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Luong CT, Audira G, Kurnia KA, Hung CH, Hsiao CD. Fish 3D Locomotion app: a user-friendly computer application package for automatic data calculation and endpoint extraction for novel tank behavior in fish. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39007187 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
This paper introduces the Fish 3D Locomotion app (F3LA), a Python-based, Graphical User Interface (GUI)-equipped tool designed to automate behavioral endpoint extraction in zebrafish locomotion assays. Building on our previous work, which utilized a specialized aquatic tank with a mirror and a single camera for fish movement tracking in three dimensions, F3LA significantly enhances data processing efficiency. Its accuracy was tested by reanalyzing and comprehensively comparing the calculated data with the previously published data from prior publications. From the comparison results, 90% of endpoints showed a similar statistical difference result. These minor differences were due to the different starting points for the dataset and updated calculation formulas that are implemented in F3LA. In addition, shoaling area or shoaling volume calculations are also included in F3LA as a new feature that can serve as sensitive indicators of social cohesion, group dynamics, or stress responses, offering insights into neuropsychological conditions or the effects of pharmacological interventions. Furthermore, F3LA offers a marked improvement over manual operations, being at least five times faster, while maintaining consistent accuracy as it reduces human-induced errors, ensuring a higher degree of reliability in the results. Finally, the potency of F3LA was tested to evaluate the toxicities of 14 rare earth elements (REEs) to the adult zebrafish behaviors. Based on the results, our findings suggested that each tested REE altered fish behaviors in different patterns and magnitudes to each other. However, among the tested light rare earth elements (LREEs), neodymium was demonstrated to cause more relatively severe behavior alterations than other LREEs, indicated by the statistically higher value of entropy (0.2695 ± 0.04977 (mean with a standard deviation)) than the control group (0.2352 ± 0.05896). Meanwhile, in terms of heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), erbium seemed to lead to more distinct behavior toxicities than other HREEs, which was shown by the statistically lower level of fractal dimension (2.022 ± 0.3412) than the untreated group (2.255 ± 0.1661). Taken together, F3LA's development marks a significant advance in high-throughput toxicological and pharmacological assessments in zebrafish, leveraging three-dimensional locomotion data for a more comprehensive analysis of fish behavior performance, providing a significant contribution to research in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Thang Luong
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Gilbert Audira
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Adi Kurnia
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Hung
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
- Research Center for Aquatic Toxicology and Pharmacology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
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Chen YC, Martins TA, Marchica V, Panula P. Angiopoietin 1 and integrin beta 1b are vital for zebrafish brain development. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1289794. [PMID: 38235293 PMCID: PMC10792015 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1289794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Angiopoietin 1 (angpt1) is essential for angiogenesis. However, its role in neurogenesis is largely undiscovered. This study aimed to identify the role of angpt1 in brain development, the mode of action of angpt1, and its prime targets in the zebrafish brain. Methods We investigated the effects of embryonic brain angiogenesis and neural development using qPCR, in situ hybridization, microangiography, retrograde labeling, and immunostaining in the angpt1sa14264, itgb1bmi371, tekhu1667 mutant fish and transgenic overexpression of angpt1 in the zebrafish larval brains. Results We showed the co-localization of angpt1 with notch, delta, and nestin in the proliferation zone in the larval brain. Additionally, lack of angpt1 was associated with downregulation of TEK tyrosine kinase, endothelial (tek), and several neurogenic factors despite upregulation of integrin beta 1b (itgb1b), angpt2a, vascular endothelial growth factor aa (vegfaa), and glial markers. We further demonstrated that the targeted angpt1sa14264 and itgb1bmi371 mutant fish showed severely irregular cerebrovascular development, aberrant hindbrain patterning, expansion of the radial glial progenitors, downregulation of cell proliferation, deficiencies of dopaminergic, histaminergic, and GABAergic populations in the caudal hypothalamus. In contrast to angpt1sa14264 and itgb1bmi371 mutants, the tekhu1667 mutant fish regularly grew with no apparent phenotypes. Notably, the neural-specific angpt1 overexpression driven by the elavl3 (HuC) promoter significantly increased cell proliferation and neuronal progenitor cells but decreased GABAergic neurons, and this neurogenic activity was independent of its typical receptor tek. Discussion Our results prove that angpt1 and itgb1b, besides regulating vascular development, act as a neurogenic factor via notch and wnt signaling pathways in the neural proliferation zone in the developing brain, indicating a novel role of dual regulation of angpt1 in embryonic neurogenesis that supports the concept of angiopoietin-based therapeutics in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Chen
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Zebrafish Unit, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomás A. Martins
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Zebrafish Unit, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valentina Marchica
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Zebrafish Unit, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pertti Panula
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Zebrafish Unit, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Helsinki, Finland
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Yao Y, Baronio D, Chen YC, Jin C, Panula P. The Roles of Histamine Receptor 1 (hrh1) in Neurotransmitter System Regulation, Behavior, and Neurogenesis in Zebrafish. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6660-6675. [PMID: 37474883 PMCID: PMC10533647 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Histamine receptors mediate important physiological processes and take part in the pathophysiology of different brain disorders. Histamine receptor 1 (HRH1) is involved in the development of neurotransmitter systems, and its role in neurogenesis has been proposed. Altered HRH1 binding and expression have been detected in the brains of patients with schizophrenia, depression, and autism. Our goal was to assess the role of hrh1 in zebrafish development and neurotransmitter system regulation through the characterization of hrh1-/- fish generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Quantitative PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunocytochemistry were used to study neurotransmitter systems and genes essential for brain development. Additionally, we wanted to reveal the role of this histamine receptor in larval and adult fish behavior using several quantitative behavioral methods including locomotion, thigmotaxis, dark flash and startle response, novel tank diving, and shoaling behavior. Hrh1-/- larvae displayed normal behavior in comparison with hrh1+/+ siblings. Interestingly, a transient abnormal expression of important neurodevelopmental markers was evident in these larvae, as well as a reduction in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase 1 (Th1)-positive cells, th1 mRNA, and hypocretin (hcrt)-positive cells. These abnormalities were not detected in adulthood. In summary, we verified that zebrafish lacking hrh1 present deficits in the dopaminergic and hypocretin systems during early development, but those are compensated by the time fish reach adulthood. However, impaired sociability and anxious-like behavior, along with downregulation of choline O-acetyltransferase a and LIM homeodomain transcription factor Islet1, were displayed by adult fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Yao
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, POB 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Diego Baronio
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, POB 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yu-Chia Chen
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, POB 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Congyu Jin
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, POB 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pertti Panula
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, POB 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Miguel Sanz C, Martinez Navarro M, Caballero Diaz D, Sanchez-Elexpuru G, Di Donato V. Toward the use of novel alternative methods in epilepsy modeling and drug discovery. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1213969. [PMID: 37719765 PMCID: PMC10501616 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1213969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease and, considering the amount of people affected of all ages worldwide, one of the most common neurological disorders. Over 20 novel antiseizure medications (ASMs) have been released since 1993, yet despite substantial advancements in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind epileptogenesis, over one-third of patients continue to be resistant to available therapies. This is partially explained by the fact that the majority of existing medicines only address seizure suppression rather than underlying processes. Understanding the origin of this neurological illness requires conducting human neurological and genetic studies. However, the limitation of sample sizes, ethical concerns, and the requirement for appropriate controls (many patients have already had anti-epileptic medication exposure) in human clinical trials underscore the requirement for supplemental models. So far, mammalian models of epilepsy have helped to shed light on the underlying causes of the condition, but the high costs related to breeding of the animals, low throughput, and regulatory restrictions on their research limit their usefulness in drug screening. Here, we present an overview of the state of art in epilepsy modeling describing gold standard animal models used up to date and review the possible alternatives for this research field. Our focus will be mainly on ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo larval zebrafish models contributing to the 3R in epilepsy modeling and drug screening. We provide a description of pharmacological and genetic methods currently available but also on the possibilities offered by the continued development in gene editing methodologies, especially CRISPR/Cas9-based, for high-throughput disease modeling and anti-epileptic drugs testing.
