1
|
Sangani P, Temple S, Bhandary S, Narayanan R, Johnson E, Das AV, Ali MH, Takkar B. Macular Pigment Assessment in Indian Population Using Degree of Polarization Threshold: Impact of Diet on Macular Pigment Density. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:20. [PMID: 38517446 PMCID: PMC10981160 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.3.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine macular pigment (MP) density scores in healthy Indians and examine correlations with demographic and lifestyle variables. Methods We observed 484 Indians without an ocular pathology. Body mass index (BMI) and self-reported lifestyle factors (sunglasses usage, physical activity, and smoking) were noted. MP density was assessed as the threshold of perception of the shadow of their macular pigments on their retina using a new MP assessment tool (MP-eye). Lutein and zeaxanthin intake was assessed using a prevalidated questionnaire regionally designed for the Indian diet. Clusters of participants were created for statistical analysis based on MP-eye scores secondarily to detect any relevant effects in very low, low, medium, and high ranges of MPs. Results Data analyzed included 235 males and 249 females with mean age of 36.1 ± 12.9 years (range, 14-72). The median MP-eye score was 6 (range, 0-10, with 10 being high). Most were non-smokers (413, 85.3%) and did not use sunglasses (438, 90.5%), and 314 (64.9%) had low physical activity. Diabetes was present in 62 participants (12.8%) and hypertension in 53 (10.9%). Advancing age (r = -0.209; P < 0.000) and BMI (r = -0.094; P = 0.038) had weak negative correlation with MP-eye scores. Hypertension was less prevalent (7/88) in the cluster with the highest median MP-eye score (P = 0.033). Dietary intake of MPs and other lifestyle factors did not correlate significantly with MP-eye score overall or when analyzed in clusters. Conclusions MP-eye scores of an Indian population were normally distributed. Higher age, high BMI, and presence of hypertension were weakly associated with lower MP-eye scores. The impact of diet on MPs requires further evaluation. Translational Relevance This normative regional database enables risk stratification of macular degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Payal Sangani
- Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research Centre (IHOPE), LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shelby Temple
- School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Azul Optics, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Shashank Bhandary
- Suven Clinical Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Raja Narayanan
- Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research Centre (IHOPE), LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Anthony Vipin Das
- Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research Centre (IHOPE), LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Md Hasnat Ali
- Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research Centre (IHOPE), LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Computational Biostatistics and Data Science, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Brijesh Takkar
- Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research Centre (IHOPE), LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li X, Holt RR, Keen CL, Morse LS, Zivkovic AM, Yiu G, Hackman RM. Potential roles of dietary zeaxanthin and lutein in macular health and function. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:670-683. [PMID: 36094616 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin are three xanthophyll carotenoid pigments that selectively concentrate in the center of the retina. Humans cannot synthesize lutein and zeaxanthin, so these compounds must be obtained from the diet or supplements, with meso-zeaxanthin being converted from lutein in the macula. Xanthophylls are major components of macular pigments that protect the retina through the provision of oxidant defense and filtering of blue light. The accumulation of these three xanthophylls in the central macula can be quantified with non-invasive methods, such as macular pigment optical density (MPOD). MPOD serves as a useful tool for assessing risk for, and progression of, age-related macular degeneration, the third leading cause of blindness worldwide. Dietary surveys suggest that the dietary intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin are decreasing. In addition to low dietary intake, pregnancy and lactation may compromise the lutein and zeaxanthin status of both the mother and infant. Lutein is found in modest amounts in some orange- and yellow-colored vegetables, yellow corn products, and in egg yolks, but rich sources of zeaxanthin are not commonly consumed. Goji berries contain the highest known levels of zeaxanthin of any food, and regular intake of these bright red berries may help protect against the development of age-related macular degeneration through an increase in MPOD. The purpose of this review is to summarize the protective function of macular xanthophylls in the eye, speculate on the compounds' role in maternal and infant health, suggest the establishment of recommended dietary values for lutein and zeaxanthin, and introduce goji berries as a rich food source of zeaxanthin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- are with the Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Roberta R Holt
- are with the Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Carl L Keen
- are with the Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
- is with the Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Lawrence S Morse
- are with the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Angela M Zivkovic
- re with the Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Glenn Yiu
