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Parameshwar PK, Li C, Arnauts K, Jiang J, Rostami S, Campbell BE, Lu H, Rosenzweig DH, Vaillancourt C, Moraes C. Directed biomechanical compressive forces enhance fusion efficiency in model placental trophoblast cultures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11312. [PMID: 38760496 PMCID: PMC11101427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The syncytiotrophoblast is a multinucleated structure that arises from fusion of mononucleated cytotrophoblasts, to sheath the placental villi and regulate transport across the maternal-fetal interface. Here, we ask whether the dynamic mechanical forces that must arise during villous development might influence fusion, and explore this question using in vitro choriocarcinoma trophoblast models. We demonstrate that mechanical stress patterns arise around sites of localized fusion in cell monolayers, in patterns that match computational predictions of villous morphogenesis. We then externally apply these mechanical stress patterns to cell monolayers and demonstrate that equibiaxial compressive stresses (but not uniaxial or equibiaxial tensile stresses) enhance expression of the syndecan-1 and loss of E-cadherin as markers of fusion. These findings suggest that the mechanical stresses that contribute towards sculpting the placental villi may also impact fusion in the developing tissue. We then extend this concept towards 3D cultures and demonstrate that fusion can be enhanced by applying low isometric compressive stresses to spheroid models, even in the absence of an inducing agent. These results indicate that mechanical stimulation is a potent activator of cellular fusion, suggesting novel avenues to improve experimental reproductive modelling, placental tissue engineering, and understanding disorders of pregnancy development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kaline Arnauts
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Junqing Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sabra Rostami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Benjamin E Campbell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hongyan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Derek Hadar Rosenzweig
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Injury, Repair and Recovery Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal, and Research Center Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) du Nord-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christopher Moraes
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Thach B, Wang Y, Heng S, Nie G. HtrA4 is required for human trophoblast stem cell differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast. Placenta 2024; 147:68-77. [PMID: 38325051 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The syncytiotrophoblast (STB) of the human placenta facilitates vital maternal-fetal communication and is maintained by fusion (syncytialization) of cytotrophoblasts. Serine protease HtrA4 (high temperature requirement factor A4) is highly expressed only in the human placenta and was previously reported to be important for BeWo fusion. This study investigated whether HtrA4 is critical for differentiation of human trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) into STB. METHODS Primary TSCs were isolated from first trimester placentas (n = 5) and validated by immunofluorescence (IF) for CD49f, CK7 and vimentin. TSCs were then differentiated into STB and the success of syncytialization was confirmed by RT-PCR, IF and ELISA of known markers. TSCs were next stably transfected with a HtrA4-targetting CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid, and cells with severe HtrA4 knockdown (HtrA4-KD) were analyzed to investigate the impact on STB differentiation. RESULTS Primary TSCs were confirmed to be of high purity by staining positively for CD49f and CK7 but negatively for vimentin. These TSCs readily syncytialized when stimulated for STB differentiation, significantly increasing β-hCG and syncytin-1, substantially decreasing E-cadherin, and markedly losing cell borders. While TSCs produced very low levels of HtrA4, upon stimulation for STB differentiation the cells drastically upregulated HtrA4 expression; secretion of HtrA4 protein also increased sharply, correlating positively and significantly with that of β-hCG. The HtrA4-KD TSCs, however, failed to show this surge of HtrA4 production upon stimulation, and ultimately remained primarily mononucleated with no significant STB differentiation. DISCUSSION This study demonstrates that HtrA4 plays a critical role in TSC differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bothidah Thach
- Implantation and Pregnancy Research Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Yao Wang
- Implantation and Pregnancy Research Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Sophea Heng
- Implantation and Pregnancy Research Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Guiying Nie
- Implantation and Pregnancy Research Laboratory, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.
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Biyik I, Metineren H, Ozturk E, Simsek S, Oztas E, Guldur ME, Ince O. Placental T-Cadherin Correlates With Trophoblastic Invasion Anomalies: Placenta Percreta and Fetal Growth Restriction. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2023; 42:293-300. [PMID: 36731049 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we compared the placental T-cadherin staining intensity of pregnant women with placenta percreta (PP) and asymmetrical fetal growth restriction (FGR) compared with healthy control pregnancies. Placental T-cadherin levels of the placenta of 86 pregnant women in total, 25 with FGR, 30 with healthy pregnant subjects, and 31 with PP, were examined using monoclonal anti-T-cadherin (CDH13) antibody for immunohistochemical examination. In immunohistochemistry, H -scores were used for each group to compare the expression of T-cadherin in extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells. T-cadherin H -score of EVTs was highest in the FGR group and the lowest in the PP group. The difference in H -score between the FGR group and the control group was not statistically significant ( P =0.344). The difference between the PP group and the other 2 groups was significant ( P <0.0001). Multivariable linear regression analysis with a stepwise elimination method was performed in order to identify demographic and clinical parameters with significant effects on the T-cadherin H -score of EVTs. The estimation results identified only the disease group as a significant predictor of the H -score of EVTs ( R2 =0.340, P <0.0001). The highest T-cadherin H -score of EVTs was found in the FGR group and the lowest in the PP group. The low T-cadherin H-score values in the PP group suggest that low T-cadherin EVTs may be associated with increased placental invasion. Likewise, despite the statistical insignificance, a higher T-cadherin H -score of EVTs in FGR compared with controls implies a decreased invasiveness of the placenta in FGR.
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Chen M, Chao B, Xu J, Liu Z, Tao Y, He J, Wang J, Yang H, Luo X, Qi H. CPT1A modulates PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to promote preeclampsia. Placenta 2023; 133:23-31. [PMID: 36702079 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia (PE) refers to a syndrome of new-onset hypertension with multisystem involvement and damage after 20 weeks of gestation. Defective placentation due to dysregulated behaviors of trophoblast cells is considered a predominant cause of PE. METHODS Immunofluorescence (if) and Western blot were used to detect the expression and localization of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) in placenta. CPT1A protein was overexpressed/knocked down in HTR8/SVneo cells by lentiviral/siRNA interference method. CCK-8 Assay, Western blot, flow cytometry, Wound healing and Transwell assay were used to detect the functional impact of CPT1A on HTR8/SVneo cells. Transcriptomics and bioinformatics analysis were used to predict the possible pathway of CPT1A participating in PE. RESULTS CPT1A was upregulated in preeclamptic placentas when compared with normal controls. The abnormal expression of CPT1A in HTR8/SVneo cells is associated with the invasion and migration of HTR8/SVneo cells but is not related to the proliferation, cycle, and apoptosis of HTR8/SVneo cells. The results of Transcriptomic and Western blots suggest that phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway are activated in the si-CPT1A-1796 group. Compared with the si-NC group, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of HTR8/SVneo cells in the si-CPT1A- 1796 group was significantly enhanced. DISCUSSION CPT1A may participate in the pathogenesis of PE by inhibiting the EMT process of HTR8/SVneo cells through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis. Thus, the newly unveiled novel function of CPT1A in PE via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway provides a novel insight into the pathogenesis of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Affiliated Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China; China-Canada-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Bingdi Chao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China; China-Canada-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiacheng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China; China-Canada-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China; China-Canada-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuelan Tao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China; China-Canada-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China; China-Canada-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China; China-Canada-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China; China-Canada-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China; China-Canada-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China; China-Canada-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China; Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China.
