraplegia. J Neurol Sci 2017; 383:169-173. [PMID: 29246608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower extremities. Additional findings include ataxia, extrapyramidal signs, and dementia. Pendular nystagmus (PN) has been reported in some subtypes of HSP caused by PLP1 (SPG2) or paraplegin (SPG7) mutation. To describe the patterns and modulation of PN in HSP, we performed eye movement recording using video-oculography in a Korean family with HSP and PN. The PN was convergent-divergent in the oblique plane with a frequency of 6 to 7Hz and maximum amplitude at about 1.5°. The nystagmus diminished briefly after blinks and horizontal saccades, and decreased during eccentric gaze and convergence. Horizontal saccades shifted the phase of the oscillations. During lateral gazes, the PN increased in the abducting eye, but decreased in the adducting eye. Vibratory stimuli decreased the nystagmus mostly in the left but not in the right eye. No pathogenic mutation was found in the genetic loci known for causing spastic paraplegia by whole-exome sequencing. The unusual features and modulation of PN in our patients with HSP emphasize the role of disconjugate and disjunctive capabilities of the brain in ocular motor control, and exemplify what can go wrong.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hye Oh
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Shin
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Kim
- Research Administration Team, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Choi
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Dong Choi
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - David S Zee
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jae-Hwan Choi
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Galatolo D, Tessa A, Filla A, Santorelli FM. Clinical application of next generation sequencing in hereditary spinocerebellar ataxia: increasing the diagnostic yield and broadening the ataxia-spasticity spectrum. A retrospective analysis. Neurogenetics 2017; 19:1-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10048-017-0532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
29
|
Bizzari S, Hamzeh AR, Nair P, Mohamed M, Saif F, Aithala G, Al-Ali MT, Bastaki F. Novel SPG20 mutation in an extended family with Troyer syndrome. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:2155-2159. [PMID: 28875386 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Troyer Syndrome (TRS) is a rare autosomal recessive complicated spastic paraplegia disorder characterized by various neurological and musculoskeletal manifestations. Pathogenicity stems from mutations in SPG20 which encodes Spartin, a multifunctional protein that is thought to be essential for neuron viability. Here we report on the clinical and molecular characterization of TRS in five patients from an extended consanguineous family in the United Arab Emirates. Molecular analysis involved Whole Exome Sequencing and Sanger sequencing for identification and confirmation of the causative variant respectively. In silico tools including CADD and Polyphen-2 were used to assess pathogenicity of the variant. The clinical description of these patients included spastic paraparesis, motor and cognitive delay, gait abnormalities, musculoskeletal features, as well as white matter abnormalities and emotional liability. Molecular analysis revealed a novel homozygous missense mutation in SPG20 (c.1324G > C; p.Ala442Pro) occurring at an evolutionarily conserved residue in the Plant-Related Senescence domain of Spartin. The mutation segregated with the clinical phenotype in all patients. In silico algorithms predict the mutation to be disease causing, and the variant had not been previously reported in public or ethnic specific variant repositories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Bizzari
- Centre for Arab Genomic Studies, P.O. Box 22252, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - A R Hamzeh
- Centre for Arab Genomic Studies, P.O. Box 22252, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - P Nair
- Centre for Arab Genomic Studies, P.O. Box 22252, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - M Mohamed
- Pediatric Department, Latifa Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - F Saif
- Pediatric Department, Latifa Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - G Aithala
- Pediatric Department, Latifa Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - M T Al-Ali
- Centre for Arab Genomic Studies, P.O. Box 22252, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - F Bastaki
- Pediatric Department, Latifa Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Burguez D, Polese-Bonatto M, Scudeiro LAJ, Björkhem I, Schöls L, Jardim LB, Matte U, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Siebert M, Saute JAM. Clinical and molecular characterization of hereditary spastic paraplegias: A next-generation sequencing panel approach. J Neurol Sci 2017; 383:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
31
|
Rapidly Progressive White Matter Involvement in Early Childhood: The Expanding Phenotype of Infantile Onset Pompe? JIMD Rep 2017; 39:55-62. [PMID: 28726123 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2017_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen accumulation in the central nervous system of patients with classical infantile onset Pompe disease (IOPD) has been a consistent finding on the few post-mortems performed. While delays in myelination and a possible reduction in processing speed have previously been noted, it has only been recently that the potential for clinically significant progressive white matter disease has been noted. The limited reports thus far published infer that in some IOPD patients, this manifests as intellectual decline in the second decade of life. We present a CRIM negative patient, immunomodulated with rituximab and methotrexate at birth, who despite an initial good clinical response to ERT, at the age of just under 4 years, presented with evolving spasticity in the lower limbs. The investigation of which revealed progressive central nervous system involvement. Given both the earlier onset of the symptoms and consanguineous familial pedigree, extensive biochemical and genetic investigation was undertaken to ensure no alternative pathology was elucidated. In light of these findings, we review the radiology and post-mortems of previous cases and discuss the potential mechanisms that may underlie this presentation.