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Omar NA, Kumar J, Teoh SL. Parkinson's disease model in zebrafish using intraperitoneal MPTP injection. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1236049. [PMID: 37694115 PMCID: PMC10485380 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1236049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease that severely affects the quality of life of patients and their family members. Exposure to 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) has been shown to reflect behavioral, molecular, and proteomic features of PD. This study aimed to assess the protocol for inducing PD following MPTP injection in adult zebrafish. Methods Fish were injected with 100 μg/g of MPTP intraperitoneally once or twice and then assessed on days 1 to 30 post-injection. Results Between one-time and two-time injections, there was no significant difference in most locomotor parameters, expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase-2 (th2) and dopamine transporter (dat) genes, and dopaminergic neurons (tyrosine hydroxylase positive, TH+ cells) counts. However, caspase-3 levels significantly differed between one- and two-time injections on the day 1 assessment. Discussion Over a 30-day period, the parameters showed significant differences in swimming speed, total distance traveled, tyrosine hydroxylase-1 (th1) and dat gene expressions, caspase-3 and glutathione protein levels, and TH+ cell counts. Days 3 and 5 showed the most changes compared to the control. In conclusion, a one-time injection of MPTP with delayed assessment on days 3 to 5 is a good PD model for animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Azzizah Omar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Altbürger C, Holzhauser J, Driever W. CRISPR/Cas9-based QF2 knock-in at the tyrosine hydroxylase ( th) locus reveals novel th-expressing neuron populations in the zebrafish mid- and hindbrain. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1196868. [PMID: 37603776 PMCID: PMC10433395 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1196868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Catecholaminergic neuron clusters are among the most conserved neuromodulatory systems in vertebrates, yet some clusters show significant evolutionary dynamics. Because of their disease relevance, special attention has been paid to mammalian midbrain dopaminergic systems, which have important functions in motor control, reward, motivation, and cognitive function. In contrast, midbrain dopaminergic neurons in teleosts were thought to be lost secondarily. Here, we generated a CRISPR/Cas9-based knock-in transgene at the th locus, which allows the expression of the Q-system transcription factor QF2 linked to the Tyrosine hydroxylase open reading frame by an E2A peptide. The QF2 knock-in allele still expresses Tyrosine hydroxylase in catecholaminergic neurons. Coexpression analysis of QF2 driven expression of QUAS fluorescent reporter transgenes and of th mRNA and Th protein revealed that essentially all reporter expressing cells also express Th/th. We also observed a small group of previously unidentified cells expressing the reporter gene in the midbrain and a larger group close to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. However, we detected no expression of the catecholaminergic markers ddc, slc6a3, or dbh in these neurons, suggesting that they are not actively transmitting catecholamines. The identified neurons in the midbrain are located in a GABAergic territory. A coexpression analysis with anatomical markers revealed that Th-expressing neurons in the midbrain are located in the tegmentum and those close to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary are located in the hindbrain. Our data suggest that zebrafish may still have some evolutionary remnants of midbrain dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Altbürger
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology I, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS and BIOSS - Centres for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Holzhauser
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology I, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Driever
- Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology I, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS and BIOSS - Centres for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Eugenin von Bernhardi J, Biechl D, Miek L, Herget U, Ryu S, Wullimann MF. A versatile transcription factor: Multiple roles of orthopedia a (otpa) beyond its restricted localization in dopaminergic systems of developing and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) brains. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2537-2561. [PMID: 35708548 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Many transcription factors boost neural development and differentiation in specific directions and serve for identifying similar or homologous structures across species. The expression of Orthopedia (Otp) is critical for the development of certain cell groups along the vertebrate neuraxis, for example, the medial amygdala or hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons. Therefore, the primary focus of the present study is the distribution of Orthopedia a (Otpa) in the larval and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain. Since Otpa is also critical for the development of zebrafish basal diencephalic dopaminergic cells, colocalization of Otpa with the catecholamine synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is studied. Cellular colocalization of Otpa and dopamine is only seen in magnocellular neurons of the periventricular posterior tubercular nucleus and in the posterior tuberal nucleus. Otpa-positive cells occur in many additional structures along the zebrafish neuraxis, from the secondary prosencephalon down to the hindbrain. Furthermore, Otpa expression is studied in shh-GFP and islet1-GFP transgenic zebrafish. Otpa-positive cells only express shh in dopaminergic magnocellular periventricular posterior tubercular cells, and only colocalize with islet1-GFP in the ventral zone and prerecess caudal periventricular hypothalamic zone and the perilemniscal nucleus. The scarcity of cellular colocalization of Otpa in islet1-GFP cells indicates that the Shh-islet1 neurogenetic pathway is not active in most Otpa-expressing domains. Our analysis reveals detailed correspondences between mouse and zebrafish forebrain territories including the zebrafish intermediate nucleus of the ventral telencephalon and the mouse medial amygdala. The zebrafish preoptic Otpa-positive domain represents the neuropeptidergic supraopto-paraventricular region of all tetrapods. Otpa domains in the zebrafish basal plate hypothalamus suggest that the ventral periventricular hypothalamic zone corresponds to the otp-expressing basal hypothalamic tuberal field in the mouse. Furthermore, the mouse otp domain in the mammillary hypothalamus compares partly to our Otpa-positive domain in the prerecess caudal periventricular hypothalamic zone (Hc-a).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Eugenin von Bernhardi
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, München, Bavaria, Germany.,The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins Univeristy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniela Biechl
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, München, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Laura Miek
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, München, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Ulrich Herget
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Soojin Ryu
- Living Systems Institute University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK.,College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Mario F Wullimann
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, München, Bavaria, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Agues-Barbosa T, da Silva Junior FC, Gomes-de-Lima JN, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR, Luchiari AC. Behavioral genetics of alcohol's effects in three zebrafish (Danio rerio) populations. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 114:110495. [PMID: 34915060 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is one of the most dangerous and serious problems for patients and society. Interpopulation studies are important in understanding how genetic background contributes to the effects of alcohol. In this study, we applied a chronic alcohol exposure protocol in three zebrafish populations (Danio rerio; both sexes; AB, TU, and outbred fish - OB). We analyzed the behavioral responses and mRNA expression involved in neurotransmitter metabolism - th1, tph1, ache, ada1, gaba1, gad1b, and bdnf. Locomotion patterns were similar between populations (increased speed after acute alcohol and unaltered locomotion after chronic and withdrawal treatments). All populations exhibited increased expression of genes associated with locomotion (th1, gad1b, and gaba1) after acute alcohol exposure. Anxiety-like responses increased in AB and TU fish during withdrawal and decreased in AB fish after acute alcohol exposure. Genes related to anxiety-like behavior (tph1 and ada1) were overexpressed in AB and TU fish after acute and withdrawal treatments, while OB fish exhibited unaltered responses. Bdnf levels decreased during withdrawal in AB and OB fish, while TU showed upregulated levels in both chronic and withdrawal treatments. Our results suggest that zebrafish populations respond differently to alcohol exposure, which may contribute to understanding the mechanisms underlying alcohol use and dependence. Moreover, we found that a more diverse genetic background (OB) was related to higher variability in behavioral and mRNA expression, demonstrating that inbred populations (AB and TU) may be useful tools in identifying alcohol use and abuse mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Agues-Barbosa
- Department of Physiology & Behavior, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Carolina Luchiari
- Department of Physiology & Behavior, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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de Souza MA, de Castro KK, Almeida-Neto FW, Bandeira PN, Ferreira MK, Marinho MM, da Rocha MN, de Brito DH, Mendes FRDS, Rodrigues TH, de Oliveira MR, de Menezes JE, Barreto AC, Marinho ES, de Lima-Neto P, dos Santos HS, Teixeira AM. Structural and spectroscopic analysis, ADMET study, and anxiolytic-like effect in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) of 4′-[(1E,2E)-1-(2-(2′,4′-dinitrophenyl)hydrazone-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)allyl)aniline. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Maina JN, Icardo JM, Zaccone G, Aragona M, Lauriano ER, Alesci A, Albano M, Guerrera MC, Germana A, Fernandes JMO, Kiron V, Capillo G. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of the immune cell system and epithelial surfaces of the respiratory organs in the bimodally-breathing African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:3212-3229. [PMID: 35142056 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ach, represents the old neurotransmitter in central and peripheral nervous system. Its muscarinic and nicotinic receptors (mAChRs and nAChRs) constitute an independent cholinergic system that is found in immune cells and playsa key role in regulation of the immune function and cytokine production. Gas exchanging surfaces of the gills and air-breathing organs (ABOs) of the sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus were investigated using ultrastructural and confocal immunofluorescence techniques. This study was predominantly focused on the structure of the immune cell types, the expression of their neurotransmitters, including the antimicrobial peptide piscidin 1, and the functional significance of respiratory gas exchange epithelia. A network of immune cells (monocytes, eosinophils, and mast cells) was observed in the gill and theABO epithelia. Eosinophils containing 5HT immunoreactivity were seen in close association with mast cells expressing acetylcholine (Ach), 5HT, nNOS and piscidin 1. A rich and dense cholinergic innervation dispersing across the islet capillaries of the gas exchange barrier, and the localization of Ach in the squamous pavement cells covering the capillaries, were evidenced byVAChT antibodies.We report for the first time that piscidin 1(Pis 1) positive mast cells interact with Pis 1 positive nerves found in the epithelia of the respiratory organs.Pis 1 immunoreactivity was also observed in the covering respiratory epithelium of the ABOs and associated with a role in local mucosal immune defense . The above results anticipate future studies on the neuro-immune interactions at mucosal barrier surfaces, like the gill and the skin of fish, areas densely populated by different immune cells and sensory nerves that constantly sense and adapt to tissue-specific environmental challenges. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Ndegwa Maina
- Department of Zoology, Auckland Park Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jose Manuel Icardo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Giacomo Zaccone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Albano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Guerrera
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Germana
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, University of Messina, Italy
| | | | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Gioele Capillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, University of Messina, Italy.,Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM) , National Research Council (CNR), Section of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Larbalestier H, Keatinge M, Watson L, White E, Gowda S, Wei W, Koler K, Semenova SA, Elkin AM, Rimmer N, Sweeney ST, Mazzolini J, Sieger D, Hide W, McDearmid J, Panula P, MacDonald RB, Bandmann O. GCH1 Deficiency Activates Brain Innate Immune Response and Impairs Tyrosine Hydroxylase Homeostasis. J Neurosci 2022; 42:702-716. [PMID: 34876467 PMCID: PMC8805627 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0653-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Parkinson's disease (PD) risk gene GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, an essential cofactor in the synthesis of monoaminergic neurotransmitters. To investigate the mechanisms by which GCH1 deficiency may contribute to PD, we generated a loss of function zebrafish gch1 mutant (gch1-/-), using CRISPR/Cas technology. gch1-/- zebrafish develop marked monoaminergic neurotransmitter deficiencies by 5 d postfertilization (dpf), movement deficits by 8 dpf and lethality by 12 dpf. Tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) protein levels were markedly reduced without loss of ascending dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. L-DOPA treatment of gch1-/- larvae improved survival without ameliorating the motor phenotype. RNAseq of gch1-/- larval brain tissue identified highly upregulated transcripts involved in innate immune response. Subsequent experiments provided morphologic and functional evidence of microglial activation in gch1-/- The results of our study suggest that GCH1 deficiency may unmask early, subclinical parkinsonism and only indirectly contribute to neuronal cell death via immune-mediated mechanisms. Our work highlights the importance of functional validation for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) risk factors and further emphasizes the important role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Genome-wide association studies have now identified at least 90 genetic risk factors for sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). Zebrafish are an ideal tool to determine the mechanistic role of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) risk genes in a vertebrate animal model. The discovery of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) as a genetic risk factor for PD was counterintuitive, GCH1 is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of dopamine (DA), mutations had previously been described in the non-neurodegenerative movement disorder dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD). Rather than causing DAergic cell death (as previously hypothesized by others), we now demonstrate that GCH1 impairs tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) homeostasis and activates innate immune mechanisms in the brain and provide evidence of microglial activation and phagocytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Larbalestier
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Keatinge
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Watson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Emma White
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Siri Gowda
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Katjusa Koler
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Svetlana A Semenova
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, 00014
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Adam M Elkin
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Neal Rimmer
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Sean T Sweeney
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Mazzolini
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Sieger
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Winston Hide
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jonathan McDearmid
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Pertti Panula
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, 00014
| | - Ryan B MacDonald
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Bandmann
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
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12
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Sveinsdóttir HS, Decker A, Christensen C, Lucena PB, Þorsteinsson H, Richert E, Maier VH, Cornell R, Karlsson KÆ. Motility phenotype in a zebrafish vmat2 mutant. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0259753. [PMID: 34986152 PMCID: PMC8730441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we characterize a novel zebrafish mutant of solute carrier 18A2 (slc18a2), also known as vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (vmat2), that exhibits a behavioural phenotype partially consistent with human Parkinson´s disease. At six days-post-fertilization, behaviour was analysed and demonstrated that vmat2 homozygous mutant larvae, relative to wild types, show changes in motility in a photomotor assay, altered sleep parameters, and reduced dopamine cell number. Following an abrupt lights-off stimulus mutant larvae initiate larger movements but subsequently inhibit them to a lesser extent in comparison to wild-type larvae. Conversely, during a lights-on period, the mutant larvae are hypomotile. Thigmotaxis, a preference to avoid the centre of a behavioural arena, was increased in homozygotes over heterozygotes and wild types, as was daytime sleep ratio. Furthermore, incubating mutant larvae in pramipexole or L-Dopa partially rescued the motor phenotypes, as did injecting glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) into their brains. This novel vmat2 model represents a tool for high throughput pharmaceutical screens for novel therapeutics, in particular those that increase monoamine transport, and for studies of the function of monoamine transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Decker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Elena Richert
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Psychology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | - Robert Cornell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Karl Ægir Karlsson
- 3Z, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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13
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Baronio D, Chen YC, Decker AR, Enckell L, Fernández-López B, Semenova S, Puttonen HAJ, Cornell RA, Panula P. Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (SLC18A2) regulates monoamine turnover and brain development in zebrafish. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13725. [PMID: 34403568 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed at identifying potential roles of vesicular monoamine transporter 2, also known as Solute Carrier protein 18 A2 (SLC18A2) (hereafter, Vmat2), in brain monoamine regulation, their turnover, behaviour and brain development using a novel zebrafish model. METHODS A zebrafish strain lacking functional Vmat2 was generated with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Larval behaviour and heart rate were monitored. Monoamines and their metabolites were analysed with high-pressure liquid chromatography. Amine synthesising and degrading enzymes, and genes essential for brain development, were analysed with quantitative PCR, in situ hybridisation and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS The 5-bp deletion in exon 3 caused an early frameshift and was lethal within 2 weeks post-fertilisation. Homozygous mutants (hereafter, mutants) displayed normal low locomotor activity during night-time but aberrant response to illumination changes. In mutants dopamine, noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and histamine levels were reduced, whereas levels of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolites were increased, implying elevated monoamine turnover. Consistently, there were fewer histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine immunoreactive cells. Cellular dopamine immunostaining, in wild-type larvae more prominent in tyrosine hydroxylase 1 (Th1)-expressing than in Th2-expressing neurons, was absent in mutants. Despite reduced dopamine levels, mutants presented upregulated dopamine-synthesising enzymes. Further, in mutants the number of histidine decarboxylase-expressing neurons was increased, notch1a and pax2a were downregulated in brain proliferative zones. CONCLUSION Lack of Vmat2 increases monoamine turnover and upregulates genes encoding amine-synthesising enzymes, including histidine decarboxylase. Notch1a and pax2a, genes implicated in stem cell development, are downregulated in mutants. The zebrafish vmat2 mutant strain may be a useful model to study how monoamine transport affects brain development and function, and for use in drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Baronio
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yu-Chia Chen
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Amanda R Decker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Louise Enckell
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Robert A Cornell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Pertti Panula
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Baronio D, Chen YC, Panula P. Abnormal brain development of monoamine oxidase mutant zebrafish and impaired social interaction of heterozygous fish. Dis Model Mech 2021; 15:273667. [PMID: 34881779 PMCID: PMC8891935 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) deficiency and imbalanced levels of brain monoamines have been associated with developmental delay, neuropsychiatric disorders and aggressive behavior. Animal models are valuable tools to gain mechanistic insight into outcomes associated with MAO deficiency. Here, we report a novel genetic model to study the effects of mao loss of function in zebrafish. Quantitative PCR, in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry were used to study neurotransmitter systems and expression of relevant genes for brain development in zebrafish mao mutants. Larval and adult fish behavior was evaluated through different tests. Stronger serotonin immunoreactivity was detected in mao+/− and mao−/− larvae compared with their mao+/+ siblings. mao−/− larvae were hypoactive, and presented decreased reactions to visual and acoustic stimuli. They also had impaired histaminergic and dopaminergic systems, abnormal expression of developmental markers and died within 20 days post-fertilization. mao+/− fish were viable, grew until adulthood, and demonstrated anxiety-like behavior and impaired social interactions compared with adult mao+/+ siblings. Our results indicate that mao−/− and mao+/− mutants could be promising tools to study the roles of MAO in brain development and behavior. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: We assessed developmental, neurochemical and behavioral alterations displayed by mao+/− and mao−/− zebrafish, establishing that these model organisms are promising tools to study the consequences of MAOA/B deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Baronio
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yu-Chia Chen
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pertti Panula
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Influence of Incorporation of Different d n-Electron Metal Cations into Biologically Active System on Its Biological and Physicochemical Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312909. [PMID: 34884712 PMCID: PMC8657940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new compounds, namely [HL]2+[CuCl4]2-, [HL]2+[ZnCl4]2-, and [HL]2+[CdCl4]2- (where L: imipramine) were synthesized and their physicochemical and biological properties were thoroughly investigated. All three compounds form isostructural, crystalline systems, which have been studied using Single-Crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (SC-XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The thermal stability was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and melting points for all compounds have been determined. Magnetic measurements were performed in order to study the magnetic properties of the compounds. The above mentioned techniques allowed us to comprehensively examine the physicochemical properties of the newly obtained compounds. The biological activity was investigated using the number of Zebrafish tests, as it is one of the most common models for studying the impact of newly synthesized compounds on the central nervous system (CNS), since this model is very similar to the human CNS.
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16
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The Histamine System in Zebrafish Brain: Organization, Receptors, and Behavioral Roles. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 59:291-302. [PMID: 34761361 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Three of the four histamine receptors have been identified in zebrafish. Whereas only one histamine receptor 1 gene (hrh1) is known, two copies of histamine receptor 2 (hrh2a and hrh2b) have been identified. Although initially only one gene encoding for histamine receptor 3 (hrh3) was recognized in zebrafish, the genome database contains information for two more hrh3-like genes, whereas no genes corresponding for histamine receptor 4 with expression mainly in the immune system have been identified. Hrh1 and hrh3 show prominent uneven expression in the zebrafish brain, with the strongest expression in the dorsal telencephalon. Quantitatively significant expression of hrh1, hrh2, and hrh3 can also be found in several peripheral organs. Whereas antagonists of hrh1, hrh2, and hrh3 all affect the locomotor activity of zebrafish larvae, interpretation of the data is hampered by a lack of information on receptor binding and signaling characteristics. Zebrafish mutants lacking any of the three histamine receptors have shown modest behavioral phenotypes, possibly due to genetic compensation. None of the receptor mutant fish have shown significant sleep phenotypes. Adult zebrafish lacking hrh3 display decreased locomotor activity. The zebrafish histamine system shows significant life-long plasticity: presenilin 1 mutant zebrafish develop an abnormally large number of histamine neurons and increased thigmotaxis and anxiety-related phenotype. Overexpression of histidine decarboxylase (hdc) in larval zebrafish is associated with an increased number of hypocretin neurons, whereas translation inhibition of hdc or exposure to α-fluoromethylhistidine leads to decreased numbers of hypocretin neurons. Current pharmacological evidence suggests that this may be mediated by hrh1. Further studies using acute, e.g., pharmacogenetic or optogenetic manipulation of selected components of brain circuits, are required to understand the full range of physiological functions of zebrafish histamine receptors.
