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Redondo-Gómez C, Parreira P, Martins MCL, Azevedo HS. Peptide-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs): what peptides can do for SAMs and vice versa. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3714-3773. [PMID: 38456490 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00921a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) represent highly ordered molecular materials with versatile biochemical features and multidisciplinary applications. Research on SAMs has made much progress since the early begginings of Au substrates and alkanethiols, and numerous examples of peptide-displaying SAMs can be found in the literature. Peptides, presenting increasing structural complexity, stimuli-responsiveness, and biological relevance, represent versatile functional components in SAMs-based platforms. This review examines the major findings and progress made on the use of peptide building blocks displayed as part of SAMs with specific functions, such as selective cell adhesion, migration and differentiation, biomolecular binding, advanced biosensing, molecular electronics, antimicrobial, osteointegrative and antifouling surfaces, among others. Peptide selection and design, functionalisation strategies, as well as structural and functional characteristics from selected examples are discussed. Additionally, advanced fabrication methods for dynamic peptide spatiotemporal presentation are presented, as well as a number of characterisation techniques. All together, these features and approaches enable the preparation and use of increasingly complex peptide-based SAMs to mimic and study biological processes, and provide convergent platforms for high throughput screening discovery and validation of promising therapeutics and technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Redondo-Gómez
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Paula Parreira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
| | - M Cristina L Martins
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena S Azevedo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
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Zheng S, An S, Luo Y, Vithran DTA, Yang S, Lu B, Deng Z, Li Y. HYBID in osteoarthritis: Potential target for disease progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115043. [PMID: 37364478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
HYBID is a new hyaluronan-degrading enzyme and exists in various cells of the human body. Recently, HYBID was found to over-express in the osteoarthritic chondrocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes. According to these researches, high level of HYBID is significantly correlated with cartilage degeneration in joints and hyaluronic acid degradation in synovial fluid. In addition, HYBID can affect inflammatory cytokine secretion, cartilage and synovium fibrosis, synovial hyperplasia via multiple signaling pathways, thereby exacerbating osteoarthritis. Based on the existing research of HYBID in osteoarthritis, HYBID can break the metabolic balance of HA in joints through the degradation ability independent of HYALs/CD44 system and furthermore affect cartilage structure and mechanotransduction of chondrocytes. In particular, in addition to HYBID itself being able to trigger some signaling pathways, we believe that low-molecular-weight hyaluronan produced by excess degradation can also stimulate some disease-promoting signaling pathways by replacing high-molecular-weight hyaluronan in joints. The specific role of HYBID in osteoarthritis is gradually revealed, and the discovery of HYBID raises the new way to treat osteoarthritis. In this review, the expression and basic functions of HYBID in joints were summarized, and reveal potential role of HYBID as a key target in treatment for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Senbo An
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Djandan Tadum Arthur Vithran
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shaoqu Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bangbao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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3
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Pinto-Cardoso R, Bessa-Andrês C, Correia-de-Sá P, Bernardo Noronha-Matos J. Could hypoxia rehabilitate the osteochondral diseased interface? Lessons from the interplay of hypoxia and purinergic signals elsewhere. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115646. [PMID: 37321413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The osteochondral unit comprises the articular cartilage (90%), subchondral bone (5%) and calcified cartilage (5%). All cells present at the osteochondral unit that is ultimately responsible for matrix production and osteochondral homeostasis, such as chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes, can release adenine and/or uracil nucleotides to the local microenvironment. Nucleotides are released by these cells either constitutively or upon plasma membrane damage, mechanical stress or hypoxia conditions. Once in the extracellular space, endogenously released nucleotides can activate membrane-bound purinoceptors. Activation of these receptors is fine-tuning regulated by nucleotides' breakdown by enzymes of the ecto-nucleotidase cascade. Depending on the pathophysiological conditions, both the avascular cartilage and the subchondral bone subsist to significant changes in oxygen tension, which has a tremendous impact on tissue homeostasis. Cell stress due to hypoxic conditions directly influences the expression and activity of several purinergic signalling players, namely nucleotide release channels (e.g. Cx43), NTPDase enzymes and purinoceptors. This review gathers experimental evidence concerning the interplay between hypoxia and the purinergic signalling cascade contributing to osteochondral unit homeostasis. Reporting deviations to this relationship resulting from pathological alterations of articular joints may ultimately unravel novel therapeutic targets for osteochondral rehabilitation. At this point, one can only hypothesize how hypoxia mimetic conditions can be beneficial to the ex vivo expansion and differentiation of osteo- and chondro-progenitors for auto-transplantation and tissue regenerative purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pinto-Cardoso
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP)
| | - Catarina Bessa-Andrês
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP)
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP)
| | - José Bernardo Noronha-Matos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP).
