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Kazanietz MG, Cooke M. Protein kinase C signaling "in" and "to" the nucleus: Master kinases in transcriptional regulation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105692. [PMID: 38301892 PMCID: PMC10907189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
PKC is a multifunctional family of Ser-Thr kinases widely implicated in the regulation of fundamental cellular functions, including proliferation, polarity, motility, and differentiation. Notwithstanding their primary cytoplasmic localization and stringent activation by cell surface receptors, PKC isozymes impel prominent nuclear signaling ultimately impacting gene expression. While transcriptional regulation may be wielded by nuclear PKCs, it most often relies on cytoplasmic phosphorylation events that result in nuclear shuttling of PKC downstream effectors, including transcription factors. As expected from the unique coupling of PKC isozymes to signaling effector pathways, glaring disparities in gene activation/repression are observed upon targeting individual PKC family members. Notably, specific PKCs control the expression and activation of transcription factors implicated in cell cycle/mitogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and immune function. Additionally, PKCs isozymes tightly regulate transcription factors involved in stepwise differentiation of pluripotent stem cells toward specific epithelial, mesenchymal, and hematopoietic cell lineages. Aberrant PKC expression and/or activation in pathological conditions, such as in cancer, leads to profound alterations in gene expression, leading to an extensive rewiring of transcriptional networks associated with mitogenesis, invasiveness, stemness, and tumor microenvironment dysregulation. In this review, we outline the current understanding of PKC signaling "in" and "to" the nucleus, with significant focus on established paradigms of PKC-mediated transcriptional control. Dissecting these complexities would allow the identification of relevant molecular targets implicated in a wide spectrum of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Mariana Cooke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Pozzi G, Presta V, Masselli E, Condello G, Cortellazzi S, Arcari ML, Micheloni C, Vitale M, Gobbi G, Mirandola P, Carubbi C. Interplay between Protein Kinase C Epsilon and Reactive Oxygen Species during Myogenic Differentiation. Cells 2023; 12:1792. [PMID: 37443826 PMCID: PMC10340168 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are currently recognized as a key driver of several physiological processes. Increasing evidence indicates that ROS levels can affect myogenic differentiation, but the molecular mechanisms still need to be elucidated. Protein kinase C (PKC) epsilon (PKCe) promotes muscle stem cell differentiation and regeneration of skeletal muscle after injury. PKCs play a tissue-specific role in redox biology, with specific isoforms being both a target of ROS and an up-stream regulator of ROS production. Therefore, we hypothesized that PKCe represents a molecular link between redox homeostasis and myogenic differentiation. We used an in vitro model of a mouse myoblast cell line (C2C12) to study the PKC-redox axis. We demonstrated that the transition from a myoblast to myotube is typified by increased PKCe protein content and decreased ROS. Intriguingly, the expression of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is significantly higher in the late phases of myogenic differentiation, mimicking PKCe protein content. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PKCe inhibition increases ROS and reduces SOD2 protein content while SOD2 silencing did not affect PKCe protein content, suggesting that the kinase could be an up-stream regulator of SOD2. To support this hypothesis, we found that in C2C12 cells, PKCe interacts with Nrf2, whose activation induces SOD2 transcription. Overall, our results indicate that PKCe is capable of activating the antioxidant signaling preventing ROS accumulation in a myotube, eventually promoting myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pozzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.L.A.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Valentina Presta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.L.A.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Elena Masselli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.L.A.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Giancarlo Condello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.L.A.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Samuele Cortellazzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.L.A.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Luisa Arcari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.L.A.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Micheloni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.L.A.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Marco Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.L.A.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
- Italian Foundation for Research in Balneotherapy (FoRST), 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Gobbi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.L.A.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Prisco Mirandola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.L.A.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Cecilia Carubbi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.L.A.); (C.M.); (M.V.); (C.C.)