Collapse
|
32
|
Allison R, Edgar JR, Pearson G, Rizo T, Newton T, Günther S, Berner F, Hague J, Connell JW, Winkler J, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Beetz C, Winner B, Reid E. Defects in ER-endosome contacts impact lysosome function in hereditary spastic paraplegia. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1337-1355. [PMID: 28389476 PMCID: PMC5412567 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201609033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a genetically heterogeneous disease caused by mutations in many genes, including those encoding spastin, strumpellin, or REEP1. Allison et al. show that similar lysosomal phenotypes are associated with mutations in different classes of HSP proteins and suggest that defective ER–endosome contacts and endosome tubule fission may be a common cause of axon degeneration in the disease. Contacts between endosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) promote endosomal tubule fission, but the mechanisms involved and consequences of tubule fission failure are incompletely understood. We found that interaction between the microtubule-severing enzyme spastin and the ESCRT protein IST1 at ER–endosome contacts drives endosomal tubule fission. Failure of fission caused defective sorting of mannose 6-phosphate receptor, with consequently disrupted lysosomal enzyme trafficking and abnormal lysosomal morphology, including in mouse primary neurons and human stem cell–derived neurons. Consistent with a role for ER-mediated endosomal tubule fission in lysosome function, similar lysosomal abnormalities were seen in cellular models lacking the WASH complex component strumpellin or the ER morphogen REEP1. Mutations in spastin, strumpellin, or REEP1 cause hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), a disease characterized by axonal degeneration. Our results implicate failure of the ER–endosome contact process in axonopathy and suggest that coupling of ER-mediated endosomal tubule fission to lysosome function links different classes of HSP proteins, previously considered functionally distinct, into a unifying pathway for axonal degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Allison
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK
| | - James R Edgar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK
| | - Guy Pearson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK
| | - Tania Rizo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Junior Research Group III and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Research Group Neuroscience, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timothy Newton
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK
| | - Sven Günther
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Fiamma Berner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK
| | - Jennifer Hague
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK
| | - James W Connell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Beetz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Junior Research Group III and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Research Group Neuroscience, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Evan Reid
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK .,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Iqbal Z, Rydning SL, Wedding IM, Koht J, Pihlstrøm L, Rengmark AH, Henriksen SP, Tallaksen CME, Toft M. Targeted high throughput sequencing in hereditary ataxia and spastic paraplegia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174667. [PMID: 28362824 PMCID: PMC5375131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary ataxia and spastic paraplegia are heterogeneous monogenic neurodegenerative disorders. To date, a large number of individuals with such disorders remain undiagnosed. Here, we have assessed molecular diagnosis by gene panel sequencing in 105 early and late-onset hereditary ataxia and spastic paraplegia probands, in whom extensive previous investigations had failed to identify the genetic cause of disease. Pathogenic and likely-pathogenic variants were identified in 20 probands (19%) and variants of uncertain significance in ten probands (10%). Together these accounted for 30 probands (29%) and involved 18 different genes. Among several interesting findings, dominantly inherited KIF1A variants, p.(Val8Met) and p.(Ile27Thr) segregated in two independent families, both presenting with a pure spastic paraplegia phenotype. Two homozygous missense variants, p.(Gly4230Ser) and p.(Leu4221Val) were found in SACS in one consanguineous family, presenting with spastic ataxia and isolated cerebellar atrophy. The average disease duration in probands with pathogenic and likely-pathogenic variants was 31 years, ranging from 4 to 51 years. In conclusion, this study confirmed and expanded the clinical phenotypes associated with known disease genes. The results demonstrate that gene panel sequencing and similar sequencing approaches can serve as efficient diagnostic tools for different heterogeneous disorders. Early use of such strategies may help to reduce both costs and time of the diagnostic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Siri L. Rydning
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Iselin M. Wedding
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeanette Koht
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Lasse Pihlstrøm
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Chantal M. E. Tallaksen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathias Toft