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Chen Y, Lock J, Liu HH. Nanocomposites for cartilage regeneration. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818627-5.00018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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Beneficial Effects of Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) in an In Vitro Model of Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040447. [PMID: 35455444 PMCID: PMC9025871 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a bilateral, hereditary syndrome characterized by progressive irreversible injury in the corneal endothelium; it is the most frequent cause for corneal transplantation worldwide. Oxidative stress induces the apoptosis of corneal endothelial cells (CECs), and has a crucial function in FECD pathogenesis. The stimulation of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2Ar) inhibits oxidative stress, reduces inflammation and modulates apoptosis. Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is a registered drug that acts through adenosine A2Ar. Thus, the goal of this study was to assess the effect of PDRN in an in vitro FECD model. Human Corneal Endothelial Cells (IHCE) were challenged with H2O2 (200 μM) alone or in combination with PDRN (100 μg/mL), PDRN plus ZM241385 (1 μM) as an A2Ar antagonist, and CGS21680 (1 μM) as a well-known A2Ar agonist. H2O2 reduced the cells’ viability and increased the expression of the pro-inflammatory markers NF-κB, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α; by contrast, it decreased the expression of the anti-inflammatory IL-10. Moreover, the pro-apoptotic genes Bax, Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 were concurrently upregulated with a decrease of Bcl-2 expression. PDRN and CGS21680 reverted the negative effects of H2O2. Co-incubation with ZM241385 abolished the effects of PDRN, indicating that A2Ar is involved in the mode of action of PDRN. These data suggest that PDRN defends IHCE cells against H2O2-induced damage, potentially as a result of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties, suggesting that PDRN could be used as an FECD therapy.
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Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Gangadaran P, Ranjan R, Jeyaraman N, Prajwal GS, Mishra PC, Rajendran RL, Ahn BC. Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Potential of Periosteum-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Do They Hold the Key to the Future? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111133. [PMID: 34832915 PMCID: PMC8618036 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The periosteum, with its outer fibrous and inner cambium layer, lies in a dynamic environment with a niche of pluripotent stem cells for their reparative needs. The inner cambium layer is rich in mesenchymal progenitors, osteogenic progenitors, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts in a scant collagen matrix environment. Their role in union and remodeling of fracture is well known. However, the periosteum as a source of mesenchymal stem cells has not been explored in detail. Moreover, with the continuous expansion of techniques, newer insights have been acquired into the roles and regulation of these periosteal cells. From a therapeutic standpoint, the periosteum as a source of tissue engineering has gained much attraction. Apart from its role in bone repair, analysis of the bone-forming potential of periosteum-derived stem cells is lacking. Hence, this article elucidates the role of the periosteum as a potential source of mesenchymal stem cells along with their capacity for osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation for therapeutic application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India; (M.J.); (R.R.)
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- International Association of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), Greater Kailash, New Delhi 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- International Association of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), Greater Kailash, New Delhi 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India;
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624304, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (R.L.R.); (B.-C.A.); Tel.: +82-53-420-4914 (R.L.R.); +82-53-420-5583 (B.-C.A.)
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Rajni Ranjan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India; (M.J.); (R.R.)
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Atlas Hospitals, Tiruchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | | | - Prabhu Chandra Mishra
- International Association of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), Greater Kailash, New Delhi 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (R.L.R.); (B.-C.A.); Tel.: +82-53-420-4914 (R.L.R.); +82-53-420-5583 (B.-C.A.)
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (R.L.R.); (B.-C.A.); Tel.: +82-53-420-4914 (R.L.R.); +82-53-420-5583 (B.-C.A.)
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Intraarticular injection of liposomal adenosine reduces cartilage damage in established murine and rat models of osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13477. [PMID: 32778777 PMCID: PMC7418027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68302-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) affects nearly 10% of the population of the United States and other industrialized countries and, at present, short of surgical joint replacement, there is no therapy available that can reverse the progression of the disease. Adenosine, acting at its A2A receptor (A2AR), is a critical autocrine factor for maintenance of cartilage homeostasis and here we report that injection of liposomal suspensions of either adenosine or a selective A2AR agonist, CGS21680, significantly reduced OA cartilage damage in a murine model of obesity-induced OA. The same treatment also improved swelling and preserved cartilage in the affected knees in a rat model of established post-traumatic OA (PTOA). Differential expression analysis of mRNA from chondrocytes harvested from knees of rats with PTOA treated with liposomal A2AR agonist revealed downregulation of genes associated with matrix degradation and upregulation of genes associated with cell proliferation as compared to liposomes alone. Studies in vitro and in affected joints demonstrated that A2AR ligation increased the nuclear P-SMAD2/3/P-SMAD1/5/8 ratio, a change associated with repression of terminal chondrocyte differentiation. These results strongly suggest that targeting the A2AR is an effective approach to treat OA.
