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Rigo YR, Benvenutti R, Portela LV, Strogulski NR. Neurogenic potential of NG2 in neurotrauma: a systematic review. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2673-2683. [PMID: 38595286 PMCID: PMC11168526 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Regenerative approaches towards neuronal loss following traumatic brain or spinal cord injury have long been considered a dogma in neuroscience and remain a cutting-edge area of research. This is reflected in a large disparity between the number of studies investigating primary and secondary injury as therapeutic targets in spinal cord and traumatic brain injuries. Significant advances in biotechnology may have the potential to reshape the current state-of-the-art and bring focus to primary injury neurotrauma research. Recent studies using neural-glial factor/antigen 2 (NG2) cells indicate that they may differentiate into neurons even in the developed brain. As these cells show great potential to play a regenerative role, studies have been conducted to test various manipulations in neurotrauma models aimed at eliciting a neurogenic response from them. In the present study, we systematically reviewed the experimental protocols and findings described in the scientific literature, which were peer-reviewed original research articles (1) describing preclinical experimental studies, (2) investigating NG2 cells, (3) associated with neurogenesis and neurotrauma, and (4) in vitro and/or in vivo, available in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science or SCOPUS, from 1998 to 2022. Here, we have reviewed a total of 1504 papers, and summarized findings that ultimately suggest that NG2 cells possess an inducible neurogenic potential in animal models and in vitro. We also discriminate findings of NG2 neurogenesis promoted by different pharmacological and genetic approaches over functional and biochemical outcomes of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury models, and provide mounting evidence for the potential benefits of manipulated NG2 cell ex vivo transplantation in primary injury treatment. These findings indicate the feasibility of NG2 cell neurogenesis strategies and add new players in the development of therapeutic alternatives for neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri R. Rigo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Radharani Benvenutti
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luis V. Portela
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nathan R. Strogulski
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Racaniello GF, Silvestri T, Pistone M, D'Amico V, Arduino I, Denora N, Lopedota AA. Innovative Pharmaceutical Techniques for Paediatric Dosage Forms: A Systematic Review on 3D Printing, Prilling/Vibration and Microfluidic Platform. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1726-1748. [PMID: 38582283 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The production of paediatric pharmaceutical forms represents a unique challenge within the pharmaceutical industry. The primary goal of these formulations is to ensure therapeutic efficacy, safety, and tolerability in paediatric patients, who have specific physiological needs and characteristics. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in attention towards this area, driven by the need to improve drug administration to children and ensure optimal and specific treatments. Technological innovation has played a crucial role in meeting these requirements, opening new frontiers in the design and production of paediatric pharmaceutical forms. In particular, three emerging technologies have garnered considerable interest and attention within the scientific and industrial community: 3D printing, prilling/vibration, and microfluidics. These technologies offer advanced approaches for the design, production, and customization of paediatric pharmaceutical forms, allowing for more precise dosage modulation, improved solubility, and greater drug acceptability. In this review, we delve into these cutting-edge technologies and their impact on the production of paediatric pharmaceutical forms. We analyse their potential, associated challenges, and recent developments, providing a comprehensive overview of the opportunities that these innovative methodologies offer to the pharmaceutical sector. We examine different pharmaceutical forms generated using these techniques, evaluating their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa Silvestri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, D. Montesano St. 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Pistone
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Vita D'Amico
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Arduino
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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3
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Sun F, Liu W, Li X, Wang X, Ou Y, Li X, Shi M. Median nerve electrical stimulation improves traumatic brain injury by reducing TACR1 to inhibit nuclear factor-κB and CCL7 activation in microglia. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:889-902. [PMID: 38098319 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The existing report elucidates that median nerve electrical stimulation (MNS) plays a role in treating traumatic brain injury (TBI). Herein, we explored the mechanism of MNS in TBI. A TBI-induced coma model (skull was hit by a cylindrical impact hammer) was established in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Microglia were isolated from newborn Sprague-Dawley rats and was injured by lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 ng/mL). Consciousness was assessed by sensory and motor functions. Brain tissue morphology was detected using hematoxylin-eosin staining assay. Ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1, NeuN and tachykinin receptor 1 (TACR1) level were detected by immunohistochemical assay. Levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors were measured by enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Levels of TACR1, C-C motif chemokine 7 (CCL7), phosphorylation (p)-P65 and P65 were assessed by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. M1 markers (inducible nitric oxide synthase and CD86) and M2 markers (arginase-1 (Arg1) and chitinase 3-like 3 (YM1)) of microglia as well as the transfection efficiency of short hairpin TACR1 (shTACR1) were assessed by qRT-PCR. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry assay were used to detect microglia morphology and neuron apoptosis. MNS reduced neuron injury and microglia activation in the TBI-induced rat coma model. MNS reversed the effects of TBI on levels of inflammation-related factors, M1/M2 microglia markers, TACR1, p-P65/P65 and CCL7 in rats. shTACR1 reversed the effects of LPS on inflammation-related factors, M1/M2 microglia markers, microglia activation, neuron apoptosis, p-P65/P65 value and CCL7 level. Our results revealed that MNS improved TBI by reducing TACR1 to inhibit nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and CCL7 activation in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Sun
- Cardiopulmonary Intensive Care Rehabilitation Department, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Wenbing Liu
- Cardiopulmonary Intensive Care Rehabilitation Department, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Cardiopulmonary Intensive Care Rehabilitation Department, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Cardiopulmonary Intensive Care Rehabilitation Department, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yali Ou
- Cardiopulmonary Intensive Care Rehabilitation Department, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Cardiopulmonary Intensive Care Rehabilitation Department, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Min Shi
- Neurology Department, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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4
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Chen S, Luo X, Yang L, Luo L, Hu Z, Wang J. Crocetin protects mouse brain from apoptosis in traumatic brain injury model through activation of autophagy. Brain Inj 2024; 38:524-530. [PMID: 38433503 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2024.2324022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is recognized as a promising therapeutic target for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Crocetin is an aglycone of crocin naturally occurring in saffron and has been found to alleviate brain injury diseases. However, whether crocetin affects autophagy after TBI remains unknown. Therefore, we explore crocetin roles in autophagy after TBI. METHODS We used a weight-dropped model to induce TBI in C57BL/6J mice. Neurological severity scoring (NSS) and grip tests were used to evaluate the neurological level of injury. Brain edema, neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation and autophagy were detected by measurements of brain water content, TUNEL staining, ELISA kits and western blotting. RESULTS Crocetin ameliorated neurological dysfunctions and brain edema after TBI. Crocetin reduced neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation and enhanced autophagy after TBI. CONCLUSION Crocetin alleviates TBI by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation and activating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Chen
- Department of Laboratory, Wuhan Caidian District People's Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghong Luo
- Department of Laboratory, Wuhan Caidian District People's Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Laboratory, Wuhan Caidian District People's Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Laboratory, Wuhan Caidian District People's Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Laboratory, Wuhan Caidian District People's Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianglan Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Wuhan Caidian District People's Hospital, Wuhan, China
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Ling Y, Ramalingam M, Lv X, Niu D, Zeng Y, Qiu Y, Si Y, Guo T, Ni Y, Zhang J, Wang Z, Kim HW, Hu J. Human neural stem cell secretome relieves endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis and improves neuronal functions after traumatic brain injury in a rat model. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:329-348. [PMID: 38609527 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-024-10192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Neural stem cell secretome (NSC-S) plays an important role in neuroprotection and recovery. Studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) is involved in the progression of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is a crucial cause of secondary damage and neuronal death after brain injury. Whether NSC-S is engaged in ER stress and ER stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis post-TBI has not been investigated. In the study, the Feeney SD male rat model was established. The results showed that NSC-S treatment significantly improved the behavior of rats with TBI. In addition, NSC-S relieved ER stress in TBI rats and was observed by transmission electron microscopy and western blot. The specific mechanism was further elucidated that restoration was achieved by alleviating the PERK-eIF2α pathway and thus protecting neurons from apoptosis. Notably, the discovery of calumenin (CALU) in NSC-S by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS/MS) may be related to the protective effect of NSC-S on ER stress in neurons. Also, the mechanism by which it functions may be related to ubiquitination. In summary, NSC-S improved prognosis and ER stress in TBI rats and might be a promising treatment for relieving TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Ling
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Xiaorui Lv
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongdong Niu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Qiu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Si
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinying Ni
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Health Clinical Laboratories, Health BioMed Co., Ltd. Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315042, China
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jiabo Hu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Teasell R, Flores-Sandoval C, Janzen S, MacKenzie HM, Mehrabi S, Sequeira K, Bayley M, Bateman EA. Comparing Randomized Controlled Trials of Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Lower to Middle Income Countries Versus High Income Countries. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:1271-1281. [PMID: 38450568 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Outcomes from traumatic brain injury (TBI) including death differ significantly between high-, middle-, and low-income countries. Little is known, however, about differences in TBI research across the globe. The objective of this article was to examine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of moderate-to-severe TBI in high-income countries (HICs) compared with low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), as defined by the World Bank income per capita cutoff of $13,205 US dollars. A systematic review was conducted for articles published in the English language to December 2022 inclusive using MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Inclusion criteria: (1) human participants with a mean age of ≥18 years; (2) ≥50% of the sample had moderate to severe TBI; and (3) the study design was a RCT. Data extracted included author, year, country, sample size, primary focus (medical/surgical management or rehabilitation), injury etiology, time post-injury, and indicator(s) used to define TBI severity. There were 662 RCTs (published 1978-2022) that met inclusion criteria comprising 91,946 participants. There were 48 countries represented: 30 HICs accounting for 451 RCTs (68.1%) and 18 LMICs accounting for 211 RCTs (31.9%). The 62.6% of RCTs from LMICs were conducted in the acute phase post-injury (≤1 month) compared with 42.1% of RCTs from HICs. Of RCTs from LMICs, 92.4% focused on medical/surgical management compared with 52.5% from HICs. Since 2016, more RCTs have been conducted in LMICs than in HICs, indicating the importance of better understanding this pattern of research output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Teasell
- Parkwood Institute Research, Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Parkwood Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care London, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Shannon Janzen
- Parkwood Institute Research, Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather M MacKenzie
- Parkwood Institute Research, Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Parkwood Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care London, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarvenaz Mehrabi
- Parkwood Institute Research, Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith Sequeira
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Parkwood Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care London, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Bayley
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- KITE Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma A Bateman
- Parkwood Institute Research, Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Parkwood Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care London, London, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Pensato U, Cortelli P. Soccer (football) and brain health. J Neurol 2024; 271:3019-3029. [PMID: 38558150 PMCID: PMC11136867 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Soccer is one of the most popular sports worldwide, played by over 270 million people and followed by many more. Several brain health benefits are promoted by practising soccer and physical exercise at large, which helps contrast the cognitive decline associated with ageing by enhancing neurogenesis processes. However, sport-related concussions have been increasingly recognised as a pressing public health concern, not only due to their acute impact but also, more importantly, due to mounting evidence indicating an elevated risk for the development of neurological sequelae following recurrent head traumas, especially chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). While soccer players experience less frequent concussions compared with other contact or combat sports, such as American football or boxing, it stands alone in its purposeful use of the head to hit the ball (headings), setting its players apart as the only athletes exposed to intentional, sub-concussive head impacts. Additionally, an association between soccer and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has been consistently observed, suggesting a potential "soccer-specific" risk factor. In this review, we discuss the neurological sequelae related to soccer playing, the emerging evidence of a detrimental effect related to recurrent headings, and the need for implementation of comprehensive strategies aimed at preventing and managing the burden of head impact in soccer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Pensato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56 Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy.