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Elsaid MF, Ibrahim K, Chalhoub N, Elsotouhy A, El Mudehki N, Abdel Aleem A. NT5C2 novel splicing variant expands the phenotypic spectrum of Spastic Paraplegia (SPG45): case report of a new member of thin corpus callosum SPG-Subgroup. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:33. [PMID: 28327087 PMCID: PMC5359868 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) is a genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases. Thin Corpus Callosum (TCC) associated HSP is a distinguished subgroup of complex forms. Purines and pyrimidine, the basic DNA and RNA components, are regulating the cell metabolism, having roles in signal transduction, energy preservation and cellular repair. Genetic defects in nucleotide metabolism related genes have been only recently implicated in brain and neurodegenerative diseases’ pathogenesis. Case presentation We present a consanguineous Qatari family with two brothers, 9 and 3 years, who displayed a characteristic phenotype of early onset and markedly-severe spasticity with tiptoe walking, delayed dysarthric speech, persistent truncal hypotonia, and multiple variable-sized areas of brownish skin discoloration appearing at different places on the body. A clinical diagnosis suggestive of complex hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) was set after the family had the second affected child. Whole genome sequencing identified a novel homozygous NT5C2 splice site mutation (NM_012229.4/NM_001134373.2: c.1159 + 1G > T) that recessively segregated in family members. Brain MRI revealed dysgenic and thin corpus callosum (TCC) with peri-trigonal white matter cystic changes in both affected boys, whereas a well-developed corpus callosum with normal white matter was shown in their apparently normal brother, who found to be a carrier for the mutant variant. This mutation led to skipping of exon 14 with removal of 58 amino acid residues at the C-terminal half. The aberrantly spliced NT5C2 showed substantial reduction in expression level in the in-vitro study, indicating marked instability of the mutant NT5C2 protein. Conclusion The present report expands the phenotypic spectrum of SPG45 and confirms NT5C2-SPG45 as a member of the rare TCC SPG-subtypes. Homozygous alteration in NT5C2 seems essential to produce central white matter developmental defects. The study highlights the importance of cytosolic II 5’-nucleotidase (NT5C2) in maintaining the normal balance of purines’ pool in the brain, which seems to play a pivotal role in the normal development of central white matter structures. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-017-0395-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud F Elsaid
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Ibrahim
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nader Chalhoub
- Neurogenetics Research program, Neurology Department, Weill Cornell Medical College, Qatar Foundation- Education City, 24144, Doha, Qatar.,Neurology Department, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Ahmed Elsotouhy
- Radiology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Noora El Mudehki
- Physiotherapy Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alice Abdel Aleem
- Neurogenetics Research program, Neurology Department, Weill Cornell Medical College, Qatar Foundation- Education City, 24144, Doha, Qatar. .,Neurology Department, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Large Intragenic Deletion in DSTYK Underlies Autosomal-Recessive Complicated Spastic Paraparesis, SPG23. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 100:364-370. [PMID: 28157540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
SPG23 is an autosomal-recessive neurodegenerative subtype of lower limb spastic paraparesis with additional diffuse skin and hair dyspigmentation at birth followed by further patchy pigment loss during childhood. Previously, genome-wide linkage in an Arab-Israeli pedigree mapped the gene to an approximately 25 cM locus on chromosome 1q24-q32. By using whole-exome sequencing in a further Palestinian-Jordanian SPG23 pedigree, we identified a complex homozygous 4-kb deletion/20-bp insertion in DSTYK (dual serine-threonine and tyrosine protein kinase) in all four affected family members. DSTYK is located within the established linkage region and we also found the same mutation in the previously reported pedigree and another Israeli pedigree (total of ten affected individuals from three different families). The mutation removes the last two exons and part of the 3' UTR of DSTYK. Skin biopsies revealed reduced DSTYK protein levels along with focal loss of melanocytes. Ultrastructurally, swollen mitochondria and cytoplasmic vacuoles were also noted in remaining melanocytes and some keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts from an affected individual, as well as knockdown of Dstyk in mouse melanocytes, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts, were associated with increased cell death after ultraviolet irradiation. Keratinocytes from an affected individual showed loss of kinase activity upon stimulation with fibroblast growth factor. Previously, dominant mutations in DSTYK were implicated in congenital urological developmental disorders, but our study identifies different phenotypic consequences for a recurrent autosomal-recessive deletion mutation in revealing the genetic basis of SPG23.