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Atigan A, Tan S, Cetin H, Guler OT, Ozdamar S, Karakaya YA. CD97 expression level and its effect on cell adhesion in Preeclampsia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:967. [PMID: 36572878 PMCID: PMC9791749 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cellular interactions and cell adhesion underlie preeclampsia (PE). The aim of the current study is to investigate the role of cell adhesion molecules such as CD97, neural (N)-cadherin, epithelial (E) -cadherin and integrin beta-4 in PE. METHODS This prospective study included 20 pregnant women with PE and a control group of 16 healthy pregnant women who were matched for age, gestational age, gravida and parity. Standard blood tests and placental cell adhesion molecule immunohistochemical staining were examined. RESULTS The creatinine, uric acid and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels from standard blood tests were found to be statistically higher in the PE group (p = 0.002, p = 0.000, p = 0.001; respectively). In the PE group, the CD97 maternal serum level was statistically significantly lower, as was its immunohistochemical expression in placental sections (p = 0.028, p = 0.000; respectively). The E-cadherin expression score was statistically higher in the PE group compared to the control group (3,65 ± 1,84 vs 2,06 ± 1,76 respectively; p = 0.003). The N-cadherin expression score was statistically lower in the PE group compared to the control group (1,50 ± 0,82 vs 2,43 ± 1,59 respectively; p = 0.049). Integrin beta-4 was not statistically different between groups. CONCLUSIONS Cellular interaction may be responsible for PE as in cancer. A balance in intercellular communication, as researched in cancer therapy, may offer the solution in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Atigan
- grid.440448.80000 0004 0384 3505Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, School of Medicine, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Semih Tan
- grid.411742.50000 0001 1498 3798Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Hulya Cetin
- grid.411742.50000 0001 1498 3798Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Omer Tolga Guler
- grid.411742.50000 0001 1498 3798Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Saim Ozdamar
- grid.411742.50000 0001 1498 3798Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Arman Karakaya
- grid.411742.50000 0001 1498 3798Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Chen CP, Wang LK, Chen CY, Chen CY, Kuo YH, Wu YH. Decreased junctional adhesion molecule 3 expression induces reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis in trophoblasts. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:1264-1278. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecule 3 (JAM3) involved in epithelial cell junction, cell polarity and motility. The molecular mechanisms underlying the role of JAM3 in placental dysfunction remain unclear. We hypothesized that JAM3 expression regulates trophoblast fusion, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Our results revealed that JAM3 was expressed in the cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts of first-trimester and term placental villi. JAM3 expression in cell–cell junctions decreased with the formation of syncytiotrophoblasts. Using trophoblasts as an in vitro model, we observed that forskolin and JAM3 knockdown significantly reduced JAM3 expression and increased syncytium formation. JAM3 knockdown additionally inhibited trophoblast proliferation and increased the number of trophoblasts in the sub-G1 and G2/M phases, indicating cell cycle disturbance and apoptosis. Cell cycle arrest was associated with the engagement of Checkpoint kinase 2–cell division cycle 25C–Cyclin-dependent kinase 1/Cyclin B1 signaling. Increased expression of BIM, NOXA, XAF1, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3 further indicated trophoblast apoptosis. Overexpression of JAM3 or recombinant JAM3 protein enhanced trophoblast adhesion and migration, which were inhibited by JAM3 knockdown. JAM3 knockdown induced reactive oxygen species and syncytin 2 expression in trophoblasts. Furthermore, H2O2-induced oxidative stress reduced JAM3 expression in trophoblasts and cell culture supernatants. H2O2 simultaneously induced trophoblast apoptosis. JAM3 expression was significantly decreased in the plasmas and placentas of patients with early-onset severe preeclampsia. Thus, our results demonstrate that JAM3 may not only be a structural component of trophoblast cell junctions but also regulate trophoblast fusion, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and motility. Dysregulated trophoblast JAM3 expression is crucial in preeclampsia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie-Pein Chen
- Division of High Risk Pregnancy
- Department of Medical Research , MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chia-Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Research , MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Kuo
- Department of Medical Research , MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Wu
- Department of Medical Research , MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Renaud SJ, Jeyarajah MJ. How trophoblasts fuse: an in-depth look into placental syncytiotrophoblast formation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:433. [PMID: 35859055 PMCID: PMC11072895 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In humans, cell fusion is restricted to only a few cell types under normal conditions. In the placenta, cell fusion is a critical process for generating syncytiotrophoblast: the giant multinucleated trophoblast lineage containing billions of nuclei within an interconnected cytoplasm that forms the primary interface separating maternal blood from fetal tissue. The unique morphology of syncytiotrophoblast ensures that nutrients and gases can be efficiently transferred between maternal and fetal tissue while simultaneously restricting entry of potentially damaging substances and maternal immune cells through intercellular junctions. To maintain integrity of the syncytiotrophoblast layer, underlying cytotrophoblast progenitor cells terminate their capability for self-renewal, upregulate expression of genes needed for differentiation, and then fuse into the overlying syncytium. These processes are disrupted in a variety of obstetric complications, underscoring the importance of proper syncytiotrophoblast formation for pregnancy health. Herein, an overview of key mechanisms underlying human trophoblast fusion and syncytiotrophoblast development is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Renaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5C1, Canada.
| | - Mariyan J Jeyarajah
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5C1, Canada
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Sağsöz H, Liman N, Akbalık ME, Alan E, Saruhan BG, Ketani MA, Erdoğan S. Expression of cadherins and some connective tissue components in cow uterus and placenta during pregnancy. Res Vet Sci 2022; 151:64-79. [PMID: 35870371 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The implantation and placental development processes are regulated with cell adhesion molecules and remodeling of the maternal endometrium's extracellular matrices (ECM) and fetal chorion. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and localization of some classical cadherins (E-, N-, and P-cadherins) and extracellular matrix components collagen type 5α1, fibronectin, and laminin in the cow placentomes during pregnancy using immunohistochemical and Western blotting analyses. The study results confirmed the expression of E- and P-cadherins, collagen type Vα1 (COLVα1), fibronectin, and laminin in the cow placentomes, but not N-cadherin. Throughout the pregnancy, E- and P- cadherins, COLVα1, and laminin were localized in the luminal and glandular epithelium of the inter-caruncular endometrium, caruncular epithelium, and the uninucleate (UNCs) and binucleate trophoblast giant cells (BNCs/TGCs). E- cadherin immunoreactivity in the first pregnancy period was strong in the UNCs while moderate in the BNCs/TGCs. However, it was weak in both trophoblast in the second and third pregnancy periods. In the fetal trophoblasts, P- cadherin and laminin immunostainings were more intense in the BNCs/TGCs than UNCs. The fetal and maternal stromal cells were also positive for P- cadherin, COLVα1, fibronectin, and laminin. The immunostaining intensity of COLVα1 and fibronectin in the stromal extracellular matrix of the placentomes decreased as the pregnancy progressed. The endothelia of fetal and maternal vessels were positive for all proteins. The presence and distinct localization of cadherins and ECM proteins in the cow placentome components support the role of these molecules in regulating placental cell growth, migration, and matrix production during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Sağsöz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dicle, 21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey.
| | - Narin Liman
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - M Erdem Akbalık
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dicle, 21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Emel Alan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Berna Güney Saruhan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dicle, 21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - M Aydın Ketani
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dicle, 21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Serkan Erdoğan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, 59000, Tekirdağ, Turkey
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Ortega MA, Chaowen C, Fraile-Martinez O, García-Montero C, Saez MA, Cruza I, Pereda-Cerquella C, Alvarez-Mon MA, Guijarro LG, Fatych Y, Menor-Salván C, Alvarez-Mon M, De Leon-Luis J, Buján J, Garcia-Honduvilla N, Bravo C, Asúnsolo-del-Barco A. Chronic Venous Disease in Pregnant Women Causes an Increase in ILK in the Placental Villi Associated with a Decrease in E-Cadherin. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020277. [PMID: 35207765 PMCID: PMC8875350 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a multifactorial vascular disorder frequently manifested in lower limbs in the form of varicose veins (VVs). Women are a vulnerable population for suffering from CVD, especially during pregnancy, when a plethora of changes occur in their cardiovascular system. Previous studies have indicated a worrisome association between CVD in pregnancy with the placental structure and function. Findings include an altered cellular behavior and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a critical molecule involved in multiple physiological and pathological conditions, and together with cadherins, is essential to mediate cell to ECM and cell to cell interplay, respectively. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the implication of ILK and a set of cadherins (e-cadherin, cadherin-6 and cadherin-17) in placentas of women with CVD in order to unravel the possible pathophysiological role of these components. Gene expression (RT-qPCR) and protein expression (immunohistochemistry) studies were performed. Our results show a significant increase in the gene and protein expression of ILK, cadherin-6 and cadherin-17 and a decrease of e-cadherin in the placenta of women with CVD. Overall, this work shows that an abnormal expression of ILK, e-cadherin, cadherin-6 and cadherin-17 may be implicated in the pathological changes occurring in the placental tissue. Further studies should be conducted to determine the possible associations of these changes with maternal and fetal well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.C.); (C.P.-C.); (M.A.A.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (A.A.-d.-B.)
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.A.O.); (C.B.); Tel.: +34-91-885-45-40 (M.A.O.); Fax: +34-91-885-48-85 (M.A.O.)
| | - Chen Chaowen
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.C.); (C.P.-C.); (M.A.A.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (A.A.-d.-B.)
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.C.); (C.P.-C.); (M.A.A.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (A.A.-d.-B.)
| | - Miguel A. Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.C.); (C.P.-C.); (M.A.A.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (A.A.-d.-B.)
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH, 28001 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Cruza
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.C.); (C.P.-C.); (M.A.A.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
| | - Claude Pereda-Cerquella
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.C.); (C.P.-C.); (M.A.A.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
| | - Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.C.); (C.P.-C.); (M.A.A.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (A.A.-d.-B.)
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (A.A.-d.-B.)
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (Y.F.); (C.M.-S.)
| | - Yuliia Fatych
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (Y.F.); (C.M.-S.)
| | - César Menor-Salván
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (Y.F.); (C.M.-S.)
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.C.); (C.P.-C.); (M.A.A.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (A.A.-d.-B.)
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Oncology Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, CIBEREHD, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Juan De Leon-Luis
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Buján
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.C.); (C.P.-C.); (M.A.A.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (A.A.-d.-B.)
| | - Natalio Garcia-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (I.C.); (C.P.-C.); (M.A.A.-M.); (M.A.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (A.A.-d.-B.)
| | - Coral Bravo
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.A.O.); (C.B.); Tel.: +34-91-885-45-40 (M.A.O.); Fax: +34-91-885-48-85 (M.A.O.)
| | - Angel Asúnsolo-del-Barco
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28001 Madrid, Spain; (L.G.G.); (A.A.-d.-B.)