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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8
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Zou Y, Li J, Su H, Dechsupa N, Liu J, Wang L. Mincle as a potential intervention target for the prevention of inflammation and fibrosis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:103. [PMID: 38639174 PMCID: PMC11058355 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophage‑inducible C‑type lectin receptor (Mincle) is predominantly found on antigen‑presenting cells. It can recognize specific ligands when stimulated by certain pathogens such as fungi and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This recognition triggers the activation of the nuclear factor‑κB pathway, leading to the production of inflammatory factors and contributing to the innate immune response of the host. Moreover, Mincle identifies lipid damage‑related molecules discharged by injured cells, such as Sin3‑associated protein 130, which triggers aseptic inflammation and ultimately hastens the advancement of renal damage, autoimmune disorders and malignancies by fostering tissue inflammation. Presently, research on the functioning of the Mincle receptor in different inflammatory and fibrosis‑associated conditions has emerged as a popular topic. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of research on the impact of Mincle in promoting long‑lasting inflammatory reactions and fibrosis. Additional investigation is required into the function of Mincle receptors in chronological inflammatory reactions and fibrosis of organ systems, including the progression from inflammation to fibrosis. Hence, the present study showed an overview of the primary roles and potential mechanism of Mincle in inflammation, fibrosis, as well as the progression of inflammation to fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to clarify the potential mechanism of Mincle in inflammation and fibrosis and to offer perspectives for the development of drugs that target Mincle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxia Zou
- Research Center for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand
- Department of Newborn Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jianchun Li
- Research Center for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand
| | - Hongwei Su
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Nathupakorn Dechsupa
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand
| | - Jian Liu
- Research Center for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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9
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Ahmed A, Das A, Ming T, Krishnan K, Lartigue S, Patel R, Abbate Z, Pandit M, Etienne M. Diversity trends in traumatic brain injury clinical trials in the United States. Brain Inj 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38757524 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2024.2355591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to understand the demographic representation of patients in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) clinical trials by evaluating the proportions of patients from various demographic categories amongst completed TBI clinical trials in the United States. METHODS ClinicalTrials.gov was queried for active TBI clinical trials. One hundred and eight completed trials in the United States were selected based on inclusion criteria, and information regarding intervention, setting, age, sex, race, and ethnicity was extracted. 2002-2006 TBI incidence data was obtained from the CDC. Chi-squared testing was applied to analyze the relationship between distributions of race and sex in the collected clinical trials and the national TBI data, and logistic regression was conducted to identify variables that may predict reporting of race or ethnicity. RESULTS About 53.7% of selected clinical trials reported racial data and 34.3% reported ethnicity data. Logistic regression identified that clinical trials in defined phases were more likely to report racial data (p = 0.047 [1.015, 9.603]). CONCLUSION Current TBI trials do not consistently report race or ethnicity data. Future efforts to ensure equitable representation in clinical trials may involve reform of recruitment processes and accountability measures implemented within the grant application process to ensure proper racial and ethnicity data reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Ahmed
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Ankita Das
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Tiffany Ming
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Karishma Krishnan
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Schan Lartigue
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Rohan Patel
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Zachary Abbate
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Maya Pandit
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Mill Etienne
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Good Samaritan Hospital, Suffern, New York, USA
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10
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Öner Ö, Hanci V, Gürkok MÇ, Ergan B, Yaka E, Gökmen AN. The effect of amantadine treatment on neurological outcome and mortality in mechanically ventilated severe head trauma patients in intensive care unit. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38172. [PMID: 38758901 PMCID: PMC11098193 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of amantadine use on neurological outcomes and mortality in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) (Glasgow coma score [GCS] between 3 and 8) who have been followed up on mechanical ventilators in the intensive care unit (ICU). Data from the hospital's electronic records were retrospectively searched. Patients over 18 years of age, with severe brain trauma (GCS between 3-8), who were treated with endotracheal intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation at admission to the ICU, and who were treated with Amantadine hydrochloride at least once in the first week of follow-up were included in the study. To evaluate the patients' neurological outcomes, the GCS and FOUR scores were used. GCS and FOUR scores were recorded on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days of the first week. In addition, the score difference between the 1st and 7th day was calculated for both scores. The patients were divided into 2 groups: those receiving amantadine treatment (Group A, n = 44) and the control group (Group C, n = 47). The median age of all patients was 39 (18-81) (P = .425). When Group A and Group C were compared, no statistically significant results were found between the 1st, 3rd, and 7th day GCS values (P = .474, P = .483, and P = 329, respectively). However, the difference in GCS values between day 1 and day 7 (∆ GCS 7-1) was statistically significant (P = .012). Similarly, when Group A and Group C were compared, no statistically significant results were found between the 1st, 3rd, and 7th day FOUR score values (P = .948, P = .471, and P = .057, respectively). However, the FOUR score values between day 1 and day 7 (∆ FOUR score 7-1) were statistically significant (P = .004). There was no statistically significant difference among the groups in terms of ICU length of stay, duration of non-ICU hospital stay, and length of hospital stay (P = .222, P = .175, and P = .067, respectively). Amantadine hydrochloride may help improve neurological outcomes in patients with severe TBI. However, further research is needed to investigate this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Öner
- Anesthesiologist and Intensivist Neuroscience, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Subdivision of Critical Care Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Volkan Hanci
- Anesthesiologist and Intensivist, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Subdivision of Critical Care Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Çağatay Gürkok
- General Surgery Specialist and Intensivist, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine Department of General Surgery, Subdivision of Critical Care Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Begüm Ergan
- Pulmonologist and Intensivist, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine Department of Pulmonary, Subdivision of Critical Care Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Erdem Yaka
- Neurologist Professor, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Subdivision of Critical Care Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Necati Gökmen
- Anaesthesiologist and Intensivist Professor, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation Subdivision of Critical Care Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
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11
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Fryer AL, Abdullah A, Mobilio F, Jobling A, Moore Z, de Veer M, Zheng G, Wong BX, Taylor JM, Crack PJ. Pharmacological inhibition of STING reduces neuroinflammation-mediated damage post-traumatic brain injury. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38710660 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major public health concern worldwide with unmet effective treatment. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and its downstream type-I interferon (IFN) signalling are now appreciated to be involved in TBI pathogenesis. Compelling evidence have shown that STING and type-I IFNs are key in mediating the detrimental neuroinflammatory response after TBI. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of STING presents a viable therapeutic opportunity in combating the detrimental neuroinflammatory response after TBI. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of the small-molecule STING inhibitor n-(4-iodophenyl)-5-nitrofuran-2-carboxamide (C-176) in the controlled cortical impact mouse model of TBI in 10- to 12-week-old male mice. Thirty minutes post-controlled cortical impact surgery, a single 750-nmol dose of C-176 or saline (vehicle) was administered intravenously. Analysis was conducted 2 h and 24 h post-TBI. KEY RESULTS Mice administered C-176 had significantly smaller cortical lesion area when compared to vehicle-treated mice 24 h post-TBI. Quantitative temporal gait analysis conducted using DigiGait™ showed C-176 administration attenuated TBI-induced impairments in gait symmetry, stride frequency and forelimb stance width. C-176-treated mice displayed a significant reduction in striatal gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines Tnf-α, Il-1β and Cxcl10 compared to their vehicle-treated counterparts 2 h post-TBI. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study demonstrates the neuroprotective activity of C-176 in ameliorating acute neuroinflammation and preventing white matter neurodegeneration post-TBI. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of small-molecule inhibitors targeting STING for the treatment of trauma-induced inflammation and neuroprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia L Fryer
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Amar Abdullah
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Frank Mobilio
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrew Jobling
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Zachery Moore
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Michael de Veer
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Gang Zheng
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Bruce X Wong
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Juliet M Taylor
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Peter J Crack
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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12
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Li P, Bai F, Liu C, Huang X. Serum exosomes miR-206 and miR-549a-3p as potential biomarkers of traumatic brain injury. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10082. [PMID: 38698242 PMCID: PMC11066004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. However, effective diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic biomarkers are still lacking. Our research group previously revealed through high-throughput sequencing that the serum exosomes miR-133a-3p, miR-206, and miR-549a-3p differ significantly in severe TBI (sTBI), mild or moderate TBI (mTBI), and control groups. However, convincing experimental evidence is lacking. To solve this problem, we used qPCR in this study to further verify the expression levels of serum exosomes miR-133a-3p, miR-206 and miR-549a-3p in TBI patients. The results showed that the serum exosomes miR-206 and miR-549a-3p showed good predictive value as biomarkers of TBI. In addition, in order to further verify whether serum exosomes miR-206 and miR-549a-3p can be used as potential biomarkers in patients with TBI and to understand the mechanism of their possible effects, we further determined the contents of SOD, BDNF, VEGF, VEGI, NSE and S100β in the serum of TBI patients. The results showed that, serum exosomes miR-206 and miR-549a-3p showed good correlation with BDNF, NSE and S100β. In conclusion, serum exosomes miR-206 and miR-549a-3p have the potential to serve as potential biomarkers in patients with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Luxian People's Hospital, Luzhou, China
| | - Panpan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Feirong Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Cai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xintao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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13
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Ganesh A, Al-Shamli S, Mahadevan S, Chan MF, Burke DT, Al Rasadi K, Al Saadoon M, Al–Adawi S. The Frequency of Neuropsychiatric Sequelae After Traumatic Brain Injury in the Global South: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2024; 24:161-176. [PMID: 38828247 PMCID: PMC11139369 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.12.2023.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of neuropsychiatric sequelae following traumatic brain injury (TBI) among the Western Asian, South Asian and African regions of the global south. All studies on psychiatric disturbances or cognitive impairment following TBI conducted (until August 2021) in the 83 countries that constitute the aforementioned regions were reviewed; 6 databases were selected for the literature search. After evaluating the articles using the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, the random effects model was used to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), TBI-related sleep disturbance (TBI-SD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and cognitive impairment. Of 56 non-duplicated studies identified in the initial search, 27 were eligible for systematic review and 23 for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of depression in 1,882 samples was 35.35%, that of anxiety in 1,211 samples was 28.64%, that of PTSD in 426 samples was 19.94%, that of OCD in 313 samples was 19.48%, that of TBI-SD in 562 samples was 26.67% and that of cognitive impairment in 941 samples was 49.10%. To date, this is the first critical review to examine the spectrum of post-TBI neuropsychiatric sequelae in the specified regions. Although existing studies lack homogeneous data due to variability in the diagnostic tools and outcome measures utilised, the reported prevalence rates are significant and comparable to statistics from the global north.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Ganesh
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Sangeetha Mahadevan
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Moon Fai Chan
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - David T. Burke
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Khalid Al Rasadi
- Medical Research Center, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Muna Al Saadoon
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Samir Al–Adawi
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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14
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Xia J, Tan Y, Mao C, Shen W, Zhao Y. Remazolam affects the phenotype and function of astrocytes to improve traumatic brain injury by regulating the Cx43. Exp Gerontol 2024; 189:112404. [PMID: 38492656 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the mechanism by which Remazolam affects the phenotype and function of astrocytes to improve traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS The oxygen -glucose deprivation/recovery (OGD/R) cell model was constructed to simulate the pathological state of astrocytes in a TBI environment. The viability of astrocytes was measured by CCK-8, and the cytoskeleton changes were observed by Phalloidin- TRITC staining. The expressions of differentiation markers, Cx43 and phosphorylated Cx43 (P-Cx43) of A1/A2 astrocytes were detected by Western blot, and the complement C3 and S100A10 of A1/A2 astrocytes were detected by ELISA. The TBI rat model was established. The water content of brain tissue was measured by dry-wet specific gravity method, the pathological morphology of brain tissue in cortical injury area was observed by HE staining method, ROS was detected by fluorescence quantitative method, Cx43 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry method, and the differentiation markers of A1/A2 astrocytes were detected by immunofluorescence. RESULTS In the TBI environment, astrocytes showed decreased cell viability, blurred skeleton, and increased expression of Cx43. In TBI rats, the water content of brain tissue increased, the brain tissue in the cortex injury area was seriously damaged, ROS and Cx43 expression were significantly increased, and mainly distributed in A2 astrocytes. Remazolam can reverse the above results after the intervention. CONCLUSION Remazolam affects the phenotype and function of astrocytes to improve TBI via regulating Cx43, and plays a role in protecting the neurological function of TBI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No.295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
| | - Yang Tan
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No.295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Congli Mao
- Department of Critical Medicine, JiangYin People's Hospital, No.163 Shoushan Road, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, China
| | - Wenting Shen
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No.295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No.295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
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15
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Feng C, Tian Q, Tang X, Yu J, Li H, Geng C, Xu L. microRNA-9a-5p disrupts the ELAVL1/VEGF axis to alleviate traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2024; 375:114721. [PMID: 38342180 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Plasma microRNA (miR)-9 has been identified as a promising diagnostic biomarker for traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aims to investigate the possible role and mechanisms of miR-9a-5p affecting TBI. Microarray-based gene expression profiling of TBI was used for screening differentially expressed miRNAs and genes. TBI rat models were established. miR-9a-5p, ELAVL1 and VEGF expression in the brain tissue of TBI rats was detected. The relationship among miR-9a-5p, ELAVL1 and VEGF was tested. TBI modeled rats were injected with miR-9a-5p-, ELAVL1 or VEGF-related sequences to identify their effects on TBI. miR-9a-5p was poorly expressed in the brain tissue of rats with TBI. ELAVL1 was a downstream target gene of miR-9a-5p, which could negatively regulate its expression. Enforced miR-9a-5p expression prevented brain tissue damage in TBI rats by targeting ELAVL1. Meanwhile, ELAVL1 could increase the expression of VEGF, which was highly expressed in the brain tissue of rats with TBI. In addition, ectopically expressed miR-9a-5p alleviated brain tissue damage in TBI rats by downregulating the ELAVL1/VEGF axis. Overall, miR-9a-5p can potentially reduce brain tissue damage in TBI rats by targeting ELAVL1 and down-regulating VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Feng
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Qiuyan Tian
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Tang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Changxing Geng
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China.
