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Montenegro CF, Skiles C, Kuszmaul DJ, Gouw A, Minchev K, Chambers TL, Raue U, Trappe TA, Trappe S. Fast and slow myofiber nuclei, satellite cells, and size distribution with lifelong endurance exercise in men and women. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16052. [PMID: 38987200 PMCID: PMC11236482 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously observed lifelong endurance exercise (LLE) influenced quadriceps whole-muscle and myofiber size in a fiber-type and sex-specific manner. The current follow-up exploratory investigation examined myofiber size regulators and myofiber size distribution in vastus lateralis biopsies from these same LLE men (n = 21, 74 ± 1 years) and women (n = 7, 72 ± 2 years) as well as old, healthy nonexercisers (OH; men: n = 10, 75 ± 1 years; women: n = 10, 75 ± 1 years) and young exercisers (YE; men: n = 10, 25 ± 1 years; women: n = 10, 25 ± 1 years). LLE exercised ~5 days/week, ~7 h/week for the previous 52 ± 1 years. Slow (myosin heavy chain (MHC) I) and fast (MHC IIa) myofiber nuclei/fiber, myonuclear domain, satellite cells/fiber, and satellite cell density were not influenced (p > 0.05) by LLE in men and women. The aging groups had ~50%-60% higher proportion of large (>7000 μm2) and small (<3000 μm2) myofibers (OH; men: 44%, women: 48%, LLE; men: 42%, women: 42%, YE; men: 27%, women: 29%). LLE men had triple the proportion of large slow fibers (LLE: 21%, YE: 7%, OH: 7%), while LLE women had more small slow fibers (LLE: 15%, YE: 8%, OH: 9%). LLE reduced by ~50% the proportion of small fast (MHC II containing) fibers in the aging men (OH: 14%, LLE: 7%) and women (OH: 35%, LLE: 18%). These data, coupled with previous findings, suggest that myonuclei and satellite cell content are uninfluenced by lifelong endurance exercise in men ~60-90 years, and this now also extends to septuagenarian lifelong endurance exercise women. Additionally, lifelong endurance exercise appears to influence the relative abundance of small and large myofibers (fast and slow) differently between men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chad Skiles
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Dillon J Kuszmaul
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Aaron Gouw
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Kiril Minchev
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Toby L Chambers
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Ulrika Raue
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Todd A Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Scott Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
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Deschrevel J, Maes K, Andries A, Beukelaer ND, Corvelyn M, Costamagna D, Campenhout AV, Wachter ED, Desloovere K, Agten A, Vandenabeele F, Nijs S, Gayan-Ramirez G. Fine-needle percutaneous muscle microbiopsy technique as a feasible tool to address histological analysis in young children with cerebral palsy and age-matched typically developing children. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294395. [PMID: 37992082 PMCID: PMC10664906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a heterogeneous group of motor disorders attributed to a non-progressive lesion in the developing brain. Knowledge on skeletal muscle properties is important to understand the impact of CP and treatment but data at the microscopic levels are limited and inconsistent. Currently, muscle biopsies are collected during surgery and are restricted to CP eligible for such treatment or they may refer to another muscle or older children in typically developing (TD) biopsies. A minimally invasive technique to collect (repeated) muscle biopsies in young CP and TD children is needed to provide insights into the early muscle microscopic alterations and their evolution in CP. This paper describes the protocol used to 1) collect microbiopsies of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and semitendinosus (ST) in CP children and age-matched TD children, 2) handle the biopsies for histology, 3) stain the biopsies to address muscle structure (Hematoxylin & Eosin), fiber size and proportion (myosin heavy chain), counting of the satellite cells (Pax7) and capillaries (CD31). Technique feasibility and safety as well as staining feasibility and measure accuracy were evaluated. Two microbiopsies per muscle were collected in 56 CP (5.8±1.1 yr) and 32 TD (6±1.1 yr) children using ultrasound-guided percutaneous microbiopsy technique. The biopsy procedure was safe (absence of complications) and well tolerated (Score pain using Wong-Baker faces). Cross-sectionally orientated fibers were found in 86% (CP) and 92% (TD) of the biopsies with 60% (CP) and 85% (TD) containing more than 150 fibers. Fiber staining was successful in all MG biopsies but failed in 30% (CP) and 16% (TD) of the ST biopsies. Satellite cell staining was successful in 89% (CP) and 85% (TD) for MG and in 70% (CP) and 90% (TD) for ST biopsies, while capillary staining was successful in 88% (CP) and 100% (TD) of the MG and in 86% (CP) and 90% (TD) for the ST biopsies. Intraclass coefficient correlation showed reliable and reproducible measures of all outcomes. This study shows that the percutaneous microbiopsy technique is a safe and feasible tool to collect (repeated) muscle biopsies in young CP and TD children for histological analysis and it provides sufficient muscle tissue of good quality for reliable quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorieke Deschrevel
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Maes
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anke Andries
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie De Beukelaer
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marlies Corvelyn
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Domiziana Costamagna
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anja Van Campenhout
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva De Wachter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaat Desloovere
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anouk Agten
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Frank Vandenabeele
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Nijs
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Lloyd EM, Pinniger GJ, Murphy RM, Grounds MD. Slow or fast: Implications of myofibre type and associated differences for manifestation of neuromuscular disorders. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e14012. [PMID: 37306196 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many neuromuscular disorders can have a differential impact on a specific myofibre type, forming the central premise of this review. The many different skeletal muscles in mammals contain a spectrum of slow- to fast-twitch myofibres with varying levels of protein isoforms that determine their distinctive contractile, metabolic, and other properties. The variations in functional properties across the range of classic 'slow' to 'fast' myofibres are outlined, combined with exemplars of the predominantly slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscles, species comparisons, and techniques used to study these properties. Other intrinsic and extrinsic differences are discussed in the context of slow and fast myofibres. These include inherent susceptibility to damage, myonecrosis, and regeneration, plus extrinsic nerves, extracellular matrix, and vasculature, examined in the context of growth, ageing, metabolic syndrome, and sexual dimorphism. These many differences emphasise the importance of carefully considering the influence of myofibre-type composition on manifestation of various neuromuscular disorders across the lifespan for both sexes. Equally, understanding the different responses of slow and fast myofibres due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors can provide deep insight into the precise molecular mechanisms that initiate and exacerbate various neuromuscular disorders. This focus on the influence of different myofibre types is of fundamental importance to enhance translation for clinical management and therapies for many skeletal muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Lloyd
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gavin J Pinniger
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robyn M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miranda D Grounds
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Skoglund E, Stål P, Lundberg TR, Gustafsson T, Tesch PA, Thornell LE. Skeletal muscle morphology, satellite cells, and oxidative profile in relation to physical function and lifelong endurance training in very old men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:264-275. [PMID: 36548511 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00343.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we compared muscle morphology in three advanced aging cohorts that differed in physical function, including a unique cohort of lifelong endurance athletes. Biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle of seven lifelong endurance athletes (EAs) aged 82-92 yr, and 19 subjects from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) aged 87-91 yr were analyzed. ULSAM subjects were divided into high- (n = 9, HF) and low- (n = 10, LF) function groups based on strength and physical function tests. The analysis included general morphology, fiber type and cross-sectional area, capillarization, deficient cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity, number of myonuclei and satellite cells, and markers of regeneration and denervation. Fibers with central nuclei and/or nuclear clumps were observed in all groups. EA differed from LF and HF by having a higher proportion of type I fibers, 52% more capillaries in relation to fiber area, fewer COX-negative fibers, and less variation in fiber sizes (all P < 0.05). There were no differences between the groups in the number of myonuclei and satellite cells per fiber, and no significant differences between LF and HF (P > 0.05). In conclusion, signs of aging were evident in the muscle morphology of all groups, but neither endurance training status nor physical function influenced signs of regeneration and denervation processes. Lifelong endurance training, but not higher physical function, was associated with higher muscle oxidative capacity, even beyond the age of 80.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here we show that lifelong endurance training, but not physical function, is associated with higher muscle oxidative capacity, even beyond the age of 80 yr. Neither endurance training status nor physical function was significantly associated with satellite cells or markers of regeneration and denervation in muscle biopsies from these very old men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Skoglund
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Stål
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tommy R Lundberg
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per A Tesch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars-Eric Thornell
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Hao R, Wang Y, Chen L, Liu Y, Zhang W. Differences in Inferior Oblique Muscle Satellite Cell Populations between Primary and Secondary Inferior Oblique Muscle Overaction. Ophthalmic Res 2022; 66:301-306. [PMID: 36302348 DOI: 10.1159/000527742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to compare the number of paired box 7 (PAX7)-positive, myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD1)-positive, and neural cell adhesion molecule-1 (NCAM)-positive satellite cells in human primary versus secondary inferior oblique muscle overaction (IOOA). METHODS This prospective observational study enrolled patients who underwent inferior oblique muscle myectomy at the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus in Tianjin Eye Hospital between January 2020 and November 2020. The muscle specimens were processed. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to quantify inferior oblique muscle fiber diameter and PAX7-positive, NCAM-positive, and MyoD1-positive satellite cells. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients with inferior oblique overaction were enrolled: 18 with primary IOOA and 20 with secondary IOOA. The participants were significantly younger in the secondary IOOA group than in the primary IOOA group (2.8 ± 1.2 vs. 9.0 ± 3.2 years, p < 0.001). The muscle fiber diameter between the two groups was not significantly different (13.5 ± 1.4 vs. 13.8 ± 0.7 µm, p = 0.530), but PAX7+ (3.3 ± 2.8 vs. 1.8 ± 0.6, p < 0.001), NCAM+ (3.6 ± 1.5 vs. 1.7 ± 0.2, p < 0.001), and MyoD1+ (4.8 ± 1.9 vs. 2.7 ± 0.5, p < 0.001) cell counts were higher in primary IOOA than in secondary IOOA. CONCLUSIONS PAX7pos, MyoD-1pos, and NCAMpos cell counts per laminar nucleus were almost 2-fold higher in the primary IOOA group than in the secondary IOOA group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hao