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
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Cao C, Dai Y, Wang Z, Zhao G, Duan H, Zhu X, Wang J, Zheng M, Weng Q, Wang L, Gou W, Zhang H, Li C, Liu D, Hu Y. The role of junctional adhesion molecule-C in trophoblast differentiation and function during normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. Placenta 2022; 118:55-65. [PMID: 35032792 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Junctional adhesion molecule-C (JAM-C) is an important regulator of many physiological processes, ranging from maintenance of tight junction integrity of epithelia to regulation of cell migration, homing and proliferation. Preeclampsia (PE) is a trophoblast-related syndrome with abnormal placentation and insufficient trophoblast invasion. However, the role of JAM-C in normal pregnancy and PE pathogenesis is unknown. METHODS The expression and location of JAM-C in placentas were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot and immunohistochemistry. The expression of differentiation and invasion markers were detected by qRT-PCR or western blot. The effects of JAM-C on migration and invasion of trophoblasts were examined using wound-healing and invasion assays. Additionally, a mouse model was established by injection of JAM-C-positive adenovirus to explore the effects of JAM-C in vivo. RESULTS In normal pregnancy, JAM-C was preferentially expressed on cytotrophoblast (CTB) progenitors and progressively decreased when acquiring invasion properties with gestation advance. However, in PE patients, the expression of JAM-C was upregulated in extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) and syncytiotrophoblasts (SynTs) of placentas. It was also demonstrated that JAM-C suppressed the differentiation of CTBs into EVTs in vitro. Consistently, JAM-C inhibited the migration and invasion capacities of EVTs through GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Importantly, Ad-JAMC-infected mouse model mimicked the phenotype of human PE. DISCUSSION JAM-C plays an important role in normal placentation and upregulated JAM-C in placentas contributes to PE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenrui Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yimin Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangfeng Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglei Duan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingmei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao Weng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Gou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Mangya, Qinghai, China
| | - Chanjuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Heath Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yali Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
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11
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Oghbaei F, Zarezadeh R, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Ranjbar M, Nouri M, Fattahi A, Imakawa K. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition process during embryo implantation. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 388:1-17. [PMID: 35024964 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03574-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in endometrial epithelial and trophectoderm cells is essential for the progression of embryo implantation and its impairment could cause implantation failure. Therefore, EMT should be tightly regulated in both embryonic and endometrial cells during implantation. Studies reported the involvement of numerous factors in EMT regulation, including hormones, growth factors, transcription factors, microRNAs, aquaporins (AQPs), and ion channels. These factors act through different signaling pathways to affect the expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers as well as the cellular cytoskeleton. Although the mechanisms involved in cancer cell EMT have been well studied, little is known about EMT during embryo implantation. Therefore, we comprehensively reviewed different factors that regulate the EMT, a key event required for the conceptus implantation to the endometrium.Summary sentence: Abnormal epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process within endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) or trophoblast cells can cause implantation failure. This process is regulated by various factors. Thus, the objective of this review was to summarize the effective factors on the EMT process during implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Oghbaei
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Reza Zarezadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Minoo Ranjbar
- Department of Midwifery, Bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Fattahi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Reproduction, Research Institute of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto, 862-8652, Japan
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12
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The Impact of PTPRK and ROS1 Polymorphisms on the Preeclampsia Risk in Han Chinese Women. Int J Hypertens 2021; 2021:3275081. [PMID: 34646579 PMCID: PMC8505056 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3275081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe complication in pregnancy and a leading cause of maternal and infant mortality. However, the exact underlying etiology of PE remains unknown. Emerging evidence indicates that the cause of PE is associated with genetic factors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify susceptibility genes to PE. Materials and Methods Human Exome BeadChip assays were conducted using 370 cases and 482 controls and 21 loci were discovered. A further independent set of 958 cases and 1007 controls were recruited for genotyping to determine whether the genes of interest ROS1 and PTPRK are associated with PE. Immunohistochemistry was used for localization. Both qPCR and Western blotting were utilized to investigate the levels of PTPRK in placentas of 20 PE and 20 normal pregnancies. Results The allele frequency of PTPRK rs3190930 differed significantly between PE and controls and was particularly significant in severe PE subgroup and early-onset PE subgroup. PTPRK is primarily localized in placental trophoblast cells. The mRNA and protein levels of PTPRK in PE were significantly higher than those in controls. Conclusion These results suggest that PTPRK appears to be a previously unrecognized susceptibility gene for PE in Han Chinese women, and its expression is also associated with PE, while ROS1 rs9489124 has no apparent correlation with PE risk.
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Expression of lncRNA TINCR in the placenta of patients with pre-eclampsia and its effect on the biological behaviours of trophoblasts. ZYGOTE 2021; 30:111-119. [PMID: 34176530 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199421000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To explore the effect of lncRNA TINCR on the biological behaviours of trophoblasts, we detected and analyzed the expression of terminal differentiation-induced non-protein coding RNA (TINCR) in the placenta tissues of pre-eclamptic and non-pre-eclamptic pregnant women. The gain- and loss-of-function of TINCR was performed to examine the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of Htr-8/Svneo cells. The levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins, cyclin and Wnt/β-catenin pathway were detected. High expression of lncRNA TINCR appeared in placental tissues of patients with pre-eclampsia. The proliferation, invasion and migration of Htr-8/Svneo cells were promoted by TINCR downregulation; the cells were transited from G0/G1 to S phase; and EMT was promoted and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated. In summary, the downregulation of lncRNA TINCR activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and promoted the proliferation, invasion and migration of Htr-8/Svneo cells. This study may provide a theoretical basis for treatment of patients with pre-eclampsia.
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Aplin JD, Jones CJP. Cell dynamics in human villous trophoblast. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 27:904-922. [PMID: 34125187 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Villous cytotrophoblast (vCTB) is a precursor cell population that supports the development of syncytiotrophoblast (vSTB), the high surface area barrier epithelium of the placental villus, and the primary interface between maternal and fetal tissue. In light of increasing evidence that the placenta can adapt to changing maternal environments or, under stress, can trigger maternal disease, we consider what properties of these cells empower them to exert a controlling influence on pregnancy progression and outcome. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE How are cytotrophoblast proliferation and differentiation regulated in the human placental villus to allow for the increasing demands of the fetal and environmental challenges and stresses that may arise during pregnancy? SEARCH METHODS PubMed was interrogated using relevant keywords and word roots combining trophoblast, villus/villous, syncytio/syncytium, placenta, stem, transcription factor (and the individual genes), signalling, apoptosis, autophagy (and the respective genes) from 1960 to the present. Since removal of trophoblast from its tissue environment is known to fundamentally change cell growth and differentiation kinetics, research that relied exclusively on cell culture has not been the main focus of this review, though it is mentioned where appropriate. Work on non-human placenta is not systematically covered, though mention is made where relevant hypotheses have emerged. OUTCOMES The synthesis of data from the literature has led to a new hypothesis for vCTB dynamics. We propose that a reversible transition can occur from a reserve population in G0 to a mitotically active state. Cells from the in-cycle population can then differentiate irreversibly to intermediate cells that leave the cycle and turn on genes that confer the capacity to fuse with the overlying vSTB as well as other functions associated with syncytial barrier and transport function. We speculate that alterations in the rate of entry to the cell cycle, or return of cells in the mitotic fraction to G0, can occur in response to environmental challenge. We also review evidence on the life cycle of trophoblast from the time that fusion occurs, and point to gaps in knowledge of how large quantities of fetal DNA arrive in maternal circulation. We critique historical methodology and make a case for research to re-address questions about trophoblast lifecycle and dynamics in normal pregnancy and the common diseases of pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction, where altered trophoblast kinetics have long been postulated. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The hypothesis requires experimental testing, moving research away from currently accepted methodology towards a new standard that includes representative cell and tissue sampling, assessment of cell cycle and differentiation parameters, and robust classification of cell subpopulations in villous trophoblast, with due attention to gestational age, maternal and fetal phenotype, disease and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Aplin
- Maternal and Fetal Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Carolyn J P Jones
- Maternal and Fetal Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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15
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Han X, Li W, Li P, Zheng Z, Lin B, Zhou B, Guo K, He P, Yang J. Stimulation of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor by Nicotine Suppresses Decidual M1 Macrophage Polarization Against Inflammation in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Preeclampsia-Like Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2021; 12:642071. [PMID: 33995360 PMCID: PMC8113862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in decidual macrophage polarization affect local inflammatory microenvironment and lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the regulatory mechanism of macrophage polarization in preeclampsia (PE) remains unclear. In this study, we found that α7nAChR expression was significantly down-regulated in decidual macrophages in PE patients compared to normal pregnant women, accompanied by a reduced proportion of M2 phenotype and an increased proportion of M1 phenotype; these results suggested that the reduced α7nAChR activity might contribute to changes in the polarization of decidual macrophages. Then, we further investigated the regulatory role of α7nAChR activation by nicotine on decidual macrophage polarization and placental remodeling in the PE-like mouse model. The PE mice were obtained by i.p. injection of 10 µg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) gestational day (GD) 13, and 40 µg/kg LPS daily until GD16. Subcutaneous injection of 1.0 mg/kg nicotine was administrated from GD14 to GD18. Nicotine treatment increased the decreased M2 phenotype and inhibited the increased M1 phenotype in decidua of pregnant mice induced by LPS. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in decidua were higher but the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines were lower in PE mice compared to the controls, nicotine reversed these changes. The level of choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) was reduced in the LPS-treated group, it was increased following nicotine treatment. Damage of spiral artery remodeling and down-regulation of markers related to trophoblast invasion in placentas were found in PE mice; nicotine improved these pathological structures of placentas. α-bungarotoxin (α-BGT) which is specific antagonist for α7nAChR could abolish the effects of nicotine on decidual macrophage polarization, trophoblast arrangement and vascular structure in placental tissue in PE mice. These results suggest that α7nAChR plays an important regulatory role in maternal-fetal inflammation and placental remodeling in preeclampsia and may provide a theoretical basis for the discovery of new strategies for preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjia Han
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baohua Lin
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaimin Guo
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinying Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Wang M, Xu Y, Wang P, Xu Y, Jin P, Wu Z, Qian Y, Bai L, Dong M. Galectin-14 Promotes Trophoblast Migration and Invasion by Upregulating the Expression of MMP-9 and N-Cadherin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:645658. [PMID: 33796532 PMCID: PMC8007908 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.645658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-14 is specifically expressed in placental trophoblasts, and its expression is reduced in trophoblasts retrieved from the cervix of women destined to develop early pregnancy loss. However, the roles of galectin-14 in regulating trophoblasts and in the pathogenesis of pregnancy complication have never been investigated. In the current research, we aimed to investigate the roles of galectin-14 in the regulation of trophoblasts. Tissues of the placenta and villi were collected. Primary trophoblasts and human trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo were used. Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to quantify gene expression. The siRNA-mediated galectin-14 knockdown and lentivirus-mediated overexpression were performed to manipulate the gene expression in trophoblasts. Transwell migration and invasion assays were used to evaluate cell migration and invasion capacity. Gelatin zymography was used to determine the gelatinase activity. Galectin-14 was significantly decreased in the villi of early pregnancy loss and the placenta of preeclampsia. Knockdown of galectin-14 in primary trophoblasts inhibited cell migration and invasion, downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and N-cadherin, the activity of MMP-9, and decreased the phosphorylation of Akt. Meanwhile, the overexpression of galectin-14 in HTR-8/SVneo promoted cell migration and invasion, upregulated the expression of MMP-9 and N-cadherin, the activity of MMP-9, and increased the phosphorylation of Akt. Increased Akt phosphorylation promoted cell migration and invasion and upregulated the expression and activity of MMP-9, while decreased Akt phosphorylation inhibited cell migration and invasion and downregulated the expression and activity of MMP-9. Thus, galectin-14 promotes trophoblast migration and invasion by enhancing the expression of MMP-9 and N-cadherin through Akt phosphorylation. The dysregulation of galectin-14 is involved in the pathogenesis of early pregnancy loss and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Xu
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengzhen Jin
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zaigui Wu
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeqing Qian
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long Bai
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minyue Dong
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Examination of FERMT1 expression in placental chorionic villi and its role in HTR8-SVneo cell invasion. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 155:669-681. [PMID: 33683437 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-01977-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane integrin receptors mediate cell-extracellular matrix as well as cell-cell adhesion. As placental trophoblast cells undergo differentiation they display changes in integrin expression or switching, but the mechanism(s) of integrin activation that supports this differentiation is still unknown. The Fermitin family of adapter proteins (FERMT 1-3) are integrin activators that mediate integrin-mediated signaling. In this study, we examined the spatiotemporal pattern of expression of FERMT1 in human chorionic villi throughout gestation and its role in HTR8-SVneo substrate adhesion and invasion. Placental villous tissue was obtained from patients undergoing elective terminations at weeks 8-14, as well as from term deliveries at weeks 37-40 and analyzed by immunofluorescence. Additionally, HTR8-SVneo trophoblast cells were transfected with FERMT1-specific siRNA or non-targeting siRNA (control) and used in cell-substrate adhesion as well as invasion assays. FERMT1 was primarily localized to membrane-associated regions at the base or around the periphery of the villous cytotrophoblast and proximal as well as distal cell column trophoblast. FERMT1 was also localized to endothelial cells of blood vessels in chorionic villi. siRNA-mediated depletion of FERMT1 in HTR8-SVneo cells did not markedly alter HTR8-SVneo cell-substrate adhesion but did significantly decrease invasion (P < 0.05) compared to control cells. These novel findings identify the presence of the integrin activator FERMT1 in trophoblast cells and that FERMT1 can regulate HTR8-SVneo cell invasion. FERMT1 may directly influence integrin activation and the subsequent integrin-mediated signaling and differentiation that underlies the acquisition of the invasive trophoblast phenotype in vivo.
