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Sakuma K, Hamada K, Yamaguchi A, Aoi W. Current Nutritional and Pharmacological Approaches for Attenuating Sarcopenia. Cells 2023; 12:2422. [PMID: 37830636 PMCID: PMC10572610 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by a gradual slowing of movement due to loss of muscle mass and quality, decreased power and strength, increased risk of injury from falls, and often weakness. This review will focus on recent research trends in nutritional and pharmacological approaches to controlling sarcopenia. Because nutritional studies in humans are fairly limited, this paper includes many results from nutritional studies in mammals. The combination of resistance training with supplements containing amino acids is the gold standard for preventing sarcopenia. Amino acid (HMB) supplementation alone has no significant effect on muscle strength or muscle mass in sarcopenia, but the combination of HMB and exercise (whole body vibration stimulation) is likely to be effective. Tea catechins, soy isoflavones, and ursolic acid are interesting candidates for reducing sarcopenia, but both more detailed basic research on this treatment and clinical studies in humans are needed. Vitamin D supplementation has been shown not to improve sarcopenia in elderly individuals who are not vitamin D-deficient. Myostatin inhibitory drugs have been tried in many neuromuscular diseases, but increases in muscle mass and strength are less likely to be expected. Validation of myostatin inhibitory antibodies in patients with sarcopenia has been positive, but excessive expectations are not warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Sakuma
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan;
| | - Kento Hamada
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan;
| | - Akihiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan;
| | - Wataru Aoi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan;
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Wang T, Xu H, Wu S, Guo Y, Zhao G, Wang D. Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of the Green Tea Polyphenol EGCG in Sarcopenia Prevention and Management. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37316469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is prevalent among the older population and severely affects human health. Tea catechins may benefit for skeletal muscle performance and protect against secondary sarcopenia. However, the mechanisms underlying their antisarcopenic effect are still not fully understood. Despite initial successes in animal and early clinical trials regarding the safety and efficacy of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major catechin of green tea, many challenges, problems, and unanswered questions remain. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the potential role and underlying mechanisms of EGCG in sarcopenia prevention and management. We thoroughly review the general biological activities and general effects of EGCG on skeletal muscle performance, EGCG's antisarcopenic mechanisms, and recent clinical evidence of the aforesaid effects and mechanisms. We also address safety issues and provide directions for future studies. The possible concerted actions of EGCG indicate the need for further studies on sarcopenia prevention and management in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 212000 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxin Guo
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangshan Zhao
- College of Food Science & Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 450002 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
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Hermes TDA, Mâncio RD, Mizobutti DS, Macedo AB, Kido LA, Cagnon Quitete VHA, Minatel E. Cilostazol attenuates oxidative stress and apoptosis in the quadriceps muscle of the dystrophic mouse experimental model. Int J Exp Pathol 2023; 104:13-22. [PMID: 36565167 PMCID: PMC9845609 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most severe and frequent form of muscular dystrophy. The mdx mouse is one of the most widely used experimental models to understand aspects of the biology of dystrophic skeletal muscles and the mechanisms of DMD. Oxidative stress and apoptosis are present in early stages of the disease in mdx mice. The high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes activation of apoptotic death regulatory proteins due to DNA damage and breakdown of nuclear and mitochondrial membranes. The quadriceps (QUA) muscle of the mdx mouse is a good tool to study oxidative events. Previous studies have demonstrated that cilostazol exerts an anti-oxidant effect by decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study aimed to evaluate the ability of cilostazol to modulate oxidative stress and apoptosis in the QUA muscle of mdx mice. Fourteen-day-old mdx mice received cilostazol or saline for 14 days. C57BL/10 mice were used as a control. In the QUA muscle of mdx mice, cilostazol treatment decreased ROS production (-74%), the number of lipofuscin granules (-47%), lipid peroxidation (-11%), and the number of apoptotic cells (-66%). Thus cilostazol showed anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic action in the QUA muscle of mdx mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Túlio de Almeida Hermes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of BiologyState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)São PauloBrazil
- Departament of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical SciencesFederal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL‐MG)AlfenasBrazil
| | - Rafael Dias Mâncio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of BiologyState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Daniela Sayuri Mizobutti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of BiologyState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Aline Barbosa Macedo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of BiologyState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Larissa Akemi Kido
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of BiologyState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)São PauloBrazil
| | | | - Elaine Minatel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of BiologyState University of Campinas (UNICAMP)São PauloBrazil
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Cabezas Perez RJ, Ávila Rodríguez MF, Rosero Salazar DH. Exogenous Antioxidants in Remyelination and Skeletal Muscle Recovery. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102557. [PMID: 36289819 PMCID: PMC9599955 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory, oxidative, and autoimmune responses cause severe damage to the nervous system inducing loss of myelin layers or demyelination. Even though demyelination is not considered a direct cause of skeletal muscle disease there is extensive damage in skeletal muscles following demyelination and impaired innervation. In vitro and in vivo evidence using exogenous antioxidants in models of demyelination is showing improvements in myelin formation alongside skeletal muscle recovery. For instance, exogenous antioxidants such as EGCG stimulate nerve structure maintenance, activation of glial cells, and reduction of oxidative stress. Consequently, this evidence is also showing structural and functional recovery of impaired skeletal muscles due to demyelination. Exogenous antioxidants mostly target inflammatory pathways and stimulate remyelinating mechanisms that seem to induce skeletal muscle regeneration. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe recent evidence related to the molecular mechanisms in nerve and skeletal muscle regeneration induced by exogenous antioxidants. This will be relevant to identifying further targets to improve treatments of neuromuscular demyelinating diseases.
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Garegnani L, Hyland M, Roson Rodriguez P, Escobar Liquitay CM, Franco JV. Antioxidants to prevent respiratory decline in people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and progressive respiratory decline. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 12:CD013720. [PMID: 34850383 PMCID: PMC8632644 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013720.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder characterised by progressive muscle weakness beginning in early childhood. Respiratory failure and weak cough develop in all patients as a consequence of muscle weakness leading to a risk of atelectasis, pneumonia, or the need for ventilatory support. There is no curative treatment for DMD. Corticosteroids are the only pharmacological intervention proven to delay the onset and progression of muscle weakness and thus respiratory decline in DMD. Antioxidant treatment has been proposed to try to reduce muscle weakness in general, and respiratory decline in particular. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of antioxidant agents on preventing respiratory decline in people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy during the respiratory decline phase of the condition. SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and two trials registers to 23 March 2021, together with reference checking, citation searching, and contact with study authors to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs that met our inclusion criteria. We included male patients with a diagnosis of DMD who had respiratory decline evidenced by a forced vital capacity (FVC%) less than 80% but greater than 30% of predicted values, receiving any antioxidant agent compared with other therapies for the management of DMD or placebo. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors screened studies for eligibility, assessed risk of bias of studies, and extracted data. We used standard methods expected by Cochrane. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach. The primary outcomes were FVC and hospitalisation due to respiratory infections. Secondary outcomes were quality of life, adverse events, change in muscle function, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow (PEF). MAIN RESULTS: We included one study with 66 participants who were not co-treated with corticosteroids, which was the only study to contribute data to our main analysis. We also included a study that enrolled 255 participants treated with corticosteroids, which was only available as a press release without numerical results. The studies were parallel-group RCTs that assessed the effect of idebenone on respiratory function compared to placebo. The trial that contributed numerical data included patients with a mean (standard deviation) age of 14.3 (2.7) years at the time of inclusion, with a documented diagnosis of DMD or severe dystrophinopathy with clinical features consistent with typical DMD. The overall risk of bias across most outcomes was similar and judged as 'low'. Idebenone may result in a slightly less of a decline in FVC from baseline to one year compared to placebo (mean difference (MD) 3.28%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.41 to 6.97; 64 participants; low-certainty evidence), and probably has little or no effect on change in quality of life (MD -3.80, 95% CI -10.09 to 2.49; 63 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), range 0 to 100, 0 = worst, 100 = best quality of life). As a related but secondary outcome, idebenone may result in less of a decline from baseline in FEV1 (MD 8.28%, 95% CI 0.89 to 15.67; 53 participants) and PEF (MD 6.27%, 95% CI 0.61 to 11.93; 1 trial, 64 participants) compared to placebo. Idebenone was associated with fewer serious adverse events (RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.09 to 2.04; 66 participants; low-certainty evidence) and little to no difference in non-serious adverse events (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.13; 66 participants; low-certainty evidence) compared to placebo. Idebenone may result in little to no difference in change in arm muscle function (MD -2.45 N, 95% CI -8.60 to 3.70 for elbow flexors and MD -1.06 N, 95% CI -6.77 to 4.65 for elbow extensors; both 52 participants) compared to placebo. We found no studies evaluating the outcome hospitalisation due to respiratory infection. The second trial, involving 255 participants, for which data were available only as a press release without numerical data, was prematurely discontinued due to futility after an interim efficacy analysis based on FVC. There were no safety concerns. The certainty of the evidence was low for most outcomes due to imprecision and publication bias (the lack of a full report of the larger trial, which was prematurely terminated). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Idebenone is the only antioxidant agent tested in RCTs for preventing respiratory decline in people with DMD for which evidence was available for assessment. Idebenone may result in slightly less of a decline in FVC and less of a decline in FEV1 and PEF, but probably has little to no measurable effect on change in quality of life. Idebenone is associated with fewer serious adverse events than placebo. Idebenone may result in little to no difference in change in muscle function. Discontinuation due to the futility of the SIDEROS trial and its expanded access programmes may indicate that idebenone research in this condition is no longer needed, but we await the trial data. Further research is needed to establish the effect of different antioxidant agents on preventing respiratory decline in people with DMD during the respiratory decline phase of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Garegnani
- Associate Cochrane Centre, Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin Hyland
- Paediatric Neurology Division - Paediatrics Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Roson Rodriguez
- Research Department, Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Juan Va Franco
- Associate Cochrane Centre, Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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In Memoriam of Professor Peter J Stoward (1935-2021) : Histochemist and Medical Educator who sought treatments for muscular dystrophies. J Mol Histol 2021. [PMID: 34766243 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-10042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Garegnani L, Hyland M, Roson Rodriguez P, Escobar Liquitay CME, Franco JV. Antioxidants to prevent respiratory decline in people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and progressive respiratory decline. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 11:CD013720. [PMID: 34748221 PMCID: PMC8574769 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013720.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder characterised by progressive muscle weakness beginning in early childhood. Respiratory failure and weak cough develop in all patients as a consequence of muscle weakness leading to a risk of atelectasis, pneumonia, or the need for ventilatory support. There is no curative treatment for DMD. Corticosteroids are the only pharmacological intervention proven to delay the onset and progression of muscle weakness and thus respiratory decline in DMD. Antioxidant treatment has been proposed to try to reduce muscle weakness in general, and respiratory decline in particular. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of antioxidant agents on preventing respiratory decline in people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy during the respiratory decline phase of the condition. SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and two trials registers to 23 March 2021, together with reference checking, citation searching, and contact with study authors to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs that met our inclusion criteria. We included male patients with a diagnosis of DMD who had respiratory decline evidenced by a forced vital capacity (FVC%) less than 80% but greater than 30% of predicted values, receiving any antioxidant agent compared with other therapies for the management of DMD or placebo. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors screened studies for eligibility, assessed risk of bias of studies, and extracted data. We used standard methods expected by Cochrane. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach. The primary outcomes were FVC and hospitalisation due to respiratory infections. Secondary outcomes were quality of life, adverse events, change in muscle function, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow (PEF). MAIN RESULTS: We included one study with 66 participants who were not co-treated with corticosteroids, which was the only study to contribute data to our main analysis. We also included a study that enrolled 255 participants treated with corticosteroids, which was only available as a press release without numerical results. The studies were parallel-group RCTs that assessed the effect of idebenone on respiratory function compared to placebo. The trial that contributed numerical data included patients with a mean (standard deviation) age of 14.3 (2.7) years at the time of inclusion, with a documented diagnosis of DMD or severe dystrophinopathy with clinical features consistent with typical DMD. The overall risk of bias across most outcomes was similar and judged as 'low'. Idebenone may result in a slightly less of a decline in FVC from baseline to one year compared to placebo (mean difference (MD) 3.28%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.41 to 6.97; 64 participants; low-certainty evidence), and probably has little or no effect on change in quality of life (MD -3.80, 95% CI -10.09 to 2.49; 63 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), range 0 to 100, 0 = worst, 100 = best quality of life). As a related but secondary outcome, idebenone may result in less of a decline from baseline in FEV1 (MD 8.28%, 95% CI 0.89 to 15.67; 53 participants) and PEF (MD 6.27%, 95% CI 0.61 to 11.93; 1 trial, 64 participants) compared to placebo. Idebenone was associated with fewer serious adverse events (RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.09 to 2.04; 66 participants; low-certainty evidence) and little to no difference in non-serious adverse events (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.13; 66 participants; low-certainty evidence) compared to placebo. Idebenone may result in little to no difference in change in arm muscle function (MD -2.45 N, 95% CI -8.60 to 3.70 for elbow flexors and MD -1.06 N, 95% CI -6.77 to 4.65 for elbow extensors; both 52 participants) compared to placebo. We found no studies evaluating the outcome hospitalisation due to respiratory infection. The second trial, involving 255 participants, for which data were available only as a press release without numerical data, was prematurely discontinued due to futility after an interim efficacy analysis based on FVC. There were no safety concerns. The certainty of the evidence was low for most outcomes due to imprecision and publication bias (the lack of a full report of the larger trial, which was prematurely terminated). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Idebenone is the only antioxidant agent tested in RCTs for preventing respiratory decline in people with DMD for which evidence was available for assessment. Idebenone may result in slightly less of a decline in FVC and less of a decline in FEV1 and PEF, but probably has little to no measurable effect on change in quality of life. Idebenone is associated with fewer serious adverse events than placebo. Idebenone may result in little to no difference in change in muscle function. Discontinuation due to the futility of the SIDEROS trial and its expanded access programmes may indicate that idebenone research in this condition is no longer needed, but we await the trial data. Further research is needed to establish the effect of different antioxidant agents on preventing respiratory decline in people with DMD during the respiratory decline phase of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Garegnani
- Associate Cochrane Centre, Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin Hyland
- Paediatric Neurology Division - Paediatrics Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Roson Rodriguez
- Research Department, Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Juan Va Franco
- Associate Cochrane Centre, Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Impacts of Green Tea on Joint and Skeletal Muscle Health: Prospects of Translational Nutrition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111050. [PMID: 33126483 PMCID: PMC7692648 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis and sarcopenia are two major joint and skeletal muscle diseases prevalent during aging. Osteoarthritis is a multifactorial progressive degenerative and inflammatory disorder of articular cartilage. Cartilage protection and pain management are the two most important strategies in the management of osteoarthritis. Sarcopenia, a condition of loss of muscle mass and strength, is associated with impaired neuromuscular innervation, the transition of skeletal muscle fiber type, and reduced muscle regenerative capacity. Management of sarcopenia requires addressing both skeletal muscle quantity and quality. Emerging evidence suggests that green tea catechins play an important role in maintaining healthy joints and skeletal muscle. This review covers (i) the prevalence and etiology of osteoarthritis and sarcopenia, such as excessive inflammation and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduced autophagy; (ii) the effects of green tea catechins on joint health by downregulating inflammatory signaling mediators, upregulating anabolic mediators, and modulating miRNAs expression, resulting in reduced chondrocyte death, collagen degradation, and cartilage protection; (iii) the effects of green tea catechins on skeletal muscle health via maintaining a dynamic balance between protein synthesis and degradation and boosting the synthesis of mitochondrial energy metabolism, resulting in favorable muscle homeostasis and mitigation of muscle atrophy with aging; and (iv) the current study limitations and future research directions.