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuchuan Wang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Mikšiūnas R, Labeit S, Bironaitė D. The Effect of Heat Shock on Myogenic Differentiation of Human Skeletal-Muscle-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Cells 2022; 11:3209. [PMID: 36291076 PMCID: PMC9600296 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle injuries, degenerative diseases and other lesions negatively affect functioning of human skeletomuscular system and thus quality of life. Therefore, the investigation of molecular mechanisms, stimulating myogenic differentiation of primary skeletal-muscle-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (SM-MSCs), is actual and needed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the myogenic differentiation of CD56 (neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM)-positive and -negative SM-MSCs and their response to the non-cytotoxic heat stimulus. The SM-MSCs were isolated from the post operation muscle tissue, sorted by flow cytometer according to the CD56 biomarker and morphology, surface profile, proliferation and myogenic differentiation has been investigated. Data show that CD56(+) cells were smaller in size, better proliferated and had significantly higher levels of CD146 (MCAM) and CD318 (CDCP1) compared with the CD56(-) cells. At control level, CD56(+) cells significantly more expressed myogenic differentiation markers MYOD1 and myogenin (MYOG) and better differentiated to the myogenic direction. The non-cytotoxic heat stimulus significantly stronger stimulated expression of myogenic markers in CD56(+) than in CD56(-) cells that correlated with the multinucleated cell formation. Data show that regenerative properties of CD56(+) SM-MSCs can be stimulated by an extracellular stimulus and be used as a promising skeletal muscle regenerating tool in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokas Mikšiūnas
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, LT-08460 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Siegfried Labeit
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68169 Mannheim, Germany
- Myomedix GmbH, 69151 Neckargemünd, Germany
| | - Daiva Bironaitė
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariskiu 5, LT-08460 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Hillege MMG, Shi A, Galli RA, Wu G, Bertolino P, Hoogaars WMH, Jaspers RT. Lack of Tgfbr1 and Acvr1b synergistically stimulates myofibre hypertrophy and accelerates muscle regeneration. eLife 2022; 11:77610. [PMID: 35323108 PMCID: PMC9005187 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family growth factors, TGF-β1 and myostatin, are involved in atrophy and muscle wasting disorders. Simultaneous interference with their signalling pathways may improve muscle function; however, little is known about their individual and combined receptor signalling. Here, we show that inhibition of TGF-β signalling by simultaneous muscle-specific knockout of TGF-β type I receptors Tgfbr1 and Acvr1b in mice, induces substantial hypertrophy, while such effect does not occur by single receptor knockout. Hypertrophy is induced by increased phosphorylation of Akt and p70S6K and reduced E3 ligases expression, while myonuclear number remains unaltered. Combined knockout of both TGF-β type I receptors increases the number of satellite cells, macrophages and improves regeneration post cardiotoxin-induced injury by stimulating myogenic differentiation. Extra cellular matrix gene expression is exclusively elevated in muscle with combined receptor knockout. Tgfbr1 and Acvr1b are synergistically involved in regulation of myofibre size, regeneration, and collagen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle M G Hillege
- Department of Human Movement, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andi Shi
- Department of Human Movement, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ricardo A Galli
- Department of Human Movement, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Bertolino
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, UMR INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Willem M H Hoogaars
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Siemionow M, Szilagyi E, Cwykiel J, Domaszewska-Szostek A, Heydemann A, Garcia-Martinez J, Siemionow K. Transplantation of Dystrophin Expressing Chimeric Human Cells of Myoblast/Mesenchymal Stem Cell Origin Improves Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Model. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:190-202. [PMID: 33349121 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal X-linked disorder caused by mutations in dystrophin gene. Currently, there is no cure for DMD. Cell therapies are challenged by limited engraftment and rejection. Thus, more effective and safer therapeutic approaches are needed for DMD. We previously reported increased dystrophin expression correlating with improved function after transplantation of dystrophin expressing chimeric (DEC) cells of myoblast origin in the mdx mouse models of DMD. This study established new DEC cell line of myoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) origin and tested its efficacy and therapeutic potential in mdx/scid mouse model of DMD. Fifteen ex vivo cell fusions of allogenic human myoblast [normal myoblasts (MBN)] and normal human bone marrow-derived MSC (MSCN) from normal donors were performed using polyethylene glycol. Flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-short tandem repeats, polymerase chain reaction-reverse sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe assessed chimeric state of fused MBN/MSCN DEC cells, whereas Comet assay assessed fusion procedure safety testing genotoxicity. Immunofluorescence and real-time PCR assessed dystrophin expression and myogenic differentiation. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) evaluated DEC's immunogenicity. To test MBN/MSCN DEC efficacy in vivo, gastrocnemius muscle of mdx/scid mice were injected with vehicle (n = 12), nonfused MBN and MSCN (n = 9, 0.25 × 106/each) or MBN/MSCN DEC (n = 9, 0.5 × 106). Animals were evaluated for 90 days using ex vivo and in vivo muscle strength tests. Histology and immunofluorescence staining assessed dystrophin expression, centrally nucleated fibers and scar tissue formation. Post-fusion, MBN/MSCN DEC chimeric state, myogenic differentiation, and dystrophin expression were confirmed. MLR reveled reduced DEC's immune response compared with controls (P < 0.05). At 90 days post-DEC transplant, increase in dystrophin expression (20.26% ± 2.5%, P < 0.05) correlated with improved muscle strength and function in mdx/scid mice. The created human MBN/MSCN DEC cell line introduces novel therapeutic approach combining myogenic and immunomodulatory properties of MB and MSC, and as such may open a universal approach for muscle regeneration in DMD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Fusion
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dystrophin/genetics
- Dystrophin/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Hybrid Cells/cytology
- Hybrid Cells/metabolism
- Hybrid Cells/transplantation
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Mice, SCID
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/physiopathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/therapy
- Myoblasts/cytology
- Myoblasts/metabolism
- Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Siemionow
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Erzsebet Szilagyi
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joanna Cwykiel
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anna Domaszewska-Szostek
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Center Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ahlke Heydemann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jesus Garcia-Martinez
- Department of Clinical Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Krzysztof Siemionow
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Skoglund E, Grönholdt-Klein M, Rullman E, Thornell LE, Strömberg A, Hedman A, Cederholm T, Ulfhake B, Gustafsson T. Longitudinal Muscle and Myocellular Changes in Community-Dwelling Men Over Two Decades of Successful Aging-The ULSAM Cohort Revisited. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:654-663. [PMID: 31002330 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Participants of the population-based Uppsala longitudinal study of adult men (ULSAM) cohort reaching more than 88 years of age (survivors, S) were investigated at age 70, 82, and 88-90 and compared at 70 years with non-survivors (NS) not reaching 82 years. Body composition, muscle mass and muscle histology were remarkably stable over 18 years of advanced aging in S. Analysis of genes involved in muscle remodeling showed that S had higher mRNA levels of myogenic differentiation factors (Myogenin, MyoD), embryonic myosin (eMyHC), enzymes involved in regulated breakdown of myofibrillar proteins (Smad2, Trim32, MuRF1,) and NCAM compared with healthy adult men (n = 8). S also had higher mRNA levels of eMyHC, Smad 2, MuRF1 compared with NS. At 88 years, S expressed decreased levels of Myogenin, MyoD, eMyHC, NCAM and Smad2 towards those seen in NS at 70 years. The gene expression pattern of S at 70 years was likely beneficial since they maintained muscle fiber histology and appendicular lean body mass until advanced age. The expression pattern at 88 years may indicate a diminished muscle remodeling coherent with a decline of reinnervation capacity and/or plasticity at advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Skoglund
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | - Eric Rullman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Strömberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anu Hedman
- Heart Centre East-Tallinn Central Hospital, Estonia
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Brun Ulfhake
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Histopathological features and satellite cell population characteristics in human inferior oblique muscle biopsies: clinicopathological correlation. J AAPOS 2020; 24:285.e1-285.e6. [PMID: 32950611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the correlation between clinical characteristics and histopathological and immunohistochemical features of inferior oblique muscles in patients with primary and secondary inferior oblique overaction. METHODS Inferior oblique muscle specimens of patients who underwent inferior oblique-weakening procedures for primary or secondary inferior oblique overaction were recruited. Subjects were mainly divided into two groups, each of which was further divided into two subgroups: group 1 included patients with primary inferior oblique overaction (subgroups, infantile esotropia vs acquired V-pattern esotropia), and group 2 included patients with secondary inferior oblique overaction (subgroups, congenital vs acquired trochlear nerve palsy). Inferior oblique overaction was graded between 0-4. Histopathologic changes, such as angular fibers, endo- and perimysial fibrosis, and vacuolization were categorized from mild to severe. Immunohistochemical markers Pax7, NCAM, and MyoD1 were used to detect satellite cells, a unique stem cell population in muscles presumably responsible from myofiber regeneration and maintenance, and their activity. Results were reported as stained cells per cross-section ratio. RESULTS A total of 51 patients were included: 36 in group 1 and 15 in group 2. Satellite cell distribution and activity was significantly higher in group 1 (P < 0.001). The angular fiber count and the degree of perimysial fibrosis was higher in the secondary group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.01, resp.). There was no correlation between clinical amount of inferior oblique muscle overaction and immunohistochemical markers. CONCLUSIONS The differences in immunohistochemical parameters supported with histopathological changes between different strabismus etiologies imply that satellite cell population behavior varies among strabismus types.