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18
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Molecular characteristics of established trophoblast-derived cell lines. Placenta 2021; 108:122-133. [PMID: 33810901 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research on human placental development and function lacks a conclusive in vivo model. To investigate the intracellular molecular mechanisms in trophoblast cells, different cell lines have been established during the last decades. So far, none of these accomplishes all features of primary trophoblast, thus their suitability as well as the transferability of the results has been discussed. The aim of this study is to assess molecular markers and features matching different trophoblast subpopulations in trophoblastic cell lines to provide orientation on their suitability and relevance for distinct research questions. METHODS The commonly used trophoblastic cell lines, BeWo, JEG-3, HTR-8/SVneo, AC1-M59, AC1-M32, ACH-3P and Swan71 were selected. qPCR and immunoblotting were used to determine expression of characteristic molecular markers. C14MC, C19MC and miR-371-3 miRNA expression were investigated by real time PCR. Proliferation, migration and network stabilization assays were performed. Hormone secretion was determined by chemiluminescent-immunoassays. DNA profiles were obtained by Short Tandem Repeat (STR)-genotyping. RESULTS Immortalized cell lines differ from choriocarcinoma-derived ones in the expression of HLA-G, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, VE-cadherin, cadherin-11, cytokeratin 7, vimentin, ADAM12 and PRG2. Compared to choriocarcinoma-derived cell lines, expression of C19MC and hormone secretion were almost absent in immortalized cell lines. Conversely, they express C14MC and exhibit higher migration and network stabilization. DISCUSSION The data presented will help justify the use of a cell line to evaluate distinct features of trophoblast biology and pathology. In general, characteristics and markers of choriocarcinoma derived cell lines seem to be more similar to in vivo trophoblast than immortalized cell lines and thus might be regarded as more suitable models.
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Elsalam SA, Mansor AE, Sarhan MH, Shalaby AM, Gobran MA, Alabiad MA. Evaluation of Apoptosis, Proliferation, and Adhesion Molecule Expression in Trophoblastic Tissue of Women With Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion and Infected With Toxoplasma gondii. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2021; 40:124-133. [PMID: 32833877 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent spontaneous abortion is an obstetric complication with undefined causes. Apoptosis, proliferation, and adhesion are considered important factors in the pathogenesis of abortion. This work aimed to determine Bax and Bcl-2 as a proapoptotic and antiapoptotic protein, Ki67 and P27kip as proliferative and antiproliferative proteins, and E-cadherin and CD44 as adhesion molecules in the trophoblastic tissues in cases with recurrent miscarriage. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of Bax, Bcl-2, Ki67, P27kip, E-cadherin, and CD44 in paraffin-embedded sections of placental tissues obtained from 108 women were divided into 3 categories: 66 Toxoplasma gondii-positive women with recurrent abortion, 22 T. gondii-negative women with recurrent abortion, and 20 women with no history of abortion as a control group. The mean ratio of the expression of Bax and P27kip proteins was 35.3% and 36.1%, which is significantly higher than that of the second group (19.88 and 20.02%), and the third group (12.3% and 10.98%), while the mean ratio of the expression of Bcl-2, Ki67, E-cadherin, and CD44 proteins was 12.35%, 11.23%, 10.32%, and 9.97%, which is significantly lower than that of the second group (33.75%, 13.18%, 21.88%, and 23.29%) and that of the third group (38.58%, 39.27%, 37.98%, and 35.79%). The presence of proapoptotic protein (Bax) and antiproliferative protein (P27kip) at high levels and the presence of antiapoptotic protein (Bcl-2), proliferative protein (Ki67), and adhesion molecules (E-cadherin and CD44) in lower levels in the T. gondii-positive group clarify the mechanism involved in the induction of abortion and loss of pregnancy.
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20
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Adu-Gyamfi EA, Czika A, Gorleku PN, Ullah A, Panhwar Z, Ruan LL, Ding YB, Wang YX. The Involvement of Cell Adhesion Molecules, Tight Junctions, and Gap Junctions in Human Placentation. Reprod Sci 2020; 28:305-320. [PMID: 33146876 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Placentation is a major determinant of the success of pregnancy. It is regulated by several factors such as cell adhesion molecules, tight junctions, and gap junctions. The cell adhesion molecules are integrins, cadherins, immunoglobulins, nectins, and selectins. The tight junctions are composed of claudins, occludin, and junction adhesion molecule proteins while the gap junctions are composed of connexins of varying molecular weights. During placentation, some of these molecules regulate trophoblast proliferation, trophoblast fusion, trophoblast migration, trophoblast invasion, trophoblast-endothelium adhesion, glandular remodeling, and spiral artery remodeling. There is a dysregulated placental expression of some of these molecules during obstetric complications. We have, hereby, indicated the expression patterns of the subunits of each of these molecules in the various trophoblast subtypes and in the decidua, and have highlighted their involvement in physiological and pathological placentation. The available evidence points to the relevance of these molecules as distinguishing markers of the various trophoblast lineages and as potential therapeutic targets in the management of malplacentation-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No. 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Armin Czika
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No. 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Philip Narteh Gorleku
- Department of Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Republic of Ghana
| | - Amin Ullah
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No. 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zulqarnain Panhwar
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No. 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Ruan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No. 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Bin Ding
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No. 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Box 197, No. 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Wu GM, Jin Y, Cao YM, Li JY. The diagnostic value and regulatory mechanism of miR-200a targeting ZEB1 in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Hypertens Pregnancy 2020; 39:243-251. [PMID: 32345067 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2020.1757700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Mei Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Min Cao
- Department of Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Yun Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
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22
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Drewlo S, Johnson E, Kilburn BA, Kadam L, Armistead B, Kohan-Ghadr HR. Irisin induces trophoblast differentiation via AMPK activation in the human placenta. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7146-7158. [PMID: 32020629 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Irisin, an adipokine, regulates differentiation and phenotype in various cell types including myocytes, adipocytes, and osteoblasts. Circulating irisin concentration increases throughout human pregnancy. In pregnancy disorders such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus, circulating irisin levels are reduced compared to healthy controls. To date, there are no data on the role and molecular function of irisin in the human placenta or its contribution to pathophysiology. Aberrant trophoblast differentiation is involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. The current study aimed to assess the molecular effects of irisin on trophoblast differentiation and function. First-trimester placental explants were cultured and treated with low (10 nM) and high (50 nM) physiological doses of irisin. Treatment with irisin dose-dependently increased both in vitro placental outgrowth (on Matrigel™) and trophoblast cell-cell fusion. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, an important regulator of cellular energy homeostasis that is involved in trophoblast differentiation and pathology, was subsequently investigated. Here, irisin exposure induced placental AMPK activation. To determine the effects of irisin on trophoblast differentiation, two trophoblast-like cell lines, HTR-8/SVneo and BeWo, were treated with irisin and/or a specific AMPK inhibitor (Compound C). Irisin-induced AMPK phosphorylation in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Additionally, as part of the differentiation process, integrin switching from α6 to α1 occurred as well as increased invasiveness. Overall, irisin promoted differentiation in villous and extravillous cell-based models via AMPK pathway activation. These findings provide evidence that exposure to irisin promotes differentiation and improves trophoblast functions in the human placenta that are affected in abnormal placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Drewlo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Eugenia Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Brian A Kilburn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Leena Kadam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Brooke Armistead
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Hamid-Reza Kohan-Ghadr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
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23
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Ma Z, Sagrillo-Fagundes L, Tran R, Parameshwar PK, Kalashnikov N, Vaillancourt C, Moraes C. Biomimetic Micropatterned Adhesive Surfaces To Mechanobiologically Regulate Placental Trophoblast Fusion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:47810-47821. [PMID: 31773938 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The placental syncytiotrophoblast is a giant multinucleated cell that forms a tree-like structure and regulates transport between mother and baby during development. It is maintained throughout pregnancy by continuous fusion of trophoblast cells, and disruptions in fusion are associated with considerable adverse health effects including diseases such as preeclampsia. Developing predictive control over cell fusion in culture models is hence of critical importance in placental drug discovery and transport studies, but this can currently be only partially achieved with biochemical factors. Here, we investigate whether biophysical signals associated with budding morphogenesis during development of the placental villous tree can synergistically direct and enhance trophoblast fusion. We use micropatterning techniques to manipulate physical stresses in engineered microtissues and demonstrate that biomimetic geometries simulating budding robustly enhance fusion and alter spatial patterns of synthesis of pregnancy-related hormones. These findings indicate that biophysical signals play a previously unrecognized and significant role in regulating placental fusion and function, in synergy with established soluble signals. More broadly, our studies demonstrate that biomimetic strategies focusing on tissue mechanics can be important approaches to design, build, and test placental tissue cultures for future studies of pregnancy-related drug safety, efficacy, and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montréal , QC H3A 0C5 , Canada
| | - Lucas Sagrillo-Fagundes
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montréal , QC H3A 0C5 , Canada
- INRS-Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotehnologie and Réseau Intersectoriel de Recherche en Santé de l'Université du Québec , Laval , QC H7V 1B7 , Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment , Université du Québec à Montréal , Montréal , QC H3C 3P8 , Canada
| | - Raymond Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montréal , QC H3A 0C5 , Canada
| | - Prabu Karthick Parameshwar
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering , McGill University , Montréal , QC H3A 2B4 , Canada
| | - Nikita Kalashnikov