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17
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Suzzi S, Ahrendt R, Hans S, Semenova SA, Chekuru A, Wirsching P, Kroehne V, Bilican S, Sayed S, Winkler S, Spieß S, Machate A, Kaslin J, Panula P, Brand M. Deletion of lrrk2 causes early developmental abnormalities and age-dependent increase of monoamine catabolism in the zebrafish brain. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009794. [PMID: 34516550 PMCID: PMC8459977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
LRRK2 gain-of-function is considered a major cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) in humans. However, pathogenicity of LRRK2 loss-of-function in animal models is controversial. Here we show that deletion of the entire zebrafish lrrk2 locus elicits a pleomorphic transient brain phenotype in maternal-zygotic mutant embryos (mzLrrk2). In contrast to lrrk2, the paralog gene lrrk1 is virtually not expressed in the brain of both wild-type and mzLrrk2 fish at different developmental stages. Notably, we found reduced catecholaminergic neurons, the main target of PD, in specific cell populations in the brains of mzLrrk2 larvae, but not adult fish. Strikingly, age-dependent accumulation of monoamine oxidase (MAO)-dependent catabolic signatures within mzLrrk2 brains revealed a previously undescribed interaction between LRRK2 and MAO biological activities. Our results highlight mzLrrk2 zebrafish as a tractable tool to study LRRK2 loss-of-function in vivo, and suggest a link between LRRK2 and MAO, potentially of relevance in the prodromic stages of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Suzzi
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Reiner Ahrendt
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Hans
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Svetlana A. Semenova
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Avinash Chekuru
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul Wirsching
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Kroehne
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Saygın Bilican
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shady Sayed
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sylke Winkler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Spieß
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Machate
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Kaslin
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pertti Panula
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Brand
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
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18
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Neu1 deficiency induces abnormal emotional behavior in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13477. [PMID: 34188220 PMCID: PMC8241872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92778-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NEU1 sialidase hydrolyzes sialic acids from glycoconjugates in lysosomes. Deficiency of NEU1 causes sialidosis with symptoms including facial dysmorphism, bone dysplasia, and neurodegeneration. However, the effects of NEU1 deficiency on emotional activity have not been explored. Here, we conducted the behavioral analysis using Neu1-knockout zebrafish (Neu1-KO). Neu1-KO zebrafish showed normal swimming similar to wild-type zebrafish (WT), whereas shoaling was decreased and accompanied by greater inter-fish distance than WT zebrafish. The aggression test showed a reduced aggressive behavior in Neu1-KO zebrafish than in WT zebrafish. In the mirror and 3-chambers test, Neu1-KO zebrafish showed more interest toward the opponent in the mirror and multiple unfamiliar zebrafish, respectively, than WT zebrafish. Furthermore, Neu1-KO zebrafish also showed increased interaction with different fish species, whereas WT zebrafish avoided them. In the black-white preference test, Neu1-KO zebrafish showed an abnormal preference for the white region, whereas WT zebrafish preferred the black region. Neu1-KO zebrafish were characterized by a downregulation of the anxiety-related genes of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and upregulation of lamp1a, an activator of lysosomal exocytosis, with their brains accumulating several sphingoglycolipids. This study revealed that Neu1 deficiency caused abnormal emotional behavior in zebrafish, possibly due to neuronal dysfunction induced by lysosomal exocytosis.
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19
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Fan E, Xu Z, Yan J, Wang F, Sun S, Zhang Y, Zheng S, Wang X, Rao Y. Acute exposure to N-Ethylpentylone induces developmental toxicity and dopaminergic receptor-regulated aberrances in zebrafish larvae. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 417:115477. [PMID: 33667508 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
N-Ethylpentylone (NEP) is one of the most recent novel stimulants, and there is limited understanding of its toxicity. Here we employed zebrafish model for analyzing the effects of NEP on early embryos and cardiovascular and nervous systems at late developmental stages. We first observed multi-malformations in early embryos and larvae after NEP administration, together with significant deregulations of brain and heart development-associated genes (neurog1, her6, elavl3, nkx2.5, nppa, nppb, tnnt2a) at transcriptional level. Low-dosed NEP treatment induced an anxiety-like phenotype in zebrafish larvae, while higher doses of NEP exerted an inhibitory effect on locomotion and heart rate. Besides, the expression of th (tyrosine hydroxylase) and th2 (tyrosine hydroxylase 2), identifying dopamine (DA) release, were significantly increased during one-hour free swimming after effective low-dosed NEP administration, along with the upregulation of gene fosab and fosb related to stress and anxiety response. D1R antagonist SCH23390 and D2R antagonist sulpiride partially alleviated the aberrances of locomotion and heart rate, indicating dopaminergic receptors were involved in the bidirectional dosage-dependent pattern of NEP-induced performance. Meanwhile, sulpiride offset the upregulated expression of th, th2 and fosab in the group of 1.5 μM NEP, which highlighted the significant role of D2R in NEP-induced locomotive effects. This study systematically described the developmental, neuronal and cardiac toxicity of NEP in zebrafish, and identified the dopaminergic receptors as one of the downstream effectors of NEP administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enshan Fan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Zhiru Xu
- State Key Lab. of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, PR China
| | - Fanglin Wang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Shaoyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, PR China
| | - Shuiqing Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China; Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Yulan Rao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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20
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Xavier JDC, Almeida-Neto FWQ, da Silva PT, Marinho ES, Ferreira MKA, Magalhães FEA, Nogueira CES, Bandeira PN, de Menezes JESA, Teixeira AMR, Santos HSD. Structural characterization, electronic properties, and anxiolytic-like effect in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) of cinnamaldehyde chalcone. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Shen C, Zuo Z. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an excellent vertebrate model for the development, reproductive, cardiovascular, and neural and ocular development toxicity study of hazardous chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43599-43614. [PMID: 32970263 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10800-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, the type of chemicals has gradually increased all over the world, and many of these chemicals may have a potentially toxic effect on human health. The zebrafish, as an excellent vertebrate model, is increasingly used for assessing chemical toxicity and safety. This review summarizes the efficacy of zebrafish as a model for the study of developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, neurodevelopmental toxicity, and ocular developmental toxicity of hazardous chemicals, and the transgenic zebrafish as biosensors are used to detect the environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiamen, 361002, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiamen, 361002, Fujian, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, Fujian, China.
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Najib NH, Nies YH, Abd Halim SA, Yahaya MF, Das S, Lim WL, Teoh SL. Modeling Parkinson’s Disease in Zebrafish. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:386-399. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200708124117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders that affects
the motor system, and includes cardinal motor symptoms such as resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity,
bradykinesia and postural instability. Its prevalence is increasing worldwide due to the increase in
life span. Although, two centuries since the first description of the disease, no proper cure with regard
to treatment strategies and control of symptoms could be reached. One of the major challenges faced
by the researchers is to have a suitable research model. Rodents are the most common PD models
used, but no single model can replicate the true nature of PD. In this review, we aim to discuss another
animal model, the zebrafish (Danio rerio), which is gaining popularity. Zebrafish brain has all the major
structures found in the mammalian brain, with neurotransmitter systems, and it also possesses a
functional blood-brain barrier similar to humans. From the perspective of PD research, the zebrafish
possesses the ventral diencephalon, which is thought to be homologous to the mammalian substantia
nigra. We summarize the various zebrafish models available to study PD, namely chemical-induced
and genetic models. The zebrafish can complement the use of other animal models for the mechanistic
study of PD and help in the screening of new potential therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor H.M. Najib
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yong H. Nies
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syarifah A.S. Abd Halim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad F. Yahaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei L. Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seong L. Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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23
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Vijayanathan Y, Lim SM, Tan MP, Lim FT, Majeed ABA, Ramasamy K. Adult Endogenous Dopaminergic Neuroregeneration Against Parkinson's Disease: Ideal Animal Models? Neurotox Res 2020; 39:504-532. [PMID: 33141428 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. The etiology of PD remains an enigma with no available disease modifying treatment or cure. Pharmacological compensation is the only quality of life improving treatments available. Endogenous dopaminergic neuroregeneration has recently been considered a plausible therapeutic strategy for PD. However, researchers have to first decipher the complexity of adult endogenous neuroregeneration. This raises the need of animal models to understand the underlying molecular basis. Mammalian models with highly conserved genetic homology might aid researchers to identify specific molecular mechanisms. However, the scarcity of adult neuroregeneration potential in mammals obfuscates such investigations. Nowadays, non-mammalian models are gaining popularity due to their explicit ability to neuroregenerate naturally without the need of external enhancements, yet these non-mammals have a much diverse gene homology that critical molecular signals might not be conserved across species. The present review highlights the advantages and disadvantages of both mammalian and non-mammalian animal models that can be essentially used to study the potential of endogenous DpN regeneration against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuganthini Vijayanathan
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Maw Pin Tan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fei Ting Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Cerebral Dopamine Neurotrophic Factor Regulates Multiple Neuronal Subtypes and Behavior. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6146-6164. [PMID: 32631936 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2636-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) protects dopaminergic neurons against toxic damage in the rodent brain and is in clinical trials to treat Parkinson's disease patients. Yet the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. To examine its significance for neural circuits and behavior, we examined the development of neurotransmitter systems from larval to male adult mutant zebrafish lacking cdnf Although a lack of cdnf did not affect overall brain dopamine levels, dopaminergic neuronal clusters showed significant abnormalities. The number of histamine neurons that surround the dopaminergic neurons was significantly reduced. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase 2 in the brain was elevated in cdnf mutants throughout their lifespan. There were abnormally few GABA neurons in the hypothalamus in the mutant larvae, and expression of glutamate decarboxylase was reduced throughout the brain. cdnf mutant adults showed a range of behavioral phenotypes, including increased sensitivity to pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. Shoaling behavior of mutant adults was abnormal, and they did not display social attraction to conspecifics. CDNF plays a profound role in shaping the neurotransmitter circuit structure, seizure susceptibility, and complex behaviors in zebrafish. These findings are informative for dissecting the diverse functions of this poorly understood factor in human conditions related to Parkinson's disease and complex behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A zebrafish lacking cdnf grows normally and shows no overt morphologic phenotype throughout the life span. Remarkably, impaired social cohesion and increased seizure susceptibility were found in adult cdnf KO fish conceivably associated with significant changes of dopaminergic, GABAergic, and histaminergic systems in selective brain areas. These findings suggest that cdnf has broad effects on regulating neurogenesis and maturation of transmitter-specific neuronal types during development and throughout adulthood, rather than ones restricted to the dopaminergic systems.
