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Carreño-Campos C, Villegas E, Villarreal ML, Morales-Aguilar M, Govea-Alonso D, Romero-Maldonado A, Jimenez-Capdeville ME, Rosales-Mendoza S, Ortiz-Caltempa A. Statistical Experimental Designs for cLTB-Syn Vaccine Production Using Daucus carota Cell Suspension Cultures. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:744-756. [PMID: 38698590 DOI: 10.1055/a-2307-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The carrot-made LTB-Syn antigen (cLTB-Syn) is a vaccine candidate against synucleinopathies based on carrot cells expressing the target antigen LTB and syn epitopes. Therefore, the development of an efficient production process is required with media culture optimization to increase the production yields as the main goal. In this study, the effect of two nitrogen sources (urea and glutamate) on callus cultures producing cLTB-Syn was studied, observing that the addition of 17 mM urea to MS medium favored the biomass yield. To optimize the MS media composition, the influence of seven medium components on biomass and cLTB-Syn production was first evaluated by a Plackett-Burman design (PBD). Then, three factors were further analyzed using a central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed a 1.2-fold improvement in biomass, and a 4.5-fold improvement in cLTB-Syn production was achieved at the shake-flask scale. At the bioreactor scale, there was a 1.5-fold increase in biomass and a 2.8-fold increase in cLTB-Syn yield compared with the standard MS medium. Moreover, the cLTB-Syn vaccine induced humoral responses in BALB/c mice subjected to either oral or subcutaneous immunization. Therefore, cLTB-Syn is a promising vaccine candidate that will aid in developing immunotherapeutic strategies to combat PD and other neurodegenerative diseases without the need for cold storage, making it a financially viable option for massive immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Carreño-Campos
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Elba Villegas
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - María Luisa Villarreal
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Mónica Morales-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Dania Govea-Alonso
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Andrea Romero-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | | | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Anabel Ortiz-Caltempa
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Ghosh N, Sinha K, Sil PC. Pesticides and the Gut Microbiota: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:1071-1085. [PMID: 38958636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) affects more people worldwide than just aging alone can explain. This is likely due to environmental influences, genetic makeup, and changes in daily habits. The disease develops in a complex way, with movement problems caused by Lewy bodies and the loss of dopamine-producing neurons. Some research suggests Lewy bodies might start in the gut, hinting at a connection between these structures and gut health in PD patients. These patients often have different gut bacteria and metabolites. Pesticides are known to increase the risk of PD, with evidence showing they harm more than just dopamine neurons. Long-term exposure to pesticides in food might affect the gut barrier, gut bacteria, and the blood-brain barrier, but the exact link is still unknown. This review looks at how pesticides and gut bacteria separately influence PD development and progression, highlighting the harmful effects of pesticides and changes in gut bacteria. We have examined the interaction between pesticides and gut bacteria in PD patients, summarizing how pesticides cause imbalances in gut bacteria, the resulting changes, and their overall effects on the PD prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Ghosh
- Assistant Professor in Zoology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata 700013, India
| | - Krishnendu Sinha
- Assistant Professor in Zoology, Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram 721507 India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Professor, Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054 India
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3
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Benvenuti L, Di Salvo C, Bellini G, Seguella L, Rettura F, Esposito G, Antonioli L, Ceravolo R, Bernardini N, Pellegrini C, Fornai M. Gut-directed therapy in Parkinson's disease. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1407925. [PMID: 38974034 PMCID: PMC11224490 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1407925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and slow-progressing neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, including gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunctions. Over the last years, the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is emerging as a bacterial-neuro-immune ascending pathway that contributes to the progression of PD. Indeed, PD patients are characterized by changes in gut microbiota composition, alterations of intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) and enteric neurogenic/inflammatory responses that, besides determining intestinal disturbances, contribute to brain pathology. In this context, despite the causal relationship between gut dysbiosis, impaired MGB axis and PD remains to be elucidated, emerging evidence shows that MGB axis modulation can represent a suitable therapeutical strategy for the treatment of PD. This review provides an overview of the available knowledge about the beneficial effects of gut-directed therapies, including dietary interventions, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), in both PD patients and animal models. In this context, particular attention has been devoted to the mechanisms by which the modulation of MGB axis could halt or slow down PD pathology and, most importantly, how these approaches can be included in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Benvenuti
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clelia Di Salvo
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bellini
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V.Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Rettura