| | - Lixiao Xu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China.
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16
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Deng Z, Gu Y, Luo L, Deng L, Li Y, Huang W. The effect of dexmedetomidine on the postoperative recovery of patients with severe traumatic brain injury undergoing craniotomy treatment: a retrospective study. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:256. [PMID: 38689332 PMCID: PMC11059576 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01861-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been a worldwide problem for neurosurgeons. Patients with severe TBI may undergo craniotomy. These patients often require sedation after craniotomy. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been used in patients receiving anesthesia and in intensive care units. Not much is known about the postoperative effect of DEX in patients with severe TBIs undergoing craniotomy. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of postoperative DEX administration on severe TBI patients who underwent craniotomy. METHODS Patients who underwent craniectomy for severe TBI at our hospital between January 2019 and February 2022 were included in this study. The patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after surgery to receive sedative medication. The patients were then divided into DEX and control groups. We analyzed the sedation, hemodynamics, and other conditions of the patients (hypoxemia, duration of ventilation during endotracheal intubation, whether tracheotomy was performed, and the duration in the ICU) during their ICU stay. Other conditions, such as delirium after the patients were transferred to the general ward, were also analyzed. RESULTS A total of 122 patients were included in this study. Among them, 53 patients received DEX, and the remaining 69 did not. The incidence of delirium in the general ward in the DEX group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of bradycardia in the control group was significantly lower than that in the DEX group (P < 0.05). Other data from the DEX group and the control group (hypotension, hypoxemia, etc.) were not significantly different (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The use of DEX in the ICU can effectively reduce the incidence of delirium in patients who return to the general ward after craniotomy. DEX had no adverse effect on the prognosis of patients other than causing bradycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Guanghan City, No.9, Section3, Xi'an Road, Guanghan, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Guanghan City, No.9, Section3, Xi'an Road, Guanghan, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Guanghan City, No.9, Section3, Xi'an Road, Guanghan, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, People's Hospital of Guanghan City, No.9, Section3, Xi'an Road, Guanghan, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Guanghan City, No.9, Section3, Xi'an Road, Guanghan, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanyong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Guanghan City, No.9, Section3, Xi'an Road, Guanghan, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Chen J, Dong Y, Guo H, Zhao T, Zhang D, Jin S. Efficacy of rTMS combined with cognitive training in TBI with cognition disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07530-8. [PMID: 38625608 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Post-traumatic brain injury cognitive disorder(PTBICD) is one of the common symptoms of TBI survivors, severely limiting their life and rehabilitation progress. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to modulate cognition in a non-invasive manner while there are inconsistencies in previous studies. A comprehensive systematic review of rTMS treatment in patients with PTBICD is warranted. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rTMS + cognitive training(CT) in enhancing cognitive function among PTBICD patients. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, WOS, CNKI, Wan Fang, VIP and CBM, to identify relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs) published before December 20, 2023. The primary outcomes measured changes in global cognitive scales, while the secondary outcomes focused on improvements in attention, memory, event-related potentials, and activities of daily living. Meta-analysis of data was carried out using Stata 14.0. Fourteen studies including 820 PTBICD patients were included. The results showed that rTMS + CT significantly improved MoCA[WMD = 3.47, 95%CI (2.56, 4.38)], MMSE[WMD = 3.79, 95%CI (2.23, 5.35)], RBMT[WMD = 1.53, 95%CI (0.19, 2.87)], LOTCA[WMD = 5.68, 95%CI (3.11, 8.24)], and promoted MBI[WMD = 7.41, 95%CI (5.90, 8.92)] as well as reduced correlated potential P300 latency[WMD = -20.77, 95%CI (-38.08, -3.45)] and amplitude[WMD = 0.81, 95%CI (0.57, 1.06)] in PTBICD compared to sham rTMS or CT, while adverse reaction ratio was higher than that of control group [RR = 1.67, 95%CI (1.00, 2.77)]. The results demonstrated that rTMS + CT can improve the cognitive function, mental state and daily activity ability of PTBICD patients. Systematic Review Registration: [PROSPERO], identifier [No. CRD42024520596].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanwei Dong
- Orthopedics Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.39, 12 Bridge Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hong Guo
- Rehabilitation Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.39, 12 Bridge Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Rehabilitation Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.39, 12 Bridge Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Di Zhang
- Rehabilitation Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.39, 12 Bridge Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Song Jin
- Rehabilitation Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.39, 12 Bridge Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China.
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18
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Ye Z, Li Z, Zhong S, Xing Q, Li K, Sheng W, Shi X, Bao Y. The recent two decades of traumatic brain injury: a bibliometric analysis and systematic review. Int J Surg 2024; 110:01279778-990000000-01336. [PMID: 38608040 PMCID: PMC11175772 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health burden worldwide, with a mortality rate of 20%-30%; however, reducing the incidence and mortality rates of TBI remains a major challenge. This study provides a multidimensional analysis to explore the potential breakthroughs in TBI over the past two decades. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used bibliometric and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) analyses to analyze publications focusing on TBI published between 2003 and 2022 from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database to identify core journals and collaborations among countries/regions, institutions, authors, and research trends. RESULTS Over the past 20 years, 41,545 articles on TBI from 3,043 journals were included, with 12,916 authors from 20,449 institutions across 145 countries/regions. The annual number of publications has increased ten-fold compared to previous publications. This study revealed that high-income countries, especially the United States, have a significant influence. Collaboration was limited to several countries/regions. The LDA results indicated that the hotspots included four main areas: "Clinical finding", "Molecular mechanism", "Epidemiology", and "Prognosis". Epidemiological research has consistently increased in recent years. Through epidemiological topic analysis, the main etiology of TBI has shifted from traffic accidents to falls in a demographically aging society. CONCLUSION Over the past two decades, TBI research has developed rapidly, and its epidemiology has received increasing attention. Reducing the incidence of TBI from a preventive perspective is emerging as a trend to alleviate the future social burden; therefore, epidemiological research might bring breakthroughs in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Huanggu
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Heping
| | - Shiyu Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Huanggu
| | - Qichen Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Huanggu
| | - Kunhang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Huanggu
| | - Weichen Sheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Huanggu
| | - Xin Shi
- School of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijun Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Huanggu
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Han Y, Weng W, Zhang Y, Feng Q, Ma Y, Quan A, Fu X, Zhao X, Skudder-Hill L, Jiang J, Zhou Y, Chen H, Feng J. Intraoperative application of intelligent, responsive, self-assembling hydrogel rectifies oxygen and energy metabolism in traumatically injured brain. Biomaterials 2024; 306:122495. [PMID: 38309053 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
In managing severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), emergency surgery involving the removal of damaged brain tissue and intracerebral hemorrhage is a priority. Secondary brain injury caused by oxidative stress and energy metabolic disorders, triggered by both primary mechanical brain damage and surgical insult, is also a determining factor in the prognosis of TBI. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of traditional postoperative intravenous neuroprotective agents therapy is often limited by the lack of targeting, timeliness, and side effects when neuroprotective agents systemically delivered. Here, we have developed injectable, intelligent, self-assembling hydrogels (P-RT/2DG) that can achieve precise treatment through intraoperative application to the target area. P-RT/2DG hydrogels were prepared by integrating a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive thioketal linker (RT) into polyethylene glycol. By scavenging ROS and releasing 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) during degradation, these hydrogels functioned both in antioxidation and energy metabolism to inhibit the vicious cycle of post-TBI ROS-lactate which provoked secondary injury. In vitro and in vivo tests confirmed the absence of systemic side effects and the neuroprotective function of P-RT/2DG hydrogels in reducing edema, nerve cell apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and maintaining the blood-brain barrier. Our study thus provides a potential treatment strategy with novel hydrogels in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Han
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiji Weng
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiyuan Feng
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiao Ma
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai, China
| | - Ankang Quan
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xianhua Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suqian First People's Hospital, The Suqian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Radiology Department, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Loren Skudder-Hill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyao Jiang
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Radiology Department, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suqian First People's Hospital, The Suqian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China.
| | - Junfeng Feng
- Brain Injury Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Head Trauma, Shanghai, China.