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25
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Rosner E, Chagnaud BP, Wullimann MF. Serotonin systems in three socially communicating teleost species, the grunting toadfish (Allenbatrachus grunniens), a South American marine catfish (Ariopsis seemanni), and the upside-down catfish (Synodontis nigriventris). J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 104:101708. [PMID: 31705955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated immunohistochemically the distribution of serotonergic cell populations in three teleost species (one toadfish, Allenbatrachus grunniens, and two catfishes, Synodontis nigriventris and Ariopsis seemanni). All three species exhibited large populations of 5-HT positive neurons in the paraventricular organ (PVO) and the dorsal (Hd) and caudal (Hc) periventricular hypothalamic zones, plus a smaller one in the periventricular pretectum, a few cells in the pineal stalk, and - only in catfishes - in the preoptic region. Furthermore, the rhombencephalic superior and inferior raphe always contained ample serotonergic cells. In each species, a neuronal mass extended into the hypothalamic lateral recess. Only in the toadfish, did this intraventricular structure contain serotonergic cells and arise from Hd, whereas in the catfishes it emerged from medially and represents the dorsal tuberal nucleus seen in other catfishes as well. Serotonergic cells in PVO, Hd and Hc were liquor-contacting. Those of the PVO extended into the midline area of the periventricular posterior tubercular nucleus in both catfishes. Dopaminergic, liquor-contacting neurons were additionally investigated using an antibody against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in S. nigriventris showing that TH was never co-localized with serotonin. Because TH antibodies are known to reveal mostly or only the TH1 enzyme, we hypothesize that th1-expressing dopamine cells (unlike th2-expressing ones) do not co-localize with serotonin. Since the three investigated species engage in social communication using swim bladder associated musculature, we investigated the serotonergic innervation of the hindbrain vocal or electromotor nuclei initiating the social signal. We found in all three species serotonergic fibers seemingly originating from close-by serotonergic neurons of inferior raphe or anterior spinal cord. Minor differences appear to be rather species-specific than dependent on the type of social communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Rosner
- Department Biologie II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Boris P Chagnaud
- Institute for Biology, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Mario F Wullimann
- Department Biologie II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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26
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Mak CW, Ching-Fong Yeung K, Chan KM. Acute toxic effects of polyethylene microplastic on adult zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109442. [PMID: 31352214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To identify the physical effects, behavioral changes, and gene expression profiles of the phase 1 detoxification-related gene (cyp 1a) and oogenesis-related gene (vtg 1) induced by microplastics, high-density polyethylene microplastics of various sizes were used because of their dominance in coastal areas and effluent samples in Hong Kong. Adult zebrafish were used as the model organism to identify the upper and lower boundaries of microplastics ingestion and were exposed to individual polyethylene microplastics in five size ranges (10-22 μm, 45-53 μm, 90-106 μm, 212-250 μm, and 500-600 μm) at a concentration of 2 mg/L for 96 h. To study behavioral changes and targeted gene expression profiles via real-time PCR (qPCR), a mixture of microplastics in three size ranges at effluent-related (11 particles/L), moderate (110 particles/L), and high concentrations (1,100 particles/L) were applied for 96 h. The zebrafish behavior was recorded by a video camera and by two observers (interrater reliability, >85%). The results implied that the upper and lower size boundaries for microplastic ingestion were 558.4 ± 26.2 μm (yellow) and 19.7 ± 3.1 μm (red), respectively. In addition, 61 ± 10% of fish in medium concentration treatments and 61 ± 10% of fish in high concentration treatments were found with the microplastic ingestion and remaining in their intestine. In addition, 28 ± 10% of fish in high concentration treatments were found with microplastic retaining in their gills (No. of fishes = 18 in each treatment). The presence of microplastics, which occupied 89 ± 6% of intestine area, reduced the voids inside the intestine for feed. The expression of cyp1a in the intestine (medium concentration) and vtg1 in the liver (medium and high concentration) showed significant up-regulation, and abnormal behavior (i.e., seizures and tail bent downward) was observed (medium and high concentration). In summary, the effects on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway, disruption of the oogenesis process, and neurotoxicity could be caused by acute exposure of adult zebrafish to microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Wa Mak
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | | | - King Ming Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong.
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Reuter I, Jäckels J, Kneitz S, Kuper J, Lesch KP, Lillesaar C. Fgf3 is crucial for the generation of monoaminergic cerebrospinal fluid contacting cells in zebrafish. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.040683. [PMID: 31036752 PMCID: PMC6602327 DOI: 10.1242/bio.040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In most vertebrates, including zebrafish, the hypothalamic serotonergic cerebrospinal fluid-contacting (CSF-c) cells constitute a prominent population. In contrast to the hindbrain serotonergic neurons, little is known about the development and function of these cells. Here, we identify fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)3 as the main Fgf ligand controlling the ontogeny of serotonergic CSF-c cells. We show that fgf3 positively regulates the number of serotonergic CSF-c cells, as well as a subset of dopaminergic and neuroendocrine cells in the posterior hypothalamus via control of proliferation and cell survival. Further, expression of the ETS-domain transcription factor etv5b is downregulated after fgf3 impairment. Previous findings identified etv5b as critical for the proliferation of serotonergic progenitors in the hypothalamus, and therefore we now suggest that Fgf3 acts via etv5b during early development to ultimately control the number of mature serotonergic CSF-c cells. Moreover, our analysis of the developing hypothalamic transcriptome shows that the expression of fgf3 is upregulated upon fgf3 loss-of-function, suggesting activation of a self-compensatory mechanism. Together, these results highlight Fgf3 in a novel context as part of a signalling pathway of critical importance for hypothalamic development. Summary: This study highlights Fgf3 in a novel context where it is part of a signalling pathway of critical importance for development of hypothalamic monoaminergic cells in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Reuter
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jana Jäckels
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Kneitz
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Kuper
- Structural Biology, Rudolf Virchow Center for Biomedical Research, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Lillesaar
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, Germany .,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
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Regeneration of Dopaminergic Neurons in Adult Zebrafish Depends on Immune System Activation and Differs for Distinct Populations. J Neurosci 2019; 39:4694-4713. [PMID: 30948475 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2706-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult zebrafish, in contrast to mammals, regenerate neurons in their brain, but the extent and variability of this capacity is unclear. Here we ask whether the loss of various dopaminergic neuron populations is sufficient to trigger their functional regeneration. Both sexes of zebrafish were analyzed. Genetic lineage tracing shows that specific diencephalic ependymo-radial glial (ERG) progenitor cells give rise to new dopaminergic [tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+)] neurons. Ablation elicits an immune response, increased proliferation of ERG progenitor cells, and increased addition of new TH+ neurons in populations that constitutively add new neurons (e.g., diencephalic population 5/6). Inhibiting the immune response attenuates neurogenesis to control levels. Boosting the immune response enhances ERG proliferation, but not addition of TH+ neurons. In contrast, in populations in which constitutive neurogenesis is undetectable (e.g., the posterior tuberculum and locus ceruleus), cell replacement and tissue integration are incomplete and transient. This is associated with a loss of spinal TH+ axons, as well as permanent deficits in shoaling and reproductive behavior. Hence, dopaminergic neuron populations in the adult zebrafish brain show vast differences in regenerative capacity that correlate with constitutive addition of neurons and depend on immune system activation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Despite the fact that zebrafish show a high propensity to regenerate neurons in the brain, this study reveals that not all types of dopaminergic neurons are functionally regenerated after specific ablation. Hence, in the same adult vertebrate brain, mechanisms of successful and incomplete regeneration can be studied. We identify progenitor cells for dopaminergic neurons and show that activating the immune system promotes the proliferation of these cells. However, in some areas of the brain this only leads to insufficient replacement of functionally important dopaminergic neurons that later disappear. Understanding the mechanisms of regeneration in zebrafish may inform interventions targeting the regeneration of functionally important neurons, such as dopaminergic neurons, from endogenous progenitor cells in nonregenerating mammals.
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29
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Neurotrophin receptor Ntrk2b function in the maintenance of dopamine and serotonin neurons in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2036. [PMID: 30765816 PMCID: PMC6375947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins and their receptors have highly conserved evolutionary lineage in vertebrates including zebrafish. The NTRK2 receptor has two isoforms in zebrafish, Ntrk2a and Ntrk2b. The spatio-temporal expression pattern of bdnf and ntrk2b in the zebrafish brain was studied using in situ hybridization. The robust and corresponding expression pattern of ntrk2b to bdnf suggests that ntrk2b is the key receptor for bdnf in the zebrafish brain, unlike its duplicate isoform ntrk2a. To study ntrk2b function, two different genetic strategies, the TILLING mutant and morpholino oligonucleotides (MO), were used. Specific subsets of the dopaminergic and serotonergic neuronal populations were affected in the mutants and morphants. The mutant showed anxiety- like behavior both in larval and adult stages. Our results consistently indicate that BDNF/NTRK2 signaling has a significant role in the development and maintenance of aminergic neuronal populations. Therefore, the ntrk2b-deficient zebrafish is well suited to study mechanisms relevant for psychiatric disorders attributed to a dysfunctional monoaminergic system.