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Garegnani L, Hyland M, Roson Rodriguez P, Escobar Liquitay CM, Quinlivan R, Franco JVA. Antioxidants to prevent respiratory decline in people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and progressive respiratory decline. Hippokratia 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Garegnani
- Research Department; Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Martin Hyland
- Paediatric Neurology Division - Paediatrics Department; Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Pablo Roson Rodriguez
- Research Department; Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | | | - Rosaline Quinlivan
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre; UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and Great Ormond Street; London UK
| | - Juan VA Franco
- Argentine Cochrane Centre; Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano; Buenos Aires Argentina
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Datta N, Ghosh PS. Update on Muscular Dystrophies with Focus on Novel Treatments and Biomarkers. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2020; 20:14. [DOI: 10.1007/s11910-020-01034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Suntar I, Sureda A, Belwal T, Sanches Silva A, Vacca RA, Tewari D, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Nabavi SF, Shirooie S, Dehpour AR, Xu S, Yousefi B, Majidinia M, Daglia M, D'Antona G, Nabavi SM. Natural products, PGC-1 α , and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:734-745. [PMID: 32528825 PMCID: PMC7276681 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a transcriptional coactivator that binds to a diverse range of transcription factors. PPARγ coactivator 1 (PGC-1) coactivators possess an extensive range of biological effects in different tissues, and play a key part in the regulation of the oxidative metabolism, consequently modulating the production of reactive oxygen species, autophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Owing to these findings, a large body of studies, aiming to establish the role of PGC-1 in the neuromuscular system, has shown that PGC-1 could be a promising target for therapies targeting neuromuscular diseases. Among these, some evidence has shown that various signaling pathways linked to PGC-1α are deregulated in muscular dystrophy, leading to a reduced capacity for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In the light of these results, any intervention aimed at activating PGC-1 could contribute towards ameliorating the progression of muscular dystrophies. PGC-1α is influenced by different patho-physiological/pharmacological stimuli. Natural products have been reported to display modulatory effects on PPARγ activation with fewer side effects in comparison to synthetic drugs. Taken together, this review summarizes the current knowledge on Duchenne muscular dystrophy, focusing on the potential effects of natural compounds, acting as regulators of PGC-1α.
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Key Words
- AAV, adeno-associated virus
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- AMPK, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- ASO, antisense oligonucleotides
- ATF2, activating transcription factor 2
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BMD, Becker muscular dystrophy
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CREB, cyclic AMP response element-binding protein
- CnA, calcineurin a
- DAGC, dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex
- DGC, dystrophin–glycoprotein complex
- DMD, Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- DRP1, dynamin-related protein 1
- DS, Down syndrome
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate
- ERRα, estrogen-related receptor alpha
- FDA, U. S. Food and Drug Administration
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FOXO1, forkhead box class-O1
- GABP, GA-binding protein
- GPX, glutathione peroxidase
- GSK3b, glycogen synthase kinase 3b
- HCT, hydrochlorothiazide
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factors
- IL, interleukin
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MD, muscular dystrophy
- MEF2, myocyte enhancer factor 2
- MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells
- Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation
- Muscular dystrophy
- MyoD, myogenic differentiation
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NMJ, neuromuscular junctions
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOS, NO synthase
- Natural product
- PDGF, platelet derived growth factor
- PGC-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1
- PPARγ activation
- PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive oxygen species
- SIRT1, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- SPP1, secreted phosphoprotein 1
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- UCP, uncoupling protein
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells
- p38 MAPK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
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Petrillo S, Pelosi L, Piemonte F, Travaglini L, Forcina L, Catteruccia M, Petrini S, Verardo M, D'Amico A, Musarò A, Bertini E. Oxidative stress in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: focus on the NRF2 redox pathway. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:2781-2790. [PMID: 28472288 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an X-linked genetic disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene and characterized by progressive, lethal muscle degeneration and chronic inflammation. In this study, we explored the expression and signaling pathway of a master player of the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory response, namely NF-E2-related Factor 2, in muscle biopsies of DMD patients. We classified DMD patients in two age groups (Class I, 0-2 years and Class II, 2-9 years), in order to evaluate the antioxidant pathway expression during the disease progression. We observed that altered enzymatic antioxidant responses, increased levels of oxidized glutathione and oxidative damage are differently modulated in the two age classes of patients and well correlate with the severity of pathology. Interestingly, we also observed a modulation of relevant markers of the inflammatory response, such as heme oxygenase 1 and Inteleukin-6 (IL-6), suggesting a link between oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory response. Of note, using a transgenic mouse model, we demonstrated that IL-6 overexpression parallels the antioxidant expression profile and the severity of dystrophic muscle observed in DMD patients. This study advances our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying DMD and defines the critical role of oxidative stress on muscle wasting with clear implications for disease pathogenesis and therapy in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrillo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesú, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pelosi
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesú, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorena Travaglini
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesú, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Forcina
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Catteruccia
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesú, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Laboratory of Research, Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Verardo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesú, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Adele D'Amico
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesú, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Musarò
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesú, 00146 Rome, Italy
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13
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Tempol Supplementation Restores Diaphragm Force and Metabolic Enzyme Activities in mdx Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6040101. [PMID: 29210997 PMCID: PMC5745511 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by striated muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy, and respiratory failure. Since oxidative stress is recognized as a secondary pathology in DMD, the efficacy of antioxidant intervention, using the superoxide scavenger tempol, was examined on functional and biochemical status of dystrophin-deficient diaphragm muscle. Diaphragm muscle function was assessed, ex vivo, in adult male wild-type and dystrophin-deficient mdx mice, with and without a 14-day antioxidant intervention. The enzymatic activities of muscle citrate synthase, phosphofructokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase were assessed using spectrophotometric assays. Dystrophic diaphragm displayed mechanical dysfunction and altered biochemical status. Chronic tempol supplementation in the drinking water increased diaphragm functional capacity and citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase enzymatic activities, restoring all values to wild-type levels. Chronic supplementation with tempol recovers force-generating capacity and metabolic enzyme activity in mdx diaphragm. These findings may have relevance in the search for therapeutic strategies in neuromuscular disease.