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Chu SF, Liao KH, Wei L. Increasing Risk of Dementia Among Patients with Subsequent Epilepsy Within 2 Years Post-Traumatic Brain Injury: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:1447-1457. [PMID: 38577293 PMCID: PMC10992670 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s452086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although the association between neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia, and traumatic brain injury (TBI) has long been known, the association between dementia and TBI with epilepsy has been controversial. Aim This data-driven population-based study is designed to investigate the association between dementia and epilepsy after TBI within a 2-year period. Methods This case-control cohort study was conducted using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 (LHID2000). We included 784 individuals ambulatory or hospitalized for TBI with epilepsy from 2001 to 2011, compared with 2992 patients with TBI without epilepsy who were matched for characteristics including sex, age, and healthcare resource use index date. Every participant was followed up for 5 years to ascertain any dementia development. Data were stratified and analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Through the 5-year follow-up period, 39 patients (5.21%) with TBI with epilepsy and 55 (1.53%) with TBI without epilepsy developed dementia. TBI with epilepsy was independently associated with a >3.03 times risk of dementia after correcting for age, sex, and comorbidities. Conclusion These findings suggest an increased risk of dementia in patients with TBI with epilepsy. Our research recommends that individuals with TBI and epilepsy be monitored more intensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Chu
- College of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kuo-Hsing Liao
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Critical Medicine, Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurotraumatology and Intensive Care, Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li Wei
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Galteland P, Døving M, Næss I, Sehic A, Utheim TP, Eken T, Skaga NO, Helseth E, Ramm-Pettersen J. The association between head injury and facial fracture treatment: an observational study of hospitalized bicyclists from a level 1 trauma centre. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:132. [PMID: 38472419 PMCID: PMC10933183 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-06019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the types of facial fractures and their treatment in bicyclists admitted to a level 1 trauma centre with major and minor-moderate head injury. METHODS Retrospective analysis of data from bicycle-related injuries in the period 2005-2016 extracted from the Oslo University Hospital trauma registry. RESULTS A total of 967 bicyclists with head injuries classified according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) were included. The group suffering minor-moderate head injury (AIS Head 1-2) included 518 bicyclists, while 449 bicyclists had major head injury (AIS Head 3-6). The mean patient age was 40.2 years (range 3-91 years) and 701 patients (72%) were men. A total of 521 facial fractures were registered in 262 patients (on average 2 facial fractures per bicyclist). Bicyclists with major head injury exhibited increased odds for facial fractures compared to bicyclists with minor-moderate head injury (sex and age adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.03-3.72, p < 0.001. More specifically, there was increased odds for all midface fractures, but no difference for mandible fractures. There was also increased odds for orbital reconstruction in cyclist with major head injury compared to bicyclist with minor-moderate head injury (adjusted OR 3.34, 95% CI 1.30-8.60, p = 0.012). CONCLUSION Bicyclists with more severe head injuries had increased odds for midface fractures and surgical correction of orbital fractures. During trauma triage, the head and the face should be considered as one unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål Galteland
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Nydalen, PO Box 4956, NO-0424, Oslo, Norway.
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Mats Døving
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Nydalen, PO Box 4956, NO-0424, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingar Næss
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amer Sehic
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Nydalen, PO Box 4956, NO-0424, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Nydalen, PO Box 4956, NO-0424, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torsten Eken
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Oddvar Skaga
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Helseth
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Ramm-Pettersen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Zhang D, Zhuang D, Li T, Liu X, Zhang Z, Zhu L, Tian F, Chen X, Li K, Chen W, Sheng J. An analysis of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratios with six-month prognosis after cerebral contusions. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1336862. [PMID: 38545111 PMCID: PMC10967015 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1336862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) have been identified as potential prognostic markers in various conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. This study aims to investigate the dynamic changes of NLR and MLR following cerebral contusion and their associations with six-month outcomes. Methods Retrospective data were collected from January 2016 to April 2020, including patients diagnosed with cerebral contusion and discharged from two teaching-oriented tertiary hospitals in Southern China. Patient demographics, clinical manifestations, laboratory test results (neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts) obtained at admission, 24 hours, and one week after cerebral contusion, as well as outcomes, were analyzed. An unfavorable outcome was defined as a Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) of 0-3 at six months. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of prognosis, while receiver characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cutoff values for NLR and MLR. Results A total of 552 patients (mean age 47.40, SD 17.09) were included, with 73.19% being male. Higher NLR at one-week post-cerebral contusion (adjusted OR = 4.19, 95%CI, 1.16 - 15.16, P = 0.029) and higher MLR at admission and at 24 h (5.80, 1.40 - 24.02, P = 0.015; 9.06, 1.45 - 56.54, P = 0.018, respectively) were significantly associated with a 6-month unfavorable prognosis after adjustment for other risk factors by multiple logistic regression. The NLR at admission and 24 hours, as well as the MLR at one week, were not significant predictors for a 6-month unfavorable prognosis. Based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal thresholds of NLR at 1 week and MLR at admission after cerebral contusion that best discriminated a unfavorable outcome at 6-month were 6.39 (81.60% sensitivity and 70.73% specificity) and 0.76 (55.47% sensitivity and 78.26% specificity), respectively. Conclusion NLR measured one week after cerebral contusion and MLR measured at admission may serve as predictive markers for a 6-month unfavorable prognosis. These ratios hold potential as parameters for risk stratification in patients with cerebral contusion, complementing established biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment. However, further prospective studies with larger cohorts are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dangui Zhang
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongzhou Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueer Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zelin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihong Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kangsheng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangtao Sheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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23
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Peper CJ, Kilgore MD, Jiang Y, Xiu Y, Xia W, Wang Y, Shi M, Zhou D, Dumont AS, Wang X, Liu N. Tracing the path of disruption: 13C isotope applications in traumatic brain injury-induced metabolic dysfunction. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14693. [PMID: 38544365 PMCID: PMC10973562 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral metabolic dysfunction is a critical pathological hallmark observed in the aftermath of traumatic brain injury (TBI), as extensively documented in clinical investigations and experimental models. An in-depth understanding of the bioenergetic disturbances that occur following TBI promises to reveal novel therapeutic targets, paving the way for the timely development of interventions to improve patient outcomes. The 13C isotope tracing technique represents a robust methodological advance, harnessing biochemical quantification to delineate the metabolic trajectories of isotopically labeled substrates. This nuanced approach enables real-time mapping of metabolic fluxes, providing a window into the cellular energetic state and elucidating the perturbations in key metabolic circuits. By applying this sophisticated tool, researchers can dissect the complexities of bioenergetic networks within the central nervous system, offering insights into the metabolic derangements specific to TBI pathology. Embraced by both animal studies and clinical research, 13C isotope tracing has bolstered our understanding of TBI-induced metabolic dysregulation. This review synthesizes current applications of isotope tracing and its transformative potential in evaluating and addressing the metabolic sequelae of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Peper
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Mitchell D. Kilgore
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Yinghua Jiang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Yuwen Xiu
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Winna Xia
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Mengxuan Shi
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Di Zhou
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Aaron S. Dumont
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain InstituteTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Ning Liu
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Departments of Neurosurgery and NeurologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain InstituteTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Tulane University Translational Sciences InstituteNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
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24
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Liew SL, Sethi A, Stephens J, Woodbury M. Recovery of Function After Acquired Neurological Injury. Am J Occup Ther 2024; 78:7802070010. [PMID: 38574185 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The articles in this Special Issue on Recovery of Function After Neurological Injury include an impressive range of clinical diagnoses, scientific approaches, and theoretical frameworks that demonstrate the breadth and depth of occupational therapy in the restoration of function after neurological injury. An emerging theme throughout is the need for the profession of occupational therapy to identify and use more efficient methods for diagnosing and treating people with neurological injuries to improve their quality of life and the impact of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Lei Liew
- Sook-Lei Liew, PhD, OTR/L, is Associate Professor and Director, PhD Program in Occupational Science, Chan Division of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Amit Sethi
- Amit Sethi, PhD, OTR/L, is Associate Professor and Director, Masters of Science Program in Occupational Therapy, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA;
| | - Jaclyn Stephens
- Jaclyn Stephens, PhD, OTR, is Associate Professor, Health and Exercise Science Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins
| | - Michelle Woodbury
- Michelle Woodbury, is Professor and Director, Online Post-Professional OTD Program, Department of Health Science and Research Division of Occupational Therapy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
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25
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Zhang J, Gu Y, Sun W, Yu L, Li T. Tetrahydrocurcumin Protects Against GSK3β/PTEN/PI3K/Akt-Mediated Neuroinflammatory Responses and Microglial Polarization Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04034-6. [PMID: 38368289 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) and microglial polarization play crucial roles in neuroprotection during traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, whether THC regulates microglial polarization in TBI is unknown. Thus, we intended to analyze the functions and mechanism of THC in nerve injury after TBI via the regulation of microglial polarization. A TBI rat model was established, and modified neurological function score (mNSS), brain water content, Nissl staining, and Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) staining were used to evaluate neurological function. The expression of the M1-linked markers CD16 and CD86, as well as the M2-associated markers CD206 and YM-1, was analyzed via qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were assessed via ELISA. Primary microglia were isolated from the brain and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce injury. TUNEL staining was used to measure primary microglial apoptosis. The expression of GSK3β, PTEN, and PI3K/Akt pathway proteins was detected via western blotting. TBI induced nerve injury, while THC improved neurological function recovery after TBI. Further analysis indicated that THC enhanced M2 microglial polarization and attenuated the inflammatory reaction mediated by microglia both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we found that THC promoted the M2 microglial phenotype through upregulating GSK3β expression. Additionally, we proved that GSK3β activated the PI3K/Akt pathway by phosphorylating PTEN. In conclusion, we demonstrated that THC protected against nerve injury after TBI via microglial polarization via the GSK3B/PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling axis, suggesting the potential of THC for TBI treatment by promoting microglial M2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, 215500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Gu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxue Sun
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisha Yu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, 215500, People's Republic of China
| | - Tushuai Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, 214013, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Surzenko N, Bastidas J, Reid RW, Curaba J, Zhang W, Bostan H, Wilson M, Dominique A, Roberson J, Ignacio G, Komarnytsky S, Sanders A, Lambirth K, Brouwer CR, El-Khodor BF. Functional recovery following traumatic brain injury in rats is enhanced by oral supplementation with bovine thymus extract. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23460. [PMID: 38315443 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301859r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. There are currently no effective treatments for TBI, and trauma survivors suffer from a variety of long-lasting health consequences. With nutritional support recently emerging as a vital step in improving TBI patients' outcomes, we sought to evaluate the potential therapeutic benefits of nutritional supplements derived from bovine thymus gland, which can deliver a variety of nutrients and bioactive molecules. In a rat model of controlled cortical impact (CCI), we determined that animals supplemented with a nuclear fraction of bovine thymus (TNF) display greatly improved performance on beam balance and spatial memory tests following CCI. Using RNA-Seq, we identified an array of signaling pathways that are modulated by TNF supplementation in rat hippocampus, including those involved in the process of autophagy. We further show that bovine thymus-derived extracts contain antigens found in neural tissues and that supplementation of rats with thymus extracts induces production of serum IgG antibodies against neuronal and glial antigens, which may explain the enhanced animal recovery following CCI through possible oral tolerance mechanism. Collectively, our data demonstrate, for the first time, the potency of a nutritional supplement containing nuclear fraction of bovine thymus in enhancing the functional recovery from TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Surzenko
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process, Inc., Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Robert W Reid
- College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julien Curaba
- Eremid Genomic Services, LLC, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process, Inc., Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hamed Bostan
- Eremid Genomic Services, LLC, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mickey Wilson
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process, Inc., Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashley Dominique
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process, Inc., Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julia Roberson
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process, Inc., Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Glicerio Ignacio
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Slavko Komarnytsky
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexa Sanders
- College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin Lambirth
- College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cory R Brouwer
- College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bassem F El-Khodor
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process, Inc., Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