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montréal , QC H3A 0C5 , Canada
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS-Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotehnologie and Réseau Intersectoriel de Recherche en Santé de l'Université du Québec , Laval , QC H7V 1B7 , Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment , Université du Québec à Montréal , Montréal , QC H3C 3P8 , Canada
| | - Christopher Moraes
- Department of Chemical Engineering , McGill University , Montréal , QC H3A 0C5 , Canada
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering , McGill University , Montréal , QC H3A 2B4 , Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre , McGill University , Montréal , QC H3A 1A3 , Canada
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24
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Shen XY, Zheng LL, Huang J, Kong HF, Chang YJ, Wang F, Xin H. CircTRNC18 inhibits trophoblast cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating miR-762/Grhl2 pathway in pre-eclampsia. RNA Biol 2019; 16:1565-1573. [PMID: 31354028 PMCID: PMC6779405 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1644591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-regulated cell migration and invasion have been involved in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia (PE). However, the role of circRNAs in EMT of PE has not been widely investigated. In this study, we identified that circTNRC18 was upregulated in PE placentas compared with normal pregnancy placentas. Moreover, circTNRC18 negatively regulated trophoblast cell migration and EMT. Overexpression of circTNRC18 reduced while depletion of circTNRC18 enhanced trophoblast cell migration and EMT. Mechanistically, circTNRC18 sponged miR-762 contributed to inhibit miR-762 activity and elevated EMT-related transcriptional factor Grhl2 protein level. miR-762 expression was lower in PE placentas and played a promoting role in trophoblast cell migration and EMT. In contrast, Grhl2 was highly expressed in PE placentas. Furthermore, we confirmed that upregulation of Grhl2 by circ-TNRC18-induced inhibition of miR-762 led to trophoblast cell migration and EMT. In conclusions, circTNRC18/miR-762/Grhl2 axis plays a key role in trophoblast cell migration and EMT. circTNRC18/miR-762/Grhl2 axis may be a potential therapeutic target in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yan Shen
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China
| | - Hong-Fang Kong
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China
| | - Ya-Jing Chang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China
| | - Hong Xin
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , P.R. China
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25
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Tome S, Sasaki T, Takahashi S, Takei Y. Elevated maternal retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-γt enhances the effect of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid in inducing fetal loss. Exp Anim 2019; 68:491-497. [PMID: 31178537 PMCID: PMC6842800 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells have been suggested to play a crucial role in various
complications during pregnancy by participating in maternal immune activation (MIA). To
test a possible role for Th17 cells in MIA-mediated abortion, we analyzed transgenic mice
overexpressing retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma-t (RORγt), a master
regulator of IL-17 producing cell development. These mutant mice (RORγt Tg mice) exhibited
a constitutive upregulation of serum IL-17A and decreased E-cadherin expression in
cell–cell junctions of placental tissues. Abortion after the administration of a
viral-mimicking synthetic double-stranded RNA polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid was more
frequent in RORγt Tg mice than wild-type mice. These results suggest that excessive Th17
cell activity alters immune responsiveness and increases the rate of abortion during
gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Tome
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.,Department of Kansei, Behavioral, and Brain Science, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sasaki
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.,Department of Kansei, Behavioral, and Brain Science, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yosuke Takei
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.,Department of Kansei, Behavioral, and Brain Science, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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26
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Tseng AM, Mahnke AH, Wells AB, Salem NA, Allan AM, Roberts VH, Newman N, Walter NA, Kroenke CD, Grant KA, Akison LK, Moritz KM, Chambers CD, Miranda RC. Maternal circulating miRNAs that predict infant FASD outcomes influence placental maturation. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/2/e201800252. [PMID: 30833415 PMCID: PMC6399548 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal gestational circulating microRNAs, predictive of adverse infant outcomes, including growth deficits, following prenatal alcohol exposure, contribute to placental pathology by impairing the EMT pathway in trophoblasts. Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), like other pregnancy complications, can result in placental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction, although the linking causal mechanisms are unclear. We previously identified 11 gestationally elevated maternal circulating miRNAs (HEamiRNAs) that predicted infant growth deficits following PAE. Here, we investigated whether these HEamiRNAs contribute to the pathology of PAE, by inhibiting trophoblast epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a pathway critical for placental development. We now report for the first time that PAE inhibits expression of placental pro-EMT pathway members in both rodents and primates, and that HEamiRNAs collectively, but not individually, mediate placental EMT inhibition. HEamiRNAs collectively, but not individually, also inhibited cell proliferation and the EMT pathway in cultured trophoblasts, while inducing cell stress, and following trophoblast syncytialization, aberrant endocrine maturation. Moreover, a single intravascular administration of the pooled murine-expressed HEamiRNAs, to pregnant mice, decreased placental and fetal growth and inhibited the expression of pro-EMT transcripts in the placenta. Our data suggest that HEamiRNAs collectively interfere with placental development, contributing to the pathology of PAE, and perhaps also, to other causes of fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Tseng
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Amanda H Mahnke
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Alan B Wells
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nihal A Salem
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Andrea M Allan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Victoria Hj Roberts
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Natali Newman
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nicole Ar Walter
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Christopher D Kroenke
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kathleen A Grant
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lisa K Akison
- Child Health Research Centre and School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Karen M Moritz
- Child Health Research Centre and School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christina D Chambers
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA .,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rajesh C Miranda
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
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27
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Kawamura E, Hamilton GB, Miskiewicz EI, MacPhee DJ. Fermitin family homolog-2 (FERMT2) is highly expressed in human placental villi and modulates trophoblast invasion. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 18:19. [PMID: 30382829 PMCID: PMC6211606 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-018-0178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Integrins are transmembrane receptors that mediate cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell-cell adhesion and trophoblast cells undergo changes in integrin expression as they differentiate. However, the mechanism(s) of integrin activation leading to integrin-mediated signaling in trophoblast cell differentiation is unknown. The Fermitin family proteins are integrin activators that help mediate integrin-mediated signaling, but have never been studied in detail within the human placenta. Thus, we examined the spatiotemporal pattern of expression of Fermitin family homolog-2 (FERMT2) in human chorionic villi throughout gestation and its role in trophoblast-substrate adhesion and invasion. Methods Placental villous tissue was obtained from patients undergoing elective terminations by dilatation and curettage at weeks 8–12 (n = 10), weeks 13–14 (n = 8), as well as from term deliveries at weeks 37–40 (n = 6). Tissues were fixed, processed and sections utilized for immunofluorescence analysis of FERMT2 expression during gestation. Additionally, HTR8-SVneo human trophoblast cells were transfected by electroporation with FERMT2-specific siRNAs or non-targeting siRNAs (control) and used in cell-substrate adhesion as well as invasion assays. Results FERMT2 was more commonly expressed in the basal domain of villous cytotrophoblast cells and prominently localized around the periphery of individual extravillous trophoblast cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of FERMT2 in HTR8-SVneo cells resulted in significantly decreased trophoblast-substrate attachment (p < 0.05) as well as significantly decreased trophoblast invasion (p < 0.05) relative to control cells. Conclusions The detection of FERMT2 throughout extravillous trophoblast columns and the results of invasion assays demonstrated that this protein is likely an important regulator of integrin activation in extravillous cells to modulate migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Kawamura
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Gina B Hamilton
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Ewa I Miskiewicz
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Daniel J MacPhee
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Dr, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada. .,One Reproductive Health Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
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28
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CDK1 inhibition facilitates formation of syncytiotrophoblasts and expression of human Chorionic Gonadotropin. Placenta 2018; 66:57-64. [PMID: 29884303 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The human placental syncytiotrophoblast (STB) cells play essential roles in embryo implantation and nutrient exchange between the mother and the fetus. STBs are polyploid which are formed by fusion of diploid cytotrophoblast (CTB) cells. Abnormality in STBs formation can result in pregnancy-related disorders. While a number of genes have been associated with CTB fusion the initial events that trigger cell fusion are not well understood. Primary objective of this study was to enhance our understanding about the molecular mechanism of placental cell fusion. METHODS FACS and microscopic analysis was used to optimize Forskolin-induced fusion of BeWo cells (surrogate of CTBs) and subsequently, changes in the expression of different cell cycle regulator genes were analyzed through Western blotting and qPCR. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the first trimester placental tissue sections to validate the results in the context of placental tissue. Effect of Cyclin Dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1) inhibitor, RO3306, on BeWo cell fusion was studied by microscopy and FACS, and by monitoring the expression of human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) by Western blotting and qPCR. RESULTS The data showed that the placental cell fusion was associated with down regulation of CDK1 and its associated cyclin B, and significant decrease in DNA replication. Moreover, inhibition of CDK1 by an exogenous inhibitor induced placental cell fusion and expression of hCG. CONCLUSION Here, we report that the placental cell fusion can be induced by inhibiting CDK1. This study has a high therapeutic significance to manage pregnancy related abnormalities.