- are with the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Robert M Hackman
- are with the Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alsaqr A, Alharbi M, Aldossary N, Alruwished A, Alharbi M, Alghaib K, Alabdulkarim A, Alhamdan S, Almutleb E, Abusharha A. Assessment of macular pigment optical density in Arab population and its relationship to people's anthropometric data: a cross-sectional study. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2023; 15:25158414231189099. [PMID: 37599800 PMCID: PMC10436989 DOI: 10.1177/25158414231189099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anthropometry facilitates the evaluation of risks associated with reduced macular pigment optical density (MPOD). Objectives To investigate the predictors and anthropometric indices associated with MPOD in healthy adult in Arab population. Design This is a cross-sectional study. Methods The MPOD was measured at 0.5° from fovea using a heterochromatic flicker photometer. Healthy participants aged between 20 and 40 years were recruited. The study evaluated the following data of the participants: height, weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, basal metabolic rate, visceral fat level, muscle mass, bone mineral content, and percentage of protein and body water. The correlation between MPOD with anthropometrics and demographic data was evaluated using Spearman's correlation test. The differences among genders were investigated using the Mann-Whitney U test. The smoking effect on MPOD was analyzed using the Friedman test. Results In all, 143 participants were recruited. The median ± interquartile range was calculated for age (23 ± 4 years), visual acuity (0.00 ± 0.00 logMAR), and MPOD (0.41 ± 0.18). The average MPOD was higher in males than in females but it was not statistically significant (p > 0.05); on the other hand, they were statistically significantly different in most of the anthropometric data. A significant relationship was found between MPOD and percentage of body fat, protein, and body water (r = 0.30, p < 0.05). The observed median MPOD value was higher in this study than that found in previous studies in white populations, but lower than that found in studies investigating Asian populations. Conclusion One of the most important risk factors of age-related macular degeneration is associated with a relative absence of macular pigment. This study brought into focus percentage of protein and body water for further studies as well as the well-established links with body fat and obesity. Unknown predictors of MPOD remain uncovered. The study also provided first report on normative values of MPOD for Arab population and confirmed the differences from other ethnicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alsaqr
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Alharbi
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura Aldossary
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alruwished
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alharbi
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alghaib
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Alabdulkarim
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Alhamdan
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam Almutleb
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Abusharha
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sae-Lao W, Wunjuntuk K, Techakriengkrai T, Sirichakwal PP, Yaisawang S, Kom-on S. Macular pigment optical density in a Thai sample. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2022.2085558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wipada Sae-Lao
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lutein and Zeaxanthin Distribution in the Healthy Macula and Its Association with Various Demographic Factors Examined in Pseudophakic Eyes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121857. [PMID: 34942960 PMCID: PMC8698861 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The macular pigment consisting of lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) protects photoreceptors via its antioxidative and barrier activities. This study aimed to determine L and Z distribution in the healthy macula and their association with various demographic factors. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) was measured using fundus autofluorescence spectroscopy in 352 pseudophakic eyes with no fundus diseases. Pseudophakia was chosen to avoid the influence of cataract in the measurement of fundus autofluorescence. The mean patient age was 72.3 ± 8.6 years. MPOD was analyzed separately in three zones, i.e., A: a central area within a radius of 0.5°, mainly containing Z; B: a ring area with radii from 0.5° to 1.3°, containing Z and L; C: a ring area with radii from 1.3° to 9°, containing L. Multivariate analyses were performed with MPOD as the dependent variable and sex, supplement intake, smoking habits, glaucoma, diabetes, age, body mass index (BMI), skin carotenoid levels, retinal thickness, retinal volume, axial length as the independent variables. The mean total MPOD volume within 9° eccentricity was 20,121 ± 6293. Age was positively associated with MPOD in all zones. Supplement and BMI were positively and negatively associated with MPOD in zones B and C. Smoking was negatively associated with MPOD in zone A. This study revealed the standard MP values of aged Japanese, which resulted to be higher than the previously reported values in other races. Age was found to have a positive association with MP values. L in the outer foveola was affected by BMI and supplements, but Z in the foveola was not. The amount of Z in the Müller cell cone may not be changed easily by factors such as hunger and satiety in the context of preservation of homeostasis in the human body, but tobacco had a negative effect on Z.