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Understanding the structural features of symptomatic calcific aortic valve stenosis: A broad-spectrum clinico-pathologic study in 236 consecutive surgical cases. Int J Cardiol 2016; 228:364-374. [PMID: 27866029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With age, aortic valve cusps undergo varying degrees of sclerosis which, sometimes, can progress to calcific aortic valve stenosis (AVS). To perform a retrospective clinico-pathologic investigation in patients with calcific AVS. METHODS We characterized and graded the structural remodeling in 236 aortic valves (200 tricuspid and 36 bicuspid) from patients with calcific AVS (148 males; average 72years); possible relationships between general/clinical/echocardiographic characteristics and the histopathologic changes were explored. Twenty autopsy aortic valves served as controls. In 40 cases, we also tested the immunohistochemical expression of metalloproteinases and cytokines, and characterized the inflammatory infiltrate. In 5 cases, we cultured cusp stem cells and explored their potential to differentiate into osteoblasts/adipocytes. RESULTS AVS cusps showed structural remodeling as severe fibrosis (100%), calcific nodules (100%), neoangiogenesis (81%), inflammation (71%), bone metaplasia with or without hematopoiesis (6% and 53%, respectively), adipose metaplasia (16%), and cartilaginous metaplasia (7%). At multivariate analysis, AVS degree and interventricular septum thickness were the only predictors of remodeling (barring inflammation). All the tested metalloproteinases (except MMP-13) and cytokines were expressed in AVS cusps. Inflammation mainly consisted of B and T lymphocytes (CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio 3:1) and plasma cells. AVS changes were mostly different from typical atherosclerosis. Cultured mesenchymal cusp stem cells could differentiate into osteoblasts/adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS Structural remodeling in AVS is peculiar and considerable, and is related to the severity of the disease. However, the different newly formed tissues-where "valvular interstitial cells" play a key role-and their well-known slow turnover suggest a reverse structural remodeling improbable.
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Queirolo V, Galli D, Masselli E, Borzì RM, Martini S, Vitale F, Gobbi G, Carubbi C, Mirandola P. PKCε is a regulator of hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1451-60. [PMID: 27072078 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and highly debilitating degenerative disease whose complex pathogenesis and the multiplicity of the molecular processes involved, hinder its complete understanding. Protein Kinase C (PKC) novel isozyme PKCε recently proved to be an interesting molecule for further investigations as it can represent an intriguing, new actor in the acquisition of a OA phenotype by the chondrocyte. DESIGN PKCε was modulated in primary chondrocytes from human OA patient knee cartilage samples by means of short hairpin RNA (ShRNA) and the expression of cartilage specific markers observed at mRNA and protein level. The involvement of Histone deacetylases (HDACs) signaling pathway was also investigated through the use of specific inhibitors MS-275 and Inhibitor VIII. RESULTS PKCε loss induces up-regulation of Runt-domain transcription factor (RUNX2), Metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) and Collagen X (COL10) as well as an enhanced calcium deposition in OA chondrocyte cultures. In parallel, PKCε knock-down also leads to SOX9 and Collagen II (COL2) down-modulation and to a lower deposition of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the extracellular matrix (ECM). This novel regulatory role of PKCε over cartilage hypertrophic phenotype is exerted via an HDAC-mediated pathway, as HDAC2 and HDAC4 expression is modulated by PKCε. HDAC2 and HDAC4, in turn, are at least in part responsible for the modulation of the master transcription factors RUNX2 and SOX9, key regulators of chondrocyte phenotype. CONCLUSIONS PKCε prevents the phenotypic progression of the OA chondrocyte, acting on cartilage specific markers through the modulation of the transcription factors SOX9 and RUNX2. The loss of PKCε enhances, in fact, the OA hypertrophic phenotype, with clear implications in the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Queirolo
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological &Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), University of Parma, Italy.
| | - D Galli
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological &Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), University of Parma, Italy.
| | - E Masselli
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological &Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), University of Parma, Italy.
| | - R M Borzì
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration/RAMSES, Rizzoli Orthopedic Research Institute, Bologna, Italy.
| | - S Martini
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological &Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), University of Parma, Italy.
| | - F Vitale
- Curriculum of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation, University of Padova, Italy.
| | - G Gobbi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological &Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), University of Parma, Italy.
| | - C Carubbi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological &Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), University of Parma, Italy.
| | - P Mirandola
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological &Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), University of Parma, Italy.