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Chapla R, Katz RR, West JL. Neurogenic Cell Behavior in 3D Culture Enhanced Within a Highly Compliant Synthetic Hydrogel Platform Formed via Competitive Crosslinking. Cell Mol Bioeng 2024; 17:35-48. [PMID: 38435792 PMCID: PMC10901766 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-024-00794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Scaffold materials that better support neurogenesis are still needed to improve cell therapy outcomes for neural tissue damage. We have used a modularly tunable, highly compliant, degradable hydrogel to explore the impacts of hydrogel compliance stiffness on neural differentiation. Here we implemented competitive matrix crosslinking mechanics to finely tune synthetic hydrogel moduli within soft tissue stiffnesses, a range much softer than typically achievable in synthetic crosslinked hydrogels, providing a modularly controlled and ultrasoft 3D culture model which supports and enhances neurogenic cell behavior. Methods Soluble competitive allyl monomers were mixed with proteolytically-degradable poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate derivatives and crosslinked to form a matrix, and resultant hydrogel stiffness and diffusive properties were evaluated. Neural PC12 cells or primary rat fetal neural stem cells (NSCs) were encapsulated within the hydrogels, and cell morphology and phenotype were investigated to understand cell-matrix interactions and the effects of environmental stiffness on neural cell behavior within this model. Results Addition of allyl monomers caused a concentration-dependent decrease in hydrogel compressive modulus from 4.40 kPa to 0.26 kPa (natural neural tissue stiffness) without influencing soluble protein diffusion kinetics through the gel matrix. PC12 cells encapsulated in the softest hydrogels showed significantly enhanced neurite extension in comparison to PC12s in all other hydrogel stiffnesses tested. Encapsulated neural stem cells demonstrated significantly greater spreading and elongation in 0.26 kPa alloc hydrogels than in 4.4 kPa hydrogels. When soluble growth factor deprivation (for promotion of neural differentiation) was evaluated within the neural stiffness gels (0.26 kPa), NSCs showed increased neuronal marker expression, indicating early enhancement of neurogenic differentiation. Conclusions Implementing allyl-acrylate crosslinking competition reduced synthetic hydrogel stiffness to provide a supportive environment for 3D neural tissue culture, resulting in enhanced neurogenic behavior of encapsulated cells. These results indicate the potential suitability of this ultrasoft hydrogel system as a model platform for further investigating environmental factors on neural cell behavior. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-024-00794-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Chapla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Rachel R. Katz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Jennifer L. West
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA
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28
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Shan J, Shi R, Hazra R, Hu X. Regulatory T lymphocytes in traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Int 2024; 173:105660. [PMID: 38151109 PMCID: PMC10872294 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents a significant global health challenge with no effective therapies developed to date. Regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) have recently emerged as a potential therapy due to their critical roles in maintaining immune homeostasis, reducing inflammation, and promoting brain repair. Following TBI, fluctuations in Treg populations and shifts in their functionality have been noted. However, the precise impact of Tregs on the pathophysiology of TBI remains unclear. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the intricate roles of Tregs in TBI and other brain diseases. Increased knowledge about Tregs may facilitate their future application as an immunotherapy target for TBI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Shan
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ruyu Shi
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Rimi Hazra
- Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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29
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Song X, Zhang Y, Tang Z, Du L. Advantages of nanocarriers for basic research in the field of traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:237-245. [PMID: 37488872 PMCID: PMC10503611 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.379041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge for the efficient treatment of traumatic brain injury is the need for therapeutic molecules to cross the blood-brain barrier to enter and accumulate in brain tissue. To overcome this problem, researchers have begun to focus on nanocarriers and other brain-targeting drug delivery systems. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology, basic pathophysiology, current clinical treatment, the establishment of models, and the evaluation indicators that are commonly used for traumatic brain injury. We also report the current status of traumatic brain injury when treated with nanocarriers such as liposomes and vesicles. Nanocarriers can overcome a variety of key biological barriers, improve drug bioavailability, increase intracellular penetration and retention time, achieve drug enrichment, control drug release, and achieve brain-targeting drug delivery. However, the application of nanocarriers remains in the basic research stage and has yet to be fully translated to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingshuang Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyan Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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Beqiri E, Czosnyka M, Placek MM, Cucciolini G, Motroni V, Smith CA, Hutchinson P, Smielewski P. Red solid line: Patterns of terminal loss of cerebrovascular reactivity at the bedside. BRAIN & SPINE 2024; 4:102760. [PMID: 38510604 PMCID: PMC10951796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bas.2024.102760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Continuous monitoring of the pressure reactivity index (PRx) provides an estimation of dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA) at the bedside in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Visualising the time-trend of PRx with a risk bar chart in ICM + software at the bedside allows for better real-time interpretability of the autoregulation status. When PRx>0.3 is sustained for long periods, typically of at least half an hour, the bar shows a pattern called "red solid line" (RSL). RSL was previously described to precede refractory intracranial hypertension and brain death. Research question We aimed to describe pathophysiological changes in measured signals/parameters during RSL. Material and methods Observation of time-trends of PRx, intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, brain oxygenation and compensatory reserve of TBI patients with RSL. Results Three pathophysiological patterns were identified: RSL precedes intracranial hypertension, RSL is preceded by intracranial hypertension, or RSL is preceded by brain hypoperfusion. In all cases, RSL was followed by death and the RSL onset was between 1 h and 1 day before the terminal event. Discussion and conclusion RSL precedes death in intensive care and could represent a marker for terminal clinical deterioration in TBI patients. These findings warrant further investigations in larger cohorts to characterise pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the RSL pattern and whether RSL has a significant relationship with outcome after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erta Beqiri
- Brain Physics Laboratory Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Marek Czosnyka
- Brain Physics Laboratory Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Michal M. Placek
- Brain Physics Laboratory Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
- Neurosurgery Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giada Cucciolini
- Brain Physics Laboratory Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Virginia Motroni
- Brain Physics Laboratory Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia A. Smith
- Brain Physics Laboratory Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Hutchinson
- Brain Physics Laboratory Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Smielewski
- Brain Physics Laboratory Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
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Gržeta Krpan N, Harej Hrkać A, Janković T, Dolenec P, Bekyarova E, Parpura V, Pilipović K. Chemically Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Prevent the Reduction in Plasmalemmal Glutamate Transporter EAAT1 Expression in, and Increase the Release of Selected Cytokines from, Stretch-Injured Astrocytes in Vitro. Cells 2024; 13:225. [PMID: 38334617 PMCID: PMC10854924 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We tested the effects of water-soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes, chemically functionalized with polyethylene glycol (SWCNT-PEG), on primary mouse astrocytes exposed to a severe in vitro simulated traumatic brain injury (TBI). The application of SWCNT-PEG in the culture media of injured astrocytes did not affect cell damage levels, when compared to those obtained from injured, functionalization agent (PEG)-treated cells. Furthermore, SWCNT-PEG did not change the levels of oxidatively damaged proteins in astrocytes. However, this nanomaterial prevented the reduction in plasmalemmal glutamate transporter EAAT1 expression caused by the injury, rendering the level of EAAT1 on par with that of control, uninjured PEG-treated astrocytes; in parallel, there was no significant change in the levels of GFAP. Additionally, SWCNT-PEG increased the release of selected cytokines that are generally considered to be involved in recovery processes following injuries. As a loss of EAATs has been implicated as a culprit in the suffering of human patients from TBI, the application of SWCNT-PEG could have valuable effects at the injury site, by preventing the loss of astrocytic EAAT1 and consequently allowing for a much-needed uptake of glutamate from the extracellular space, the accumulation of which leads to unwanted excitotoxicity. Additional potential therapeutic benefits could be reaped from the fact that SWCNT-PEG stimulated the release of selected cytokines from injured astrocytes, which would promote recovery after injury and thus counteract the excess of proinflammatory cytokines present in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Gržeta Krpan
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (N.G.K.); (A.H.H.); (T.J.); (P.D.)
| | - Anja Harej Hrkać
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (N.G.K.); (A.H.H.); (T.J.); (P.D.)
| | - Tamara Janković
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (N.G.K.); (A.H.H.); (T.J.); (P.D.)
| | - Petra Dolenec
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (N.G.K.); (A.H.H.); (T.J.); (P.D.)
| | - Elena Bekyarova
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- International Translational Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China;
| | - Kristina Pilipović
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (N.G.K.); (A.H.H.); (T.J.); (P.D.)
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Xue Y, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Zhao T. Activation of GPER-1 Attenuates Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Neurological Impairments in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03919-w. [PMID: 38217667 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03919-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of G1-activated G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) on neurological impairments and neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury (TBI) mice. The controlled cortical impingement (CCI) method was used to establish the TBI model. The mice were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) for two weeks prior to modeling. GPER1 agonist G1 was administered by intracerebroventricular injection. Brain tissue water content was detected by wet/dry method, and blood-brain barrier damage was detected by Evans blue extravasation. The neurological impairments in mice were evaluated by open field test, Y-maze test, nest-building test, object location memory test and novel object recognition test. Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) staining was used to indicate the activation of microglia. Expression of M1/M2-type microglia markers and inflammatory factors were evaluated by ELISA and qRT-PCR. The G1 administration significantly reduced cerebral edema and Evans blue extravasation at injury ipsilateral cortex and basal ganglia in TBI mice. Activation of GPER1 by G1 improved the anxiety behavior and the cognitive dysfunction of mice induced by TBI. G1 administration significantly decreased Iba1-positive staining cells and the mRNA levels of CD86, macrophage cationic peptide 1 (Mcp-1), nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), while increased the mRNA levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10), arginase1 (Arg-1) and CD206. Activation of GPER1 through G1 administration has the potential to ameliorate cognitive dysfunction induced by TBI in mice. It may also inhibit the activation of M1 microglia in cortical tissue resulting from TBI, while promoting the activation of M2 microglia and contributing to the regulation of inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunze Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingxi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Tianzhi Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 569 Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
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Tang J, Zhong Z, Nijiati M, Wu C. Establishment and external validation of a nomogram for predicting 28-day mortality in patients with skull fracture. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1338545. [PMID: 38283678 PMCID: PMC10811263 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1338545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Skull fracture can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, yet the development of effective predictive tools has remained a challenge. This study aimed to establish and validate a nomogram to evaluate the 28-day mortality risk among patients with skull fracture. Materials and methods Data extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) database were utilized as the training set, while data from the eICU Collaborative Research Database were employed as the external validation set. This nomogram was developed using univariate Cox regression, best subset regression (BSR), and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) methods. Subsequently, backward stepwise multivariable Cox regression was employed to refine predictor selection. Variance inflation factor (VIF), akaike information criterion (AIC), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), concordance index (C-index), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the model's performance. Results A total of 1,527 adult patients with skull fracture were enrolled for this analysis. The predictive factors in the final nomogram included age, temperature, serum sodium, mechanical ventilation, vasoactive agent, mannitol, extradural hematoma, loss of consciousness and Glasgow Coma Scale score. The AUC of our nomogram was 0.857, and C-index value was 0.832. After external validation, the model maintained an AUC of 0.853 and a C-index of 0.829. Furthermore, it showed good calibration with a low Brier score of 0.091 in the training set and 0.093 in the external validation set. DCA in both sets revealed that our model was clinically useful. Conclusion A nomogram incorporating nine features was constructed, with a good ability in predicting 28-day mortality in patients with skull fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tang
- Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Zhenguang Zhong
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Muyesai Nijiati
- Xinjiang Emergency Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
| | - Changdong Wu
- Xinjiang Emergency Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
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Czyżewski W, Mazurek M, Sakwa L, Szymoniuk M, Pham J, Pasierb B, Litak J, Czyżewska E, Turek M, Piotrowski B, Torres K, Rola R. Astroglial Cells: Emerging Therapeutic Targets in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury. Cells 2024; 13:148. [PMID: 38247839 PMCID: PMC10813911 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) represents a significant health concern, necessitating advanced therapeutic interventions. This detailed review explores the critical roles of astrocytes, key cellular constituents of the central nervous system (CNS), in both the pathophysiology and possible rehabilitation of TBI. Following injury, astrocytes exhibit reactive transformations, differentiating into pro-inflammatory (A1) and neuroprotective (A2) phenotypes. This paper elucidates the interactions of astrocytes with neurons, their role in neuroinflammation, and the potential for their therapeutic exploitation. Emphasized strategies encompass the utilization of endocannabinoid and calcium signaling pathways, hormone-based treatments like 17β-estradiol, biological therapies employing anti-HBGB1 monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy targeting Connexin 43, and the innovative technique of astrocyte transplantation as a means to repair damaged neural tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Czyżewski
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Marek Mazurek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Leon Sakwa
- Student Scientific Society, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Radom, 26-600 Radom, Poland;
| | - Michał Szymoniuk
- Student Scientific Association, Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jennifer Pham
- Student Scientific Society, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (J.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Barbara Pasierb
- Department of Dermatology, Radom Specialist Hospital, 26-600 Radom, Poland;
| | - Jakub Litak
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Czyżewska
- Department of Otolaryngology, Mazovian Specialist Hospital, 26-617 Radom, Poland;
| | - Michał Turek
- Student Scientific Society, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (J.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Bartłomiej Piotrowski
- Institute of Automatic Control and Robotics, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Kamil Torres
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Radosław Rola
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (R.R.)