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11
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Tey SR, Robertson S, Lynch E, Suzuki M. Coding Cell Identity of Human Skeletal Muscle Progenitor Cells Using Cell Surface Markers: Current Status and Remaining Challenges for Characterization and Isolation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:284. [PMID: 31828070 PMCID: PMC6890603 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle progenitor cells (SMPCs), also called myogenic progenitors, have been studied extensively in recent years because of their promising therapeutic potential to preserve and recover skeletal muscle mass and function in patients with cachexia, sarcopenia, and neuromuscular diseases. SMPCs can be utilized to investigate the mechanisms of natural and pathological myogenesis via in vitro modeling and in vivo experimentation. While various types of SMPCs are currently available from several sources, human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer an efficient and cost-effective method to derive SMPCs. As human PSC-derived cells often display varying heterogeneity in cell types, cell enrichment using cell surface markers remains a critical step in current procedures to establish a pure population of SMPCs. Here we summarize the cell surface markers currently being used to detect human SMPCs, describing their potential application for characterizing, identifying and isolating human PSC-derived SMPCs. To date, several positive and negative markers have been used to enrich human SMPCs from differentiated PSCs by cell sorting. A careful analysis of current findings can broaden our understanding and reveal potential uses for these surface markers with SMPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Ruow Tey
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Samantha Robertson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Eileen Lynch
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Masatoshi Suzuki
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,The Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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12
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Isolation and Characterization of Muscle-Derived Stem Cells from Dystrophic Mouse Models. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31667770 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0138-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The study of the population of muscle satellite cells (SC) is important to understand muscle regeneration and its involvement in the different dystrophic processes. We studied two dystrophic mouse models, Largemyd and Lama2dy2j/J, that show an intense and very similar pattern of muscle degeneration, but with differences in the expression of genes involved in the regeneration cascade. They are, therefore, interesting models to study possible differences in the mechanism of activation and action of satellite cells in the dystrophic muscle. The main objectives of this chapter are to describe the isolation and characterization of SC populations, evaluating the presence of myogenic and pluripotent stem cells markers in normal and dystrophic muscles.
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13
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Nederveen JP, Fortino SA, Baker JM, Snijders T, Joanisse S, McGlory C, McKay BR, Kumbhare D, Parise G. Consistent expression pattern of myogenic regulatory factors in whole muscle and isolated human muscle satellite cells after eccentric contractions in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:1419-1426. [PMID: 31513447 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01123.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle satellite cells (SC) play an important role in muscle repair following injury. The regulation of SC activity is governed by myogenic regulatory factors (MRF), including MyoD, Myf5, myogenin, and MRF4. The mRNA expression of these MRF in humans following muscle damage has been predominately measured in whole muscle homogenates. Whether the temporal expression of MRF in a whole muscle homogenate reflects SC-specific expression of MRF remains largely unknown. Sixteen young men (23.1 ± 1.0 yr) performed 300 unilateral eccentric contractions (180°/s) of the knee extensors. Percutaneous muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were taken before (Pre) and 48 h postexercise. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis was utilized to purify NCAM+ muscle SC from the whole muscle homogenate. Forty-eight hours post-eccentric exercise, MyoD, Myf5, and myogenin mRNA expression were increased in the whole muscle homogenate (~1.4-, ~4.0-, ~1.7-fold, respectively, P < 0.05) and in isolated SC (~19.3-, ~17.5-, ~58.9-fold, respectively, P < 0.05). MRF4 mRNA expression was not increased 48 h postexercise in the whole muscle homogenate (P > 0.05) or in isolated SC (P > 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that the directional changes in mRNA expression of the MRF in a whole muscle homogenate in response to acute eccentric exercise reflects that observed in isolated muscle SC.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The myogenic program is controlled via transcription factors referred to as myogenic regulatory factors (MRF). Previous studies have derived MRF expression from whole muscle homogenates, but little work has examined whether the mRNA expression of these transcripts reflects the pattern of expression in the actual population of satellite cells (SC). We report that MRF expression from an enriched SC population reflects the directional pattern of expression from skeletal muscle biopsy samples following eccentric contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Nederveen
- Department of Kinesiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen A Fortino
- Department of Kinesiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeff M Baker
- Department of Kinesiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Snijders
- Department of Kinesiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Joanisse
- Department of Kinesiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris McGlory
- Department of Kinesiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bryon R McKay
- Department of Kinesiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dinesh Kumbhare
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gianni Parise
- Department of Kinesiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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14
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Tran P, Wanrooij PH, Lorenzon P, Sharma S, Thelander L, Nilsson AK, Olofsson AK, Medini P, von Hofsten J, Stål P, Chabes A. De novo dNTP production is essential for normal postnatal murine heart development. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15889-15897. [PMID: 31300555 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The building blocks of DNA, dNTPs, can be produced de novo or can be salvaged from deoxyribonucleosides. However, to what extent the absence of de novo dNTP production can be compensated for by the salvage pathway is unknown. Here, we eliminated de novo dNTP synthesis in the mouse heart and skeletal muscle by inactivating ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), a key enzyme for the de novo production of dNTPs, at embryonic day 13. All other tissues had normal de novo dNTP synthesis and theoretically could supply heart and skeletal muscle with deoxyribonucleosides needed for dNTP production by salvage. We observed that the dNTP and NTP pools in WT postnatal hearts are unexpectedly asymmetric, with unusually high dGTP and GTP levels compared with those in whole mouse embryos or murine cell cultures. We found that RNR inactivation in heart led to strongly decreased dGTP and increased dCTP, dTTP, and dATP pools; aberrant DNA replication; defective expression of muscle-specific proteins; progressive heart abnormalities; disturbance of the cardiac conduction system; and lethality between the second and fourth weeks after birth. We conclude that dNTP salvage cannot substitute for de novo dNTP synthesis in the heart and that cardiomyocytes and myocytes initiate DNA replication despite an inadequate dNTP supply. We discuss the possible reasons for the observed asymmetry in dNTP and NTP pools in WT hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong Tran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paulina H Wanrooij
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paolo Lorenzon
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sushma Sharma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Thelander
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Karin Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Olofsson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paolo Medini
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonas von Hofsten
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Stål
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andrei Chabes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden .,Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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15
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Shah F, Franklin KA, Holmlund T, Levring Jäghagen E, Berggren D, Forsgren S, Stål P. Desmin and dystrophin abnormalities in upper airway muscles of snorers and patients with sleep apnea. Respir Res 2019; 20:31. [PMID: 30764835 PMCID: PMC6376723 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-0999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of obstruction and swallowing dysfunction in snores and sleep apnea patients remains unclear. Neuropathy and to some extent myopathy have been suggested as contributing causes. Recently we reported an absence and an abnormal isoform of two cytoskeletal proteins, desmin, and dystrophin, in upper airway muscles of healthy humans. These cytoskeletal proteins are considered vital for muscle function. We aimed to investigate for muscle cytoskeletal abnormalities in upper airways and its association with swallowing dysfunction and severity of sleep apnea. METHODS Cytoskeletal proteins desmin and dystrophin were morphologically evaluated in the uvula muscle of 22 patients undergoing soft palate surgery due to snoring and sleep apnea and in 10 healthy controls. The muscles were analysed with immunohistochemical methods, and swallowing function was assessed using videoradiography. RESULTS Desmin displayed a disorganized pattern in 21 ± 13% of the muscle fibres in patients, while these fibers were not present in controls. Muscle fibres lacking desmin were present in both patients and controls, but the proportion was higher in patients (25 ± 12% vs. 14 ± 7%, p = 0.009). The overall desmin abnormalities were significantly more frequent in patients than in controls (46 ± 18% vs. 14 ± 7%, p < 0.001). In patients, the C-terminus of the dystrophin molecule was absent in 19 ± 18% of the desmin-abnormal muscle fibres. Patients with swallowing dysfunction had 55 ± 10% desmin-abnormal muscle fibres vs. 22 ± 6% in patients without swallowing dysfunction, p = 0.002. CONCLUSION Cytoskeletal abnormalities in soft palate muscles most likely contribute to pharyngeal dysfunction in snorers and sleep apnea patients. Plausible causes for the presence of these abnormalities is traumatic snoring vibrations, tissue stretch or muscle overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Shah
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Laboratory of Muscle Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karl A. Franklin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thorbjörn Holmlund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Otolaryngology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva Levring Jäghagen
- Department of Odontology, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Diana Berggren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Otolaryngology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sture Forsgren
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Laboratory of Muscle Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Stål
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Laboratory of Muscle Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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16
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Shah F, Stål P, Li J, Sessle BJ, Avivi-Arber L. Tooth extraction and subsequent dental implant placement in Sprague-Dawley rats induce differential changes in anterior digastric myofibre size and myosin heavy chain isoform expression. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 99:141-149. [PMID: 30684691 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to determine if tooth loss and dental implant placement in rats induce changes in the morphological and histochemical features of the Anterior Digastric muscle. DESIGN Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats had their right maxillary molar teeth extracted. 'Extraction-1' and 'Extraction-2 groups were sacrificed, respectively, 4 or 8 weeks later, and an Implant group had an implant placement 2 weeks after the molar extraction, and rats were sacrificed 3 weeks later (n = 4/group). Naive rats (n = 3) had no treatment. Morphometric and immunohistochemical techniques quantified Anterior Digastric muscle myofibres' cross-sectional area (CSA) and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform proportions. Significant ANOVAs were followed by post-hoc tests; p < 0.05 and 0.1 were considered to reflect levels of statistical significance. RESULTS In naïve rats, the peripheral regions of the Anterior Digastric muscle was dominated by MyHC-IIx/b isoform and there were no MyHC-I isoforms; the central regions dominated by MyHC-IIx/b and MyHC-IIa isoforms. Compared with naive rats, tooth extraction produced, 8 (but not 4) weeks later, a decreased proportion of fast-contracting fatigue-resistant MyHC-IIa isoform (p = 0.08), and increased proportion of fast and intermediate fatigue-resistance MyHC-IIa/x/b isoform (p = 0.03). Dental implant placement following tooth extraction attenuated the extraction effects but produced a decreased proportion of fast-contracting fatiguable MyHC-llx/b isoform (p = 0.03) in the peripheral region, and increased inter-animal variability in myofibre-CSAs. CONCLUSIONS Given the crucial role that the Anterior Digastric muscle plays in many vital oral functions (e.g., chewing, swallowing), these changes may contribute to the changes in oral sensorimotor functions that occur in humans following such treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Shah
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, laboratory of Muscle Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1G6, Canada.