Collapse
|
6
|
Srinivasan R, Teussink MM, Sloan KR, Surya J, Raman R. Evaluation of Macular Pigment Optical Density in Healthy Eyes Based on Dual-Wavelength Autofluorescence Imaging in South Indian Population. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:40. [PMID: 32855886 PMCID: PMC7422903 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.8.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To estimate macular pigment optical density (MPOD) values across different age groups in the South Indian population across various spatial profiles using dual-wavelength autofluorescence. Methods Sixty eyes of 31 healthy subjects underwent MPOD measurement with Spectralis HRA+OCT. The average MPOD and macular pigment optical volume (MPOV) at 1°, 2°, and 6° radii, the mean MPOD in the classical Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid, and the spatial profiles of two different age groups across 12 plots covering the radial sectors were recorded. Results The mean age was 39.1 ± 12.7 years. The mean MPOD and MPOV values were 0.38 ± 0.11 and 787.95 ± 225.13 at 1° eccentricity, 0.23 ± 0.08 and 2000 ± 708.24 at 2° eccentricity, and 0.05 ± 0.02 and 4335 ± 2007.71 at 6° eccentricity, respectively. In the ETDRS grid, the mean MPOD was found to be highest in the central sector and lowest in the inferior peripheral ring. We also found that along the radial sectors the lower quadrants tended to have low MPOD as compared to the upper quadrants. Subjects 40 years of age or older had significantly higher averaged MPOD in certain areas (–15° to 15° and 75° to 105°) along the radial sectors than subjects less than 40 years of age. Conclusions This study establishes a reference value for future studies of diseased eyes in the South Indian population. Translational Relevance Our study is unique in that it reports MPOD among the South Indian population across different age groups, as well as the distribution of MPOD in all nine zones of the classical ETDRS grid and various spatial profiles covering the 30° radial sectors centered on the fovea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramyaa Srinivasan
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Department of Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Kenneth R Sloan
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Janani Surya
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Department of Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajiv Raman
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Department of Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hong IH, Jung WH, Lee JH, Chang IB. Macular Pigment Optical Density in the Korean Population: a Cross Sectional Study. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35:e30. [PMID: 32030919 PMCID: PMC7008070 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the macular pigment optical density (MPOD) with age in the Korean population using the Macular Pigment Screener II (MPSII®). METHODS One hundred and twenty-six eyes were retrospectively reviewed. MPOD was measured using MPSII®, which uses a heterochromatic flicker photometry method, and the estimated values were analyzed. Spearman's correlation test was used to evaluate correlations between MPOD and age. The association between MPOD and age was determined using a simple linear regression analysis. MPODs among the four groups were compared via the post hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction, MPODs between the age-related macular degeneration (AMD) group and aged-matched healthy subjects were compared via the Mann-Whitney U test. Other risk factors for AMD were identified via a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Estimated MPOD decreased significantly with increasing age in the general population. In the simple regression analysis, a statistically significant linear regression model was observed, and the estimated values of MPOD decreased by ?0.005 as age increased by 1 year. Aged (> 50 years) showed lower MPOD than younger (30-49 years) subjects. But, in the healthy population, the estimated MPOD values exhibited a decreasing trend with age, but there were no significant differences according to age, after excluding patients with AMD. MPOD was significantly lower in patients with AMD than in aged healthy controls. Furthermore, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking were identified as risk factors for AMD. CONCLUSION MPOD measured with MPSII® reflects the MP density