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Rashidi B, Malekzadeh M. Evaluation of Endometrial Angiogenesis in Mice Uterus Before Implantation in Natural Cycles Followed by Use of Human Menopausal Gonadotropin - Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Drugs and Epigallocatechin Gallate. Adv Biomed Res 2017; 6:138. [PMID: 29279836 PMCID: PMC5698980 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.218029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiogenesis plays a major role in endometrial receptivity and thickening of the endometrium immediately before implantation. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the antiangiogenic properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea in angiogenesis of endometrium. Materials and Methods: In this study, forty adult female NMARI mice randomly divided into four groups. Control group received vehicle; human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin (HMG/HCG) group received 7.5 IU HMG intraperitoneal (IP) and 48 h later 7.5 IU HCG was injected (IP) for ovarian stimulation; HMG/HCG + EGCG group received HMG and HCG in the same manner as the previous group and also received 5 mg/kg EGCG at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after injection of HMG; and the group EGCG received 5 mg/kg EGCG. A male mouse was kept with two female animals in the same cage for mating. Mice were dissected 96 h after administration of HMG (immediately before implantation) and tissue processing was carried out for the uterine specimens. CD31-positive cells were counted by use of histological and immunohistochemical methods. Results: Angiogenesis in EGCG-treated group was less than that of control and gonadotropin group (P < 0.05). The number of endothelial cells was counted by CD31 marker under a light microscope and showed significant differences between all groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: EGCG significantly inhibited the angiogenesis in endometrium (in natural cycles) through antiangiogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrnoush Malekzadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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15
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Kennedy TL, Moir L, Hemming S, Edwards B, Squire S, Davies K, Guiraud S. Utrophin influences mitochondrial pathology and oxidative stress in dystrophic muscle. Skelet Muscle 2017; 7:22. [PMID: 29065908 PMCID: PMC5655821 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-017-0139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal X-linked muscle wasting disorder caused by the absence of dystrophin, a large cytoskeletal muscle protein. Increasing the levels of the dystrophin-related-protein utrophin is a highly promising therapy for DMD and has been shown to improve pathology in dystrophin-deficient mice. One contributing factor to muscle wasting in DMD is mitochondrial pathology that contributes to oxidative stress and propagates muscle damage. The purpose of this study was to assess whether utrophin could attenuate mitochondria pathology and oxidative stress. Methods Skeletal muscles from wildtype C57BL/10, dystrophin-deficient mdx, dystrophin/utrophin double knockout (dko) and dystrophin-deficient mdx/utrophin over-expressing mdx-Fiona transgenic mice were assessed for markers of mitochondrial damage. Results Using transmission electron microscopy, we show that high levels of utrophin ameliorate the aberrant structure and localisation of mitochondria in mdx mice whereas absence of utrophin worsened these features in dko mice. Elevated utrophin also reverts markers of protein oxidation and oxidative stress, elevated in mdx and dko mice, to wildtype levels. These changes were observed independently of a shift in oxidative phenotype. Conclusion These findings show that utrophin levels influence mitochondrial pathology and oxidative stress. While utrophin deficiency worsens the pathology, utrophin over-expression in dystrophic muscle benefits mitochondria and attenuates the downstream pathology associated with aberrant mitochondrial function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13395-017-0139-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahnee L Kennedy
- Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Lee Moir
- Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Sarah Hemming
- Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Ben Edwards
- Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Sarah Squire
- Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Kay Davies
- Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
| | - Simon Guiraud
- Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
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16
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Effects of (−)-epicatechin on frontal cortex DAPC and dysbindin of the mdx mice. Neurosci Lett 2017; 658:142-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Miyatake S, Shimizu-Motohashi Y, Takeda S, Aoki Y. Anti-inflammatory drugs for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: focus on skeletal muscle-releasing factors. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:2745-58. [PMID: 27621596 PMCID: PMC5012616 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s110163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an incurable and a progressive muscle wasting disease, is caused by the absence of dystrophin protein, leading to recurrent muscle fiber damage during contraction. The inflammatory response to fiber damage is a compelling candidate mechanism for disease exacerbation. The only established pharmacological treatment for DMD is corticosteroids to suppress muscle inflammation, however this treatment is limited by its insufficient therapeutic efficacy and considerable side effects. Recent reports show the therapeutic potential of inhibiting or enhancing pro- or anti-inflammatory factors released from DMD skeletal muscles, resulting in significant recovery from muscle atrophy and dysfunction. We discuss and review the recent findings of DMD inflammation and opportunities for drug development targeting specific releasing factors from skeletal muscles. It has been speculated that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs targeting specific inflammatory factors are more effective and have less side effects for DMD compared with steroidal drugs. For example, calcium channels, reactive oxygen species, and nuclear factor-κB signaling factors are the most promising targets as master regulators of inflammatory response in DMD skeletal muscles. If they are combined with an oligonucleotide-based exon skipping therapy to restore dystrophin expression, the anti-inflammatory drug therapies may address the present therapeutic limitation of low efficiency for DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouta Miyatake
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Shimizu-Motohashi
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Aoki
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Nakae Y, Stoward PJ. The high correlation between counts and area fractions of lipofuscin granules, a biomarker of oxidative stress in muscular dystrophies. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:627-634. [PMID: 27394427 PMCID: PMC5073145 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Images of cryostat unstained sections of two skeletal muscles, diaphragm and extensor digitorum longus (EDL), from wild-type normal and dystrophic mdx mice were captured with a fluorescence microscope, binarised and analysed by an automated procedure using ImageJ free software. The numbers, Feret diameters and areas of autofluorescent lipofuscin (LF)-like granules in the sections were determined from the binary images. The mean numbers of counted LF granules per mm3 muscle tissue correlated highly (r ≥ 0.9) with the area fractions of the granules in sections of both normal and mdx muscles. The similar distribution patterns of granule sizes in sections of diaphragm and EDL muscles are consistent with the high correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Nakae
- Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan. .,, 391 Kamigoryo Baba-cho, Kamikyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0891, Japan.
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19
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Rybalka E, Timpani CA, Stathis CG, Hayes A, Cooke MB. Metabogenic and Nutriceutical Approaches to Address Energy Dysregulation and Skeletal Muscle Wasting in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Nutrients 2015; 7:9734-67. [PMID: 26703720 PMCID: PMC4690050 DOI: 10.3390/nu7125498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal genetic muscle wasting disease with no current cure. A prominent, yet poorly treated feature of dystrophic muscle is the dysregulation of energy homeostasis which may be associated with intrinsic defects in key energy systems and promote muscle wasting. As such, supplementative nutriceuticals that target and augment the bioenergetical expansion of the metabolic pathways involved in cellular energy production have been widely investigated for their therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of DMD. We describe the metabolic nuances of dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle and review the potential of various metabogenic and nutriceutical compounds to ameliorate the pathological and clinical progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rybalka
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia.
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Healthy Living, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia.
- Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, Western Health, Melbourne 3021, Australia.
| | - Cara A Timpani
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia.
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Healthy Living, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia.
| | - Christos G Stathis
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia.
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Healthy Living, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia.
- Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, Western Health, Melbourne 3021, Australia.
| | - Alan Hayes
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia.
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Healthy Living, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia.
- Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, Western Health, Melbourne 3021, Australia.
| | - Matthew B Cooke
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia.
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Healthy Living, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia.
- Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, Western Health, Melbourne 3021, Australia.
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20
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Passerieux E, Hayot M, Jaussent A, Carnac G, Gouzi F, Pillard F, Picot MC, Böcker K, Hugon G, Pincemail J, Defraigne JO, Verrips T, Mercier J, Laoudj-Chenivesse D. Effects of vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc gluconate, and selenomethionine supplementation on muscle function and oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 81:158-69. [PMID: 25246239 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy of specific skeletal muscles. As growing evidence suggests that oxidative stress may contribute to FSHD pathology, antioxidants that might modulate or delay oxidative insults could help in maintaining FSHD muscle function. Our primary objective was to test whether oral administration of vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc gluconate, and selenomethionine could improve the physical performance of patients with FSHD. Adult patients with FSHD (n=53) were enrolled at Montpellier University Hospital (France) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 500 mg vitamin C, 400mg vitamin E, 25mg zinc gluconate and 200 μg selenomethionine (n=26), or matching placebo (n=27) once a day for 17 weeks. Primary outcomes were changes in the two-minute walking test (2-MWT), maximal voluntary contraction, and endurance limit time of the dominant and nondominant quadriceps (MVCQD, MVCQND, TlimQD, and TlimQND, respectively) after 17 weeks of treatment. Secondary outcomes were changes in the antioxidant status and oxidative stress markers. Although 2-MWT, MVCQ, and TlimQ were all significantly improved in the supplemented group at the end of the treatment compared to baseline, only MVCQ and TlimQ variations were significantly different between groups (MVCQD: P=0.011; MVCQND: P=0.004; TlimQD: P=0.028; TlimQND: P=0.011). Similarly, the vitamin C (P<0.001), vitamin E as α-tocopherol (P<0.001), vitamin C/vitamin E ratio (P=0.017), vitamin E γ/α ratio (P=0.022) and lipid peroxides (P<0.001) variations were significantly different between groups. In conclusion, vitamin E, vitamin C, zinc, and selenium supplementation has no significant effect on the 2-MWT, but improves MVCQ and TlimQ of both quadriceps by enhancing the antioxidant defenses and reducing oxidative stress. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (number: NCT01596803).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Passerieux
- University of Montpellier 1 and 2, INSERM Unit 1046, Montpellier, France
| | - Maurice Hayot
- University of Montpellier 1 and 2, INSERM Unit 1046, Montpellier, France and Department of Clinical Physiology, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Jaussent
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Carnac
- University of Montpellier 1 and 2, INSERM Unit 1046, Montpellier, France
| | - Fares Gouzi
- University of Montpellier 1 and 2, INSERM Unit 1046, Montpellier, France and Department of Clinical Physiology, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabien Pillard
- Department of Respiratory Exploration and Department of Sports Medicine, Larrey University Hospital, Toulouse CEDEX, France
| | - Marie-Christine Picot
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University Hospital, Montpellier, France and CIC 1001-INSERM
| | - Koen Böcker
- Alan Turing Institute Almere, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald Hugon
- University of Montpellier 1 and 2, INSERM Unit 1046, Montpellier, France
| | - Joel Pincemail
- Department of cardiovascular Surgery and Department of CREDEC, University Hospital of Liege, Belgium
| | - Jean O Defraigne
- Department of cardiovascular Surgery and Department of CREDEC, University Hospital of Liege, Belgium
| | - Theo Verrips
- Utrecht University, Department of Biology, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Mercier
- University of Montpellier 1 and 2, INSERM Unit 1046, Montpellier, France and Department of Clinical Physiology, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Dalila Laoudj-Chenivesse
- University of Montpellier 1 and 2, INSERM Unit 1046, Montpellier, France and Department of Clinical Physiology, University Hospital, Montpellier, France.