| | - Per Stål
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, laboratory of Muscle Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jian Li
- Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1G6, Canada; Peking University, China.
| | - Barry J Sessle
- Oral Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1G6, Canada.
| | - Limor Avivi-Arber
- Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1G6, Canada.
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17
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Coppolino I, Ruggeri P, Nucera F, Cannavò MF, Adcock I, Girbino G, Caramori G. Role of Stem Cells in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pulmonary Emphysema. COPD 2018; 15:536-556. [DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2018.1536116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Coppolino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Nucera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mario Francesco Cannavò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ian Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Hospital Biomedical Research Unit, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Girbino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
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18
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Shah F, Holmlund T, Levring Jäghagen E, Berggren D, Franklin K, Forsgren S, Stål P. Axon and Schwann Cell Degeneration in Nerves of Upper Airway Relates to Pharyngeal Dysfunction in Snorers and Patients With Sleep Apnea. Chest 2018; 154:1091-1098. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Roberts MD, Haun CT, Mobley CB, Mumford PW, Romero MA, Roberson PA, Vann CG, McCarthy JJ. Physiological Differences Between Low Versus High Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophic Responders to Resistance Exercise Training: Current Perspectives and Future Research Directions. Front Physiol 2018; 9:834. [PMID: 30022953 PMCID: PMC6039846 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous reports suggest there are low and high skeletal muscle hypertrophic responders following weeks to months of structured resistance exercise training (referred to as low and high responders herein). Specifically, divergent alterations in muscle fiber cross sectional area (fCSA), vastus lateralis thickness, and whole body lean tissue mass have been shown to occur in high versus low responders. Differential responses in ribosome biogenesis and subsequent protein synthetic rates during training seemingly explain some of this individual variation in humans, and mechanistic in vitro and rodent studies provide further evidence that ribosome biogenesis is critical for muscle hypertrophy. High responders may experience a greater increase in satellite cell proliferation during training versus low responders. This phenomenon could serve to maintain an adequate myonuclear domain size or assist in extracellular remodeling to support myofiber growth. High responders may also express a muscle microRNA profile during training that enhances insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA expression, although more studies are needed to better validate this mechanism. Higher intramuscular androgen receptor protein content has been reported in high versus low responders following training, and this mechanism may enhance the hypertrophic effects of testosterone during training. While high responders likely possess “good genetics,” such evidence has been confined to single gene candidates which typically share marginal variance with hypertrophic outcomes following training (e.g., different myostatin and IGF-1 alleles). Limited evidence also suggests pre-training muscle fiber type composition and self-reported dietary habits (e.g., calorie and protein intake) do not differ between high versus low responders. Only a handful of studies have examined muscle biomarkers that are differentially expressed between low versus high responders. Thus, other molecular and physiological variables which could potentially affect the skeletal muscle hypertrophic response to resistance exercise training are also discussed including rDNA copy number, extracellular matrix and connective tissue properties, the inflammatory response to training, and mitochondrial as well as vascular characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cody T Haun
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | | - Petey W Mumford
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Matthew A Romero
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Paul A Roberson
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
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20
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Shamim B, Hawley JA, Camera DM. Protein Availability and Satellite Cell Dynamics in Skeletal Muscle. Sports Med 2018; 48:1329-1343. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Reidy PT, Fry CS, Igbinigie S, Deer RR, Jennings K, Cope MB, Mukherjea R, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB. Protein Supplementation Does Not Affect Myogenic Adaptations to Resistance Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:1197-1208. [PMID: 28346813 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that protein supplementation during resistance exercise training enhances muscle hypertrophy. The degree of hypertrophy during training is controlled in part through the activation of satellite cells and myonuclear accretion. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the efficacy of protein supplementation (and the type of protein) during traditional resistance training on myofiber cross-sectional area, satellite cell content, and myonuclear addition. METHODS Healthy young men participated in supervised whole-body progressive resistance training 3 d·wk for 12 wk. Participants were randomized to one of three groups ingesting a daily 22-g macronutrient dose of soy-dairy protein blend (PB, n = 22), whey protein isolate (WP, n = 15), or an isocaloric maltodextrin placebo (MDP, n = 17). Lean mass, vastus lateralis myofiber-type-specific cross-sectional area, satellite cell content, and myonuclear addition were assessed before and after resistance training. RESULTS PB and the pooled protein treatments (PB + WP = PRO) exhibited a greater whole-body lean mass %change compared with MDP (P = 0.057 for PB) and (P = 0.050 for PRO), respectively. All treatments demonstrated similar leg muscle hypertrophy and vastus lateralis myofiber-type-specific cross-sectional area (P < 0.05). Increases in myosin heavy chain I and II myofiber satellite cell content and myonuclei content were also detected after exercise training (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Protein supplementation during resistance training has a modest effect on whole-body lean mass as compared with exercise training without protein supplementation, and there was no effect on any outcome between protein supplement types (blend vs whey). However, protein supplementation did not enhance resistance exercise-induced increases in myofiber hypertrophy, satellite cell content, or myonuclear addition in young healthy men. We propose that as long as protein intake is adequate during muscle overload, the adaptations in muscle growth and function will not be influenced by protein supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Reidy
- 1Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; 2Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; 3School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; 4Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; 5Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; 6DuPont Nutrition and Health, St. Louis, MO
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22
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Garcia SM, Tamaki S, Xu X, Pomerantz JH. Human Satellite Cell Isolation and Xenotransplantation. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1668:105-123. [PMID: 28842905 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7283-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Satellite cells are mononucleated cells of the skeletal muscle lineage that exist beneath the basal lamina juxtaposed to the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle fibers. It is widely accepted that satellite cells mediate skeletal muscle regeneration. Within the satellite cell pool of adult muscle are skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs), also called satellite stem cells, which fulfill criteria of tissue stem cells: They proliferate and their progeny either occupies the adult MuSC niche during self-renewal or differentiates to regenerate mature muscle fibers. Here, we describe robust methods for the isolation of enriched populations of human satellite cells containing MuSCs from fresh human muscle, utilizing mechanical and enzymatic dissociation and purification by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. We also describe a process for xenotransplantation of human satellite cells into mouse muscle by injection into irradiated, immunodeficient, mouse leg muscle with concurrent notexin or bupivacaine muscle injury to increase engraftment efficiency. The engraftment of human MuSCs and the formation of human muscle can then be analyzed by histological and immunofluorescence staining, or subjected to in vivo experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Garcia
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Program in Craniofacial Biology, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orofacial Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stanley Tamaki
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Program in Craniofacial Biology, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orofacial Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Xiaoti Xu
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Program in Craniofacial Biology, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orofacial Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jason H Pomerantz
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. .,Program in Craniofacial Biology, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orofacial Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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23
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Stuelsatz P, Keire P, Yablonka-Reuveni Z. Isolation, Culture, and Immunostaining of Skeletal Muscle Myofibers from Wildtype and Nestin-GFP Mice as a Means to Analyze Satellite Cell. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1556:51-102. [PMID: 28247345 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6771-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Multinucleated myofibers, the functional contractile units of adult skeletal muscle, harbor mononuclear Pax7+ myogenic progenitors on their surface between the myofiber basal lamina and plasmalemma. These progenitors, known as satellite cells, are the primary myogenic stem cells in adult muscle. This chapter describes our laboratory protocols for isolating, culturing, and immunostaining intact myofibers from mouse skeletal muscle as a means for studying satellite cell dynamics. The first protocol discusses myofiber isolation from the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscle. These short myofibers are plated in dishes coated with PureCol collagen (formerly known as Vitrogen) and maintained in a mitogen-poor medium (± supplemental growth factors). Employing such conditions, satellite cells remain at the surface of the parent myofiber while synchronously undergoing a limited number of proliferative cycles and rapidly differentiate. The second protocol discusses the isolation of longer myofibers from the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. These EDL myofibers are routinely plated individually as adherent myofibers in wells coated with Matrigel and maintained in a mitogen-rich medium, conditions in which satellite cells migrate away from the parent myofiber, proliferate extensively, and generate numerous differentiating progeny. Alternatively, these EDL myofibers can be plated as non-adherent myofibers in uncoated wells and maintained in a mitogen-poor medium (± supplemental growth factors), conditions that retain satellite cell progeny at the myofiber niche similar to the FDB myofiber cultures. However, the adherent myofiber format is our preferred choice for monitoring satellite cells in freshly isolated (Time 0) myofibers. We conclude this chapter by promoting the Nestin-GFP transgenic mouse as an efficient tool for direct analysis of satellite cells in isolated myofibers. While satellite cells have been often detected by their expression of the Pax7 protein or the Myf5nLacZ knockin reporter (approaches that are also detailed herein), the Nestin-GFP reporter distinctively permits quantification of satellite cells in live myofibers, which enables linking initial Time 0 numbers and subsequent performance upon culturing. We additionally point out to the implementation of the Nestin-GFP transgene for monitoring other selective cell lineages as illustrated by GFP expression in capillaries, endothelial tubes and neuronal cells. Myofibers from other types of muscles, such as diaphragm, masseter, and extraocular, can also be isolated and analyzed using protocols described herein. Collectively, this chapter provides essential tools for studying satellite cells in their native position and their interplay with the parent myofiber.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Separation/methods