Collapse
|
36
|
Matilla-Dueñas A, Corral-Juan M, Rodríguez-Palmero Seuma A, Vilas D, Ispierto L, Morais S, Sequeiros J, Alonso I, Volpini V, Serrano-Munuera C, Pintos-Morell G, Álvarez R, Sánchez I. Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases: Clinical and Genetic Update. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1031:443-496. [PMID: 29214587 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67144-4_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
More than 600 human disorders afflict the nervous system. Of these, neurodegenerative diseases are usually characterised by onset in late adulthood, progressive clinical course, and neuronal loss with regional specificity in the central nervous system. They include Alzheimer's disease and other less frequent dementias, brain cancer, degenerative nerve diseases, encephalitis, epilepsy, genetic brain disorders, head and brain malformations, hydrocephalus, stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig's Disease), Huntington's disease, and Prion diseases, among others. Neurodegeneration usually affects, but is not limited to, the cerebral cortex, intracranial white matter, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Although the majority of neurodegenerative diseases are sporadic, Mendelian inheritance is well documented. Intriguingly, the clinical presentations and neuropathological findings in inherited neurodegenerative forms are often indistinguishable from those of sporadic cases, suggesting that converging genomic signatures and pathophysiologic mechanisms underlie both hereditary and sporadic neurodegenerative diseases. Unfortunately, effective therapies for these diseases are scarce to non-existent. In this chapter, we highlight the clinical and genetic features associated with the rare inherited forms of neurodegenerative diseases, including ataxias, multiple system atrophy, spastic paraplegias, Parkinson's disease, dementias, motor neuron diseases, and rare metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Matilla-Dueñas
- Functional and Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias-IGTP, Can Ruti Campus, Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marc Corral-Juan
- Functional and Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias-IGTP, Can Ruti Campus, Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustí Rodríguez-Palmero Seuma
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTP) and Health Sciences Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Ctra. de Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Vilas
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Neurology Service and Neurosciences Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTP), Ctra. de Canyet s/n, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ispierto
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Neurology Service and Neurosciences Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTP), Ctra. de Canyet s/n, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Morais
- IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Sequeiros
- IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Alonso
- IBMC - Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Víctor Volpini
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Serrano-Munuera
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital St. Joan de Déu, Martorell, Spain.,Manresa University, Martorell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Pintos-Morell
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTP) and Health Sciences Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, Ctra. de Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramiro Álvarez
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Neurology Service and Neurosciences Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTP), Ctra. de Canyet s/n, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivelisse Sánchez
- Functional Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Functional and Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias-IGTP, Can Ruti Campus, Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kumar KR, Wali GM, Kamate M, Wali G, Minoche AE, Puttick C, Pinese M, Gayevskiy V, Dinger ME, Roscioli T, Sue CM, Cowley MJ. Defining the genetic basis of early onset hereditary spastic paraplegia using whole genome sequencing. Neurogenetics 2016; 17:265-270. [PMID: 27679996 PMCID: PMC5061846 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-016-0495-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) in nine families from India with early-onset hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). We obtained a genetic diagnosis in 4/9 (44 %) families within known HSP genes (DDHD2 and CYP2U1), as well as perixosomal biogenesis disorders (PEX16) and GM1 gangliosidosis (GLB1). In the remaining patients, no candidate structural variants, copy number variants or predicted splice variants affecting an extended candidate gene list were identified. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of using WGS for diagnosing early-onset HSP, particularly in consanguineous families (4/6 diagnosed), highlighting that two of the diagnoses would not have been made using a targeted approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kishore R Kumar
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, 2065, Australia. .,Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.