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V.Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Menozzi E, Schapira AHV. The Gut Microbiota in Parkinson Disease: Interactions with Drugs and Potential for Therapeutic Applications. CNS Drugs 2024; 38:315-331. [PMID: 38570412 PMCID: PMC11026199 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-024-01073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The concept of a 'microbiota-gut-brain axis' has recently emerged as an important player in the pathophysiology of Parkinson disease (PD), not least because of the reciprocal interaction between gut bacteria and medications. The gut microbiota can influence levodopa kinetics, and conversely, drugs administered for PD can influence gut microbiota composition. Through a two-step enzymatic pathway, gut microbes can decarboxylate levodopa to dopamine in the small intestine and then dehydroxylate it to m-tyramine, thus reducing availability. Inhibition of bacterial decarboxylation pathways could therefore represent a strategy to increase levodopa absorption. Other bacterial perturbations common in PD, such as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and Helicobacter pylori infection, can also modulate levodopa metabolism, and eradication therapies may improve levodopa absorption. Interventions targeting the gut microbiota offer a novel opportunity to manage disabling motor complications and dopa-unresponsive symptoms. Mediterranean diet-induced changes in gut microbiota composition might improve a range of non-motor symptoms. Prebiotics can increase levels of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and decrease pro-inflammatory species, with positive effects on clinical symptoms and levodopa kinetics. Different formulations of probiotics showed beneficial outcomes on constipation, with some of them improving dopamine levels; however, the most effective dosage and duration and long-term effects of these treatments remain unknown. Data from faecal microbiota transplantation studies are preliminary, but show encouraging trends towards improvement in both motor and non-motor outcomes.This article summarises the most up-to-date knowledge in pharmacomicrobiomics in PD, and discusses how the manipulation of gut microbiota represents a potential new therapeutic avenue for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Menozzi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, NW3 2PF, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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Kwon D, Zhang K, Paul KC, Folle AD, Del Rosario I, Jacobs JP, Keener AM, Bronstein JM, Ritz B. Diet and the gut microbiome in patients with Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:89. [PMID: 38649365 PMCID: PMC11035608 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that gut microbiota influence Parkinson's disease (PD) via the gut-brain axis. Here, we examine associations between diet and gut microbiome composition and its predicted functional pathways in patients with PD. We assessed gut microbiota in fecal samples from 85 PD patients in central California using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Diet quality was assessed by calculating the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) based on the Diet History Questionnaire II. We examined associations of diet quality, fiber, and added sugar intake with microbial diversity, composition, taxon abundance, and predicted metagenomic profiles, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and sequencing platform. Higher HEI scores and fiber intake were associated with an increase in putative anti-inflammatory butyrate-producing bacteria, such as the genera Butyricicoccus and Coprococcus 1. Conversely, higher added sugar intake was associated with an increase in putative pro-inflammatory bacteria, such as the genera Klebsiella. Predictive metagenomics suggested that bacterial genes involved in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide decreased with higher HEI scores, whereas a simultaneous decrease in genes involved in taurine degradation indicates less neuroinflammation. We found that a healthy diet, fiber, and added sugar intake affect the gut microbiome composition and its predicted metagenomic function in PD patients. This suggests that a healthy diet may support gut microbiome that has a positive influence on PD risk and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayoon Kwon
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angele, CA, USA
| | - Keren Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angele, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly C Paul
- Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aline D Folle
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angele, CA, USA
| | - Irish Del Rosario
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angele, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Jacobs
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adrienne M Keener
- Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeff M Bronstein
- Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angele, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Manjarres Z, Calvo M, Pacheco R. Regulation of Pain Perception by Microbiota in Parkinson Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 76:7-36. [PMID: 37863655 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain perception involves current stimulation in peripheral nociceptive nerves and the subsequent stimulation of postsynaptic excitatory neurons in the spinal cord. Importantly, in chronic pain, the neural activity of both peripheral nociceptors and postsynaptic neurons in the central nervous system is influenced by several inflammatory mediators produced by the immune system. Growing evidence has indicated that the commensal microbiota plays an active role in regulating pain perception by either acting directly on nociceptors or indirectly through the modulation of the inflammatory activity on immune cells. This symbiotic relationship is mediated by soluble bacterial mediators or intrinsic structural components of bacteria that act on eukaryotic cells, including neurons, microglia, astrocytes, macrophages, T cells, enterochromaffin cells, and enteric glial cells. The molecular mechanisms involve bacterial molecules that act directly on neurons, affecting their excitability, or indirectly on non-neuronal cells, inducing changes in the production of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory mediators. Importantly, Parkinson disease, a neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorder that affects mainly the dopaminergic neurons implicated in the control of voluntary movements, involves not only a motor decline but also nonmotor symptomatology, including chronic pain. Of note, several recent studies have shown that Parkinson disease involves a dysbiosis in the composition of the gut microbiota. In this review, we first summarize, integrate, and classify the molecular mechanisms implicated in the microbiota-mediated regulation of chronic pain. Second, we analyze the changes on the commensal microbiota associated to Parkinson disease and propose how these changes affect the development of chronic pain in this pathology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The microbiota regulates chronic pain through the action of bacterial signals into two main locations: the peripheral nociceptors and the postsynaptic excitatory neurons in the spinal cord. The dysbiosis associated to Parkinson disease reveals increased representation of commensals that potentially exacerbate chronic pain and reduced levels of bacteria with beneficial effects on pain. This review encourages further research to better understand the signals involved in bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host communication to get the clues for the development of probiotics with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulmary Manjarres
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., R.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Z.M., M.C.) and División de Anestesiología, Escuela de Medicina (M.C.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., M.C.); and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile (R.P.)