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30
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Zebrafish: an emerging real-time model system to study Alzheimer's disease and neurospecific drug discovery. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:45. [PMID: 30302279 PMCID: PMC6170431 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as an increasingly successful model for translational research on human neurological disorders. In this review, we appraise the high degree of neurological and behavioural resemblance of zebrafish with humans. It is highly validated as a powerful vertebrate model for investigating human neurodegenerative diseases. The neuroanatomic and neurochemical pathways of zebrafish brain exhibit a profound resemblance with the human brain. Physiological, emotional and social behavioural pattern similarities between them have also been well established. Interestingly, zebrafish models have been used successfully to simulate the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as well as Tauopathy. Their relatively simple nervous system and the optical transparency of the embryos permit real-time neurological imaging. Here, we further elaborate on the use of recent real-time imaging techniques to obtain vital insights into the neurodegeneration that occurs in AD. Zebrafish is adeptly suitable for Ca2+ imaging, which provides a better understanding of neuronal activity and axonal dystrophy in a non-invasive manner. Three-dimensional imaging in zebrafish is a rapidly evolving technique, which allows the visualisation of the whole organism for an elaborate in vivo functional and neurophysiological analysis in disease condition. Suitability to high-throughput screening and similarity with humans makes zebrafish an excellent model for screening neurospecific compounds. Thus, the zebrafish model can be pivotal in bridging the gap from the bench to the bedside. This fish is becoming an increasingly successful model to understand AD with further scope for investigation in neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration, which promises exciting research opportunities in the future.
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31
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Mandic S, Volkoff H. The effects of fasting and appetite regulators on catecholamine and serotonin synthesis pathways in goldfish ( Carassius auratus ). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2018; 223:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Vaz RL, Outeiro TF, Ferreira JJ. Zebrafish as an Animal Model for Drug Discovery in Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders: A Systematic Review. Front Neurol 2018; 9:347. [PMID: 29910763 PMCID: PMC5992294 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement disorders can be primarily divided into hypokinetic and hyperkinetic. Most of the hypokinetic syndromes are associated with the neurodegenerative disorder Parkinson’s disease (PD). By contrast, hyperkinetic syndromes encompass a broader array of diseases, including dystonia, essential tremor, or Huntington’s disease. The discovery of effective therapies for these disorders has been challenging and has also involved the development and characterization of accurate animal models for the screening of new drugs. Zebrafish constitutes an alternative vertebrate model for the study of movement disorders. The neuronal circuitries involved in movement in zebrafish are well characterized, and most of the associated molecular mechanisms are highly conserved. Particularly, zebrafish models of PD have contributed to a better understanding of the role of several genes implicated in the disease. Furthermore, zebrafish is a vertebrate model particularly suited for large-scale drug screenings. The relatively small size of zebrafish, optical transparency, and lifecycle, are key characteristics that facilitate the study of multiple compounds at the same time. Several transgenic, knockdown, and mutant zebrafish lines have been generated and characterized. Therefore, it is central to critically analyze these zebrafish lines and understand their suitability as models of movement disorders. Here, we revise the pathogenic mechanisms, phenotypes, and responsiveness to pharmacotherapies of zebrafish lines of the most common movement disorders. A systematic review of the literature was conducted by including all studies reporting the characterization of zebrafish models of the movement disorders selected from five bibliographic databases. A total of 63 studies were analyzed, and the most relevant data within the scope of this review were gathered. The majority (62%) of the studies were focused in the characterization of zebrafish models of PD. Overall, the zebrafish models included display conserved biochemical and neurobehavioral features of the phenomenology in humans. Nevertheless, in light of what is known for all animal models available, the use of zebrafish as a model for drug discovery requires further optimization. Future technological developments alongside with a deeper understanding of the molecular bases of these disorders should enable the development of novel zebrafish lines that can prove useful for drug discovery for movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita L Vaz
- TechnoPhage, SA, Lisboa, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,The Medical School, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Joaquim J Ferreira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,CNS-Campus Neurológico Sénior, Torres Vedras, Portugal
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33
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Fernandes Y, Buckley DM, Eberhart JK. Diving into the world of alcohol teratogenesis: a review of zebrafish models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:88-97. [PMID: 28817785 PMCID: PMC7413215 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The term fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) refers to the entire suite of deleterious outcomes resulting from embryonic exposure to alcohol. Along with other reviews in this special issue, we provide insight into how animal models, specifically the zebrafish, have informed our understanding of FASD. We first provide a brief introduction to FASD. We discuss the zebrafish as a model organism and its strengths for alcohol research. We detail how zebrafish has been used to model some of the major defects present in FASD. These include behavioral defects, such as social behavior as well as learning and memory, and structural defects, disrupting organs such as the brain, sensory organs, heart, and craniofacial skeleton. We provide insights into how zebrafish research has aided in our understanding of the mechanisms of ethanol teratogenesis. We end by providing some relatively recent advances that zebrafish has provided in characterizing gene-ethanol interactions that may underlie FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohaan Fernandes
- Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78713, USA
- Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78713, USA
| | - Desire M Buckley
- Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78713, USA
- Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78713, USA
| | - Johann K Eberhart
- Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78713, USA
- Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78713, USA
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34
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Pieróg M, Guz L, Doboszewska U, Poleszak E, Wlaź P. Effects of alprazolam treatment on anxiety-like behavior induced by color stimulation in adult zebrafish. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 82:297-306. [PMID: 28867392 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that the use of certain stimuli can lead to anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish. Moreover, visual stimulation of zebrafish is becoming a popular tool. Here we evaluated the effects of six colors combinations and alprazolam, a benzodiazepine which is widely used in the treatment of anxiety disorders, on the behavior of adult zebrafish in a two-chambered apparatus, which chambers were illuminated by red/yellow, green/blue, red/green, green/yellow, red/blue and blue/yellow light. The following parameters were measured: time spent in the zone, number of entries to the zone, time of freezing, distance traveled and average speed in the zone. We report that the adult zebrafish spent more time in the red zone compared to yellow or green as well as in the yellow or blue compared to green. The zebrafish displayed a concomitant increase in time freezing in the red zone compared to yellow or green as well as in the yellow or blue compared to green. Moreover, average speed was decreased in the red zone compared to yellow or green and in the yellow zone compared to green. Treatment with alprazolam significantly affected the behavior of the zebrafish, e.g., following alprazolam administration time spent in the zone and time freezing were longer in the green zone than in red. Based on these observations, we suggest that light color combinations could be effective to manipulate zebrafish behavior and could be useful in neuropsychopharmacological studies, perhaps to study anxiety-like behavior and the effects of anxiolytic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Pieróg
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Leszek Guz
- Department of Fish Diseases and Biology, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Doboszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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35
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Puttonen HAJ, Sundvik M, Semenova S, Shirai Y, Chen YC, Panula P. Knockout of histamine receptor H3 alters adaptation to sudden darkness and monoamine levels in the zebrafish. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 222. [PMID: 29044927 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Histamine receptor H3 (HRH3) has substantial neuropharmacological potential. Currently, knockout models of this receptor have been investigated only in mice. We characterized the expression of this receptor in the zebrafish and generated a zebrafish HRH3 knockout line. Using this model, we studied the role of HRH3 in important behaviours. We also analysed the effect of HRH3 knockout on monoaminergic systems, which has not been thoroughly studied in any animal model. METHODS Generation of a mutant zebrafish line using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Analysis of locomotor and social behaviour. Expression of HRH3 was characterized using in situ hybridization. Analysis of monoamine networks using HPLC, immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR. RESULTS We found that HRH3 knockout zebrafish larvae showed a shorter period of increased locomotion after a sudden onset of darkness, while the knockout larvae had a wild-type-like acute response to sudden darkness. Adult knockout fish showed decreased swimming velocity, although locomotor activity of knockout larvae was unaltered. Additionally, levels of dopamine and serotonin were significantly decreased in the knockout fish, while monoamine-related gene expression and immunohistochemistry patterns were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that HRH3 knockout larvae adapt faster to sudden darkness, suggesting a role for this receptor in regulating responses to changes in the environment. The decreased levels of dopamine and serotonin provide the first direct evidence that knockout of HRH3 alters these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. A. J. Puttonen
- Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - M. Sundvik
- Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - S. Semenova
- Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Y. Shirai
- Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Y-C. Chen
- Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - P. Panula
- Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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36
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Conserved Upstream Regulatory Regions in Mammalian Tyrosine Hydroxylase. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7340-7351. [PMID: 29404959 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis, and the regulation of its transcription is critical for the specification and maintenance of catecholaminergic neuron phenotypes. For many genes, regulatory genomic DNA sequences that are upstream of the proximal promoter control expression levels as well as region-specific expression patterns. The regulatory architecture of the genomic DNA upstream of the Th proximal promoter, however, is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the 11 kb upstream nucleotide sequence of Th from nine mammalian species and identified five highly conserved regions. Using cultured human cells and mouse olfactory bulb tissue, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays show that these conserved regions recruit transcription factors that are established regulators of Th transcription (such as NURR1, PITX3, FOXA2, MEIS2, and PAX6). This analysis also identified a conserved binding site for CTCF, and functional studies in cultured human cells and ChIP assays with mouse tissue show that CTCF is a novel regulator of Th transcription in the forebrain. Together, the findings in this study provide key insights into the upstream regulatory genomic architecture and regulatory mechanisms controlling mammalian Th gene transcription.
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37
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Tanaka Y, Fujiwara M, Shindo A, Yin G, Kitazawa T, Teraoka H. Aroclor 1254 and BDE-47 inhibit dopaminergic function manifesting as changes in locomotion behaviors in zebrafish embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:1207-1215. [PMID: 29874750 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Contamination with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the environment is a major concern due to their persistent bioaccumulative toxicity that can disturb neurobehavioral functions including movements. Recently, it was reported that some PBDE including BDE-47 stimulates locomotor activities of zebrafish embryos by unknown mechanism. In this study, motor movements of the zebrafish embryo were used as a model system to evaluate the neuronal toxicity of a non-coplanar PCB-dominant mixture (Aroclor 1254) and BDE-47. Both organohalogens increased tail shaking and rotation of embryos in a concentration-dependent manner. Chemical inhibition and gene knock-down of tyrosine hydroxylase and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) also induced hyperactivities. Hyperactivities induced by these treatments were all inhibited by supplementation of l-tyrosine and l-dopa, precursors of dopamine synthesis. Both organohalogens reduced dopamine contents and increased the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)/dopamine ratio in whole embryos. The results suggest that functional inhibition of dopaminergic neurons is involved in hyperactivities of zebrafish embryos caused by Aroclor 1254 and BDE-47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Tanaka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan
| | - Mari Fujiwara
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan
| | - Asako Shindo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan; Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Science, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Guojun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Takio Kitazawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Teraoka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan.