| | - G M Wali
- Neurospecialities Centre, Belgaum, India
| | - Mahesh Kamate
- Department of Paediatrics, KLE University's Jawaharlal Nehru J N Medical College, Belgaum, India
| | - Gautam Wali
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, 2065, Australia
| | - André E Minoche
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Clare Puttick
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Mark Pinese
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Velimir Gayevskiy
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tony Roscioli
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, 2065, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Medical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Carolyn M Sue
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, 2065, Australia
| | - Mark J Cowley
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Novel Homozygous Missense Mutation in SPG20 Gene Results in Troyer Syndrome Associated with Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase Deficiency. JIMD Rep 2016; 33:55-60. [PMID: 27539578 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2016_580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Troyer syndrome is an autosomal recessive form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) caused by deleterious mutations in the SPG20 gene. Although the disease is associated with a loss of function mechanism of spartin, the protein encoded by SPG20, the precise pathogenesis is yet to be elucidated. Recent data indicated an important role for spartin in both mitochondrial maintenance and function. Here we report a child presenting with progressive spastic paraparesis, generalized muscle weakness, dysarthria, impaired growth, and severe isolated decrease in muscle cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity. Whole exome sequencing identified the homozygous c.988A>G variant in SPG20 gene (p.Met330Val) resulting in almost complete loss of spartin in skeletal muscle. Further analyses demonstrated significant tissue specific reduction of COX 4, a nuclear encoded subunit of COX, in muscle suggesting a role for spartin in proper mitochondrial respiratory chain function mediated by COX activity. Our findings need to be verified in other Troyer syndrome patients in order to classify it as a form of HSP caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
|
39
|
Mészárosová AU, Putzová M, Čermáková M, Vávrová D, Doležalová K, Smetanová I, Stejskal D, Beetz C, Seeman P. SPAST mutation spectrum and familial occurrence among Czech patients with pure hereditary spastic paraplegia. J Hum Genet 2016; 61:845-850. [PMID: 27334366 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The SPAST gene has a major role in hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs). This is the first report mapping characteristics of the SPAST gene in a large cohort of Czech HSP patients. All 17 coding exons of the SPAST gene were Sanger sequenced in 327 patients from 263 independent families with suspected uncomplicated HSP. The selected 126 independent patients, without mutation in the SPAST gene after Sanger sequencing, were subsequently tested by Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) assay for large deletions or copy number variations affecting the SPAST gene. Among the 263 independent patients, 35 different, small mutations in 44 patients were found. Twenty-one mutations are novel with the majority of frameshift mutations. Seven mutations were found in more than one family. The age at onset ranged between preschool childhood and the fifth decade with inter- and intra-familiar differences. SPAST small mutations were detected in 16.7% (44/263) of independent tested patients. Mutations in the SPAST gene were found more frequently in familial cases (with affected relatives). Mutation were found in 31.9% (29/91 familial tested) in the familial patient group, whereas in the sporadic patient group, mutations were found in only 4.7% of cases (5/106 sporadic cases). Among SPAST-positive patients, 65.9% (29/44) were familial but only 11.4% (5/44) were sporadic. MLPA testing revealed four large deletions in four independent patients, all in familial-positive cases. Mutations in the SPAST gene are 5.8 × more frequent in familial than in sporadic cases. Large deletions were found only in familial patients. Diagnostic testing of the SPAST gene is useful only in positive family history patients not in sporadic cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Uhrová Mészárosová
- DNA Laboratory, Department of Child Neurology, Charles University Second Medical School and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Putzová
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Reproductive Medicine GENNET, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Čermáková
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Reproductive Medicine GENNET, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Vávrová
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Reproductive Medicine GENNET, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Doležalová
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Reproductive Medicine GENNET, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Smetanová
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Reproductive Medicine GENNET, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Stejskal
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Reproductive Medicine GENNET, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Beetz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Universitatsklinikum, Jena, Germany
| | - Pavel Seeman
- DNA Laboratory, Department of Child Neurology, Charles University Second Medical School and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.,Centre for Medical Genetics and Reproductive Medicine GENNET, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Riva N, Agosta F, Lunetta C, Filippi M, Quattrini A. Recent advances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol 2016; 263:1241-54. [PMID: 27025851 PMCID: PMC4893385 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
ALS is a relentlessly progressive and fatal disease, with no curative therapies available to date. Symptomatic and palliative care, provided in a multidisciplinary context, still remains the cornerstone of ALS management. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease has advanced greatly over the past years, giving new hope for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Here, we have reviewed the most recent studies that have contributed to improving both clinical management and our understanding of ALS pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilo Riva
- Neuropathology Unit, INSPE and Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 48, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Federica Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Lunetta
- NEuroMuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Niguarda Ca Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Neuropathology Unit, INSPE and Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 48, 20132, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Butler S, Helbig KL, Alcaraz W, Seaver LH, Hsieh DT, Rohena L. Three cases of Troyer syndrome in two families of Filipino descent. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:1780-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shauna Butler
- Department of Pediatrics; San Antonio Military Medical Center; JBSA Ft Sam Houston Texas
| | | | - Wendy Alcaraz
- Division of Clinical Genomics; Ambry Genetics; Aliso Viejo California
| | - Laurie H. Seaver
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Hawai‘i John A. Burns School of Medicine and Kapi'olani Medical Specialists; Honolulu Hawaii
| | - David T. Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics; San Antonio Military Medical Center; JBSA Ft Sam Houston Texas
| | - Luis Rohena
- Department of Pediatrics; San Antonio Military Medical Center; JBSA Ft Sam Houston Texas
| |
Collapse
|