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Ko IG, Hwang JJ, Chang BS, Kim SH, Jin JJ, Hwang L, Kim CJ, Choi CW. Polydeoxyribonucleotide ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via modulation of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106444. [PMID: 32234670 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by disruption of the alveolar-capillary membrane resulting in pulmonary edema and accumulation of associated proteinaceous alveolar exudate. Initiation of ALI upregulates tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which activates nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) that induce various pro-inflammatory mediators. Polydexyribonucleotide (PDRN) is an adenosine A2A receptor agonist that exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis. We investigated the therapeutic efficiency of PDRN on ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. ALI was induced by intratracheal instillation of LPS (5 mg/kg) in 200 μL saline. The PDRN treatment group received a single intraperitoneal injection of 500 μL saline including PDRN (8 mg/kg) 1 h after ALI induction. To confirm the involvement of the adenosine A2A receptor in PDRN, 8 mg/kg 7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX) was applied with PDRN treatment. Rats were then sacrificed 12 h after PDRN and DMPX treatments. Intratracheal administration of LPS caused lung tissue damage and significantly increased the lung injury scores and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic factors. In addition, MAPK/NF-κB signaling factors were increased by ALI initiation. PDRN treatment potently suppressed expressions of MAPK/NF-κB signaling factors compared to the PDRN + DMPX co-treated group. These alterations led to a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic factors, and NF-κB and MAPK signaling, which promoted the recovery of damaged lung tissue. PDRN therapy demonstrated therapeutic effects for LPS-induced ALI compared to the non-treated and DMPX-treated groups. Therefore, PDRN may be used as a therapy for initial treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Joon Hwang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok Soon Chang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Jang Jin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Lakkyong Hwang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheon Woong Choi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea.
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Avenoso A, Bruschetta G, D Ascola A, Scuruchi M, Mandraffino G, Saitta A, Campo S, Campo GM. Hyaluronan Fragmentation During Inflammatory Pathologies: A Signal that Empowers Tissue Damage. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:54-65. [PMID: 31490750 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190906115619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms that modulate the response to tissue injury are not fully understood. Abnormalities in the repair response are associated with a variety of chronic disease states characterized by inflammation, followed subsequently by excessive ECM deposition. As cell-matrix interactions are able to regulate cellular homeostasis, modification of ECM integrity appears to be an unspecific factor in promoting the onset and progression of inflammatory diseases. Evidence is emerging to show that endogenous ECM molecules supply signals to damage tissues and cells in order to promote further ECM degradation and inflammation progression. Several investigations have been confirmed that HA fragments of different molecular sizes exhibit different biological effects and responses. In fact, the increased deposition of HA into the ECM is a strong hallmark of inflammation processes. In the context of inflammatory pathologies, highly polymerized HA is broken down into small components, which are able to exacerbate the inflammatory response by inducing the release of various detrimental mediators such as reactive oxygen species, cytokines, chemokines and destructive enzymes and by facilitating the recruitment of leukocytes. However, strategies involving the modulation of the HA fragment with specific receptors on cell surface could represent different promising effects for therapeutic scope. This review will focus on the inflammation action of small HA fragments in recent years obtained by in vivo reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Avenoso
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, Policlinico Universitario, University of Messina, 98125 - Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bruschetta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela D Ascola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125 - Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Scuruchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125 - Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125 - Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Saitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125 - Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Campo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, Policlinico Universitario, University of Messina, 98125 - Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M Campo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125 - Messina, Italy
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Pinto-Cardoso R, Pereira-Costa F, Pedro Faria J, Bandarrinha P, Bessa-Andrês C, Correia-de-Sá P, Bernardo Noronha-Matos J. Adenosinergic signalling in chondrogenesis and cartilage homeostasis: Friend or foe? Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 174:113784. [PMID: 31884043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocytes and their mesenchymal cell progenitors secrete a variety of bioactive molecules, including adenine nucleotides and nucleosides, but these molecules are not usually highlighted in review papers about the secretome of these cells. Ageing and inflammatory insults compromise chondrocytes ability to keep ATP/adenosine synthesis, release and turnover. Cartilage homeostasis depends on extracellular adenosine levels, which acting via four P1 purinoceptor subtypes modulates the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, including NO, PGE2 and several cytokines. Native articular cartilage is challenged by synovial fluid flow during normal joint motion transiently increasing ATP release and adenosine formation in the joint microenvironment. Excessive joint motion and shockwave trauma are deleterious to cartilage homeostasis due to HIF-1α overexpression, resulting in disproportionate ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 production, adenosine accumulation and superfluous A2B receptors activation. Scarcity of data however exists on the putative interplay between coexistent high affinity (A2A and A3) and low affinity (A2B) adenosine receptors activation affecting stem cells fate towards preferential chondrogenic or osteogenic lineages in the human cartilage. Hints gathered in this commentary result mainly from studies using human immortalized cell lines and animal (e.g. rodent, equine, bovine) tissue samples. The available data point towards adenosine A2A and A3 receptors having cartilage protective roles, while excessive adenosine accumulation may be detrimental via low affinity A2B receptors activation, with little reference to the putative role of the adenosine forming enzyme ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73. Thus, emphasizing the multiple pathways responsible for controlling adenosine signalling in cartilage will certainly impact on the search for novel therapeutic targets for highly disabling articular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pinto-Cardoso
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal
| | - Flávio Pereira-Costa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal
| | - João Pedro Faria
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal
| | - Patrícia Bandarrinha
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal
| | - Catarina Bessa-Andrês
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal.