| | - Margarita Calvo
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., R.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Z.M., M.C.) and División de Anestesiología, Escuela de Medicina (M.C.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., M.C.); and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile (R.P.)
| | - Rodrigo Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., R.P.); Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (Z.M., M.C.) and División de Anestesiología, Escuela de Medicina (M.C.), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain, Santiago, Chile (Z.M., M.C.); and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile (R.P.)
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Pavan S, Gorthi SP, Prabhu AN, Das B, Mutreja A, Vasudevan K, Shetty V, Ramamurthy T, Ballal M. Dysbiosis of the Beneficial Gut Bacteria in Patients with Parkinson's Disease from India. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2023; 26:908-916. [PMID: 38229613 PMCID: PMC10789430 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_460_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recent advancement in understanding neurological disorders has revealed the involvement of dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). We sequenced microbial DNA using fecal samples collected from PD cases and healthy controls (HCs) to evaluate the role of gut microbiota. Methods Full-length bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples was performed using amplified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products on the GridION Nanopore sequencer. Sequenced data were analyzed using web-based tools BugSeq and MicrobiomeAnalyst. Results We found that certain bacterial families like Clostridia UCG 014, Cristensenellaceae, and Oscillospiraceae are higher in abundance, and Lachinospiracea, Coriobacteriaceae and genera associated with short-chain fatty acid production, Faecalibacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Roseburia and Blautia, are lower in abundance among PD cases when compared with the HC. Genus Akkermansia, Dialister, Bacteroides, and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group positively correlated with constipation in PD. Conclusion Observations from this study support the other global research on the PD gut microbiome background and provide fresh insight into the gut microbial composition of PD patients from a south Indian population. We report a higher abundance of Clostridia UCG 014 group, previously not linked to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujith Pavan
- Enteric Diseases Division, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sankar Prasad Gorthi
- Department of Neurology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Department of Neurology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arvind N. Prabhu
- Department of Neurology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhabatosh Das
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Human Microbial Ecology, Translational Health Sciences and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ankur Mutreja
- Enteric Diseases Division, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Karthick Vasudevan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, Reva University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vignesh Shetty
- Enteric Diseases Division, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Thandavarayan Ramamurthy
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mamatha Ballal
- Enteric Diseases Division, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Yu S, Chen J, Zhao Y, Liao X, Chen Q, Xie H, Liu J, Sun J, Zhi S. Association analysis of the gut microbiota in predicting outcomes for patients with acute ischemic stroke and H-type hypertension. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1275460. [PMID: 37954644 PMCID: PMC10639143 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1275460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction H-type hypertension (HHTN) is a subtype of hypertension that tends to worsen the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Recent studies have highlighted the vital role of gut microbiota in both hypertension and AIS, but there is little available data on the relationship between gut microbiota and the progression of AIS patients with HHTN. In this study, we investigated the microbial signature of AIS patients with HHTN and identified characteristic bacteria as biomarkers for predicting prognosis. Methods AIS patients with HHTN (n = 150) and without HHTN (n = 50) were enrolled. All patients received a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) assessment at 3 months after discharge. Fecal samples were collected from the participants upon admission, including 150 AIS patients with HHTN, 50 AIS patients with non-HHTN, and 90 healthy subjects with HHTN. These samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the bacterial taxa, predict functions, and conduct correlation analysis between specific taxa and clinical features. Results Our results showed that the composition of the gut microbiota in HHTN patients differed significantly from that in non-HHTN patients. The abundance of the genera Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Prevotella in AIS patients with HHTN was significantly increased compared to AIS patients without HHTN, while the genus Streptococcus, Faecalibacterium, and Klebsiella were significantly decreased. Moreover, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Klebsiella in AIS patients with HHTN were more abundant than healthy subjects with HHTN, while Escherichia-Shigella, Blautia, and Faecalibacterium were less abundant. Moreover, the genera Butyricicoccus, Rothia, and Family_XIII_UCG-001 were negatively connected with the NIHSS score, and the genera Butyricicoccus and Rothia were observed to be negatively associated with the mRS score. The genera Butyricicoccus, Romboutsia, and Terrisporobacter were associated with a poor prognosis, whereas the increase in Butyricimonas and Odoribacter was correlated with good outcomes. Generated by eight genera and clinical indexes, the area under the curve (AUC) value of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve achieved 0.739 to effectively predict the prognosis of AIS patients with HHTN. Conclusion These findings revealed the microbial signature of AIS patients with HHTN and further provided potential microbial biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of AIS patients with HHTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiting Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolan Liao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qionglei Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huijia Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaoce Zhi