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21
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Manning J, O'Malley D. What has the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy contributed to our understanding of this disease? J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2015; 36:155-67. [PMID: 25669899 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-015-9406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal X-chromosome linked recessive disorder caused by the truncation or deletion of the dystrophin gene. The most widely used animal model of this disease is the dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse which was first discovered 30 years ago. Despite its extensive use in DMD research, no effective treatment has yet been developed for this devastating disease. This review explores what we have learned from this mouse model regarding the pathophysiology of DMD and asks if it has a future in providing a better more thorough understanding of this disease or if it will bring us any closer to improving the outlook for DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Manning
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, 4.23 Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
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22
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Rocco AB, Levalley JC, Eldridge JA, Marsh SA, Rodgers BD. A novel protocol for assessing exercise performance and dystropathophysiology in the mdx mouse. Muscle Nerve 2014; 50:541-8. [PMID: 24449511 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dystrophinopathy in the young mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy is comparatively mild, requires induction, and is rarely assessed with tests of systemic muscle function in whole animals. METHODS A modified TREAT-NMD induction protocol was used to evaluate respiratory and exercise performance, starting and ending with maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max ) tests. RESULTS The initial and/or final VO2max , time to exhaustion, speed at exhaustion, and total expended calories were significantly lower in mdx mice. Episodic VO2 and VCO2 fluctuations occurred during training and resulted in dissociated patterns of VO2 and respiratory exchange ratio (RER). These fluctuations further resulted in significantly greater VO2 coefficient of variation and RER values and lower minimal VO2 values. CONCLUSIONS Quantifying respiratory performance during exercise is a potentially useful means for studying pathophysiology in mdx mice, as it assesses intact animals over time, is more sensitive than some histological markers, and assesses systemic muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Rocco
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington Center for Muscle Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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23
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Naturally occurring plant polyphenols as potential therapies for inherited neuromuscular diseases. Future Med Chem 2014; 5:2091-101. [PMID: 24215348 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several lines of laboratory-based evidence emerging to suggest that purified polyphenol compounds such as resveratrol, found naturally in red grapes, epigallocatechin galate from green tea and curcumin from turmeric, might be useful for the treatment of various inherited neuromuscular diseases, including spinal muscular atrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Here, we critically examine the scientific evidence related to the known molecular effects that these polyphenols have on different models of inherited neuromuscular disease, with particular attention to problems with the validity of in vitro evidence. We also present proteomic evidence that polyphenols have in vitro effects on cells related to metal ion chelation in cell-culture media. Although their precise mechanisms of action remain somewhat elusive, polyphenols could be an attractive approach to therapy for inherited neuromuscular disease, especially since they may be safer to use on young children, compared with some of the other drug candidates.
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24
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Dorchies OM, Reutenauer-Patte J, Dahmane E, Ismail HM, Petermann O, Patthey- Vuadens O, Comyn SA, Gayi E, Piacenza T, Handa RJ, Décosterd LA, Ruegg UT. The anticancer drug tamoxifen counteracts the pathology in a mouse model of duchenne muscular dystrophy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:485-504. [PMID: 23332367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe disorder characterized by progressive muscle wasting,respiratory and cardiac impairments, and premature death. No treatment exists so far, and the identification of active substances to fight DMD is urgently needed. We found that tamoxifen, a drug used to treat estrogen-dependent breast cancer, caused remarkable improvements of muscle force and of diaphragm and cardiac structure in the mdx(5Cv) mouse model of DMD. Oral tamoxifen treatment from 3 weeks of age for 15 months at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day stabilized myofiber membranes, normalized whole body force, and increased force production and resistance to repeated contractions of the triceps muscle above normal values. Tamoxifen improved the structure of leg muscles and diminished cardiac fibrosis by~ 50%. Tamoxifen also reduced fibrosis in the diaphragm, while increasing its thickness,myofiber count, and myofiber diameter, thereby augmenting by 72% the amount of contractile tissue available for respiratory function. Tamoxifen conferred a markedly slower phenotype to the muscles.Tamoxifen and its metabolites were present in nanomolar concentrations in plasma and muscles,suggesting signaling through high-affinity targets. Interestingly, the estrogen receptors ERa and ERb were several times more abundant in dystrophic than in normal muscles, and tamoxifen normalized the relative abundance of ERb isoforms. Our findings suggest that tamoxifen might be a useful therapy for DMD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Biomechanical Phenomena/drug effects
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Creatine Kinase/blood
- Diaphragm/pathology
- Diaphragm/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Feeding Behavior/drug effects
- Fibrosis
- Mice
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/blood
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/physiopathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/blood
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/physiopathology
- Myocardium/pathology
- Organ Size/drug effects
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Tamoxifen/blood
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
- Tamoxifen/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier M Dorchies
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Mähler A, Mandel S, Lorenz M, Ruegg U, Wanker EE, Boschmann M, Paul F. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate: a useful, effective and safe clinical approach for targeted prevention and individualised treatment of neurological diseases? EPMA J 2013; 4:5. [PMID: 23418936 PMCID: PMC3585739 DOI: 10.1186/1878-5085-4-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders show an increasing prevalence in a number of highly developed countries. Often, these diseases require life-long treatment mostly with drugs which are costly and mostly accompanied by more or less serious side-effects. Their heterogeneous manifestation, severity and outcome pose the need for individualised treatment options. There is an intensive search for new strategies not only for treating but also for preventing these diseases. Green tea and green tea extracts seem to be such a promising and safe alternative. However, data regarding the beneficial effects and possible underlying mechanism, specifically in clinical trials, are rare and rather controversial or non-conclusive. This review outlines the existing evidence from preclinical studies (cell and tissue cultures and animal models) and clinical trials regarding preventive and therapeutic effects of epigallcatechin-3-gallate in neurodegenerative diseases and considers antioxidative vs. pro-oxidative properties of the tea catechin important for dosage recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Mähler
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité University Medicine Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, D-13125, Germany.