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Scruggs SB, Wang D, Ping P. PRKCE gene encoding protein kinase C-epsilon-Dual roles at sarcomeres and mitochondria in cardiomyocytes. Gene 2016; 590:90-6. [PMID: 27312950 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C-epsilon (PKCε) is an isoform of a large PKC family of enzymes that has a variety of functions in different cell types. Here we discuss two major roles of PKCε in cardiac muscle cells; specifically, its role in regulating cardiac muscle contraction via targeting the sarcomeric proteins, as well as modulating cardiac cell energy production and metabolism by targeting cardiac mitochondria. The importance of PKCε action is described within the context of intracellular localization, as substrate selectivity and specificity is achieved through spatiotemporal targeting of PKCε. Accordingly, the role of PKCε in regulating myocardial function in physiological and pathological states has been documented in both cardioprotection and cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Scruggs
- Departments of Physiology, Medicine (Cardiology) and Bioinformatics, NIH BD2K Center of Excellence for Biomedical Computing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Ding Wang
- Departments of Physiology, Medicine (Cardiology) and Bioinformatics, NIH BD2K Center of Excellence for Biomedical Computing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peipei Ping
- Departments of Physiology, Medicine (Cardiology) and Bioinformatics, NIH BD2K Center of Excellence for Biomedical Computing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Di Marcantonio D, Galli D, Carubbi C, Gobbi G, Queirolo V, Martini S, Merighi S, Vaccarezza M, Maffulli N, Sykes SM, Vitale M, Mirandola P. PKCε as a novel promoter of skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration. Exp Cell Res 2015; 339:10-9. [PMID: 26431586 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Satellite cells are muscle resident stem cells and are responsible for muscle regeneration. In this study we investigate the involvement of PKCε during muscle stem cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Here, we describe the identification of a previously unrecognized role for the PKCε-HMGA1 signaling axis in myoblast differentiation and regeneration processes. METHODS PKCε expression was modulated in the C2C12 cell line and primary murine satellite cells in vitro, as well as in an in vivo model of muscle regeneration. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, RT-PCR and shRNA silencing techniques were used to determine the role of PKCε and HMGA1 in myogenic differentiation. RESULTS PKCε expression increases and subsequently re-localizes to the nucleus during skeletal muscle cell differentiation. In the nucleus, PKCε blocks Hmga1 expression to promote Myogenin and Mrf4 accumulation and myoblast formation. Following in vivo muscle injury, PKCε accumulates in regenerating, centrally-nucleated myofibers. Pharmacological inhibition of PKCε impairs the expression of two crucial markers of muscle differentiation, namely MyoD and Myogenin, during injury induced muscle regeneration. CONCLUSION This work identifies the PKCε-HMGA1 signaling axis as a positive regulator of skeletal muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Di Marcantonio
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43100 Parma, Italy; Immune Cell Development and Host Defense, Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D Galli
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43100 Parma, Italy; Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, Italy; Sport and Exercise Medicine Center (SEM), University of Parma, Italy
| | - C Carubbi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - G Gobbi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43100 Parma, Italy; Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, Italy; Sport and Exercise Medicine Center (SEM), University of Parma, Italy
| | - V Queirolo
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - S Martini
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - S Merighi
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Vaccarezza
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health (HSSH), University of Cassino, FR, Italy; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - N Maffulli
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK; Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, University of Salerno School of Medicine and Surgery, Salerno, Italy
| | - S M Sykes
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense, Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Vitale
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43100 Parma, Italy; Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, Italy; Sport and Exercise Medicine Center (SEM), University of Parma, Italy.