- Genes, Reporter
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Immunophenotyping/methods
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Nestin/genetics
- Nestin/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Primary Cell Culture
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/cytology
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/metabolism
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Stuelsatz
- Department of Biological Structure, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Health Sciences Building, Room G520, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357420, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Paul Keire
- Department of Biological Structure, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Health Sciences Building, Room G520, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357420, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni
- Department of Biological Structure, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Health Sciences Building, Room G520, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357420, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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24
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Liu Y, Jiang B, Fu C, Hao R. Cloning and characterization of adipogenin and its overexpression enhances fat accumulation of bovine myosatellite cells. Gene 2016; 601:27-35. [PMID: 27914980 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenin (ADIG) is an adipocyte-specific membrane protein highly expressed in adipose tissues and is increased during the adipocyte differentiation. However, the roles and mechanisms of ADIG on fat accumulation and adipocyte differentiation in ex vivo still largely unknown. In this study, we isolated bovine myosatellite cells based on adhesion characteristics to investigate whether ADIG overexpression could promote trans-differentiation and increase fat accumulation in myosatellite cells. Immunofluorescence labeling was then used for the phenotypic characteristics of myosatellite. Our results showed that, after induction of differentiation, adenovirus mediated ADIG overexpression could upregulate expression level of PPARγ, and Oil Red O staining showed larger lipid drops compared to control groups. In consistent, key components of Hh signaling pathway were down regulated when infected with ADIG adenovirus, even though treated with inhibitor of Hh signaling pathway together could not induce further decrease. In addition, bioinformatics analysis of ADIG was also performed for its structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Henan Collaborative Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China; Institute of Lung and Molecular Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China
| | - Bijie Jiang
- Henan Collaborative Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China; School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China.
| | - Changzhen Fu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Ruijie Hao
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, 464000, China
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25
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Xu X, Wilschut KJ, Kouklis G, Tian H, Hesse R, Garland C, Sbitany H, Hansen S, Seth R, Knott PD, Hoffman WY, Pomerantz JH. Human Satellite Cell Transplantation and Regeneration from Diverse Skeletal Muscles. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 5:419-34. [PMID: 26352798 PMCID: PMC4618654 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of human satellite cells that fulfill muscle stem cell criteria is an unmet need in regenerative medicine. This hurdle limits understanding how closely muscle stem cell properties are conserved among mice and humans and hampers translational efforts in muscle regeneration. Here, we report that PAX7 satellite cells exist at a consistent frequency of 2-4 cells/mm of fiber in muscles of the human trunk, limbs, and head. Xenotransplantation into mice of 50-70 fiber-associated, or 1,000-5,000 FACS-enriched CD56(+)/CD29(+) human satellite cells led to stable engraftment and formation of human-derived myofibers. Human cells with characteristic PAX7, CD56, and CD29 expression patterns populated the satellite cell niche beneath the basal lamina on the periphery of regenerated fibers. After additional injury, transplanted satellite cells robustly regenerated to form hundreds of human-derived fibers. Together, these findings conclusively delineate a source of bona-fide endogenous human muscle stem cells that will aid development of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoti Xu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Karlijn J Wilschut
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gayle Kouklis
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hua Tian
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Robert Hesse
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Catharine Garland
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hani Sbitany
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Scott Hansen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Rahul Seth
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - P Daniel Knott
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - William Y Hoffman
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jason H Pomerantz
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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26
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Jan AT, Lee EJ, Ahmad S, Choi I. Meeting the meat: delineating the molecular machinery of muscle development. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 58:18. [PMID: 27168943 PMCID: PMC4862161 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-016-0100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscle, studied mostly with respect to meat production, represents one of the largest protein reservoirs of the body. As gene expression profiling holds credibility to deal with the increasing demand of food from animal sources, excessive loss due to myopathies and other muscular dystrophies was found detrimental as it aggravates diseases that result in increased morbidity and mortality. Holding key point towards improving the developmental program of muscle in meat producing animals, elucidating the underlying mechanisms of the associated pathways in livestock animals is believed to open up new avenues towards enhancing the lean tissue deposition. To this end, identification of vital candidate genes having no known function in myogenesis, is believed to increase the current understanding of the physiological processes going on in the skeletal muscle tissue. Taking consequences of gene expression changes into account, knowledge of the pathways associated with their activation and as such up-regulation seems critical for the overall muscle homeostasis. Having important implications on livestock production, a thorough understanding of postnatal muscle development seems a timely step to fulfil the growing need of ever increasing populations of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Sarafraz Ahmad
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
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27
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Shah F, Berggren D, Holmlund T, Levring Jäghagen E, Stål P. Unique expression of cytoskeletal proteins in human soft palate muscles. J Anat 2015; 228:487-94. [PMID: 26597319 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The human oropharyngeal muscles have a unique anatomy with diverse and intricate functions. To investigate if this specialization is also reflected in the cytoarchitecture of muscle fibers, intermediate filament proteins and the dystrophin-associated protein complex have been analyzed in two human palate muscles, musculus uvula (UV) and musculus palatopharyngeus (PP), with immunohistochenmical and morphological techniques. Human limb muscles were used as reference. The findings show that the soft palate muscle fibers have a cytoskeletal architecture that differs from the limb muscles. While all limb muscles showed immunoreaction for a panel of antibodies directed against different domains of cytoskeletal proteins desmin and dystrophin, a subpopulation of palate muscle fibers lacked or had a faint immunoreaction for desmin (UV 11.7% and PP 9.8%) and the C-terminal of the dystrophin molecule (UV 4.2% and PP 6.4%). The vast majority of these fibers expressed slow contractile protein myosin heavy chain I. Furthermore, an unusual staining pattern was also observed in these fibers for β-dystroglycan, caveolin-3 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase nNOS, which are all membrane-linking proteins associated with the dystrophin C-terminus. While the immunoreaction for nNOS was generally weak or absent, β-dystroglycan and caveolin-3 showed a stronger immunostaining. The absence or a low expression of cytoskeletal proteins otherwise considered ubiquitous and important for integration and contraction of muscle cells indicate a unique cytoarchitecture designed to meet the intricate demands of the upper airway muscles. It can be concluded that a subgroup of muscle fibers in the human soft palate appears to have special biomechanical properties, and their unique cytoarchitecture must be taken into account while assessing function and pathology in oropharyngeal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Shah
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Laboratory of Muscle Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Diana Berggren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Otolaryngology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thorbjörn Holmlund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Otolaryngology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva Levring Jäghagen
- Department of Odontology, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Stål
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Laboratory of Muscle Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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28
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Snijders T, Nederveen JP, McKay BR, Joanisse S, Verdijk LB, van Loon LJC, Parise G. Satellite cells in human skeletal muscle plasticity. Front Physiol 2015; 6:283. [PMID: 26557092 PMCID: PMC4617172 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle satellite cells are considered to play a crucial role in muscle fiber maintenance, repair and remodeling. Our knowledge of the role of satellite cells in muscle fiber adaptation has traditionally relied on in vitro cell and in vivo animal models. Over the past decade, a genuine effort has been made to translate these results to humans under physiological conditions. Findings from in vivo human studies suggest that satellite cells play a key role in skeletal muscle fiber repair/remodeling in response to exercise. Mounting evidence indicates that aging has a profound impact on the regulation of satellite cells in human skeletal muscle. Yet, the precise role of satellite cells in the development of muscle fiber atrophy with age remains unresolved. This review seeks to integrate recent results from in vivo human studies on satellite cell function in muscle fiber repair/remodeling in the wider context of satellite cell biology whose literature is largely based on animal and cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Snijders
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada ; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Joshua P Nederveen
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bryon R McKay
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie Joanisse
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lex B Verdijk
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gianni Parise
- Department of Kinesiology and Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
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29
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Messi ML, Li T, Wang ZM, Marsh AP, Nicklas B, Delbono O. Resistance Training Enhances Skeletal Muscle Innervation Without Modifying the Number of Satellite Cells or their Myofiber Association in Obese Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:1273-80. [PMID: 26447161 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in humans and animal models provide compelling evidence for age-related skeletal muscle denervation, which may contribute to muscle fiber atrophy and loss. Skeletal muscle denervation seems relentless; however, long-term, high-intensity physical activity appears to promote muscle reinnervation. Whether 5-month resistance training (RT) enhances skeletal muscle innervation in obese older adults is unknown. This study found that neural cell-adhesion molecule, NCAM+ muscle area decreased with RT and was inversely correlated with muscle strength. NCAM1 and RUNX1 gene transcripts significantly decreased with the intervention. Type I and type II fiber grouping in the vastus lateralis did not change significantly but increases in leg press and knee extensor strength inversely correlated with type I, but not with type II, fiber grouping. RT did not modify the total number of satellite cells, their number per area, or the number associated with specific fiber subtypes or innervated/denervated fibers. Our results suggest that RT has a beneficial impact on skeletal innervation, even when started late in life by sedentary obese older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Messi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine and J Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine and J Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Zhong-Min Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine and J Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anthony P Marsh