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Moussa RA, Eesa AN, Abdallah ZF, Abdelmeged A, Mahran A, Bahaa H. Diagnostic Utility of Twist1, Ki-67, and E-Cadherin in Diagnosing Molar Gestations and Hydropic Abortions. Am J Clin Pathol 2018; 149:442-455. [PMID: 29562309 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqy012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess whether the expression of Twist1, Ki-67, and E-cadherin can guide the differential diagnosis of complete hydatidiform mole (CHM), partial hydatidiform mole (PHM), and hydropic abortion (HA). METHODS Differential expression of Twist1, Ki-67, and E-cadherin was analyzed in gestational products from 55 cases of CHM, PHM, and HA using immunohistochemistry. Prior to analysis, the studied cases were confirmed for their diagnosis by flow cytometric assessment of DNA ploidy and p57 immunostaining. RESULTS Twist1 expression can distinguish CHM from PHM and HA with 100% sensitivity, 100%, specificity, 100% positive predictive value (PPV), and 100% negative predictive value (NPV). Furthermore, combined Ki-67 and E-cadherin expression could differentiate PHM and HA with 100% sensitivity, 93.3% specificity, 92.3% PPV, and 100% NPV. CONCLUSIONS Twist1 expression is a highly reliable marker for the diagnosis of CHM, where combined Ki-67 and E-cadherin immunoreactivity can distinguish PHM from nonmolar pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab A Moussa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed N Eesa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab F Abdallah
- Virology & Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman Abdelmeged
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mahran
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Haitham Bahaa
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Docheva N, Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Tarca AL, Bhatti G, Pacora P, Panaitescu B, Chaiyasit N, Chaiworapongsa T, Maymon E, Hassan SS, Erez O. The profiles of soluble adhesion molecules in the "great obstetrical syndromes" . J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:2113-2136. [PMID: 29320948 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1427058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the profiles of maternal plasma soluble adhesion molecules in patients with preeclampsia, small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses, acute pyelonephritis, preterm labor with intact membranes (PTL), preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes (preterm PROM), and fetal death. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine maternal plasma concentrations of sE-selectin, sL-selectin, and sP-selectin as well as sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sPECAM-1 in patients with (1) an uncomplicated pregnancy (control, n = 100); (2) preeclampsia (n = 94); (3) SGA fetuses (in women without preeclampsia/hypertension, n = 45); (4) acute pyelonephritis (n = 25); (5) PTL (n = 53); (6) preterm PROM (n = 24); and (7) fetal death (n = 34). Concentrations of soluble adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-8) were determined with sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunoassays. RESULTS In comparison to women with a normal pregnancy, (1) women with preeclampsia had higher median concentrations of sE-selectin, sP-selectin, and sVCAM-1, and a lower concentration of sL-selectin (all p values < .001); (2) patients with SGA fetuses had higher median concentrations of sE-selectin, sP-selectin, and sVCAM-1 (all p values < .05); (3) patients with a fetal death had higher median concentrations of sE-selectin and sP-selectin (all p values < .05); (4) patients with acute pyelonephritis had higher median plasma concentrations of sE-selectin, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 (all p values < .001); (5) patients with preeclampsia and acute pyelonephritis, plasma concentrations of sVCAM-1, sE-selectin, and sP-selectin correlated with those of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-8 (all p values < .05); (6) patients with PTL had a higher median concentration of sP-selectin and a lower median concentration of VCAM-1 (all p values < .05); and (7) women with preterm PROM had lower median concentrations of sL-selectin and sVCAM-1 (all p values < .05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that endothelial cell activation/dysfunction reflected by the plasma concentration of sE-selectin is not specific to preeclampsia but is present in pregnancies complicated by SGA fetuses, acute pyelonephritis, and fetal death. Collectively, we report that each obstetrical syndrome appears to have a stereotypical profile of soluble adhesion molecules in the peripheral circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Docheva
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,d Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA.,e Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Adi L Tarca
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Gaurav Bhatti
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Percy Pacora
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Noppadol Chaiyasit
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Eli Maymon
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.,f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beersheba , Israel
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.,g Department of Physiology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Offer Erez
- a Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit , MI , USA.,b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.,f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beersheba , Israel
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Decreased expression of fibroblast growth factor 13 in early-onset preeclampsia is associated with the increased trophoblast permeability. Placenta 2018; 62:43-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tai M, Piskorski A, Kao JCW, Hess LA, M de la Monte S, Gündoğan F. Placental Morphology in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Alcohol Alcohol 2017; 52:138-144. [PMID: 28182213 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Tai
- Department of Medicine, Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | - Anna Piskorski
- Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | - Jennifer C W Kao
- Department of Medicine, Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | - Lynn A Hess
- Department of Project Link, Women & Infants Hospital, Providence, RI 02905, USA
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E Davies J, Pollheimer J, Yong HEJ, Kokkinos MI, Kalionis B, Knöfler M, Murthi P. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition during extravillous trophoblast differentiation. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 10:310-21. [PMID: 27070187 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1170258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful pregnancy depends on the intricate and timely interactions of maternal and fetal cells. Placental extravillous cytotrophoblast invasion involves a cellular transition from an epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype. Villous cytotrophoblasts undergo a partial epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) when differentiating into extravillous cytotrophoblasts and gain the capacity to migrate and invade. This review summarizes our current knowledge regarding known regulators of EMT in the human placenta, including the inducers of EMT, upstream transcription factors that control EMT and the downstream effectors, cell adhesion molecules and their differential expression and functions in pregnancy pathologies, preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR). The review also describes the research strategies that were used for the identification of the functional role of EMT targets in vitro. A better understanding of molecular pathways driven by placental EMT and further elucidation of signaling pathways underlying the developmental programs may offer novel strategies of targeted therapy for improving feto-placental growth in placental pathologies including PE and FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Davies
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia.,b Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre , The Royal Women's Hospital , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Jürgen Pollheimer
- c Department of Obstetrics and Fetal-Maternal Medicine , Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Hannah E J Yong
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia.,b Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre , The Royal Women's Hospital , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Maria I Kokkinos
- b Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre , The Royal Women's Hospital , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Bill Kalionis
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia.,b Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre , The Royal Women's Hospital , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Martin Knöfler
- c Department of Obstetrics and Fetal-Maternal Medicine , Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Padma Murthi
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia.,b Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre , The Royal Women's Hospital , Parkville , Victoria , Australia.,d Department of Medicine , School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
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Erol O, Süren D, Tutuş B, Toptaş T, Gökay AA, Derbent AU, Özel MK, Sezer C. Immunohistochemical Analysis of E-Cadherin, p53 and Inhibin-α Expression in Hydatidiform Mole and Hydropic Abortion. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 22:515-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-0031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zheng X, Sun Y, Zhang H, Zhao X, Li M. Prospective study evaluating the effect of mifepristone on E-cadherin expression in villi in early pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015; 194:115-8. [PMID: 26363825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND E-cadherin plays an important regulatory role in implantation, embryo development and placentation. This study aimed to determine the effect of mifepristone on E-cadherin expression in human villi in early pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN Forty healthy women seeking elective pregnancy termination at 5-7 weeks of gestation were recruited. Of these, 22 women chose medical termination (mifepristone-treated group) and took 25mg mifepristone every 12h for 3 days and 600μg buccal misoprostol on the morning of the fourth day. The other 18 women underwent vacuum aspiration (control group). Following collection of villi, E-cadherin protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis, and E-cadherin mRNA expression was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS E-cadherin protein expression was significantly higher (p<0.05) in villous cytotrophoblast cells in the mifepristone-treated group compared with the control group. E-cadherin mRNA expression was also significantly higher (p<0.01) in the mifepristone-treated group compared with the control group. CONCLUSION E-cadherin expression in villi may be involved in mifepristone-induced pregnancy termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - X Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - M Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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Involvement of estrogen-related receptor-γ and mitochondrial content in intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:483-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Sheridan R, Belludi C, Khoury J, Stanek J, Handwerger S. FOXO1 expression in villous trophoblast of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction placentas. Histol Histopathol 2014; 30:213-22. [PMID: 25202916 DOI: 10.14670/hh-30.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and increased apoptosis are implicated in the pathogenesis of many disorders of pregnancy, including preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR). Since the transcription factor FOXO1 (forkhead box protein O1) is implicated in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes, including resistance to oxidative stress, apoptosis and morphogenesis of the placenta, we examined whether FOXO1 expression is abnormal in placentas from patients with PE or FGR. Paracentral sections from grossly unremarkable areas of 9 or 10 placentas each from early third trimester patients (31.7±5.0 weeks) with mild PE, severe PE, FGR and a gestational age-matched comparison group (GA controls) were double immunostained for FOXO1 and E-cadherin, the latter distinguishing villous cytotrophoblast cells (CTB) from syncytiotrophoblast (STB). The numbers of FOXO1-positive and FOXO1 negative STB and CTB nuclei were determined on ten 20x objective fields of each placenta section by three observers who were blinded to the clinical outcome. The results were evaluated by a generalized linear mixed model. In mild PE, FOXO1-positive STB nuclei were significantly decreased in number and FOXO1-negative STB nuclei were increased as compared to GA controls. However, the number of FOXO1-positive and FOXO1-negative CTB nuclei were not significantly changes as compared to GA controls. In severe PE and FGR, the numbers of FOXO-positive and FOXO1-negative STB and CTB were not statistically different from GA controls. Since FOXO1 is critical for placental cellular morphogenesis, abnormal FOXO1 expression may contribute in part to the abnormal trophoblast differentiation in mild PE. The differences in FOXO1 expression in mild and severe PE are consistent with other studies suggesting that the two forms of PE are different disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sheridan
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Chethan Belludi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jane Khoury
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jerzy Stanek