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Misiura VB, Ruban LA, Honcharov OH, Yefimenko PB, Litovchenko AV. The results of the corrective rehabilitation program on the gait of amateur athletes with long-term consequences of brain injury. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2024; 77:233-240. [PMID: 38592983 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202402107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim: To study the results of the quality of life, the state of vestibular disorders and the nature of walking of amateur athletes with the consequences of a combat craniocerebral injury after rehabilitation treatment according to a correctional program. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on the basis of the Ukrainian Scientific Research Institute of Prosthetics in Kharkov. Under observation were 38 men aged 25-42 years with long-term consequences of a closed craniocerebral injury in the late long-term period. In all patients, complications after TBI were persistent headache, decreased muscle strength in the lower extremities, impaired coordination and balance, and walking patterns. All patients were involved in amateur sports before injury. The following research methods were used during the examination: visual analogue pain scale (VAS), Lovett manual muscle test, Bohannon test, ≪Timed Up and Go test≫. RESULTS Results: All patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients Gr.1 (n=20) were trained according to the developed program, which included training according to the PNF method, kinesiotherapy, classes on the C-mill sensory treadmill and the Hunova computer device, segmental reflex massage. Patients Gr. 2 (n=18) underwent a course of physical rehabilitation according to the generally accepted methodology of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. After working with patients according to the developed correction and rehabilitation program, the following dynamics were observed: the quality of life on the VAS scale in Gr.1 patients had a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) compared to the primary indicator. The dynamics of the Lovett manual muscle test indicated an increase in the muscle strength of the extensor and flexor muscle groups of the lower extremities, the dynamics of the balance indicator in the standing position behind Bohann in all Gr.1 patients and acquired statistical significance (p<0,05). According to the test "Timed Up and Go" patients Gr.1 approached the standard value (p<0,05). In all patients of Gr. 2, the studied characteristics had a positive trend (p>0,05). CONCLUSION Conclusions: Individual selection of physical exercises, development of correctional and rehabilitation programs, multidisciplinary approach has a positive impact on changes in the functional state of amateur athletes, quality of life and contributes to the return to an active social life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larysa A Ruban
- KHARKIV STATE ACADEMY OF PHYSICAL CULTURE, KHARKIV, UKRAINE
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Wang D, Zhang HX, Yan GJ, Zhao HR, Dong XH, Tan YX, Li S, Lu MN, Mei R, Liu LN, Wang XY, Xiyang YB. Voluntary running wheel exercise induces cognitive improvement post traumatic brain injury in mouse model through redressing aberrant excitation regulated by voltage-gated sodium channels 1.1, 1.3, and 1.6. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:205-224. [PMID: 37994916 PMCID: PMC10786980 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to disturbed brain discharge rhythm, elevated excitability, anxiety-like behaviors, and decreased learning and memory capabilities. Cognitive dysfunctions severely affect the quality of life and prognosis of TBI patients, requiring effective rehabilitation treatment. Evidence indicates that moderate exercise after brain injury decreases TBI-induced cognitive decline. However, the underlying mechanism remains unelucidated. Our results demonstrate that TBI causes cognitive impairment behavior abnormalities and overexpression of Nav1.1, Nav1.3 and Nav1.6 proteins inside the hippocampus of mice models. Three weeks of voluntary running wheel (RW) exercise treatments before or/and post-injury effectively redressed the aberrant changes caused by TBI. Additionally, a 10% exercise-conditioned medium helped recover cell viability, neuronal sodium current and expressions of Nav1.1, Nav1.3 and Nav1.6 proteins across cultured neurons after injury. Therefore, the results validate the neuroprotection induced by voluntary RW exercise treatment before or/and post-TBI. The RW exercise-induced improvement in cognitive behaviors and neuronal excitability could be associated with correcting the Nav1.1, Nav1.3, and Nav1.6 expression levels. The current study proves that voluntary exercise is an effective treatment strategy against TBI. The study also highlights novel potential targets for rehabilitating TBI, including the Navs proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Ji Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Ran Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Han Dong
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Xin Tan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, The People's Liberation Army (PLA) Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Shan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China
- Department of Anatomy, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Min-Nan Lu
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Rong Mei
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li-Na Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Yang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People' Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Bin Xiyang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China.
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Li S, Qiu N, Ni A, Hamblin MH, Yin KJ. Role of regulatory non-coding RNAs in traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Int 2024; 172:105643. [PMID: 38007071 PMCID: PMC10872636 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a potentially fatal health event that cannot be predicted in advance. After TBI occurs, it can have enduring consequences within both familial and social spheres. Yet, despite extensive efforts to improve medical interventions and tailor healthcare services, TBI still remains a major contributor to global disability and mortality rates. The prompt and accurate diagnosis of TBI in clinical contexts, coupled with the implementation of effective therapeutic strategies, remains an arduous challenge. However, a deeper understanding of changes in gene expression and the underlying molecular regulatory processes may alleviate this pressing issue. In recent years, the study of regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), a diverse class of RNA molecules with regulatory functions, has been a potential game changer in TBI research. Notably, the identification of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and other ncRNAs has revealed their potential as novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for TBI, owing to their ability to regulate the expression of numerous genes. In this review, we seek to provide a comprehensive overview of the functions of regulatory ncRNAs in TBI. We also summarize regulatory ncRNAs used for treatment in animal models, as well as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs that served as biomarkers for TBI diagnosis and prognosis. Finally, we discuss future challenges and prospects in diagnosing and treating TBI patients in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, S514 BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Na Qiu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, S514 BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Andrew Ni
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Milton H Hamblin
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, 1212 Webber Hall, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Ke-Jie Yin
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, S514 BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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Dangare MS, Saklecha A, Harjpal P. A Case Report Emphasizing an Early Approach in a Patient With Diffuse Axonal Injury. Cureus 2024; 16:e52750. [PMID: 38389626 PMCID: PMC10882254 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a severe and frequently life-altering form of traumatic brain injury that is brought on by forces of rapid acceleration as well as deceleration impacting the brain. DAI primarily stems from mechanical forces that lead to the widespread disruption of axons throughout the brain. Unlike focal injuries that affect a specific brain region, DAI manifests as multifocal axonal damage, often impairing vital neural connections. This injury occurs due to shear and tensile forces during traumatic events, such as car accidents, falls, and sports-related incidents. This current case report includes a 19-year-old male who had a fall from his bike and was hospitalised with brain trauma. A Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan was done, which revealed a case of DAI, and a computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain revealed the extra-calvarial soft tissue swelling in the left parietal region. Small haemorrhagic contusions involved the right ganglio-capsular region. Several integrative techniques, including joint approximation, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) rhythmic initiation, D1 flexion-extension, and patient education, were used to manage the patient. The patient's development was evaluated using outcome measures, such as the functional independence measure (FIM) and the Glasgow coma scale (GCS). Thus, we conclude that completing physiotherapy exercises consistently helps patients achieve their highest level of functional independence and also enhances their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansee S Dangare
- Department of Neuro-Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Akshaya Saklecha
- Department of Neuro-Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Pallavi Harjpal
- Department of Neuro-Physiotherapy, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Beqiri E, Badjatia N, Ercole A, Foreman B, Hu P, Hu X, LaRovere K, Meyfroidt G, Moberg D, Robba C, Rosenthal ES, Smielewski P, Wainwright MS, Park S. Common Data Elements for Disorders of Consciousness: Recommendations from the Working Group on Physiology and Big Data. Neurocrit Care 2023; 39:593-599. [PMID: 37704934 PMCID: PMC10782548 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The implementation of multimodality monitoring in the clinical management of patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) results in physiological measurements that can be collected in a continuous and regular fashion or even at waveform resolution. Such data are considered part of the "Big Data" available in intensive care units and are potentially suitable for health care-focused artificial intelligence research. Despite the richness in content of the physiological measurements, and the clinical implications shown by derived metrics based on those measurements, they have been largely neglected from previous attempts in harmonizing data collection and standardizing reporting of results as part of common data elements (CDEs) efforts. CDEs aim to provide a framework for unifying data in clinical research and help in implementing a systematic approach that can facilitate reliable comparison of results from clinical studies in DoC as well in international research collaborations. METHODS To address this need, the Neurocritical Care Society's Curing Coma Campaign convened a multidisciplinary panel of DoC "Physiology and Big Data" experts to propose CDEs for data collection and reporting in this field. RESULTS We report the recommendations of this CDE development panel and disseminate CDEs to be used in physiologic and big data studies of patients with DoC. CONCLUSIONS These CDEs will support progress in the field of DoC physiologic and big data and facilitate international collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erta Beqiri
- Brain Physics Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neeraj Badjatia
- Program in Trauma, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ari Ercole
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Peter Hu
- Program in Trauma, Departments of Anesthesiology and Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiao Hu
- School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kerri LaRovere
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Geert Meyfroidt
- Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven and KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Dick Moberg
- Moberg Analytics, Inc, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chiara Robba
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Eric S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Smielewski
- Brain Physics Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark S Wainwright
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Soojin Park
- Departments of Neurology and Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