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Barbara Nicklas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine and J Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Osvaldo Delbono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine and J Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
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30
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Fu X, Wang H, Hu P. Stem cell activation in skeletal muscle regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1663-77. [PMID: 25572293 PMCID: PMC4412728 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Muscle stem cell (satellite cell) activation post muscle injury is a transient and critical step in muscle regeneration. It is regulated by physiological cues, signaling molecules, and epigenetic regulatory factors. The mechanisms that coherently turn on the complex activation process shortly after trauma are just beginning to be illuminated. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge of satellite cell activation regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
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31
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Wernbom M, Apro W, Paulsen G, Nilsen TS, Blomstrand E, Raastad T. Acute low-load resistance exercise with and without blood flow restriction increased protein signalling and number of satellite cells in human skeletal muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 113:2953-65. [PMID: 24078212 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2733-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate hypertrophic signalling after a single bout of low-load resistance exercise with and without blood flow restriction (BFR). METHODS Seven subjects performed unilateral knee extensions at 30 % of their one repetition maximum. The subjects performed five sets to failure with BFR on one leg, and then repeated the same amount of work with the other leg without BFR. Biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis before and 1, 24 and 48 h after exercise. RESULTS At 1-h post-exercise, phosphorylation of p70S6KThr389 and p38MAPKThr180/Tyr182 was elevated in the BFR leg, but not in the free-flow leg. Phospho-p70S6KThr389 was elevated three- to fourfold in both legs at 24-h post-exercise, but back to baseline at 48 h. The number of visible satellite cells (SCs) per muscle fibre was increased for all post-exercise time points and in both legs (33–53 %). The proportion of SCs with cytoplasmic extensions was elevated at 1-h post in the BFR leg and the number of SCs positive for myogenin and/or MyoD was increased at 1- and 24-h post-exercise for both legs combined. CONCLUSION Acute low-load resistance exercise with BFR resulted in early (1 h) and late (24 h) enhancement of phospho-p70S6KThr389, an early response of p38MAPK, and an increased number of SCs per muscle fibre. Enhanced phospho-p70S6KThr389 at 24-h post-exercise and increases in SC numbers were seen also in the free-flow leg. Implications of these findings for the hypertrophic effects of fatiguing low-load resistance exercise with and without BFR are discussed.
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32
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Uezumi A, Fukada S, Yamamoto N, Ikemoto-Uezumi M, Nakatani M, Morita M, Yamaguchi A, Yamada H, Nishino I, Hamada Y, Tsuchida K. Identification and characterization of PDGFRα+ mesenchymal progenitors in human skeletal muscle. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1186. [PMID: 24743741 PMCID: PMC4001314 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fatty and fibrous connective tissue formation is a hallmark of diseased skeletal muscle and deteriorates muscle function. We previously identified non-myogenic mesenchymal progenitors that contribute to adipogenesis and fibrogenesis in mouse skeletal muscle. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a human counterpart to these progenitors. By using PDGFRα as a specific marker, mesenchymal progenitors can be identified in the interstitium and isolated from human skeletal muscle. PDGFRα+ cells represent a cell population distinct from CD56+ myogenic cells, and adipogenic and fibrogenic potentials were highly enriched in the PDGFRα+ population. Activation of PDGFRα stimulates proliferation of PDGFRα+ cells through PI3K-Akt and MEK2-MAPK signaling pathways, and aberrant accumulation of PDGFRα+ cells was conspicuous in muscles of patients with both genetic and non-genetic muscle diseases. Our results revealed the pathological relevance of PDGFRα+ mesenchymal progenitors to human muscle diseases and provide a basis for developing therapeutic strategy to treat muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uezumi
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - S Fukada
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - N Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Histochemistry, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - M Ikemoto-Uezumi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35 Gengo, Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - M Nakatani
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - M Morita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - A Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - H Yamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - I Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Y Hamada
- Department of Orthopedics, Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-10-3 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8539, Japan
| | - K Tsuchida
- Division for Therapies against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
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33
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Bentzinger CF, von Maltzahn J, Dumont NA, Stark DA, Wang YX, Nhan K, Frenette J, Cornelison DDW, Rudnicki MA. Wnt7a stimulates myogenic stem cell motility and engraftment resulting in improved muscle strength. J Cell Biol 2014; 205:97-111. [PMID: 24711502 PMCID: PMC3987134 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201310035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt7a/Fzd7 signaling stimulates skeletal muscle growth and repair by inducing the symmetric expansion of satellite stem cells through the planar cell polarity pathway and by activating the Akt/mTOR growth pathway in muscle fibers. Here we describe a third level of activity where Wnt7a/Fzd7 increases the polarity and directional migration of mouse satellite cells and human myogenic progenitors through activation of Dvl2 and the small GTPase Rac1. Importantly, these effects can be exploited to potentiate the outcome of myogenic cell transplantation into dystrophic muscles. We observed that a short Wnt7a treatment markedly stimulated tissue dispersal and engraftment, leading to significantly improved muscle function. Moreover, myofibers at distal sites that fused with Wnt7a-treated cells were hypertrophic, suggesting that the transplanted cells deliver activated Wnt7a/Fzd7 signaling complexes to recipient myofibers. Taken together, we describe a viable and effective ex vivo cell modulation process that profoundly enhances the efficacy of stem cell therapy for skeletal muscle.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Fusion
- Cell Line
- Cell Movement
- Cell Polarity
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dishevelled Proteins
- Endocytosis
- Frizzled Receptors/metabolism
- Genes, Reporter
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypertrophy
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle Strength
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/surgery
- Muscular Dystrophies/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophies/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophies/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophies/physiopathology
- Muscular Dystrophies/surgery
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/metabolism
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/pathology
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/transplantation
- Neuropeptides/metabolism
- PAX7 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/deficiency
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Wnt Proteins/genetics
- Wnt Proteins/metabolism
- rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Red Fluorescent Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Florian Bentzinger
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Julia von Maltzahn
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nicolas A. Dumont
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Danny A. Stark
- Division of Biological Sciences and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Yu Xin Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Kevin Nhan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jérôme Frenette
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - DDW Cornelison
- Division of Biological Sciences and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Michael A. Rudnicki
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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Verdijk LB, Snijders T, Drost M, Delhaas T, Kadi F, van Loon LJC. Satellite cells in human skeletal muscle; from birth to old age. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:545-7. [PMID: 24122288 PMCID: PMC4039250 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Changes in satellite cell content play a key role in regulating skeletal muscle growth and atrophy. Yet, there is little information on changes in satellite cell content from birth to old age in humans. The present study defines muscle fiber type-specific satellite cell content in human skeletal muscle tissue over the entire lifespan. Muscle biopsies were collected in 165 subjects, from different muscles of children undergoing surgery (<18 years; n = 13) and from the vastus lateralis muscle of young adult (18–49 years; n = 50), older (50–69 years; n = 53), and senescent subjects (70–86 years; n = 49). In a subgroup of 51 aged subjects (71 ± 6 years), additional biopsies were collected after 12 weeks of supervised resistance-type exercise training. Immunohistochemistry was applied to assess skeletal muscle fiber type-specific composition, size, and satellite cell content. From birth to adulthood, muscle fiber size increased tremendously with no major changes in muscle fiber satellite cell content, and no differences between type I and II muscle fibers. In contrast to type I muscle fibers, type II muscle fiber size was substantially smaller with increasing age in adults (r = −0.56; P < 0.001). This was accompanied by an age-related reduction in type II muscle fiber satellite cell content (r = −0.57; P < 0.001). Twelve weeks of resistance-type exercise training significantly increased type II muscle fiber size and satellite cell content. We conclude that type II muscle fiber atrophy with aging is accompanied by a specific decline in type II muscle fiber satellite cell content. Resistance-type exercise training represents an effective strategy to increase satellite cell content and reverse type II muscle fiber atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lex B. Verdijk
- />Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Snijders
- />Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Drost
- />Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tammo Delhaas
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- />Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fawzi Kadi
- />Division of Sport Sciences, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Luc J. C. van Loon
- />Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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35
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Kwon B, Kumar P, Lee HK, Zeng L, Walsh K, Fu Q, Barakat A, Querfurth HW. Aberrant cell cycle reentry in human and experimental inclusion body myositis and polymyositis. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3681-94. [PMID: 24556217 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inclusion body myositis (IBM), a degenerative and inflammatory disorder of skeletal muscle, and Alzheimer's disease share protein derangements and attrition of postmitotic cells. Overexpression of cyclins and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and evidence for DNA replication is reported in Alzheimer's disease brain, possibly contributing to neuronal death. It is unknown whether aberrant cell cycle reentry also occurs in IBM. We examined cell cycle markers in IBM compared with normal control, polymyositis (PM) and non-inflammatory dystrophy sample sets. Next, we tested for evidence of reentry and DNA synthesis in C2C12 myotubes induced to express β-amyloid (Aβ42). We observed increased levels of Ki-67, PCNA and cyclins E/D1 in IBM compared with normals and non-inflammatory conditions. Interestingly, PM samples displayed similar increases. Satellite cell markers did not correlate with Ki-67-affected myofiber nuclei. DNA synthesis and cell cycle markers were induced in Aβ-bearing myotubes. Cell cycle marker and cyclin protein expressions were also induced in an experimental allergic myositis-like model of PM in mice. Levels of p21 (Cip1/WAF1), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, were decreased in affected myotubes. However, overexpression of p21 did not rescue cells from Aβ-induced toxicity. This is the first report of cell cycle reentry in human myositis. The absence of rescue and evidence for reentry in separate models of myodegeneration and inflammation suggest that new DNA synthesis may be a reactive response to either or both stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumsup Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi 110042, India