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Terrill JR, Radley-Crabb HG, Iwasaki T, Lemckert FA, Arthur PG, Grounds MD. Oxidative stress and pathology in muscular dystrophies: focus on protein thiol oxidation and dysferlinopathies. FEBS J 2013; 280:4149-64. [PMID: 23332128 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The muscular dystrophies comprise more than 30 clinical disorders that are characterized by progressive skeletal muscle wasting and degeneration. Although the genetic basis for many of these disorders has been identified, the exact mechanism for pathogenesis generally remains unknown. It is considered that disturbed levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the pathology of many muscular dystrophies. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress may cause cellular damage by directly and irreversibly damaging macromolecules such as proteins, membrane lipids and DNA; another major cellular consequence of reactive oxygen species is the reversible modification of protein thiol side chains that may affect many aspects of molecular function. Irreversible oxidative damage of protein and lipids has been widely studied in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and we have recently identified increased protein thiol oxidation in dystrophic muscles of the mdx mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This review evaluates the role of elevated oxidative stress in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and other forms of muscular dystrophies, and presents new data that show significantly increased protein thiol oxidation and high levels of lipofuscin (a measure of cumulative oxidative damage) in dysferlin-deficient muscles of A/J mice at various ages. The significance of this elevated oxidative stress and high levels of reversible thiol oxidation, but minimal myofibre necrosis, is discussed in the context of the disease mechanism for dysferlinopathies, and compared with the situation for dystrophin-deficient mdx mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Terrill
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Contribution of oxidative stress to pathology in diaphragm and limb muscles with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2012; 34:1-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s10974-012-9330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Malik V, Rodino-Klapac LR, Mendell JR. Emerging drugs for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2012; 17:261-77. [PMID: 22632414 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2012.691965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common, severe childhood form of muscular dystrophy. Treatment is limited to glucocorticoids that have the benefit of prolonging ambulation by approximately 2 years and preventing scoliosis. Finding a more satisfactory treatment should focus on maintaining long-term efficacy with a minimal side effect profile. AREAS COVERED Authors discuss different therapeutic strategies that have been used in pre-clinical and clinical settings. EXPERT OPINION Multiple treatment approaches have emerged. Most attractive are molecular-based therapies that can express the missing dystrophin protein (exon skipping or mutation suppression) or a surrogate gene product (utrophin). Other approaches include increasing the strength of muscles (myostatin inhibitors), reducing muscle fibrosis and decreasing oxidative stress. Additional targets include inhibiting NF-κB to reduce inflammation or promoting skeletal muscle blood flow and muscle contractility using phosphodiesterase inhibitors or nitric oxide (NO) donors. The potential for each of these treatment strategies to enter clinical trials is a central theme of discussion. The review emphasizes that the goal of treatment should be to find a product at least as good as glucocorticoids with a lower side effect profile or with a significant glucocorticoid sparing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Malik
- The Ohio State University, Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital and, Department of Pediatrics, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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Renno WM, Al-Maghrebi M, Al-Banaw A. (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) attenuates functional deficits and morphological alterations by diminishing apoptotic gene overexpression in skeletal muscles after sciatic nerve crush injury. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385:807-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0758-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kim JH, Lawler JM. Amplification of proinflammatory phenotype, damage, and weakness by oxidative stress in the diaphragm muscle of mdx mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1597-606. [PMID: 22330042 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a common and devastating type of childhood-onset muscular dystrophy, attributed to an X-linked defect in the gene that encodes dystrophin. Myopathy with DMD is most pronounced in the diaphragm muscle and fast-twitch limb muscles and is dependent upon susceptibility to damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and proinflammatory signaling (nuclear factor-κB; NF-κB). Although recent papers have reawakened the notion that oxidative stress links inflammatory signaling with pathology in DMD in limb muscle, the importance of redox mechanisms had been clouded by inconsistent results from indirect scavenger approaches, including in the diaphragm muscle. Therefore, we used a novel catalytic mimetic of superoxide dismutase and catalase (EUK-134) as a direct scavenger of oxidative stress in myopathy in the diaphragm of the mdx mouse model. EUK-134 reduced 4-hydroxynonenal and total hydroperoxides, markers of oxidative stress in the mdx diaphragm. EUK-134 also attenuated positive staining of macrophages and T-cells as well as activation of NF-κB and p65 protein abundance. Moreover, EUK-134 ameliorated markers of muscle damage including internalized nuclei, variability of cross-sectional area, and type IIc fibers. Finally, impairment of contractile force was partially rescued by EUK-134 in the diaphragm of mdx mice. We conclude that oxidative stress amplifies DMD pathology in the diaphragm muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hee Kim
- Redox Biology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4243, USA
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Nakae Y, Dorchies OM, Stoward PJ, Zimmermann BF, Ritter C, Ruegg UT. Quantitative evaluation of the beneficial effects in the mdx mouse of epigallocatechin gallate, an antioxidant polyphenol from green tea. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 137:811-27. [PMID: 22331205 PMCID: PMC3353109 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-0926-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In two separate previous studies, we reported that subcutaneous (sc) or oral administration of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) limited the development of muscle degeneration of mdx mice, a mild phenotype model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, it was not possible to conclude which was the more efficient route of EGCG administration because different strains of mdx mice, periods of treatment and methods of assessment were used. In this study, we investigated which administration routes and dosages of EGCG are the most effective for limiting the onset of dystrophic lesions in the same strain of mdx mice and applying the same methods of assessment. Three-week-old mdx mice were injected sc for 5 weeks with either saline or a daily average of 3 or 6 mg/kg EGCG. For comparison, age-matched mdx mice were fed for 5 weeks with either a diet containing 0.1% EGCG or a control diet. The effects of EGCG were assessed quantitatively by determining the activities of serum muscle-derived creatine kinase, isometric contractions of triceps surae muscles, integrated spontaneous locomotor activities, and oxidative stress and fibrosis in selected muscles. Oral administration of 180 mg/kg/day EGCG in the diet was found the most effective for significantly improving several parameters associated with muscular dystrophy. However, the improvements were slightly less than those observed previously for sc injection started immediately after birth. The efficacy of EGCG for limiting the development of dystrophic muscle lesions in mice suggests that EGCG may be of benefit for DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Nakae
- Pharmacology, Geneva-Lausanne School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Tang J, Tang S, Haldi M, Seng WL. Zebrafish Assays for Identifying Potential Muscular Dystrophy Drug Candidates. Zebrafish 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118102138.ch18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Tohma H, Hepworth AR, Shavlakadze T, Grounds MD, Arthur PG. Quantification of ceroid and lipofuscin in skeletal muscle. J Histochem Cytochem 2011; 59:769-79. [PMID: 21804079 DOI: 10.1369/0022155411412185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceroid and lipofuscin are autofluorescent granules thought to be generated as a consequence of chronic oxidative stress. Because ceroid and lipofuscin are persistent in tissue, their measurement can provide a lifetime history of exposure to chronic oxidative stress. Although ceroid and lipofuscin can be measured by quantification of autofluorescent granules, current methods rely on subjective assessment. Furthermore, there has not been any evaluation of variables affecting quantitative measurements. The article describes a simple statistical approach that can be readily applied to quantitate ceroid and lipofuscin. Furthermore, it is shown that several factors, including magnification tissue thickness and tissue level, can affect precision and sensitivity. After optimizing for these factors, the authors show that ceroid and lipofuscin can be measured reproducibly in the skeletal muscle of dystrophic mice (ceroid) and aged mice (lipofuscin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Tohma
- School of Biomedical, Biomolecular & Chemical Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
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Hibaoui Y, Reutenauer-Patte J, Patthey-Vuadens O, Ruegg UT, Dorchies OM. Melatonin improves muscle function of the dystrophic mdx5Cv mouse, a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Pineal Res 2011; 51:163-71. [PMID: 21486366 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked muscle-wasting disease caused by the absence of the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. In addition to abnormal calcium handling, numerous studies point to a crucial role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the disease. Considering the impressive results provided by antioxidants on dystrophic muscle structure and function, we investigated whether melatonin can protect the mdx(5Cv) mouse, an animal model for DMD. Male mdx(5Cv) mouse pups were treated with melatonin by daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection (30 mg/kg body weight) or by subcutaneous (s.c.) implant(s) (18 or 54 mg melatonin as Melovine® implants) from 17/18 to 28/29 days of age. Isometric force of the triceps surae was recorded at the end of the treatment. The i.p. treatment increased the phasic twitch tension of mdx(5Cv) mice. The maximal tetanic tension was ameliorated by 18 mg s.c. and 30 mg/kg i.p. treatments. Melatonin caused the dystrophic muscle to contract and relax faster. The force-frequency relationship of melatonin-treated dystrophic mice was shifted to the right. In accordance with improved muscle function, melatonin decreased plasma creatine kinase activity, a marker for muscle injury. Melatonin treatment increased total glutathione content and lowered the oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio, indicating a better redox status of the muscle. In light of the present investigation, the therapeutic potential of melatonin should be further considered for patients with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Hibaoui