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Stuart Handwerger
- Department of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center3, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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Nadeem U, Ye G, Salem M, Peng C. MicroRNA-378a-5p targets cyclin G2 to inhibit fusion and differentiation in BeWo cells. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:76. [PMID: 25122062 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.119065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are expressed abundantly in the placenta throughout pregnancy. We have previously reported that microRNA (miR)-378a-5p promoted trophoblast migration and invasion. To further understand the role of miR-378a-5p during placental development, we investigated whether it may regulate the differentiation of syncytiotrophoblast (STB). Using a choriocarcinoma cell line, BeWo, we found that miR-378a-5p was down-regulated during forskolin-induced STB differentiation. Transfection of a miR-378a-5p mimic into BeWo cells decreased the formation of multinucleated STB, increased E-cadherin, and decreased the expression level of STB marker genes. On the other hand, transfection of anti-miR-378a-5p resulted in an increase in formation of multinucleated STB and expression of STB marker genes, as well as the loss of E-cadherin. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that miR-378a-5p has four potential binding sites at the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of cyclin G2 (CCNG2). Using luciferase reporter assays, we showed that miR-378a-5p decreased the luciferase activity of reporter constructs that contain CCNG2 3' UTR. In addition, miR-378a-5p decreased, whereas anti-miR-378a-5p increased, CCNG2 mRNA levels. Overexpression of CCNG2 increased the expression of syncytin-1 and fusion index and reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-378a-5p. In contrast, silencing of CCNG2 using siRNA increased E-cadherin and decreased syncytin-1 levels. These findings provide initial evidence that CCNG2 promotes STB differentiation and suggest that miR-378a-5p exerts an inhibitory role in STB differentiation, in part, by down-regulating CCNG2 expression, in the BeWo cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Nadeem
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gang Ye
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mohamed Salem
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chun Peng
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
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Yu Y, Wang L, Tang W, Zhang D, Shang T. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of Notch-1 inhibits migration and invasion, down-regulates matrix metalloproteinases and suppresses NF-κB signaling pathway in trophoblast cells. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:911-9. [PMID: 24681113 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is well known to present with reduced trophoblast invasion into the placental bed. Notch-1, a ligand-activated transmembrane receptor, has been reported to be down-regulated in preeclamptic human placentas. This study was conducted to explore the role of Notch-1 in the cell migration and invasion of a human trophoblast cell line, JEG3 cells. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated RNA interference was performed to effectively suppress the endogenous expression of Notch-1 at both mRNA and protein levels in JEG3 cells. Results of wound healing and transwell assays showed that knockdown of Notch-1 reduced trophoblast cell migration and invasion. The protein expressions and activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were reduced in JEG3 cell when Notch-1 was decreased. Furthermore, the epithelial-cadherin (E-cadherin) expression increased in JEG3 cells when Notch-1 was inhibited, whereas its suppressor Snail decreased in these cells. Moreover, knockdown of Notch-1 also suppressed NF-κB signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB p65) inhibitor (IκBα) and the subsequent nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunit p65 in JEG3 cells. In summary, we demonstrate that Notch-1 contributes to trophoblast cell migration and invasion and that it may be involved in the pathology of human preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Department of Gynecology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Women and Infants Hospital of Shenyang City, Shenyang 110014, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China.
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Li XL, Dong X, Xue Y, Li CF, Gou WL, Chen Q. Increased expression levels of E-cadherin, cytokeratin 18 and 19 observed in preeclampsia were not correlated with disease severity. Placenta 2014; 35:625-31. [PMID: 24857367 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder and placental factor(s) contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Turnover of villous trophoblast is affected by impaired placental perfusion in preeclampsia. Expression and localisation of cadherins and cytokeratins are involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. However, studies describing the associations between cadherins and cytokeratins in preeclampsia are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, cytokeratin 18 and cytokeratin 19 in placentae from women with preeclampsia in order to determine whether their expression differs with disease severity. METHODS 29 preeclamptic placentae and 25 normotensive placentae were included in this study. The expression of E-cadherin, cytokeratin 18, cytokeratin 19 andN-cadherin was quantified by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS E-cadherin, cytokeratin 18 and cytokeratin 19 were expressed predominantly in the syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta and the expression of E-cadherin, cytokeratin 18 and cytokeratin 19 was significantly increased in preeclampsia compared to normotensive pregnancies. However, there was no significant difference in expression between severe preeclampsia and mild preeclampsia. In addition, there was no difference in the expression of N-cadherin between preeclampsic and normotensive pregnancies. DISCUSSION Our data demonstrated increased expression of E-cadherin, cytokeratin 18 and cytokeratin 19 in the syncytiotrophoblast of preeclamptic placentae, but this increase was not correlated with disease severity. CONCLUSION Our data suggests that E-cadherin and cytokeratins are involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.
| | - X Dong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Y Xue
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - C F Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - W L Gou
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China.
| | - Q Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; The Hospital of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Nanjing Medical University, China.
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Díaz P, Wood AM, Sibley CP, Greenwood SL. Intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels modulate human placental trophoblast syncytialization. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90961. [PMID: 24595308 PMCID: PMC3940956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of human placental syncytiotrophoblast renewal by cytotrophoblast migration, aggregation/fusion and differentiation is essential for successful pregnancy. In several tissues, these events are regulated by intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (IKCa), in part through their ability to regulate cell volume. We used cytotrophoblasts in primary culture to test the hypotheses that IKCa participate in the formation of multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast and in syncytiotrophoblast volume homeostasis. Cytotrophoblasts were isolated from normal term placentas and cultured for 66 h. This preparation recreates syncytiotrophoblast formation in vivo, as mononucleate cells (15 h) fuse into multinucleate syncytia (66 h) concomitant with elevated secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Cells were treated with the IKCa inhibitor TRAM-34 (10 µM) or activator DCEBIO (100 µM). Culture medium was collected to measure hCG secretion and cells fixed for immunofluorescence with anti-IKCa and anti-desmoplakin antibodies to assess IKCa expression and multinucleation respectively. K+ channel activity was assessed by measuring 86Rb efflux at 66 h. IKCa immunostaining was evident in nucleus, cytoplasm and surface of mono- and multinucleate cells. DCEBIO increased 86Rb efflux 8.3-fold above control and this was inhibited by TRAM-34 (85%; p<0.0001). Cytotrophoblast multinucleation increased 12-fold (p<0.05) and hCG secretion 20-fold (p<0.05), between 15 and 66 h. Compared to controls, DCEBIO reduced multinucleation by 42% (p<0.05) and hCG secretion by 80% (p<0.05). TRAM-34 alone did not affect cytotrophoblast multinucleation or hCG secretion. Hyposmotic solution increased 86Rb efflux 3.8-fold (p<0.0001). This effect was dependent on extracellular Ca2+, inhibited by TRAM-34 and 100 nM charybdotoxin (85% (p<0.0001) and 43% respectively) but unaffected by 100 nM apamin. In conclusion, IKCa are expressed in cytotrophoblasts and their activation inhibits the formation of multinucleated cells in vitro. IKCa are stimulated by syncytiotrophoblast swelling implicating a role in syncytiotrophoblast volume homeostasis. Inappropriate activation of IKCa in pathophysiological conditions could compromise syncytiotrophoblast turnover and volume homeostasis in pregnancy disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Díaz
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- St. Mary’s Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Amber M. Wood
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- St. Mary’s Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Colin P. Sibley
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- St. Mary’s Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susan L. Greenwood
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- St. Mary’s Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Sahin H, Akpak YK, Berber U, Gün I, Demirel D, Ergür AR. Expression of P-cadherin (cadherin-3) and E-selectin in the villous trophoblast of first trimester human placenta. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2014; 15:13-7. [PMID: 24790510 DOI: 10.5152/jtgga.2014.56563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although trophoblastic invasion has a critical role in human placental development, very little is known about them. The aim of the present study was to localise the expression of P-cadherin (cadherin-3) and E-selectin in first trimester placenta. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was conducted on 140 patients who had applied to Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpaşa Education Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology between 2005 and 2006. The patients were divided into three groups: ectopic pregnancy group (Group 1), spontaneous abortion group (group 2) and curettage group (group 3 and/or control group). Patients with a history of systemic diseases (such as thrombophilia), a disease or anatomical diagnosis that may cause recurrent abortion or an aetiological factor for ectopic pregnancy were excluded from the study. Paraffin blocks were stained with E-selectin and P-cadherin in accordance with the procedure. Demographic characteristics of patients (patient age, gravida, parity, number of previous abortions, and last menstrual period) and staining intensities were compared using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) among groups. RESULTS According to the average scale score of P-cadherin staining of cells, the three groups were statistically different from each other (p=0.0001). This difference stems from statistically significantly lower scores in the spontaneous abortion group than in both the ectopic pregnancy group (p<0.001) and the control group (p<0.001). E-selectin immunostaining showed no positive staining in the groups. CONCLUSION In placental trophoblasts, decreased P-cadherin immunoreactivity plays a role in the aetiopathogenesis of spontaneous abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Sahin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kasımpaşa Military Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yaşam Kemal Akpak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ankara Military Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Berber
- Department of Pathology, Haydarpaşa Education Hospital, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismet Gün
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haydarpaşa Education Hospital, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilaver Demirel
- Department of Pathology, Haydarpaşa Education Hospital, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Rüştü Ergür
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haydarpaşa Education Hospital, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, İstanbul, Turkey
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An integrative view on the physiology of human early placental villi. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 114:33-48. [PMID: 24291663 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The placenta is an indispensable organ for intrauterine protection, development and growth of the embryo and fetus. It provides tight contact between mother and conceptus, enabling the exchange of gas, nutrients and waste products. The human placenta is discoidal in shape, and bears a hemo-monochorial interface as well as villous materno-fetal interdigitations. Since Peter Medawar's astonishment to the paradoxical nature of the mother-fetus relationship in 1953, substantial knowledge in the domain of placental physiology has been gathered. In the present essay, an attempt has been made to build an integrated understanding of morphological dynamics, cell biology, and functional aspects of genomic and proteomic expression of human early placental villous trophoblast cells followed by a commentary on the future directions of research in this field.