| | - Han-Kyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Ling Zeng
- Molecular Cardiology and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135, USA
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Molecular Cardiology and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135, USA
| | - Qinghao Fu
- Department of Neurology, Caritas St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135, USA
| | - Amey Barakat
- Department of Neurology, Caritas St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135, USA
| | - Henry W Querfurth
- Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA Molecular Cardiology and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135, USA
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Osteogenic differentiation capacity of human skeletal muscle-derived progenitor cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56641. [PMID: 23457598 PMCID: PMC3572948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is defined as the formation of ectopic bone in soft tissue outside the skeletal tissue. HO is thought to result from aberrant differentiation of osteogenic progenitors within skeletal muscle. However, the precise origin of HO is still unclear. Skeletal muscle contains two kinds of progenitor cells, myogenic progenitors and mesenchymal progenitors. Myogenic and mesenchymal progenitors in human skeletal muscle can be identified as CD56+ and PDGFRα+ cells, respectively. The purpose of this study was to investigate the osteogenic differentiation potential of human skeletal muscle-derived progenitors. Both CD56+ cells and PDGFRα+ cells showed comparable osteogenic differentiation potential in vitro. However, in an in vivo ectopic bone formation model, PDGFRα+ cells formed bone-like tissue and showed successful engraftment, while CD56+ cells did not form bone-like tissue and did not adapt to an osteogenic environment. Immunohistological analysis of human HO sample revealed that many PDGFRα+ cells were localized in proximity to ectopic bone formed in skeletal muscle. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to regulate many biological processes including osteogenic differentiation. We investigated the participation of miRNAs in the osteogenic differentiation of PDGFRα+ cells by using microarray. We identified miRNAs that had not been known to be involved in osteogenesis but showed dramatic changes during osteogenic differentiation of PDGFRα+ cells. Upregulation of miR-146b-5p and -424 and downregulation of miR-7 during osteogenic differentiation of PDGFRα+ cells were confirmed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Inhibition of upregulated miRNAs, miR-146b-5p and -424, resulted in the suppression of osteocyte maturation, suggesting that these two miRNAs have the positive role in the osteogenesis of PDGFRα+ cells. Our results suggest that PDGFRα+ cells may be the major source of HO and that the newly identified miRNAs may regulate osteogenic differentiation process of PDGFRα+ cells.
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Abstract
Satellite cells are rare mononuclear skeletal muscle-resident cells that are the chief contributors to regenerative myogenesis following muscle injury. Although first identified more than 50 years ago, it is only recently that the murine satellite cell has become molecularly defined with the ability to prospectively isolate these cells from their niche. Human satellite cells are considerably less well understood with relatively few studies having been performed on them. In this review, a critical evaluation of this literature is provided along with a discussion of the practical and methodological issues involved with research on human satellite cells. The therapeutic potential of these and other cells types is also discussed, and the various challenges that face satellite cell therapy are addressed.
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38
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Beenakker KGM, Duijnisveld BJ, Van Der Linden HMJ, Visser CPJ, Westendorp RGJ, Butler-Brown G, Nelissen RGHH, Maier AB. Muscle characteristics in patients with chronic systemic inflammation. Muscle Nerve 2012; 46:204-9. [PMID: 22806369 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Histological characteristics of age-related muscle wasting are type II muscle fiber atrophy, accumulation of oxidative stress-induced lipofuscin granules and decreased satellite cell numbers. There is increasing clinical evidence for a strong correlation between chronic systemic inflammation and age-related muscle wasting. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of chronic systemic inflammation on age-related histological muscle characteristics. METHODS As a model for chronic systemic inflammation, we included 10 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 27 control patients suffering from osteoarthritis (OA). Biopsies were taken from the vastus medialis muscle. RESULTS No significant differences were found in type II muscle fiber atrophy, lipofuscin accumulation, or satellite cell number in RA compared with OA patients. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest there is no association between chronic systemic inflammation in RA and age-related muscle characteristics. Future research should focus on inflammation and satellite cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel G M Beenakker
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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39
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Accelerated skeletal muscle recovery after in vivo polyphenol administration. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:1072-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Thériault ME, Paré MÈ, Maltais F, Debigaré R. Satellite cells senescence in limb muscle of severe patients with COPD. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39124. [PMID: 22720047 PMCID: PMC3374758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The maintenance of peripheral muscle mass may be compromised in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to premature cellular senescence and exhaustion of the regenerative potential of the muscles. METHODS Vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained from patients with COPD (n = 16) and healthy subjects (n = 7). Satellite cell number and the proportion of central nuclei, as a marker of muscle regenerative events, were assessed on cryosections. Telomere lengths, used as a marker of cellular senescence, were determined using Southern blot analyses. RESULTS Central nuclei proportion was significantly higher in patients with COPD with a preserved muscle mass compared to controls and patients with COPD with muscle atrophy (p<0.001). In COPD, maximal telomere length was significantly decreased compared to controls (p<0.05). Similarly, minimal telomere length was significantly reduced in GOLD III-IV patients with muscle atrophy compared to controls (p<0.005). Minimal, mean and maximum telomere lengths correlated with mid-thigh muscle cross-sectional area (MTCSA) (R = 0.523, p = 0.005; R = 0.435, p = 0.019 and R = 0.491, p = 0.009, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Evidence of increased regenerative events was seen in GOLD III-IV patients with preserved muscle mass. Shortening of telomeres in GOLD III-IV patients with muscle atrophy is consistent with an increased number of senescent satellite cells and an exhausted muscle regenerative capacity, compromising the maintenance of muscle mass in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Thériault
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Paré
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - François Maltais
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Richard Debigaré
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada
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41
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Walker DK, Fry CS, Drummond MJ, Dickinson JM, Timmerman KL, Gundermann DM, Jennings K, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB. PAX7+ satellite cells in young and older adults following resistance exercise. Muscle Nerve 2012; 46:51-9. [PMID: 22644638 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resistance exercise (RE) stimulates a muscle protein anabolic response partially through enhanced satellite cell (SC) activity, however, age- and gender-related changes in SC content over a 24-h time course are not known. METHODS Ten young (27 ± 2 years) men and women and 11 older (70 ± 2 years) men and women performed an acute bout of RE. Myofiber and SC characteristics were determined from muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis using immunohistochemistry. Immunoblotting was used to determine phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 and protein expression of p27(Kip1) and cyclin D1. RESULTS Pax7+ SC were significantly increased in young men 24 h following RE. Percent SC were significantly increased in older women at 6 and 24 h following RE. Aging decreased myonuclear domain and increased protein expression of p27(Kip1) . CONCLUSIONS An acute bout of RE increases SC content in young men at 24 h and older women at 6 and 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon K Walker
- Department of Nutrition & Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
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42
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Yusuf F, Brand-Saberi B. Myogenesis and muscle regeneration. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 138:187-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-0972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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McKay BR, Ogborn DI, Bellamy LM, Tarnopolsky MA, Parise G. Myostatin is associated with age-related human muscle stem cell dysfunction. FASEB J 2012; 26:2509-21. [PMID: 22403007 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-198663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human aging is accompanied by a progressive loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia). We tested the hypothesis that older males (OMs, 70±4 yr, n=9) would have a blunted myogenic response to a physiological stimulus compared to younger controls (21±3 yr, n=9). Subjects completed an acute bout of intense unilateral muscle loading. Young healthy males matched for body mass and activity level served as the control group. Muscle biopsies and blood were obtained before and at 3, 24, and 48 h after muscle loading. The muscle stem cell response was analyzed using flow cytometry, immunofluorescent microscopy, and standard protein and mRNA analysis. OMs had 35% fewer basal stem cells and a type II fiber-specific impairment in stem cell content and proliferation. Myogenic determination factor staining and cell cycle analysis illustrated a severely blunted progression through the myogenic program. Myostatin protein and mRNA were 2-fold higher in OMs. Stem cell-specific myostatin levels were not different at baseline; however, there were 67% more myostatin-positive type II-associated stem cells in OMs at 24 h. These data illustrate an age-related impairment of stem cell function in a fiber type-specific manner. The greater colocalization of myostatin with stem cells provides a mechanism for the impaired myogenic capacity of aged muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryon R McKay
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4L8
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44
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Human satellite cells: identification on human muscle fibres. PLOS CURRENTS 2012; 3:RRN1294. [PMID: 22333991 PMCID: PMC3275414 DOI: 10.1371/currents.rrn1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Satellite cells, normally quiescent underneath the myofibre basal lamina, are skeletal muscle stem cells responsible for postnatal muscle growth, repair and regeneration. Since their scarcity and small size have limited study on transverse muscle sections, techniques to isolate individual myofibres, bearing their attendant satellite cells, were developed. Studies on mouse myofibres have generated much information on satellite cells, but the limited availability and small size of human muscle biopsies have hampered equivalent studies of satellite cells on human myofibres. Here, we identified satellite cells on fragments of human and mouse myofibres, using a method applicable to small muscle biopsies.