- Pharmacology, Geneva-Lausanne School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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35
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Zimmermann BF, Gleichenhagen M. The effect of ascorbic acid, citric acid and low pH on the extraction of green tea: How to get most out of it. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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Krueger C, Hoffmann FM. Identification of retinoic acid in a high content screen for agents that overcome the anti-myogenic effect of TGF-beta-1. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15511. [PMID: 21152098 PMCID: PMC2994897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is an inhibitor of muscle cell differentiation that is associated with fibrosis, poor regeneration and poor function in some diseases of muscle. When neutralizing antibodies to TGF-β1 or the angiotensin II inhibitor losartan were used to reduce TGF-β1 signaling, muscle morphology and function were restored in mouse models of Marfan Syndrome and muscular dystrophy. The goal of our studies was to identify additional agents that overcome the anti-myogenic effect of TGF-β1. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A high-content cell-based assay was developed in a 96-well plate format that detects the expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) in C2C12 cells. The assay was used to quantify the dose-dependent responses of C2C12 cell differentiation to TGF-β1 and to the TGF-β1 Type 1 receptor kinase inhibitor, SB431542. Thirteen agents previously described as promoting C2C12 differentiation in the absence of TGF-β1 were screened in the presence of TGF-β1. Only all-trans retinoic acid and 9-cis retinoic acid allowed a maximal level of C2C12 cell differentiation in the presence of TGF-β1; the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril and 10 nM estrogen provided partial rescue. Vitamin D was a potent inhibitor of retinoic acid-induced myogenesis in the presence of TGF-β1. TGF-β1 inhibits myoblast differentiation through activation of Smad3; however, retinoic acid did not inhibit TGF-β1-induced activation of a Smad3-dependent reporter gene in C2C12 cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Retinoic acid alleviated the anti-myogenic effect of TGF-β1 by a Smad3-independent mechanism. With regard to the goal of improving muscle regeneration and function in individuals with muscle disease, the identification of retinoic acid is intriguing in that some retinoids are already approved for human therapy. However, retinoids also have well-described adverse effects. The quantitative, high-content assay will be useful to screen for less-toxic retinoids or combinations of agents that promote myoblast differentiation in the presence of TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chateen Krueger
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Oncology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - F. Michael Hoffmann
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Oncology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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37
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Feng W, Cherednichenko G, Ward CW, Padilla IT, Cabrales E, Lopez JR, Eltit JM, Allen PD, Pessah IN. Green tea catechins are potent sensitizers of ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1). Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:512-21. [PMID: 20471964 PMCID: PMC2907350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Catechins, polyphenols extracted from green tea leaves, have a broad range of biological activities although the specific molecular mechanisms responsible are not known. At the high experimental concentrations typically used polyphenols bind to membrane phospholipid and also are easily auto-oxidized to generate superoxide anion and semiquinones, and can adduct to protein thiols. We report that the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1) is a molecular target that responds to nanomolar (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG). Single channel analyses demonstrate EGCG (5-10nM) increases channel open probability (Po) twofold, by lengthening open dwell time. The degree of channel activation is concentration-dependent and is rapidly and fully reversible. Four related catechins, EGCG, ECG, EGC ((-)-epigallocatechin) and EC ((-)-epicatechin) showed a rank order of activity toward RyR1 (EGCG>ECG>>EGC>>>EC). EGCG and ECG enhance the sensitivity of RyR1 to activation by < or =100microM cytoplasmic Ca(2+) without altering inhibitory potency by >100microM Ca(2+). EGCG as high as 10microM in the extracellular medium potentiated Ca(2+) transient amplitudes evoked by electrical stimuli applied to intact myotubes and adult FDB fibers, without eliciting spontaneous Ca(2+) release or slowing Ca(2+) transient recovery. The results identify RyR1 as a sensitive target for the major tea catechins EGCG and ECG, and this interaction is likely to contribute to their observed biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, 95616, United States of America.
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38
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Qureshi MM, McClure WC, Arevalo NL, Rabon RE, Mohr B, Bose SK, McCord JM, Tseng BS. The Dietary Supplement Protandim Decreases Plasma Osteopontin and Improves Markers of Oxidative Stress in Muscular Dystrophy Mdx Mice. J Diet Suppl 2010; 7:159-178. [PMID: 20740052 DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2010.482041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic options for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common and lethal neuromuscular disorder in children, remain elusive. Oxidative damage is implicated as a pertinent factor involved in its pathogenesis. Protandim((R)) is an over-the-counter supplement with the ability to induce antioxidant enzymes. In this study we investigated whether Protandim((R)) provided benefit using surrogate markers and functional measures in the dystrophin-deficient (mdx)mouse model of DMD. Male 3-week-old mdx mice were randomized into two treatment groups: control (receiving standard rodent chow) and Protandim((R))-supplemented standard rodent chow. The diets were continued for 6-week and 6-month studies. The endpoints included the oxidative stress marker thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), plasma osteopontin (OPN), plasma paraoxonase (PON1) activity, H&E histology, gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of leg muscle and motor functional measurements. The Protandim((R)) chow diet in mdx mice for 6 months was safe and well tolerated. After 6 months of Protandim((R)), a 48% average decrease in plasma TBARS was seen; 0.92 nmol/mg protein in controls versus 0.48 nmol/mg protein in the Protandim((R)) group (p = .006). At 6 months, plasma OPN was decreased by 57% (p = .001) in the Protandim((R))-treated mice. Protandim((R)) increased the plasma antioxidant enzyme PON1 activity by 35% (p = .018). After 6 months, the mdx mice with Protandim((R)) showed 38% less MRI signal abnormality (p = .07) than mice on control diet. In this 6-month mdx mouse study, Protandim((R)) did not significantly alter motor function nor histological criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Muddasir Qureshi
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX. Earlier, he was associated with Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Evans NP, Misyak SA, Robertson JL, Bassaganya-Riera J, Grange RW. Immune-mediated mechanisms potentially regulate the disease time-course of duchenne muscular dystrophy and provide targets for therapeutic intervention. PM R 2009; 1:755-68. [PMID: 19695529 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a lethal muscle-wasting disease that affects boys. Mutations in the dystrophin gene result in the absence of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) from muscle plasma membranes. In healthy muscle fibers, the DGC forms a link between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton to protect against contraction-induced membrane lesions and to regulate cell signaling. The absence of the DGC results in aberrant regulation of inflammatory signaling cascades. Inflammation is a key pathological characteristic of dystrophic muscle lesion formation. However, the role and regulation of this process in the disease time-course has not been sufficiently examined. The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB has been shown to contribute to the disease process and is likely involved with increased inflammatory gene expression, including cytokines and chemokines, found in dystrophic muscle. These aberrant signaling processes may regulate the early time-course of inflammatory events that contribute to the onset of disease. This review critically evaluates the possibility that dystrophic muscle lesions in both patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and mdx mice are the result of immune-mediated mechanisms that are regulated by inflammatory signaling and also highlights new therapeutic directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Evans
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0002, USA.
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40
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Evans NP, Call JA, Bassaganya-Riera J, Robertson JL, Grange RW. Green tea extract decreases muscle pathology and NF-kappaB immunostaining in regenerating muscle fibers of mdx mice. Clin Nutr 2009; 29:391-8. [PMID: 19897286 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 08/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a debilitating genetic disorder characterized by severe muscle wasting and early death in afflicted boys. The primary cause of this disease is mutations in the dystrophin gene resulting in massive muscle degeneration and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine if dystrophic muscle pathology and inflammation were decreased by pre-natal and early dietary intervention with green tea extract. METHODS Mdx breeder mice and pups were fed diets containing 0.25% or 0.5% green tea extract and compared to untreated mdx and C57BL/6J mice. Serum creatine kinase was assessed as a systemic indicator of muscle damage. Quantitative histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques were used to determine muscle pathology, macrophage infiltration, and NF-kappaB localization. RESULTS Early treatment of mdx mice with green tea extract significantly decreased serum creatine kinase by approximately 85% at age 42 days (P< or =0.05). In these mice, the area of normal fiber morphology was increased by as much as approximately 32% (P< or =0.05). The primary histopathological change was a approximately 21% decrease in the area of regenerating fibers (P< or =0.05). NF-kappaB staining in regenerating muscle fibers was also significantly decreased in green tea extract-treated mdx mice when compared to untreated mdx mice (P< or =0.05). CONCLUSION Early treatment with green tea extract decreases dystrophic muscle pathology potentially by regulating NF-kappaB activity in regenerating muscle fibers.