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Talman L, Safarpour D. An Overview of Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Parkinsonian Syndromes. Semin Neurol 2023; 43:583-597. [PMID: 37703887 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction is a common nonmotor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as other parkinsonian syndromes and may precede the onset of motor symptoms by decades. Involvement of all segments of the GI tract can lead to altered responses to medications and worsened quality of life for patients. While some GI symptoms occur in isolation, others overlap. Therefore, understanding the changes in different segments of the GI tract and how they relate to altered responses to PD treatment can guide both diagnostic and pharmacological interventions. Gut microbiota plays a critical role in immune activity and modulation of the enteric and central nervous systems. Understanding this bidirectional relationship helps to elucidate the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. This review will describe the current understanding of how GI dysfunction develops in parkinsonian syndromes, common symptoms in PD and related disorders, and available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Talman
- Department of Neurology School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Delaram Safarpour
- Department of Neurology School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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10
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Xu X, Lubomski M, Holmes AJ, Sue CM, Davis RL, Muller S, Yang JYH. NEMoE: a nutrition aware regularized mixture of experts model to identify heterogeneous diet-microbiome-host health interactions. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:51. [PMID: 36918961 PMCID: PMC10015776 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01475-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unrevealing the interplay between diet, the microbiome, and the health state could enable the design of personalized intervention strategies and improve the health and well-being of individuals. A common approach to this is to divide the study population into smaller cohorts based on dietary preferences in the hope of identifying specific microbial signatures. However, classification of patients based solely on diet is unlikely to reflect the microbiome-host health relationship or the taxonomic microbiome makeup. RESULTS We present a novel approach, the Nutrition-Ecotype Mixture of Experts (NEMoE) model, for establishing associations between gut microbiota and health state that accounts for diet-specific cohort variability using a regularized mixture of experts model framework with an integrated parameter sharing strategy to ensure data-driven diet-cohort identification consistency across taxonomic levels. The success of our approach was demonstrated through a series of simulation studies, in which NEMoE showed robustness with regard to parameter selection and varying degrees of data heterogeneity. Further application to real-world microbiome data from a Parkinson's disease cohort revealed that NEMoE is capable of not only improving predictive performance for Parkinson's Disease but also for identifying diet-specific microbial signatures of disease. CONCLUSION In summary, NEMoE can be used to uncover diet-specific relationships between nutritional-ecotype and patient health and to contextualize precision nutrition for different diseases. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Xu
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michal Lubomski
- Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- The University of Notre Dame Australia, School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Holmes
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carolyn M Sue
- Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan L Davis
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel Muller
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Jean Y H Yang
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Science Park, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Are neuromodulation interventions associated with changes in the gut microbiota? A systematic review. Neuropharmacology 2023; 223:109318. [PMID: 36334762 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) refers to the bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut microbiota and recent studies have linked the MGBA to health and disease. Research has so far investigated this axis mainly from microbiota to brain but less is known about the other direction. One approach to examine the MGBA from brain to microbiota is through understanding if and how neuromodulation might impact microbiota. Neuromodulation encompasses a wide range of stimulation techniques and is used to treat neurological, psychiatric and metabolic disorders, like Parkinson's Disease, depression and obesity. Here, we performed a systematic review to investigate whether neuromodulation is associated with subsequent changes in the gut microbiota. Searches in PsycINFO and MEDLINE were performed up to March 2022. Included studies needed to be clinical or preclinical studies comparing the effects of deep brain stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation or vagal nerve stimulation on the gut microbiota before and after treatment or between active and control groups. Seven studies were identified. Neuromodulation was associated with changes in relative bacterial abundances, but not with (changes in) α-diversity or β-diversity. Summarizing, currently reported findings suggest that neuromodulation interventions are associated with moderate changes in the gut microbiome. However, findings remain inconclusive due to the limited number and varying quality of included studies, as well as the large heterogeneity between studies. More research is required to more conclusively establish whether, and if so, via which mechanism(s) of action neuromodulation interventions might influence the gut microbiota.