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38
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Dudczig S, Currie PD, Jusuf PR. Developmental and adult characterization of secretagogin expressing amacrine cells in zebrafish retina. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185107. [PMID: 28949993 PMCID: PMC5614429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium binding proteins show stereotypical expression patterns within diverse neuron types across the central nervous system. Here, we provide a characterization of developmental and adult secretagogin-immunolabelled neurons in the zebrafish retina with an emphasis on co-expression of multiple calcium binding proteins. Secretagogin is a recently identified and cloned member of the F-hand family of calcium binding proteins, which labels distinct neuron populations in the retinas of mammalian vertebrates. Both the adult distribution of secretagogin labeled retinal neurons as well as the developmental expression indicative of the stage of neurogenesis during which this calcium binding protein is expressed was quantified. Secretagogin expression was confined to an amacrine interneuron population in the inner nuclear layer, with monostratified neurites in the center of the inner plexiform layer and a relatively regular soma distribution (regularity index > 2.5 across central–peripheral areas). However, only a subpopulation (~60%) co-labeled with gamma-aminobutyric acid as their neurotransmitter, suggesting that possibly two amacrine subtypes are secretagogin immunoreactive. Quantitative co-labeling analysis with other known amacrine subtype markers including the three main calcium binding proteins parvalbumin, calbindin and calretinin identifies secretagogin immunoreactive neurons as a distinct neuron population. The highest density of secretagogin cells of ~1800 cells / mm2 remained relatively evenly along the horizontal meridian, whilst the density dropped of to 125 cells / mm2 towards the dorsal and ventral periphery. Thus, secretagogin represents a new amacrine label within the zebrafish retina. The developmental expression suggests a possible role in late stage differentiation. This characterization forms the basis of functional studies assessing how the expression of distinct calcium binding proteins might be regulated to compensate for the loss of one of the others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Dudczig
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter David Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Patricia Regina Jusuf
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- * E-mail:
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39
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De la Paz JF, Beiza N, Paredes-Zúñiga S, Hoare MS, Allende ML. Triazole Fungicides Inhibit Zebrafish Hatching by Blocking the Secretory Function of Hatching Gland Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E710. [PMID: 28375163 PMCID: PMC5412296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In animals, hatching represents the transition point from a developing embryo to a free-living individual, the larva. This process is finely regulated by many endogenous and environmental factors and has been shown to be sensitive to a variety of chemical agents. It is commonly evaluated in bioassays in order to establish the effects of different agents on early development and reproductive capabilities in fish and other aquatic animals. In fish, the breakdown of the chorion is achieved by the secretion of choriolysin by hatching gland cells (HGCs) into the perivitelline space (PVS), coupled with spontaneous movements of the developing larva. In this work, we used zebrafish to assay the effects of a family of widely used agrochemicals-triazoles Triadimefon (FON), Triadimenol (NOL) and free triazole (1,2,4-T)-on hatching success. We found a strong inhibition of hatching by triazole exposure which was correlated with morphological changes and a reduction in the secretory function of the HGCs. As a consequence, the release of choriolytic enzymes by HGCs was reduced. We also found that HGC secretion reduction after exposure to FON can be rescued by co-incubation with a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist but not by antagonists of the D1-like receptors. This suggests a specific pathway through which this family of fungicides may be impairing a critical event in the fish life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera F De la Paz
- Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370415, Chile.
- Corporación para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias Ambientales, CODECIAM, Santiago 8270966, Chile.
| | - Natalia Beiza
- Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370415, Chile.
| | - Susana Paredes-Zúñiga
- Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370415, Chile.
| | - Misque S Hoare
- Corporación para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias Ambientales, CODECIAM, Santiago 8270966, Chile.
| | - Miguel L Allende
- Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370415, Chile.
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40
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Sarty KI, Cowie A, Martyniuk CJ. The legacy pesticide dieldrin acts as a teratogen and alters the expression of dopamine transporter and dopamine receptor 2a in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 194:37-47. [PMID: 28163252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dieldrin (DLD) is a lipophilic pesticide that shows environmental persistence. The objectives were to determine the effects of DLD on GABAergic and dopaminergic systems in developing zebrafish. Both chorionated and dechorionated embryos (~24h post-hatch) were exposed to a single concentration of DLD (0.347-3470μM) for 48h. Following exposure, a subset of larvae was placed into clean water for 6days (i.e. depuration phase). Chorionated embryos showed <15% mortality while dechorionated embryos showed higher mortality (>30%), suggesting that the chorion protected the embryos. Over a 6day depuration phase, there was a dose dependent effect observed in both the "dechorionated and chorionated embryo" treatments for larval mortality (>60%). At the end of depuration, there was no detectable change in neuro-morphological endpoints that included the ratio of notochord length to body length (%) and the ratio of head area to body area (%). However, DLD did induce cardiac edema, skeletal deformities, and tremors. GABA-related transcripts were not affected in abundance by DLD. Conversely, the relative mRNA levels of dopamine transporter (dat1) and dopamine receptor drd2a mRNA were decreased in dechorionated, but not chorionated, embryos. These data suggest that DLD can alter the expression of transcripts related to dopaminergic signaling. Lastly, GABAA receptor subunits gabrB1 and gabrB2, as well as dopamine receptors drd1 and drd2a, were inherently higher in abundance in dechorionated embryos compared to chorionated embryos. This is an important consideration when incorporating transcriptomics into embryo testing as expression levels can change with removal of the chorion prior to exposure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Chorion/physiology
- Dieldrin/toxicity
- Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Embryonic Development/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Insecticides/toxicity
- Larva/drug effects
- Larva/growth & development
- Larva/metabolism
- Osmolar Concentration
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Protein Subunits/genetics
- Protein Subunits/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Receptors, GABA-A/genetics
- Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism
- Survival Analysis
- Teratogens/toxicity
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/growth & development
- Zebrafish/physiology
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleena I Sarty
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Andrew Cowie
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, E2L 4L5, Canada.
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41
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Xavier AL, Fontaine R, Bloch S, Affaticati P, Jenett A, Demarque M, Vernier P, Yamamoto K. Comparative analysis of monoaminergic cerebrospinal fluid-contacting cells in Osteichthyes (bony vertebrates). J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:2265-2283. [PMID: 28295297 PMCID: PMC6585609 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid‐contacting (CSF‐c) cells containing monoamines such as dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5‐HT) occur in the periventricular zones of the hypothalamic region of most vertebrates except for placental mammals. Here we compare the organization of the CSF‐c cells in chicken, Xenopus, and zebrafish, by analyzing the expression of synthetic enzymes of DA and 5‐HT, respectively, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), and draw an evolutionary scenario for this cell population. Due to the lack of TH immunoreactivity in this region, the hypothalamic CSF‐c cells have been thought to take up DA from the ventricle instead of synthesizing it. We demonstrate that a second TH gene (TH2) is expressed in the CSF‐c cells of all the three species, suggesting that these cells do indeed synthetize DA. Furthermore, we found that many CSF‐c cells coexpress TH2 and TPH1 and contain both DA and 5‐HT, a dual neurotransmitter phenotype hitherto undescribed in the brain of any vertebrate. The similarities of CSF‐c cells in chicken, Xenopus, and zebrafish suggest that these characteristics are inherited from the common ancestor of the Osteichthyes. A significant difference between tetrapods and teleosts is that teleosts possess an additional CSF‐c cell population around the posterior recess (PR) that has emerged in specific groups of Actinopterygii. Our comparative analysis reveals that the hypothalamus in mammals and teleosts has evolved in a divergent manner: placental mammals have lost the monoaminergic CSF‐c cells, while teleosts have increased their relative number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Xavier
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Romain Fontaine
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Solal Bloch
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Pierre Affaticati
- TEFOR Core Facility, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Arnim Jenett
- TEFOR Core Facility, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Michaël Demarque
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Philippe Vernier
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (Neuro-PSI), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
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42
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Goodings L, He J, Wood AJ, Harris WA, Currie PD, Jusuf PR. In vivo expression of Nurr1/Nr4a2a in developing retinal amacrine subtypes in zebrafish Tg(nr4a2a:eGFP) transgenics. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:1962-1979. [PMID: 28177524 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 (Nr4a2) is crucial for the formation or maintenance of dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system including the retina, where dopaminergic amacrine cells contribute to visual function. Little is known about which cells express Nr4a2 at which developmental stage. Furthermore, whether Nr4a2 functions in combination with other genes is poorly understood. Thus, we generated a novel transgenic to visualize Nr4a2 expression in vivo during zebrafish retinogenesis. A 4.1 kb fragment of the nr4a2a promoter was used to drive green fluorescent protein expression in this Tg(nr4a2a:eGFP) line. In situ hybridization showed that transgene expression follows endogenous RNA expression at a cellular level. Temporal expression and lineages were quantified using in vivo time-lapse imaging in embryos. Nr4a2 expressing retinal subtypes were characterized immunohistochemically. Nr4a2a:eGFP labeled multiple neuron subtypes including 24.5% of all amacrine interneurons. Nr4a2a:eGFP labels all tyrosine hydroxylase labeled dopaminergic amacrine cells, and other nondopaminergic GABAergic amacrine populations. Nr4a2a:eGFP is confined to a specific progenitor lineage identified by sequential expression of the bhlh transcription factor Atonal7 (Atoh7) and Pancreas transcription factor 1a (Ptf1a), and labels postmitotic postmigratory amacrine cells. Thus, developmental Nr4a2a expression indicates a role during late differentiation of specific amacrine interneurons. Tg(nr4a2a:eGFP) is an early marker of distinct neurons including dopaminergic amacrine cells. It can be utilized to assess consequences of gene manipulations and understand whether Nr4a2 only carries out its role in the presence of specific coexpressed genes. This will allow Nr4a2 use to be refined for regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Goodings
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jie He
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Alasdair J Wood
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - William A Harris
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patricia R Jusuf
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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43