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MESH Headings
- Aging
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers/blood
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/blood
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/prevention & control
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Necrosis/pathology
- Necrosis/prevention & control
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Pregnancy
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
- Random Allocation
- Regeneration/drug effects
- Tea/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Evans
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 338 Wallace Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Baudy AR, Saxena N, Gordish H, Hoffman EP, Nagaraju K. A robust in vitro screening assay to identify NF-kappaB inhibitors for inflammatory muscle diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:1209-14. [PMID: 19596085 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Specific therapies are not available for inflammatory muscle diseases. We and others have shown that the pro-inflammatory NF-kappaB pathway is highly activated in these conditions. Since NF-kappaB is an important therapeutic target, we decided to utilize an in vitro screening assay to identify potential inhibitors that block TNF-alpha induced NF-kappaB activation in a C2C12 muscle line stably expressing an NF-kappaB luciferase reporter gene. Upon evaluation of multiple anti-inflammatory agents in undifferentiated myoblasts as well as differentiated myotubes , we found different levels of inhibition depending on the state of differentiation. Interestingly, we found that some drugs that are known to inhibit NF-kappaB in immune cells were not effective in muscle cells. Drug toxicity was assessed for using an MTT cell viability assay, and the validity of the luciferase assay was verified by immunostaining for NF-kappaB nuclear translocation in myoblasts. In conclusion, we have determined the optimal assay conditions for detecting potentially valuable NF-kappaB inhibitors for the first time in a muscle cell line that may have significant therapeutic potential for inflammatory muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas R Baudy
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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42
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Hemdan DII, Hirasaka K, Nakao R, Kohno S, Kagawa S, Abe T, Harada-Sukeno A, Okumura Y, Nakaya Y, Terao J, Nikawa T. Polyphenols prevent clinorotation-induced expression of atrogenes in mouse C2C12 skeletal myotubes. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2009; 56:26-32. [PMID: 19262011 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.56.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key factor in stimulating the expression of atrogenes, which are muscle atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases, in skeletal muscle, and it induces muscle atrophy during unloading. However, the effects of antioxidative nutrients on atrogene expression have not been demonstrated. We report on the inhibitory effects of polyphenols, such as epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECg) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) and quercetin, on atrogene expression up-regulated by three dimensional (3D)-clinorotation or glucocorticoid. These treatments markedly elevated the expression of atrogenes, including atrogin-1 and MuRF-1, in mouse C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes. Interestingly, EC, ECg, EGCg and quercetin significantly decreased the expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 up-regulated by 3D-clinorotation, whereas they hardly affected atrogene expression induced by dexamethasone. ERK signaling is a well known MAPK pathway to mediate oxidative stress. Therefore, we also investigated the effect of these polyphenols on phosphorylation of ERK in C2C12 myotubes. As expected, EC, ECg, EGCg, and quercetin significantly suppressed phosphorylation of ERK, corresponding to the up-regulation of atrogenes induced by 3D-clinorotation. These results suggest that antioxidative nutrients, such as catechins and quercetin, suppress atrogene expression in skeletal muscle cells, possibly through the inhibition of ERK signaling. Thus, catechins and quercetin may prevent unloading-mediated muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Ismaeil Ibrahim Hemdan
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, the University of Tokushima Graduate School, Japan
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Dorchies OM, Wagner S, Buetler TM, Ruegg UT. Protection of dystrophic muscle cells with polyphenols from green tea correlates with improved glutathione balance and increased expression of 67LR, a receptor for (-)-epigallocatechin gallate. Biofactors 2009; 35:279-94. [PMID: 19322813 DOI: 10.1002/biof.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal muscle wasting disease caused by the absence of the protein dystrophin. Because oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of DMD, we investigated if a green tea polyphenol blend (GTP) and its major polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), could protect muscle cell primary cultures from oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in the widely used mdx mouse model. On-line fluorimetric measurements using an H(2)O(2)-sensitive probe indicated that GTP and EGCg scavenged peroxide in a concentration-dependent manner. A 48 h exposure to EGCg increased glutathione content but did not alter the expression of proteins involved in membrane stabilization and repair. Pretreatment of dystrophic cultures with GTP or EGCg 48 h before exposure to H(2)O(2) improved cell survival. Normal cultures were protected by GTP but not by EGCg. 67LR, a receptor for EGCg, was seven times more abundant in dystrophic compared with normal cultures. Altogether our results demonstrate that GTP and EGCg protect muscle cells by scavenging H(2)O(2) and by improving the glutathione balance. In addition, the higher levels of 67LR in dystrophic muscle cells compared with normal ones likely contribute to EGCg-mediated survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier M Dorchies
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Geneva-Lausanne School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Xu H, Lui WT, Chu CY, Ng PS, Wang CC, Rogers MS. Anti-angiogenic effects of green tea catechin on an experimental endometriosis mouse model. Hum Reprod 2008; 24:608-18. [PMID: 19088106 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of new blood vessels plays an essential role in growth and survival of endometriosis. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from green tea has powerful anti-angiogenic properties and our aim was to evaluate these properties in experimental endometriosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Eutopic endometrium from endometriosis patients was transplanted s.c. to severely compromised immunodeficient mice, randomly treated i.p. with EGCG (anti-angiogenic and -oxidant), Vitamin E (a non-angiogenic antioxidant) or saline for 2 weeks. The endometrial implant, including adjacent host outer skin and subcutaneous layers plus inner abdominal muscle and peritoneum, was collected. New microvessels were determined by species-specific immunohistochemistry. Angiogenic factors in lesions and abdominal muscle were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Apoptosis was studied by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling and quantitative real-time PCR. In saline control, endometrial implants developed new blood vessels with proliferating glandular epithelium and were tightly adhered to host subcutaneous and abdominal muscle layers. After EGCG, endometriotic lesions were smaller than control (P < 0.05), and glandular epithelium was smaller and eccentrically distributed. Angiogenesis in lesions from the implant and adjacent tissues was under-developed, and microvessel size and density were lower (both P < 0.01) than control. mRNA for angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor A, but not hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit, was significantly down-regulated in lesions after EGCG (P < 0.05). In addition, apoptosis in the lesions was more obvious, and nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen activated protein kinase 1 mRNA levels were up-regulated (P < 0.05) after EGCG treatment. No differences were observed with Vitamin E treatment. CONCLUSIONS EGCG significantly inhibits the development of experimental endometriosis through anti-angiogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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State-of-the-art technologies, current opinions and developments, and novel findings: news from the field of histochemistry and cell biology. Histochem Cell Biol 2008; 130:1205-51. [PMID: 18985372 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-008-0535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Investigations of cell and tissue structure and function using innovative methods and approaches have again yielded numerous exciting findings in recent months and have added important data to current knowledge, inspiring new ideas and hypotheses in various fields of modern life sciences. Topics and contents of comprehensive expert reviews covering different aspects in methodological advances, cell biology, tissue function and morphology, and novel findings reported in original papers are summarized in the present review.
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Call JA, Voelker KA, Wolff AV, McMillan RP, Evans NP, Hulver MW, Talmadge RJ, Grange RW. Endurance capacity in maturing mdx mice is markedly enhanced by combined voluntary wheel running and green tea extract. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2008; 105:923-32. [PMID: 18583385 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00028.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is characterized by the absence of dystrophin from muscle cells. Dystrophic muscle cells are susceptible to oxidative stress. We tested the hypothesis that 3 wk of endurance exercise starting at age 21 days in young male mdx mice would blunt oxidative stress and improve dystrophic skeletal muscle function, and these effects would be enhanced by the antioxidant green tea extract (GTE). In mice fed normal diet, average daily running distance increased 300% from week 1 to week 3, and total distance over 3 wk was improved by 128% in mice fed GTE. Running, independent of diet, increased serum antioxidant capacity, extensor digitorum longus tetanic stress, and total contractile protein content, heart citrate synthase, and heart and quadriceps beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities. GTE, independent of running, decreased serum creatine kinase and heart and gastrocnemius lipid peroxidation and increased gastrocnemius citrate synthase activity. These data suggest that both endurance exercise and GTE may be beneficial as therapeutic strategies to improve muscle function in mdx mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod A Call
- Department of Human Nutrition, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia.
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