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12
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Sancandi M, De Caro C, Cypaite N, Marascio N, Avagliano C, De Marco C, Russo E, Constanti A, Mercer A. Effects of a probiotic suspension Symprove™ on a rat early-stage Parkinson's disease model. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:986127. [PMID: 36742204 PMCID: PMC9890174 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.986127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies in recent years have focused on the role that the gut may play in Parkinson's Disease (PD) pathogenesis, suggesting that the maintenance of a healthy gut may lead to potential treatments of the disease. The health of microbiota has been shown to be directly associated with parameters that play a potential role in PD including gut barrier integrity, immunity, function, metabolism and the correct functioning of the gut-brain axis. The gut microbiota (GM) may therefore be employed as valuable indicators for early diagnosis of PD and potential targets for preventing or treating PD symptoms. Preserving the gut homeostasis using probiotics may therefore lead to a promising treatment strategy due to their known benefits in improving constipation, motor impairments, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of probiotics in PD are yet to be clarified. In this project, we have tested the efficacy of an oral probiotic suspension, Symprove™, on an established animal model of PD. Symprove™, unlike many commercially available probiotics, has been shown to be resistant to gastric acidity, improve symptoms in gastrointestinal diseases and improve gut integrity in an in vitro PD model. In this study, we used an early-stage PD rat model to determine the effect of Symprove™ on neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in the brain and on plasma cytokine levels, GM composition and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) release. Symprove™ was shown to significantly influence both the gut and brain of the PD model. It preserved the gut integrity in the PD model, reduced plasma inflammatory markers and changed microbiota composition. The treatment also prevented the reduction in SCFAs and striatal inflammation and prevented tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cell loss by 17% compared to that observed in animals treated with placebo. We conclude that Symprove™ treatment may have a positive influence on the symptomology of early-stage PD with obvious implications for the improvement of gut integrity and possibly delaying/preventing the onset of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in human PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sancandi
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen De Caro
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Neringa Cypaite
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Marascio
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmen Avagliano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmela De Marco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrew Constanti
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey Mercer
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Audrey Mercer,
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13
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Li Z, Liang H, Hu Y, Lu L, Zheng C, Fan Y, Wu B, Zou T, Luo X, Zhang X, Zeng Y, Liu Z, Zhou Z, Yue Z, Ren Y, Li Z, Su Q, Xu P. Gut bacterial profiles in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:140-157. [PMID: 36284437 PMCID: PMC9804059 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent advances have highlighted the relationships between gut dysbiosis and Parkinson's disease (PD). Microbiota transplantation from PD patients to mice can induce increased alpha-synuclein-mediated motor deficits. Human studies have identified differences in the gut microbiota of PD patients compared to healthy controls. We undertook a systematic review to evaluate the available evidence for the involvement of gut bacteria in the etiology of PD. METHODS The PubMed databank, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databank, and Wanfang Data were searched from inception until June 2021 to identify human case-control studies that investigated relationships between PD and microbiota quantified from feces. We evaluated the resulting studies focusing on bacterial taxa that were different between PD patients and healthy controls. RESULTS Twenty-six studies were found in which 53 microbial families and 98 genera exhibited differences between patients with PD and healthy controls. The genera identified by more than two studies as increased in PD were Bifidobacterium, Alistipes, Christensenella, Enterococcus, Oscillospira, Bilophila, Desulfovibrio, Escherichia/Shigella, and Akkermansia, while Prevotella, Blautia, Faecalibacterium, Fusicatenibacter, and Haemophilus had three or more reports of being lower in PD patients. More than one report demonstrated that Bacteroides, Odoribacter, Parabacteroides, Butyricicoccus, Butyrivibrio, Clostridium, Coprococcus, Lachnospira, Lactobacillus, Megasphaera, Phascolarctobacterium, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, Streptococcus, and Klebsiella were altered in both directions. CONCLUSION Our review shows that the involvement of the gut microbiome in the etiology of PD may involve alterations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria and an increase in putative gut pathobionts. SCFAs-producing bacteria may vary above or below an "optimal range," causing imbalances. Considering that Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia are beneficial for human health, increased Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the PD gut microbiome may be associated with PD medications, especially COMT inhibitors, while a high level of Akkermansia may be associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)GuangzhouChina