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Tian Z, Cao Z, Yang E, Li J, Liao D, Wang F, Wang T, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Jiang X, Li X, Luo P. Quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of the hippocampus reveal the involvement of NMDAR1 signaling in repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2711-2719. [PMID: 37449635 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.374654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The cumulative damage caused by repetitive mild traumatic brain injury can cause long-term neurodegeneration leading to cognitive impairment. This cognitive impairment is thought to result specifically from damage to the hippocampus. In this study, we detected cognitive impairment in mice 6 weeks after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury using the novel object recognition test and the Morris water maze test. Immunofluorescence staining showed that p-tau expression was increased in the hippocampus after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. Golgi staining showed a significant decrease in the total density of neuronal dendritic spines in the hippocampus, as well as in the density of mature dendritic spines. To investigate the specific molecular mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment due to hippocampal damage, we performed proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of the hippocampus with and without repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. The differentially expressed proteins were mainly enriched in inflammation, immunity, and coagulation, suggesting that non-neuronal cells are involved in the pathological changes that occur in the hippocampus in the chronic stage after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. In contrast, differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins were mainly enriched in pathways related to neuronal function and structure, which is more consistent with neurodegeneration. We identified N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 as a hub molecule involved in the response to repetitive mild traumatic brain injury , and western blotting showed that, while N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 expression was not altered in the hippocampus after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury, its phosphorylation level was significantly increased, which is consistent with the omics results. Administration of GRP78608, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 antagonist, to the hippocampus markedly improved repetitive mild traumatic brain injury-induced cognitive impairment. In conclusion, our findings suggest that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 signaling in the hippocampus is involved in cognitive impairment in the chronic stage after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury and may be a potential target for intervention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zixuan Cao
- The Sixth Regiment, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Erwan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dan Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an; Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Taozhi Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhuoyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University; School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Haofuzi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaofan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Yan T, Shan H, Wang Z, Zou S, Chen Z, Yu W, Du Q, Dong X. Temporal change of serum xanthine oxidase levels and its relation to clinical outcome of severe traumatic brain injury: a prospective cohort study. Neurosurg Rev 2023; 46:320. [PMID: 38038775 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) may be involved in the induction of oxidative stress and inflammation. We measured serum XO levels at multiple days to determine whether it is associated with the severity and prognosis of severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). In this prospective cohort study, we quantified serum XO levels in 112 sTBI patients and 112 controls. Serum XO levels of patients were measured at admission and at days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 after sTBI. Extended Glasgow outcome scale scores of 1-4 at post-trauma 180 days were defined as a poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis was employed to determine the relationship between poor prognosis and serum XO levels at multiple days. Serum XO levels were significantly increased at admission among patients, afterwards elevated gradually, peaked at day 3, and then diminished gradually until day 10, and were substantially higher during 10 days in patients than in controls. Serum XO levels at 6 different days were all correlated with admission Rotterdam computed tomography (CT) scores and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores. Serum XO levels at 6 different days were all substantially higher in patients with poor prognosis than in those with good prognosis. Serum XO levels at days 7 and 10, but not at days 1, 3, and 5, had significantly lower area under receiver operating characteristic (AUC) than those at admission. Serum XO levels at admission and at days 1 and 3, but not at day 5, were independently associated with 180-day poor prognosis. Prognostic prediction model containing GCS scores, Rotterdam CT scores, and serum XO levels at admission (or at days 1 and 3) showed substantially higher AUC than GCS scores and Rotterdam CT scores alone. The models were visually described using nomograms, which were comparatively stable under calibration curve and were relatively of clinical benefit under decision curve. Elevated serum XO levels during early period of sTBI are more closely associated with trauma severity and clinical adverse outcomes, assuming that serum XO may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in sTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yan
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Hao Shan
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Zefan Wang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Shengdong Zou
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Ziyin Chen
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Wenhua Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 Huansha Road, Zhejiang Province, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quan Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 Huansha Road, Zhejiang Province, 310006, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoqiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 Huansha Road, Zhejiang Province, 310006, Hangzhou, China.
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Chen Y, Zhang H, Hu X, Cai W, Jiang L, Wang Y, Wu Y, Wang X, Ni W, Zhou K. Extracellular Vesicles: Therapeutic Potential in Central Nervous System Trauma by Regulating Cell Death. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6789-6813. [PMID: 37482599 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03501-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
CNS (central nervous system) trauma, which is classified as SCI (spinal cord injury) and TBI (traumatic brain injury), is gradually becoming a major cause of accidental death and disability worldwide. Many previous studies have verified that the pathophysiological mechanism underlying cell death and the subsequent neuroinflammation caused by cell death are pivotal factors in the progression of CNS trauma. Simultaneously, EVs (extracellular vesicles), membrane-enclosed particles produced by almost all cell types, have been proven to mediate cell-to-cell communication, and cell death involves complex interactions among molecules. EVs have also been proven to be effective carriers of loaded bioactive components to areas of CNS trauma. Therefore, EVs are promising therapeutic targets to cure CNS trauma. However, the link between EVs and various types of cell death in the context of CNS trauma remains unknown. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the mechanism underlying EV effects, the relationship between EVs and cell death and the pathophysiology underlying EV effects on the CNS trauma based on information in published papers. In addition, we discuss the prospects of applying EVs to the CNS as feasible therapeutic strategies for CNS trauma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yituo Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xinli Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanta Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Liting Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, 313099, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Huzhou Basic and Clinical Translation of Orthopaedics Key Laboratory, Huzhou, 313099, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Wenfei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
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Harris G, Stickland CA, Lim M, Goldberg Oppenheimer P. Raman Spectroscopy Spectral Fingerprints of Biomarkers of Traumatic Brain Injury. Cells 2023; 12:2589. [PMID: 37998324 PMCID: PMC10670390 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects millions of people of all ages around the globe. TBI is notoriously hard to diagnose at the point of care, resulting in incorrect patient management, avoidable death and disability, long-term neurodegenerative complications, and increased costs. It is vital to develop timely, alternative diagnostics for TBI to assist triage and clinical decision-making, complementary to current techniques such as neuroimaging and cognitive assessment. These could deliver rapid, quantitative TBI detection, by obtaining information on biochemical changes from patient's biofluids. If available, this would reduce mis-triage, save healthcare providers costs (both over- and under-triage are expensive) and improve outcomes by guiding early management. Herein, we utilize Raman spectroscopy-based detection to profile a panel of 18 raw (human, animal, and synthetically derived) TBI-indicative biomarkers (N-acetyl-aspartic acid (NAA), Ganglioside, Glutathione (GSH), Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE), Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), Cholesterol, D-Serine, Sphingomyelin, Sulfatides, Cardiolipin, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), S100B, Galactocerebroside, Beta-D-(+)-Glucose, Myo-Inositol, Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Neurofilament Light Chain (NFL)) and their aqueous solution. The subsequently derived unique spectral reference library, exploiting four excitation lasers of 514, 633, 785, and 830 nm, will aid the development of rapid, non-destructive, and label-free spectroscopy-based neuro-diagnostic technologies. These biomolecules, released during cellular damage, provide additional means of diagnosing TBI and assessing the severity of injury. The spectroscopic temporal profiles of the studied biofluid neuro-markers are classed according to their acute, sub-acute, and chronic temporal injury phases and we have further generated detailed peak assignment tables for each brain-specific biomolecule within each injury phase. The intensity ratios of significant peaks, yielding the combined unique spectroscopic barcode for each brain-injury marker, are compared to assess variance between lasers, with the smallest variance found for UCHL1 (σ2 = 0.000164) and the highest for sulfatide (σ2 = 0.158). Overall, this work paves the way for defining and setting the most appropriate diagnostic time window for detection following brain injury. Further rapid and specific detection of these biomarkers, from easily accessible biofluids, would not only enable the triage of TBI, predict outcomes, indicate the progress of recovery, and save healthcare providers costs, but also cement the potential of Raman-based spectroscopy as a powerful tool for neurodiagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Harris
- Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Clarissa A. Stickland
- Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Matthias Lim
- Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
- Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Healthcare Technologies, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
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Chen J, Chen Z, Yu D, Yan Y, Hao X, Zhang M, Zhu T. Neuroprotective Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide Subchronic Treatment Against TBI-Induced Ferroptosis and Cognitive Deficits Mediated Through Wnt Signaling Pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:4117-4140. [PMID: 37624470 PMCID: PMC10661805 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that targeting ferroptosis may be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating traumatic brain injury (TBI). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been proven to play a neuroprotective role in TBI, but little is known about the effects of H2S on TBI-induced ferroptosis. In addition, it is reported that the Wnt signaling pathway can also actively regulate ferroptosis. However, whether H2S inhibits ferroptosis via the Wnt signaling pathway after TBI remains unclear. In this study, we first found that in addition to alleviating neuronal damage and cognitive impairments, H2S remarkably attenuated abnormal iron accumulation, decreased lipid peroxidation, and improved the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4, demonstrating the potent anti-ferroptosis action of H2S after TBI. Moreover, Wnt3a or liproxstatin-1 treatment obtained similar results, suggesting that activation of the Wnt signaling pathway can render the cells less susceptible to ferroptosis post-TBI. More importantly, XAV939, an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway, almost inversed ferroptosis inactivation and reduction of neuronal loss caused by H2S treatment, substantiating the involvement of the Wnt signaling pathway in anti-ferroptosis effects of H2S. In conclusion, the Wnt signaling pathway might be the critical mechanism in realizing the anti-ferroptosis effects of H2S against TBI. TBI induces ferroptosis-related changes characterized by iron overload, impaired antioxidant system, and lipid peroxidation at the chronic phase after TBI. However, NaHS subchronic treatment reduces the susceptibility to TBI-induced ferroptosis, at least partly by activating the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Pep-Tides, The Affiliated Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, No.777 Xitai Road, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhennan Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongyu Yu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yufei Yan
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuli Hao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Pep-Tides, The Affiliated Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, No.777 Xitai Road, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Active Pep-Tides, The Affiliated Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, No.777 Xitai Road, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China.