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45
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Yablonka-Reuveni Z. The skeletal muscle satellite cell: still young and fascinating at 50. J Histochem Cytochem 2012; 59:1041-59. [PMID: 22147605 DOI: 10.1369/0022155411426780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle satellite cell was first described and named based on its anatomic location between the myofiber plasma and basement membranes. In 1961, two independent studies by Alexander Mauro and Bernard Katz provided the first electron microscopic descriptions of satellite cells in frog and rat muscles. These cells were soon detected in other vertebrates and acquired candidacy as the source of myogenic cells needed for myofiber growth and repair throughout life. Cultures of isolated myofibers and, subsequently, transplantation of single myofibers demonstrated that satellite cells were myogenic progenitors. More recently, satellite cells were redefined as myogenic stem cells given their ability to self-renew in addition to producing differentiated progeny. Identification of distinctively expressed molecular markers, in particular Pax7, has facilitated detection of satellite cells using light microscopy. Notwithstanding the remarkable progress made since the discovery of satellite cells, researchers have looked for alternative cells with myogenic capacity that can potentially be used for whole body cell-based therapy of skeletal muscle. Yet, new studies show that inducible ablation of satellite cells in adult muscle impairs myofiber regeneration. Thus, on the 50th anniversary since its discovery, the satellite cell's indispensable role in muscle repair has been reaffirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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46
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Danoviz ME, Yablonka-Reuveni Z. Skeletal muscle satellite cells: background and methods for isolation and analysis in a primary culture system. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 798:21-52. [PMID: 22130829 PMCID: PMC3325159 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-343-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Repair of adult skeletal muscle depends on satellite cells, myogenic stem cells located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of the myofiber. Standardized protocols for the isolation and culture of satellite cells are key tools for understanding cell autonomous and extrinsic factors that regulate their performance. Knowledge gained from such studies can contribute important insights to developing strategies for the improvement of muscle repair following trauma and in muscle wasting disorders. This chapter provides an introduction to satellite cell biology and further describes the basic protocol used in our laboratory to isolate and culture satellite cells from adult skeletal muscle. The cell culture conditions detailed herein support proliferation and differentiation of satellite cell progeny and the development of reserve cells, which are thought to reflect the in vivo self-renewal ability of satellite cells. Additionally, this chapter describes our standard immunostaining protocol that allows the characterization of satellite cell progeny by the temporal expression of characteristic transcription factors and structural proteins associated with different stages of myogenic progression. Although emphasis is given here to the isolation and characterization of satellite cells from mouse hindlimb muscles, the protocols are suitable for other muscle types (such as diaphragm and extraocular muscles) and for muscles from other species, including chicken and rat. Altogether, the basic protocols described are straightforward and facilitate the study of diverse aspects of skeletal muscle stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Danoviz
- Department of Biological Structure, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni
- Department of Biological Structure, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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47
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48
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Mackey AL, Andersen LL, Frandsen U, Sjøgaard G. Strength training increases the size of the satellite cell pool in type I and II fibres of chronically painful trapezius muscle in females. J Physiol 2011; 589:5503-15. [PMID: 21946848 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.217885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
While strength training has been shown to be effective in mediating hypertrophy and reducing pain in trapezius myalgia, responses at the cellular level have not previously been studied. This study investigated the potential of strength training targeting the affected muscles (SST, n = 18) and general fitness training (GFT, n = 16) to augment the satellite cell (SC) and macrophage pools in the trapezius muscles of women diagnosed with trapezius myalgia. A group receiving general health information (REF, n = 8) served as a control. Muscle biopsies were collected from the trapezius muscles of the 42 women (age 44 ± 8 years; mean ± SD) before and after the 10 week intervention period and were analysed by immunohistochemistry for SCs, macrophages and myonuclei. The SC content of type I and II fibres was observed to increase significantly from baseline by 65% and 164%, respectively, with SST (P < 0.0001), together with a significant correlation between the baseline number of SCs and the extent of hypertrophy (r = -0.669, P = 0.005). SST also resulted in a 74% enhancement of the trapezius macrophage content (P < 0.01), accompanied by evidence for the presence of an increased number of actively dividing cells (Ki67(+)) post-SST (P < 0.001). GFT resulted in a significant 23% increase in the SC content of type II fibres, when expressed relative to myonuclear number only (P < 0.05). No changes in the number of myonuclei per fibre or myonuclear domain were detected in any group. These findings provide strong support at the cellular level for the potential of SST to induce a strong myogenic response in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, and Centre for Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Health Sciences,University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Jean E, Laoudj-Chenivesse D, Notarnicola C, Rouger K, Serratrice N, Bonnieu A, Gay S, Bacou F, Duret C, Carnac G. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity promotes survival of human muscle precursor cells. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 15:119-33. [PMID: 19840193 PMCID: PMC3822499 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) are a family of enzymes that efficiently detoxify aldehydic products generated by reactive oxygen species and might therefore participate in cell survival. Because ALDH activity has been used to identify normal and malignant cells with stem cell properties, we asked whether human myogenic precursor cells (myoblasts) could be identified and isolated based on their levels of ALDH activity. Human muscle explant-derived cells were incubated with ALDEFLUOR, a fluorescent substrate for ALDH, and we determined by flow cytometry the level of enzyme activity. We found that ALDH activity positively correlated with the myoblast-CD56+ fraction in those cells, but, we also observed heterogeneity of ALDH activity levels within CD56-purified myoblasts. Using lentiviral mediated expression of shRNA we demonstrated that ALDH activity was associated with expression of Aldh1a1 protein. Surprisingly, ALDH activity and Aldh1a1 expression levels were very low in mouse, rat, rabbit and non-human primate myoblasts. Using different approaches, from pharmacological inhibition of ALDH activity by diethylaminobenzaldehyde, an inhibitor of class I ALDH, to cell fractionation by flow cytometry using the ALDEFLUOR assay, we characterized human myoblasts expressing low or high levels of ALDH. We correlated high ALDH activity ex vivo to resistance to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cytotoxic effect and in vivo to improved cell viability when human myoblasts were transplanted into host muscle of immune deficient scid mice. Therefore detection of ALDH activity, as a purification strategy, could allow non-toxic and efficient isolation of a fraction of human myoblasts resistant to cytotoxic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Jean
- INSERM, ERI 25, Muscle et Pathologies, Montpellier, France
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50
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Negroni E, Vallese D, Vilquin JT, Butler-Browne G, Mouly V, Trollet C. Current advances in cell therapy strategies for muscular dystrophies. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 11:157-76. [PMID: 21219234 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2011.542748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Muscular dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of genetic diseases characterized by muscle weakness, wasting and degeneration. Cell therapy consists of delivering myogenic precursor cells to damaged tissue for the complementation of missing proteins and/or the regeneration of new muscle fibres. AREAS COVERED We focus on human candidate cells described so far (myoblasts, mesoangioblasts, pericytes, myoendothelial cells, CD133(+) cells, aldehyde-dehydrogenase-positive cells, mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells), gene-based strategies developed to modify cells prior to injection, animal models (dystrophic and/or immunodeficient) used for pre-clinical studies, and clinical trials that have been performed using cell therapy strategies. The approaches are reviewed in terms of feasibility, hurdles, potential solutions and/or research areas from where the solution may come and potential application in terms of types of dystrophies and targets. EXPERT OPINION Cell therapy for muscular dystrophies should be put in the context of which dystrophy or muscle group is targeted, what tools are available at hand, but even more importantly what can cell therapy bring as compared with and/or in combination with other therapeutic strategies. The solution will probably be the right dosage of these combinations adapted to each dystrophy, or even to each type of mutation within a dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Negroni
- Unité Thérapies des Maladies du muscle strié, UMRS974, UPMC Université Paris 6, UM76, INSERM U974, CNRS UMR 7215, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
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