| | - Hongfeng Liang
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)GuangzhouChina
| | - Yingyu Hu
- Hospital Administration OfficeSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chunye Zheng
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)GuangzhouChina
| | - Yuzhen Fan
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)GuangzhouChina
| | - Bin Wu
- Genetic Testing LabThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)GuangzhouChina
| | - Tao Zou
- Chronic Disease Management OutpatientThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)GuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaodong Luo
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)GuangzhouChina
| | - Xinchun Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)GuangzhouChina
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)GuangzhouChina
| | - Ziyan Liu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of NeurologyFriedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFlorida State University College of MedicineTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Zhuo Li
- Genetic Testing LabThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)GuangzhouChina
| | - Qiaozhen Su
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)GuangzhouChina
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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The Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Parkinson's Disease: Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012289. [PMID: 36293176 PMCID: PMC9603886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota (GM) and the Central Nervous System, the so-called gut microbiota brain axis (GMBA), deeply affects brain function and has an important impact on the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson’s disease (PD), gastrointestinal symptoms often precede the onset of motor and non-motor manifestations, and alterations in the GM composition accompany disease pathogenesis. Several studies have been conducted to unravel the role of dysbiosis and intestinal permeability in PD onset and progression, but the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of GM modifying approaches remain to be fully elucidated. After a brief introduction on the involvement of GMBA in the disease, we present evidence for GM alterations and leaky gut in PD patients. According to these data, we then review the potential of GM-based signatures to serve as disease biomarkers and we highlight the emerging role of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, dietary interventions, and fecal microbiota transplantation as supportive therapeutic approaches in PD. Finally, we analyze the mutual influence between commonly prescribed PD medications and gut-microbiota, and we offer insights on the involvement also of nasal and oral microbiota in PD pathology, thus providing a comprehensive and up-to-date overview on the role of microbial features in disease diagnosis and treatment.
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15
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Long-term safety, discontinuation and mortality in an Italian cohort with advanced Parkinson's disease on levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel infusion. J Neurol 2022; 269:5606-5614. [PMID: 35876875 PMCID: PMC9309989 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) is an effective treatment in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) with consolidated evidence of clinical efficacy. However, only few studies have assessed long-term safety, causes of discontinuation, mortality, and relative predictors. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 79 PD patients treated with LCIG between 2005 and 2020 in two Italian Neurological Centers, recording all adverse events (AEs), including weight loss (WL). Kaplan–Meier curve was used to estimate the time to discontinuation and survival. Cox proportional hazard model was employed to identify predictors of discontinuation and mortality, while Pearson’s correlation was used to analyze predictors of WL. Results The average follow-up was 47.7 ± 40.5 months and the median survival from disease onset was 25 years. There were three cases of polyradiculoneuropathy Guillain–Barre syndrome-like, all occurred in the early years of LCIG treatment. Twenty-five patients died (32%), 18 on LCIG (including one suicide) and seven after discontinuation. The mean WL was 3.62 ± 7.5 kg, which correlated with levodopa dose at baseline (p = 0.002), levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) baseline (p = 0.017) and off-duration (p = 0.0014), but not dyskinesia. Peristomal complications emerged as a negative predictor of discontinuation (p = 0.008). Conclusions LCIG has a relatively satisfactory long-term safety profile and efficacy and a relatively low rate of discontinuation. Peristomal complications may represent a predictor of longer duration of therapy. According to the mortality analysis, LCIG patients show a long lifespan. Delaying the initiation of LCIG does not affect the sustainability of LCIG therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00415-022-11269-7.