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John Baptist S, Joel K, Kaddumukasa M, Michael D, Kasereka Kamabu L, Galukande M, Kaddumukasa M, Sajatovic M, Timothy Kabanda M. Fibrinogen; a predictor of injury severity and mortality among patients with traumatic brain injury in Sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-sectional observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35685. [PMID: 37861493 PMCID: PMC10589598 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies show that fibrinogen concentrations <2 g/L in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with increased mortality. However, little is known regarding fibrinogen levels and TBI severity as well as mortality in sub-Saharan Africa despite shouldering a high burden of TBI. We therefore set out to determine whether fibrinogen levels are associated with TBI severity and outcome. To determine the sensitivity and specificity of fibrinogen levels and the association with severity and mortality among TBI patients at Mulago Hospital. We prospectively enrolled 213 patients with TBI aged between 13 and 60 years of age and presenting within 24 hours of injury. Patients with preexisting coagulopathy, concurrent use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents, preexisting hepatic insufficiency, diabetes mellitus and who were pregnant were excluded. Fibrinogen levels were determined using the Clauss fibrinogen assay. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the association between fibrinogen level and 7-day outcomes. Majority of the patients were male (88.7%) and nearly half were aged 30 or less (48.8%). Fibrinogen levels <2 g/L were observed in 35.1% of the study participants. The average time spent in the study was 3.7 ± 2.4 days. The sensitivity and specificity using fibrinogen <2 g/L was 56.5% and 72.9% respectively. Fibrinogen levels predict TBI severity with an AUC = 0.656 (95% CI 0.58-0.73: P = .000) Fibrinogen levels <2 g/L (hypofibrinogenemia) were independently associated with severe TBI. (Adjusted odds ratio 2.87 CI, 1.34-6.14: P = .007). Levels above 4.5 g/L were also independently associated with injury severity (adjusted odds ratio 2.89, CI 1.12-7.48: P < .05) Fibrinogen levels more than 4.5 g/L were independently associated with mortality (OR 4.5, CI; 1.47-13.61, P < .05). The fibrinogen level is a useful tool in predicting severity including mortality of TBI. Fibrinogen levels may be used as an additional tool to screen TBI patients for injury severity especially among patients with Glasgow coma scale scores of <14.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiryabwire Joel
- Neurosurgery Unit, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Martin Kaddumukasa
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Devereaux Michael
- Neurological and Behavioral Outcome Center, University Hospitals, Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Moses Galukande
- Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mark Kaddumukasa
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Martha Sajatovic
- Neurological and Behavioral Outcome Center, University Hospitals, Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Gowthami N, Pursotham N, Dey G, Ghose V, Sathe G, Pruthi N, Shukla D, Gayathri N, Santhoshkumar R, Padmanabhan B, Chandramohan V, Mahadevan A, Srinivas Bharath MM. Neuroanatomical zones of human traumatic brain injury reveal significant differences in protein profile and protein oxidation: Implications for secondary injury events. J Neurochem 2023; 167:218-247. [PMID: 37694499 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes significant neurological deficits and long-term degenerative changes. Primary injury in TBI entails distinct neuroanatomical zones, i.e., contusion (Ct) and pericontusion (PC). Their dynamic expansion could contribute to unpredictable neurological deterioration in patients. Molecular characterization of these zones compared with away from contusion (AC) zone is invaluable for TBI management. Using proteomics-based approach, we were able to distinguish Ct, PC and AC zones in human TBI brains. Ct was associated with structural changes (blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, neuroinflammation, axonal injury, demyelination and ferroptosis), while PC was associated with initial events of secondary injury (glutamate excitotoxicity, glial activation, accumulation of cytoskeleton proteins, oxidative stress, endocytosis) and AC displayed mitochondrial dysfunction that could contribute to secondary injury events and trigger long-term degenerative changes. Phosphoproteome analysis in these zones revealed that certain differentially phosphorylated proteins synergistically contribute to the injury events along with the differentially expressed proteins. Non-synaptic mitochondria (ns-mito) was associated with relatively more differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) compared to synaptosomes (Syn), while the latter displayed increased protein oxidation including tryptophan (Trp) oxidation. Proteomic analysis of immunocaptured complex I (CI) from Syn revealed increased Trp oxidation in Ct > PC > AC (vs. control). Oxidized W272 in the ND1 subunit of CI, revealed local conformational changes in ND1 and the neighboring subunits, as indicated by molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). Taken together, neuroanatomical zones in TBI show distinct protein profile and protein oxidation representing different primary and secondary injury events with potential implications for TBI pathology and neurological status of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niya Gowthami
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nithya Pursotham
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gourav Dey
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bengaluru, India
| | - Vivek Ghose
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gajanan Sathe
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bengaluru, India
| | - Nupur Pruthi
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhaval Shukla
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Narayanappa Gayathri
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rashmi Santhoshkumar
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Balasundaram Padmanabhan
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Chandramohan
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology (SIT), Tumakuru, India
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M M Srinivas Bharath
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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47
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Laskowitz DT, Van Wyck DW. ApoE Mimetic Peptides as Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:1496-1507. [PMID: 37592168 PMCID: PMC10684461 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of targeted therapies for traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a compelling clinical unmet need. Although knowledge of the pathophysiologic cascades involved in TBI has expanded rapidly, the development of novel pharmacological therapies has remained largely stagnant. Difficulties in creating animal models that recapitulate the different facets of clinical TBI pathology and flaws in the design of clinical trials have contributed to the ongoing failures in neuroprotective drug development. Furthermore, multiple pathophysiological mechanisms initiated early after TBI that progress in the subacute and chronic setting may limit the potential of traditional approaches that target a specific cellular pathway for acute therapeutic intervention. We describe a reverse translational approach that focuses on translating endogenous mechanisms known to influence outcomes after TBI to develop druggable targets. In particular, numerous clinical observations have demonstrated an association between apolipoprotein E (apoE) polymorphism and functional recovery after brain injury. ApoE has been shown to mitigate the response to acute brain injury by exerting immunomodulatory properties that reduce secondary tissue injury as well as protecting neurons from excitotoxicity. CN-105 represents an apoE mimetic peptide that can effectively penetrate the CNS compartment and retains the neuroprotective properties of the intact protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Laskowitz
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- AegisCN LLC, 701 W Main Street, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - David W Van Wyck
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Ding X, Zhang L, Zhang X, Qin Y, Yu K, Yang X. Intranasal Insulin Alleviates Traumatic Brain Injury by Inhibiting Autophagy and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-mediated Apoptosis Through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Neuroscience 2023; 529:23-36. [PMID: 37572876 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Intranasal insulin reduces lesion size and enhances memory capacity in traumatic brain injury (TBI) models, but the molecular mechanisms behind this neuroprotective action not yet understood. Here we used Feeney's free-falling method to construct TBI mouse models and administrated intranasal insulin, rapamycin, insulin and rapamycin, or normal saline to assess their effects on neurological functions, cerebral edema, and the expression of Iba1 in microglia through immunofluorescence assay. We also measured concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the brain using enzyme immunosorbent assay, investigated apoptosis with TUNEL staining and Western blotting, and evaluated autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway with Western blotting. The autophagosome was assessed through transmission electron microscopy. Our findings demonstrated that intranasal insulin promoted neurological recovery, decreased brain swelling, and reduced injury lesions on days 1, 3, and 7 post TBI. Moreover, intranasal insulin reduced microglia activation and the concentration of IL-1β or TNF-α on the same days. Through Western blotting and transmission electron microscopy, we observed that intranasal insulin suppressed autophagy while activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway on days 1 and 3 post TBI. TUNEL assay and Western blotting also indicated that intranasal insulin inhibited ER stress-mediated apoptosis. Interestingly, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin partially blocked the pro-autophagy and anti-apoptosis effects of intranasal insulin both on days 1 and 3 post TBI. Our results suggest that intranasal insulin can ameliorate TBI by regulating autophagy and ER stress-mediated apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ding
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, No. 2, Huatai Road, Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610017, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, No, 278, Middle Baoguang Avenue, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, No. 2, Huatai Road, Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of General Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theatre Command, No. 270, Tianhui Road, Rongdu Avenue, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Yu
- Department of General Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theatre Command, No. 270, Tianhui Road, Rongdu Avenue, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokun Yang
- Department of Emergency, The General Hospital of Western Theatre Command, No. 270, Tianhui Road, Rongdu Avenue, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, People's Republic of China
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49
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Svedung Wettervik T, Beqiri E, Hånell A, Bögli SY, Placek M, Guilfoyle MR, Helmy A, Lavinio A, O'Leary R, Hutchinson PJ, Smielewski P. Brain tissue oxygen monitoring in traumatic brain injury-part II: isolated and combined insults in relation to outcome. Crit Care 2023; 27:370. [PMID: 37752602 PMCID: PMC10523606 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary aim was to explore the concept of isolated and combined threshold-insults for brain tissue oxygenation (pbtO2) in relation to outcome in traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS A total of 239 TBI patients with data on clinical outcome (GOS) and intracranial pressure (ICP) and pbtO2 monitoring for at least 12 h, who had been treated at the neurocritical care unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK, between 2002 and 2022 were included. Outcome was dichotomised into favourable/unfavourable (GOS 4-5/1-3) and survival/mortality (GOS 2-5/1). PbtO2 was studied over the entire monitoring period. Thresholds were analysed in relation to outcome based on median and mean values, percentage of time and dose per hour below critical values and visualised as the combined insult intensity and duration. RESULTS Median pbtO2 was slightly, but not significantly, associated with outcome. A pbtO2 threshold at 25 and 20 mmHg, respectively, yielded the highest x2 when dichotomised for favourable/unfavourable outcome and mortality/survival in chi-square analyses. A higher dose and higher percentage of time spent with pbtO2 below 25 mmHg as well as lower thresholds were associated with unfavourable outcome, but not mortality. In a combined insult intensity and duration analysis, there was a transition from favourable towards unfavourable outcome when pbtO2 went below 25-30 mmHg for 30 min and similar transitions occurred for shorter durations when the intensity was higher. Although these insults were rare, pbtO2 under 15 mmHg was more strongly associated with unfavourable outcome if, concurrently, ICP was above 20 mmHg, cerebral perfusion pressure below 60 mmHg, or pressure reactivity index above 0.30 than if these variables were not deranged. In a multiple logistic regression, a higher percentage of monitoring time with pbtO2 < 15 mmHg was associated with a higher rate of unfavourable outcome. CONCLUSIONS Low pbtO2, under 25 mmHg and particularly below 15 mmHg, for longer durations and in combination with disturbances in global cerebral physiological variables were associated with poor outcome and may indicate detrimental ischaemic hypoxia. Prospective trials are needed to determine if pbtO2-directed therapy is beneficial, at what individualised pbtO2 threshold therapies are warranted, and how this may depend on the presence/absence of concurrent cerebral physiological disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor Svedung Wettervik
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Brain Physics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Erta Beqiri
- Brain Physics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anders Hånell
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Yu Bögli
- Brain Physics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michal Placek
- Brain Physics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mathew R Guilfoyle
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adel Helmy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea Lavinio
- Neurosciences and Trauma Critical Care Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ronan O'Leary
- Neurosciences and Trauma Critical Care Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter J Hutchinson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Smielewski
- Brain Physics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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50
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Liu Z, Wang X, Wu Z, Yin G, Chu H, Zhao P. HBOT has a better cognitive outcome than NBH for patients with mild traumatic brain injury: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35215. [PMID: 37713814 PMCID: PMC10508512 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normobaric hyperoxia (NBH) and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) are effective treatment plan for traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study was to compare cognitive outcome after mild TBI between NBH and HBOT so as to provide a more suitable treatment strategy for patients with mild TBI. METHODS A prospective research was conducted between October 2017 and March 2023, enrolling patients with mild TBI (Glasgow coma scale score: 13-15 points) within 24 hours of injury in Cangzhou Central Hospital. Patients were randomized into 3 groups: group control (C), group NBH and group HBOT. The patients in HBOT group received hyperbaric oxygen therapy in high pressure oxygen chamber and patients in NBH group received hyperbaric oxygen therapy. at 0 minute before NBH or HBOT (T1), 0 minute after NBH or HBOT (T2) and 30 days after NBH or HBOT (T3), level of S100β, NSE, GFAP, HIF-1α, and MDA were determined by ELISA. At the same time, the detection was performed for MoCA and MMSE scores, along with rSO2. RESULTS The results showed both NBH and HBOT could improve the score of MoCA and MMSE, as well as the decrease the level of S100β, NSE, GFAP, HIF-1α, MDA, and rSO2 compared with group C. Furthermore, the patients in group HBOT have higher score of MoCA and MMSE and lower level of S100β, NSE, GFAP, HIF-1α, MDA, and rSO2. CONCLUSION Both NBH and HBOT can effectively improve cognitive outcome for patients with mild TBI by improving cerebral hypoxia and alleviating brain injury, while HBOT exert better effect than NBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Liu
- The Third Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, China
| | - Xirui Wang
- The Third Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, China
| | - Zhiyou Wu
- The Third Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, China
| | - Gangfeng Yin
- The Third Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, China
| | - Haibin Chu
- The Third Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, China
| | - Pengyue Zhao
- The Third Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, China
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