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Kurlak L, Mistry H, Kaptein E, Visser T, Broughton Pipkin F. Thyroid hormones and their placental deiodination in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancy. Placenta 2013; 34:395-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chen Y, Miyazaki J, Nishizawa H, Kurahashi H, Leach R, Wang K. MTA3 regulates CGB5 and Snail genes in trophoblast. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 433:379-84. [PMID: 23510993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Secreted by the placental trophoblast, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is an important hormone during pregnancy and is required for the maintenance of pregnancy. Previous studies have shown that dys-regulation of hCG expression is associated with preeclampsia. However, the exact relationship between altered hCG levels and development of preeclampsia is unknown. Metastasis associated protein 3 (MTA3), a chromatin remodeling protein, is abundantly expressed in the placental trophoblasts, but its function is unknown. In breast cancer, MTA3 has been shown to repress the expression of Snail and cell migration. However, whether MTA3 acts similarly in the trophoblast has not been investigated. In the present study, we examined the role of MTA3 in regulating the hCG β-subunit gene (gene name: CGB5) and Snail expression in the trophoblast cell line, BeWo, as well as its relevance to the high hCG expression levels seen in preeclampsia. First, we investigated MTA3 expression in preeclamptic placenta as compared to normal control placenta via gene expression microarray and qRT-PCR and found that MTA3 was significantly down-regulated, whereas both CGB5 and Snail were up-regulated in preeclamptic placenta. Secondly, we knocked down MTA3 gene in trophoblast cell line BeWo and found Snail and hCG were both up-regulated, suggesting that MTA3 represses Snail and hCG gene expression in trophoblasts. Next, we cloned the CGB5 and Snail promoters into the pGL3-basic vector individually and found that silencing of MTA3 by siRNA resulted in an increase of both CGB5 and Snail promoter activities. To confirm that this MTA3 inhibition is a direct effect, we performed a chromatin immune-precipitation (ChIP) assay and found that MTA3 occupied the proximal promoter regions of both Snail and hCG within BeWo cells. Furthermore, we examined MTA3 expression in placental trophoblast by immunohistochemistry and found that MTA3 expression was higher in villous cytotrophoblasts versus syncytiotrophoblasts, which supports an inverse association of MTA3 with hCG expression. Lastly, using the well-characterized trophoblast fusion model, we examined MTA3 and hCG levels in forskolin-treated BeWo cells and found that MTA3 down-regulation was accompanied by an up-regulation of hCG. These data further suggest that MTA3 is repressing placental hCG expression. In summary, MTA3 plays a critical role in repressing hCG and Snail in placenta trophoblast and its deregulation is associated with preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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Tyberghein K, Goossens S, Haigh JJ, van Roy F, van Hengel J. Tissue-wide overexpression of alpha-T-catenin results in aberrant trophoblast invasion but does not cause embryonic mortality in mice. Placenta 2012; 33:554-60. [PMID: 22534068 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional activation of CTNNA3, encoding αT-catenin, by the Y153H mutated form of the human STOX1 transcription factor was proposed to be responsible for altered fetal trophoblast invasion into the maternal endometrium during placentation in pre-eclampsia. Here we have generated a mouse model to investigate the in vivo effects of ectopic αT-catenin expression on trophoblast invasion. Histological analysis was used to determine the invasive capacities of trophoblasts from transgenic embryos, as well as proliferation rates of spongiotrophoblasts in the junctional zone. Augmented expression of αT-catenin reduced the number of invading trophoblasts but did not cause embryonic mortality. The, αT-catenin positive cells could still invade into the decidual layer and migrated as deeply as wild-type trophoblasts. Furthermore, the junctional zone is enlarged in placentas of mice overexpressing αT-catenin due to hyperproliferation of the residing spongiotrophoblasts, suggesting a pivotal role of αT-catenin levels in the control of the proliferative versus invasive state of trophoblasts during placentation. Our study provides, for the first time, in vivo data on the effects of increased levels of αT-catenin in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tyberghein
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Fedorova L, Gatto-Weis C, Smaili S, Khurshid N, Shapiro JI, Malhotra D, Horrigan T. Down-regulation of the transcription factor snail in the placentas of patients with preeclampsia and in a rat model of preeclampsia. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:15. [PMID: 22360878 PMCID: PMC3298516 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placental malfunction in preeclampsia is believed to be a consequence of aberrant differentiation of trophoblast lineages and changes in utero-placental oxygenation. The transcription factor Snail, a master regulator molecule of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in embryonic development and in cancer, is shown to be involved in trophoblast differentiation as well. Moreover, Snail can be controlled by oxidative stress and hypoxia. Therefore, we examined the expression of Snail and its downstream target, e-cadherin, in human normal term, preterm and preeclamptic placentas, and in pregnant rats that developed preeclampsia-like symptoms in the response to a 20-fold increase in sodium intake. METHODS Western blotting analysis was used for comparative expression of Snail and e- cadherin in total protein extracts. Placental cells expressing Snail and e-cadherin were identified by immunohistochemical double-labeling technique. RESULTS The levels of Snail protein were decreased in human preeclamptic placentas by 30% (p < 0.01) compared to normal term, and in the rat model by 40% (p < 0.001) compared to control placentas. In preterm placentas, the levels of Snail expression varied, yet there was a strong trend toward statistical significance between preterm and preeclamptic placentas. In humans, e-cadherin protein level was 30% higher in preeclamptic (p < 0.05) placentas and similarly, but not significantly (p = 0.1), high in the preterm placentas compared to normal term. In the rat model of preeclampsia, e-cadherin was increased by 60% (p < 0.01). Immunohistochemical examination of human placentas demonstrated Snail-positive staining in the nuclei of the villous trophoblasts and mesenchymal cells and in the invasive trophoblasts of the decidua. In the rat placenta, the majority of Snail positive cells were spongiotrophoblasts of the junctional zone, while in the labyrinth, Snail-positive sinusoidal giant trophoblasts cells were found in some focal areas located close to the junctional zone. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that human preeclampsia and the salt-induced rat model of preeclampsia are associated with the reduced levels of Snail protein in placenta. Down-regulation of the transcription factor Snail in placental progenitor cell lineages, either by intrinsic defects and/or by extrinsic and maternal factors, may affect normal placenta development and function and thus contribute to the pathology of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Fedorova
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo School of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Cara Gatto-Weis
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo School of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Sleiman Smaili
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toledo School of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Nauman Khurshid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toledo School of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo School of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo School of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Terrence Horrigan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toledo School of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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Robbins JR, Bakardjiev AI. Pathogens and the placental fortress. Curr Opin Microbiol 2012; 15:36-43. [PMID: 22169833 PMCID: PMC3265690 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Placental infections are major causes of maternal and fetal disease. This review introduces a new paradigm for placental infections based on current knowledge of placental defenses and how this barrier can be breached. Transmission of pathogens from mother to fetus can occur at two sites of direct contact between maternal cells and specialized fetal cells (trophoblasts) in the human placenta: firstly, maternal immune and endothelial cells juxtaposed to extravillous trophoblasts in the uterine implantation site and secondly, maternal blood surrounding the syncytiotrophoblast (SYN). Recent findings suggest that the primary vulnerability is in the implantation site. We explore evidence that the placental SYN evolved as a defense against pathogens, and that inflammation-mediated spontaneous abortion may benefit mother and pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Robbins
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Watson ED, Hughes M, Simmons DG, Natale DR, Sutherland AE, Cross JC. Cell-cell adhesion defects in Mrj mutant trophoblast cells are associated with failure to pattern the chorion during early placental development. Dev Dyn 2011; 240:2505-19. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Debieve F, Depoix C, Hubinont C. Transcription factor AP2 regulates human inhibin subunit gene expression during in vitro trophoblast differentiation. Mol Hum Reprod 2011; 17:702-9. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gar045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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