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Fasina OB, Wang J, Mo J, Osada H, Ohno H, Pan W, Xiang L, Qi J. Gastrodin From Gastrodia elata Enhances Cognitive Function and Neuroprotection of AD Mice via the Regulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Inhibition of Neuron Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:814271. [PMID: 35721206 PMCID: PMC9201506 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.814271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrodin (Gas) is known to exhibit neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the detailed mechanism of action is still unclear. In the present study, we focused on the microbiome–gut–brain axis to investigate the mechanism of action of Gas using a D-galactose (Dgal)–induced AD model. Gas reversed the memory dysfunction of Dgal-administered mice. Neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were reduced in the Dgal-administered group, and the decrease of neurons was suppressed in 90 and 210 mg/kg Gas treatment groups. 16S rRNA sequence analysis was carried out to explore the composition of gut microbiota in fecal samples of mice. Gas treatment had a positive correlation with Firmicutes and had a negative correlation with Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Deferribaceters. Importantly, the LPS and proinflammatory cytokines in the brain increased in Dgal-administered mice, but these parameters recovered to normal levels after oral administration of Gas. To determine whether the microbiota–gut–brain axis is involved in the neuroprotective effect of Gas, the mice were given antibiotic cocktail before and during the trial period to decrease the gut microbiota of mice. The antibiotic cocktail partially eliminated the neuroprotective effect of Gas by changing the gut microbiome composition. These results indicated that Gas improves the memory of the AD mouse model via partly targeting the microbiota–gut–brain axis and mitigating neuron inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi B Fasina
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyu Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxia Mo
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Intestinal Ecosystem, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Wensheng Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Xiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Qi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Exploring the multifactorial aspects of Gut Microbiome in Parkinson's Disease. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:693-706. [PMID: 35583791 PMCID: PMC9526693 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advanced research in health science has broadened our view in approaching and understanding the pathophysiology of diseases and has also revolutionised diagnosis and treatment. Ever since the establishment of Braak’s hypothesis in the propagation of alpha-synuclein from the distant olfactory and enteric nervous system towards the brain in Parkinson’s Disease (PD), studies have explored and revealed the involvement of altered gut microbiota in PD. This review recapitulates the gut microbiome associated with PD severity, duration, motor and non-motor symptoms, and antiparkinsonian treatment from recent literature. Gut microbial signatures in PD are potential predictors of the disease and are speculated to be used in early diagnosis and treatment. In brief, the review also emphasises on implications of the prebiotic, probiotic, faecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary interventions as alternative treatments in modulating the disease symptoms in PD.
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Lubomski M, Xu X, Holmes AJ, Muller S, Yang JYH, Davis RL, Sue CM. The Gut Microbiome in Parkinson’s Disease: A Longitudinal Study of the Impacts on Disease Progression and the Use of Device-Assisted Therapies. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:875261. [PMID: 35656540 PMCID: PMC9152137 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.875261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Altered gut microbiome (GM) composition has been established in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, few studies have longitudinally investigated the GM in PD, or the impact of device-assisted therapies. Objectives To investigate the temporal stability of GM profiles from PD patients on standard therapies and those initiating device-assisted therapies (DAT) and define multivariate models of disease and progression. Methods We evaluated validated clinical questionnaires and stool samples from 74 PD patients and 74 household controls (HCs) at 0, 6, and 12 months. Faster or slower disease progression was defined from levodopa equivalence dose and motor severity measures. 19 PD patients initiating Deep Brain Stimulation or Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel were separately evaluated at 0, 6, and 12 months post-therapy initiation. Results Persistent underrepresentation of short-chain fatty-acid-producing bacteria, Butyricicoccus, Fusicatenibacter, Lachnospiraceae ND3007 group, and Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003, were apparent in PD patients relative to controls. A sustained effect of DAT initiation on GM associations with PD was not observed. PD progression analysis indicated that the genus Barnesiella was underrepresented in faster progressing PD patients at t = 0 and t = 12 months. Two-stage predictive modeling, integrating microbiota abundances and nutritional profiles, improved predictive capacity (change in Area Under the Curve from 0.58 to 0.64) when assessed at Amplicon Sequence Variant taxonomic resolution. Conclusion We present longitudinal GM studies in PD patients, showing persistently altered GM profiles suggestive of a reduced butyrogenic production potential. DATs exerted variable GM influences across the short and longer-term. We found that specific GM profiles combined with dietary factors improved prediction of disease progression in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Lubomski
- Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Michal Lubomski,
| | - Xiangnan Xu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Sydney Precision Bioinformatics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- The Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Holmes
- The Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel Muller
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Sydney Precision Bioinformatics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean Y. H. Yang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Sydney Precision Bioinformatics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- The Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan L. Davis
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Carolyn M. Sue
- Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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Lubomski M, Xu X, Holmes AJ, Muller S, Yang JYH, Davis RL, Sue CM. Nutritional Intake and Gut Microbiome Composition Predict Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:881872. [PMID: 35645785 PMCID: PMC9131011 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.881872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Models to predict Parkinson's disease (PD) incorporating alterations of gut microbiome (GM) composition have been reported with varying success. Objective To assess the utility of GM compositional changes combined with macronutrient intake to develop a predictive model of PD. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the GM and nutritional intake in 103 PD patients and 81 household controls (HCs). GM composition was determined by 16S amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region of bacterial ribosomal DNA isolated from stool. To determine multivariate disease-discriminant associations, we developed two models using Random Forest and support-vector machine (SVM) methodologies. Results Using updated taxonomic reference, we identified significant compositional differences in the GM profiles of PD patients in association with a variety of clinical PD characteristics. Six genera were overrepresented and eight underrepresented in PD patients relative to HCs, with the largest difference being overrepresentation of Lactobacillaceae at family taxonomic level. Correlation analyses highlighted multiple associations between clinical characteristics and select taxa, whilst constipation severity, physical activity and pharmacological therapies associated with changes in beta diversity. The random forest model of PD, incorporating taxonomic data at the genus level and carbohydrate contribution to total energy demonstrated the best predictive capacity [Area under the ROC Curve (AUC) of 0.74]. Conclusion The notable differences in GM diversity and composition when combined with clinical measures and nutritional data enabled the development of a predictive model to identify PD. These findings support the combination of GM and nutritional data as a potentially useful biomarker of PD to improve diagnosis and guide clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Lubomski
- Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiangnan Xu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Sydney Precision Bioinformatics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Holmes
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel Muller
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Sydney Precision Bioinformatics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean Y. H. Yang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Sydney Precision Bioinformatics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan L. Davis
- Department of Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Carolyn M. Sue
- Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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Microbiome Changes in Humans with Parkinson's Disease after Photobiomodulation Therapy: A Retrospective Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12010049. [PMID: 35055364 PMCID: PMC8778696 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of information on the effect of photobiomodulation therapy on gut microbiome composition. Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder with few management options, although the gut microbiome has been suggested as a potential avenue of treatment. We retrospectively analysed the microbiome from human stool samples from a previously published study, which had demonstrated the efficacy of photobiomodulation to treat Parkinson’s patients’ symptoms. Specifically, we have observed changes in the microbiome of Parkinson’s patients after a 12-week treatment regimen with photobiomodulation to the abdomen, neck, head and nose. Noted were positive changes in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F:B) ratio, which is often interpreted as a proxy for gut health.
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21
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Kenna JE, Chua EG, Bakeberg M, Tay A, McGregor S, Gorecki A, Horne M, Marshall B, Mastaglia FL, Anderton RS. Changes in the Gut Microbiome and Predicted Functional Metabolic Effects in an Australian Parkinson's Disease Cohort. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:756951. [PMID: 34776854 PMCID: PMC8588830 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.756951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There has been increasing recognition of the importance of the gut microbiome in Parkinson's disease (PD), but the influence of geographic location has received little attention. The present study characterized the gut microbiota and associated changes in host metabolic pathways in an Australian cohort of people with PD (PwP). Methods: The study involved recruitment and assessment of 87 PwP from multiple Movement Disorders Clinics in Australia and 47 healthy controls. Illumina sequencing of the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene was used to distinguish inter-cohort differences in gut microbiota; KEGG analysis was subsequently performed to predict functional changes in host metabolic pathways. Results: The current findings identified significant differences in relative abundance and diversity of microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and specific bacterial taxa between PwP and control groups. Alpha diversity was significantly reduced in PwP when compared to controls. Differences were found in two phyla (Synergistetes and Proteobacteria; both increased in PwP), and five genera (Colidextribacter, Intestinibacter, Kineothrix, Agathobaculum, and Roseburia; all decreased in PwP). Within the PD cohort, there was no association identified between microbial composition and gender, constipation or use of gastrointestinal medication. Furthermore, KEGG analysis identified 15 upregulated and 11 downregulated metabolic pathways which were predicted to be significantly altered in PwP. Conclusion: This study provides the first comprehensive characterization of the gut microbiome and predicted functional metabolic effects in a southern hemisphere PD population, further exploring the possible mechanisms whereby the gut microbiota may exert their influence on this disease, and providing evidence for the incorporation of such data in future individualized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade E Kenna
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Eng Guan Chua
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Megan Bakeberg
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - Alfred Tay
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Sarah McGregor
- Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Anastazja Gorecki
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Malcolm Horne
- Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Barry Marshall
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Frank L Mastaglia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Ryan S Anderton
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,School of Nursing, Midwifery, Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
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