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Chen YC, Semenova S, Rozov S, Sundvik M, Bonkowsky JL, Panula P. A Novel Developmental Role for Dopaminergic Signaling to Specify Hypothalamic Neurotransmitter Identity. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21880-21892. [PMID: 27539857 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.697466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic neurons expressing histamine and orexin/hypocretin (hcrt) are necessary for normal regulation of wakefulness. In Parkinson's disease, the loss of dopaminergic neurons is associated with elevated histamine levels and disrupted sleep/wake cycles, but the mechanism is not understood. To characterize the role of dopamine in the development of histamine neurons, we inhibited the translation of the two non-allelic forms of tyrosine hydroxylase (th1 and th2) in zebrafish larvae. We found that dopamine levels were reduced in both th1 and th2 knockdown, but the serotonin level and number of serotonin neurons remained unchanged. Further, we demonstrated that th2 knockdown increased histamine neuron number and histamine levels, whereas increased dopaminergic signaling using the dopamine precursor l-DOPA (l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) or dopamine receptor agonists reduced the number of histaminergic neurons. Increases in the number of histaminergic neurons were paralleled by matching increases in the numbers of hcrt neurons, supporting observations that histamine regulates hcrt neuron development. Finally, we show that histaminergic neurons surround th2-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus, and we suggest that dopamine regulates the terminal differentiation of histamine neurons via paracrine actions or direct synaptic neurotransmission. These results reveal a role for dopaminergic signaling in the regulation of neurotransmitter identity and a potential mechanism contributing to sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Chen
- From the Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland and
| | - Svetlana Semenova
- From the Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland and
| | - Stanislav Rozov
- From the Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland and
| | - Maria Sundvik
- From the Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland and
| | - Joshua L Bonkowsky
- the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84113
| | - Pertti Panula
- From the Neuroscience Center and Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland and
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44
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Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity is common in the enteric nervous system in teleosts. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 364:231-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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45
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Galanin regulates blood glucose level in the zebrafish: a morphological and functional study. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 145:105-17. [PMID: 26496922 PMCID: PMC4710661 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study has demonstrated the galaninergic innervation of the endocrine pancreas including sources of the galaninergic nerve fibers, and the influence of galanin receptor agonists on blood glucose level in the zebrafish. For the first time, a very abundant galaninergic innervation of the endocrine pancreas during development is shown, from the second day post-fertilization to adulthood. The fibers originated from ganglia consisting of galanin-IR, non-adrenergic (non-sensory) neurons located rostrally to the pancreatic tissue. The ganglia were found on the dorsal side of the initial part of the anterior intestinal segment, close to the intestinal branch of the vagus nerve. The galanin-IR neurons did not show immunoreactivity for applied antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase, choline acetyltransferase, and vesicular acetylcholine transporter. Intraperitoneal injections of galanin analog NAX 5055 resulted in a statistically significant increase in the blood glucose level. Injections of another galanin receptor agonist, galnon, also caused a rise in blood glucose level; however, it was not statistically significant. The present findings suggest that, like in mammals, in the zebrafish galanin is involved in the regulation of blood glucose level. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism of the galanin action.
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46
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Inhibition of phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase attenuates ethanol-induced hyperactivity in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 138:32-9. [PMID: 26366782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish have been successfully employed in the study of the behavioural and biological effects of ethanol. Like in mammals, low to moderate doses of ethanol induce motor hyperactivity in zebrafish, an effect that has been attributed to the activation of the dopaminergic system. Acute ethanol exposure increases dopamine (DA) in the zebrafish brain, and it has been suggested that tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of DA synthesis, may be activated in response to ethanol via phosphorylation. The current study employed tetrahydropapaveroline (THP), a selective inhibitor of phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase, for the first time, in zebrafish. We treated zebrafish with a THP dose that did not alter baseline motor responses to examine whether it can attenuate or abolish the effects of acute exposure to alcohol (ethanol) on motor activity, on levels of DA, and on levels of dopamine's metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). We found that 60-minute exposure to 1% alcohol induced motor hyperactivity and an increase in brain DA. Both of these effects were attenuated by pre-treatment with THP. However, no differences in DOPAC levels were found among the treatment groups. These findings suggest that tyrosine hydroxylase is activated via phosphorylation to increase DA synthesis during alcohol exposure in zebrafish, and this partially mediates alcohol's locomotor stimulant effects. Future studies will investigate other potential candidates in the molecular pathway to further decipher the neurobiological mechanism that underlies the stimulatory properties of this popular psychoactive drug.
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47
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Chen YC, Harrison PW, Kotrschal A, Kolm N, Mank JE, Panula P. Expression change in Angiopoietin-1 underlies change in relative brain size in fish. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20150872. [PMID: 26108626 PMCID: PMC4590489 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain size varies substantially across the animal kingdom and is often associated with cognitive ability; however, the genetic architecture underpinning natural variation in these key traits is virtually unknown. In order to identify the genetic architecture and loci underlying variation in brain size, we analysed both coding sequence and expression for all the loci expressed in the telencephalon in replicate populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) artificially selected for large and small relative brain size. A single gene, Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), a regulator of angiogenesis and suspected driver of neural development, was differentially expressed between large- and small-brain populations. Zebra fish (Danio rerio) morphants showed that mild knock down of Ang-1 produces a small-brained phenotype that could be rescued with Ang-1 mRNA. Translation inhibition of Ang-1 resulted in smaller brains in larvae and increased expression of Notch-1, which regulates differentiation of neural stem cells. In situ analysis of newborn large- and small-brained guppies revealed matching expression patterns of Ang-1 and Notch-1 to those observed in zebrafish larvae. Taken together, our results suggest that the genetic architecture affecting brain size in our population may be surprisingly simple, and Ang-1 may be a potentially important locus in the evolution of vertebrate brain size and cognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Chen
- Neuroscience Center and Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Peter W Harrison
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alexander Kotrschal
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, Uppsala 75236, Sweden Department of Zoology/Ethology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 18B, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Niclas Kolm
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, Uppsala 75236, Sweden Department of Zoology/Ethology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 18B, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Judith E Mank
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Pertti Panula
- Neuroscience Center and Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland
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Chabbi A, Ganesh CB. Evidence for the involvement of dopamine in stress-induced suppression of reproduction in the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:343-56. [PMID: 25712855 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined whether stress-induced suppression of reproduction is mediated through the catecholaminergic neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) in the female cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. In the first experiment, application of antibody against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; a marker for DA) in brain sections revealed the presence of intensely stained TH immunoreactive cells in the preoptic area (POA) and nucleus preopticus (NPO) during the previtellogenic phase. These cells showed weak immunoreactivity during the vitellogenic and prespawning phases concomitant with darkly stained luteinising hormone (LH) immunoreactive content in the proximal pars distalis (PPD) of the pituitary gland and fully ripened follicles (stage V) in the ovary of control fish. However, in fish exposed to aquacultural stressors, TH secreting cells remained intensely stained in POA and NPO regions during the prespawning phase, indicating increased synthetic and secretory activity, which was reflected by a significantly higher DA content compared to controls. Increased DA activity as a result of stress was associated with a decrease in the LH immunoreactive content in the PPD and an absence of stage V follicles in the ovary. In the second experiment, administration of DA caused effects similar to those in stressed fish, whereas DA receptor antagonist domperidone (DOM) treatment significantly increased the LH content in the PPD and the number of stage V follicles in unstressed fish. On the other hand, treatment of stressed fish with DOM resulted in dark accumulations of LH immunoreactive content in the PPD accompanied by the presence of stage V follicles in the ovary. Taken together, these results suggest an additional pathway for the inhibitory effects of stress through dopaminergic neurones along the reproductive axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chabbi
- Neuroendocrinology Research Lab, Department of Studies in Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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Wang X, Yang L, Wu Y, Huang C, Wang Q, Han J, Guo Y, Shi X, Zhou B. The developmental neurotoxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers: Effect of DE-71 on dopamine in zebrafish larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:1119-1126. [PMID: 25651517 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The potential neurotoxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) is still a great concern. In the present study, the authors investigated whether exposure to PBDEs could affect the neurotransmitter system and cause developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos (2 h postfertilization) were exposed to different concentrations of the PBDE mixture DE-71 (0-100 μg/L). The larvae were harvested at 120 h postfertilization, and the impact on dopaminergic signaling was investigated. The results revealed significant reductions in content of whole-body dopamine and its metabolite, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, in DE-71-exposed larvae. The transcription of genes involved in the development of dopaminergic neurons (e.g., manf, bdnf, and nr4a2b) was significantly downregulated upon exposure to DE-71. Also, DE-71 resulted in a significant decrease of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter protein levels in dopaminergic neurons. The expression level of tyrosine hydroxylase in forebrain neurons was assessed by whole-mount immunofluorescence, and the results further demonstrated that the tyrosine hydroxylase protein expression level was reduced in dopaminergic neurons. In addition to these molecular changes, the authors observed reduced locomotor activity in DE-71-exposed larvae. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrate that acute exposure to PBDEs can affect dopaminergic signaling by disrupting the synthesis and transportation of dopamine in zebrafish, thereby disrupting normal neurodevelopment. In accord with its experimental findings, the present study extends knowledge of the mechanisms governing PBDE-induced developmental neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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