| | - P Mirandola
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43100 Parma, Italy; Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, Italy; Sport and Exercise Medicine Center (SEM), University of Parma, Italy
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Galli D, Carubbi C, Masselli E, Corradi D, Dei Cas A, Nouvenne A, Bucci G, Arcari ML, Mirandola P, Vitale M, Gobbi G. PKCε is a negative regulator of PVAT-derived vessel formation. Exp Cell Res 2015; 330:277-286. [PMID: 25433270 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Vessel formation is a crucial event in tissue repair after injury. Thus, one assumption of innovative therapeutic approaches is the understanding of its molecular mechanisms. Notwithstanding our knowledge of the role of Protein Kinase C epsilon (PKCε) in cardio-protection and vascular restenosis, its role in vessel progenitor differentiation remains elusive. OBJECTIVE Given the availability of PKCε pharmacological modulators already tested in clinical trials, the specific aim of this study is to unravel the role of PKCε in vessel progenitor differentiation, with implications in vascular pathology and vasculogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Mouse Peri-Vascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT) was used as source of mesenchymal vessel progenitors. VEGF-induced differentiation of PVAT cells down-regulates both PKCε and p-PAK1 protein expression levels. PKCε overexpression and activation: i) reduced the expression levels of SMA and PECAM in endothelial differentiation of PVAT cells; ii) completely abrogated tubules formation in collagen gel assays; iii) increased the expression of p-PAK1. CONCLUSION PKCε negatively interferes with vessel progenitor differentiation via interaction with PAK-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Galli
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), Anatomy & Histology Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - C Carubbi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), Anatomy & Histology Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - E Masselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - D Corradi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), Anatomy & Histology Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - A Dei Cas
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - A Nouvenne
- Department of Clinical Sciences Sec. Internal Medicine and Critical Long-Term Care University Hospital, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - G Bucci
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), Anatomy & Histology Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - M L Arcari
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), Anatomy & Histology Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - P Mirandola
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), Anatomy & Histology Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - M Vitale
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), Anatomy & Histology Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - G Gobbi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), Anatomy & Histology Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
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White PS, Xie HM, Werner P, Glessner J, Latney B, Hakonarson H, Goldmuntz E. Analysis of chromosomal structural variation in patients with congenital left-sided cardiac lesions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 100:951-64. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter S. White
- The Center for Biomedical Informatics; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Hongbo M. Xie
- The Center for Biomedical Informatics; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Petra Werner
- The Division of Cardiology; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Glessner
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Department of Pediatrics; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Brande Latney
- The Division of Cardiology; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Department of Pediatrics; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Department of Pediatrics; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth Goldmuntz
- Department of Pediatrics; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- The Division of Cardiology; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cell differentiation toward myogenic lineages: facts and perspectives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:762695. [PMID: 25054145 PMCID: PMC4099119 DOI: 10.1155/2014/762695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are valuable platforms for new therapies based on regenerative medicine. BM-MSCs era is coming of age since the potential of these cells is increasingly demonstrated. In fact, these cells give origin to osteoblasts, chondroblasts, and adipocyte precursors in vitro, and they can also differentiate versus other mesodermal cell types like skeletal muscle precursors and cardiomyocytes. In our short review, we focus on the more recent manipulations of BM-MSCs toward skeletal and heart muscle differentiation, a growing field of obvious relevance considering the toll of muscle disease (i.e., muscular dystrophies), the heavier toll of heart disease in developed countries, and the still not completely understood mechanisms of muscle differentiation and repair.