in healthy individuals and patients with dry AMD. Aging was not significantly associated with low MPOD in healthy population, but the presence of dry AMD was significantly associated with low MPOD. Then, low MPOD may be a risk factor for development of dry AMD. Furthermore, routine screening with MPS II® for ages 50 and older is thought to help detect early low MPOD and identify individuals who should take supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In Hwan Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae Hyup Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - In Boem Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Obana A, Gohto Y, Moriyama T, Seto T, Sasano H, Okazaki S. Reliability of a commercially available heterochromatic flicker photometer, the MPS2, for measuring the macular pigment optical density of a Japanese population. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2018; 62:473-480. [PMID: 29594609 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-018-0588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The macular pigment optical density (MPOD) of a Japanese population was measured using a commercially based heterochromatic flicker photometer, the Macular Pigment Screener (MPS2). The objective of the study was to evaluate the accuracy and test-retest reliability of the MPS2 in Asian pigmented eyes. STUDY DESIGN Experimental study to validate the medical instrument in humans. METHODS Twenty-four healthy Japanese participants with no systemic or eye diseases (men: 13, women: 11; mean [SD] age 38.6 [10.9 years]) were included. The concordance of the MPOD, obtained using the MPS2 and Macular Metrics II (MM2), and the test-retest reliability were examined. RESULTS Determination of the MPOD was unsuccessful in 1 participant; thus, the MPOD of 23 participants was analyzed. The mean (SD) MPOD measured with the detail-mode of the MPS2 was 0.63 (0.18) and with that of the MM2, it was 0.72 (0.23). The former was significantly lower than the latter (P = .003, paired t test). The MPOD measured with the MPS2 and the MM2 showed good concordance (r = 0.79, P < .001, Pearson product moment correlation). Bland-Altman analyses showed no systematic errors between the MPS2 and the MM2. The intraclass correlation coefficient over 5 measurement times with the detail-mode of the MPS2 was 0.80, and the mean coefficient of variation was 9.4%. CONCLUSION The high concordance with the MM2 and good test-retest reliability found by this study suggest that the MPS2 is acceptable for use in a Japanese population. However, the mean MPOD yielded by the MPS2 was significantly lower than that yielded by the MM2. Therefore, the MPS2 and MM2 are not interchangeable in a single study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Obana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 1-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, 430-8558, Japan. .,Department of Medical Spectroscopy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Yuko Gohto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 1-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, 430-8558, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Moriyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 1-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, 430-8558, Japan
| | - Takahiko Seto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 1-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, 430-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 1-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, 430-8558, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Okazaki
- Department of Medical Spectroscopy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jorge LPC, Pereira CEG, Jorge E, de Ávila MP. Macular pigment optical density in a Brazilian sample. Int J Retina Vitreous 2018; 4:4. [PMID: 29387455 PMCID: PMC5776767 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-018-0107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and to identify its determinants in a sample of Brazilian individuals. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. One hundred three healthy individuals had both eyes photographed using a Visucam 500 digital fundus camera (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) in combination with the MPOD module. Four variables were obtained: maximum MPOD, mean MPOD, MPOD volume, and MPOD area. Demographic data and information on lifestyle habits were also collected.