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Knockdown of PKCε Expression Inhibits Growth, Induces Apoptosis and Decreases Invasiveness of Human Glioma Cells Partially Through Stat3. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:21-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0341-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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de Faria Poloni J, Chapola H, Feltes BC, Bonatto D. The importance of sphingolipids and reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular development. Biol Cell 2014; 106:167-81. [PMID: 24678717 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The heart is the first organ in the embryo to form. Its structural and functional complexity is the result of a thorough developmental program, where sphingolipids play an important role in cardiogenesis, heart maturation, angiogenesis, the regulation of vascular tone and vessel permeability. Sphingolipids are necessary for signal transduction and membrane microdomain formation. In addition, recent evidence suggests that sphingolipid metabolism is directly interconnected to the modulation of oxidative stress. However, cardiovascular development is highly sensitive to excessive reactive species production, and disturbances in sphingolipid metabolism can lead to abnormal development and cardiac disease. Therefore, in this review, we address the molecular link between sphingolipids and oxidative stress, connecting these pathways to cardiovascular development and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joice de Faria Poloni
- Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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The Histochem Cell Biol conspectus: the year 2013 in review. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 141:337-63. [PMID: 24610091 PMCID: PMC7087837 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we provide a brief synopsis of all manuscripts published in Histochem Cell Biol in the year 2013. For ease of reference, we have divided the manuscripts into the following categories: Advances in Methodologies; Molecules in Health and Disease; Organelles, Subcellular Structures and Compartments; Golgi Apparatus; Intermediate Filaments and Cytoskeleton; Connective Tissue and Extracellular Matrix; Autophagy; Stem Cells; Musculoskeletal System; Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems; Gastrointestinal Tract; Central Nervous System; Peripheral Nervous System; Excretory Glands; Kidney and Urinary Bladder; and Male and Female Reproductive Systems. We hope that the readership will find this annual journal synopsis of value and serve as a quick, categorized reference guide for “state-of-the-art” manuscripts in the areas of histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and cell biology.
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Huang J, Guo J, Beigi F, Hodgkinson CP, Facundo HT, Zhang Z, Espinoza-Derout J, Zhou X, Pratt RE, Mirotsou M, Dzau VJ. HASF is a stem cell paracrine factor that activates PKC epsilon mediated cytoprotection. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 66:157-64. [PMID: 24269490 PMCID: PMC3897274 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of acute tissue ischemia significant challenges remain in effective cytoprotection from ischemic cell death. It has been documented that injected stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), can confer protection to ischemic tissue through the release of paracrine factors. The study of these factors is essential for understanding tissue repair and the development of new therapeutic approaches for regenerative medicine. We have recently shown that a novel factor secreted by MSCs, which we called HASF (Hypoxia and Akt induced Stem cell Factor), promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation. In this study we show that HASF has a cytoprotective effect on ischemia induced cardiomyocyte death. We assessed whether HASF could potentially be used as a therapeutic agent to prevent the damage associated with myocardial infarction. In vitro treatment of cardiomyocytes with HASF protein resulted in decreased apoptosis; TUNEL positive nuclei were fewer in number, and caspase activation and mitochondrial pore opening were inhibited. Purified HASF protein was injected into the heart immediately following myocardial infarction. Heart function was found to be comparable to sham operated animals one month following injury and fibrosis was significantly reduced. In vivo and in vitro HASF activated protein kinase C ε (PKCε). Inhibition of PKCε blocked the HASF effect on apoptosis. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of HASF were lost in mice lacking PKCε. Collectively these results identify HASF as a protein of significant therapeutic potential, acting in part through PKCε.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA; Mandel Center for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jian Guo
- Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA; Mandel Center for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA
| | - Farideh Beigi
- Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA; Mandel Center for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA
| | - Conrad P Hodgkinson
- Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA; Mandel Center for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA
| | - Heberty T Facundo
- Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA; Mandel Center for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA; Mandel Center for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jorge Espinoza-Derout
- Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA; Mandel Center for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiyou Zhou
- Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA; Mandel Center for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA
| | - Richard E Pratt
- Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA; Mandel Center for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA
| | - Maria Mirotsou
- Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA; Mandel Center for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA
| | - Victor J Dzau
- Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA; Mandel Center for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Research, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, USA.
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Cheng W, Yu Z, Feng L, Wang Y. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) induced embryotoxicity and disruption of cardiogenesis. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1503-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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