Results Mean MPOD was 0.14 density unit ± 0.05. MPOD was not influenced by gender, smoking history, or refractive error. MPOD was significantly higher among black individuals than among white and biracial individuals. There was a positive but low correlation between MPOD and age. Conclusion This study found MPOD values to be similar to those found in European samples but lower than other studies performed on Asian and Australian samples. This is the first data regarding MPOD in a South American Population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo Jorge
- Instituto Panamericano da Visão, Street T 8 No. 171 Setor Marista, 74150-060 Goiânia, GO Brazil
| | - Marcos Pereira de Ávila
- 2Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av 1 No. 355 Setor Universitário, 74605-020 Goiânia, GO Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Temple SE, McGregor JE, Miles C, Graham L, Miller J, Buck J, Scott-Samuel NE, Roberts NW. Perceiving polarization with the naked eye: characterization of human polarization sensitivity. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:rspb.2015.0338. [PMID: 26136441 PMCID: PMC4528539 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Like many animals, humans are sensitive to the polarization of light. We can detect the angle of polarization using an entoptic phenomenon called Haidinger's brushes, which is mediated by dichroic carotenoids in the macula lutea. While previous studies have characterized the spectral sensitivity of Haidinger's brushes, other aspects remain unexplored. We developed a novel methodology for presenting gratings in polarization-only contrast at varying degrees of polarization in order to measure the lower limits of human polarized light detection. Participants were, on average, able to perform the task down to a threshold of 56%, with some able to go as low as 23%. This makes humans the most sensitive vertebrate tested to date. Additionally, we quantified a nonlinear relationship between presented and perceived polarization angle when an observer is presented with a rotatable polarized light field. This result confirms a previous theoretical prediction of how uniaxial corneal birefringence impacts the perception of Haidinger's brushes. The rotational dynamics of Haidinger's brushes were then used to calculate corneal retardance.We suggest that psychophysical experiments, based upon the perception of polarized light, are amenable to the production of affordable technologies for self-assessment and longitudinal monitoring of visual dysfunctions such as age-related macular degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby E. Temple
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
- e-mail:
| | | | - Camilla Miles
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Laura Graham
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Josie Miller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Jordan Buck
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ji Y, Zhang X, Wu K, Su Y, Zuo C, Chen H, Li M, Wen F. Macular pigment optical density in a healthy Chinese population. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93:e550-5. [PMID: 25588897 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure the macular pigment optical density (MPOD) values in a healthy Chinese population using the one-wavelength reflectometry method and to investigate the relationships of MPOD with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking and lens opacities. METHODS A total of 441 healthy participants, aged 3-81 years old (242 male and 199 female subjects), were enrolled in this study. Demographic and lifestyle data were recorded based on physical examinations and questionnaires. Lens opacities were measured according to the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III). MPOD values were measured at 7° of eccentricity, using the one-wavelength reflectometry method (Visucam 200; Carl Zeiss Meditec). MPOD values were reported in parameters including 'max' and 'mean' optical density (OD). The original MPOD values without automated correction were used for analysis. RESULTS The average values were 0.303 ± 0.097 d.u. (initials of density units) for the max OD and 0.109 ± 0.031 d.u. for the mean OD. A significant inverse relationship was found between age and MPOD (for max OD, β = -0.716, p < 0.001; for mean OD, β = -0.669, p < 0.001). Participants with no lens opacities had higher MPOD values than those with moderate lens opacities (p < 0.001). The MPOD values were not associated with sex, BMI or smoking status. CONCLUSION MPOD within 7° of eccentricity, as measured by one-wavelength reflectometry, was found to decrease with increasing age in a healthy Chinese population, and lens opacities had an impact on these measurements. These results provide a reference value for future studies in the Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiongze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Kunfang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Chengguo Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Feng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stringham NT, Stringham JM. Temporal Visual Mechanisms May Mediate Compensation for Macular Pigment. Perception 2015; 44:1400-15. [PMID: 26562864 DOI: 10.1177/0301006615607119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Macular pigment (MP) is a pre-receptoral filter that is diet derived and deposited in relatively high optical density in the foveal region of the retina. Due to its yellow coloration, MP absorbs light of relatively short wavelengths, ranging from 400 nm to 520 nm. Despite the spectral and spatial nonuniformity imposed upon the sensory retina by MP, perception appears to be relatively uniform across the central visual field. MP therefore offers an opportunity to determine experimentally potential mechanisms responsible for mediating this uniformity. After assessing, in 14 subjects, MP's effects on the temporal sensitivity of both the short-wavelength- and middle-/long-wavelength-sensitive visual pathways, it appears that the visual system compensates for absorption of short-wavelength light by MP by slowing the sampling rate of short-wavelength cones and by increasing the processing speed of middle-/long-wavelength-sensitive cones. This mechanism could work via temporal summation or a temporal neural code, whereby slower response dynamics lead to amplification of relatively weak signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole T Stringham
- Nutritional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USANeuroscience Division, Biomedical and Health Science Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - James M Stringham
- Nutritional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|