| | - José Bernardo Noronha-Matos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal; Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar - Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Portugal.
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11
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Extracellular matrix-cell interactions: Focus on therapeutic applications. Cell Signal 2019; 66:109487. [PMID: 31778739 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules together with a multitude of different molecules residing in the extracellular space play a vital role in the regulation of cellular phenotype and behavior. This is achieved via constant reciprocal interactions between the molecules of the ECM and the cells. The ECM-cell interactions are mediated via cell surface receptors either directly or indirectly with co-operative molecules. The ECM is also under perpetual remodeling process influencing cell-signaling pathways on its part. The fragmentation of ECM macromolecules provides even further complexity for the intricate environment of the cells. However, as long as the interactions between the ECM and the cells are in balance, the health of the body is retained. Alternatively, any dysregulation in these interactions can lead to pathological processes and finally to various diseases. Thus, therapeutic applications that are based on retaining normal ECM-cell interactions are highly rationale. Moreover, in the light of the current knowledge, also concurrent multi-targeting of the complex ECM-cell interactions is required for potent pharmacotherapies to be developed in the future.
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Cao B, Li Y, Yang T, Bao Q, Yang M, Mao C. Bacteriophage-based biomaterials for tissue regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 145:73-95. [PMID: 30452949 PMCID: PMC6522342 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage, also called phage, is a human-safe bacteria-specific virus. It is a monodisperse biological nanostructure made of proteins (forming the outside surface) and nucleic acids (encased in the protein capsid). Among different types of phages, filamentous phages have received great attention in tissue regeneration research due to their unique nanofiber-like morphology. They can be produced in an error-free format, self-assemble into ordered scaffolds, display multiple signaling peptides site-specifically, and serve as a platform for identifying novel signaling or homing peptides. They can direct stem cell differentiation into specific cell types when they are organized into proper patterns or display suitable peptides. These unusual features have allowed scientists to employ them to regenerate a variety of tissues, including bone, nerves, cartilage, skin, and heart. This review will summarize the progress in the field of phage-based tissue regeneration and the future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binrui Cao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, United States
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Qing Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Mingying Yang
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, United States; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.
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13
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Hauser-Kawaguchi A, Luyt LG, Turley E. Design of peptide mimetics to block pro-inflammatory functions of HA fragments. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:346-356. [PMID: 29408009 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan is a simple extracellular matrix polysaccharide that actively regulates inflammation in tissue repair and disease processes. The native HA polymer, which is large (>500 kDa), contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis. In remodeling and diseased tissues, polymer size is strikingly polydisperse, ranging from <10 kDa to >500 kDa. In a diseased or stressed tissue context, both smaller HA fragments and high molecular weight HA polymers can acquire pro-inflammatory functions, which result in the activation of multiple receptors, triggering pro-inflammatory signaling to diverse stimuli. Peptide mimics that bind and scavenge HA fragments have been developed, which show efficacy in animal models of inflammation. These studies indicate both that HA fragments are key to driving inflammation and that scavenging these is a viable therapeutic approach to blunting inflammation in disease processes. This mini-review summarizes the peptide-based methods that have been reported to date for blocking HA signaling events as an anti-inflammatory therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonard G Luyt
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Cancer Research Laboratories, London Regional Cancer Center, Victoria Hospital, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Eva Turley
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Cancer Research Laboratories, London Regional Cancer Center, Victoria Hospital, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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14
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Avenoso A, D'Ascola A, Scuruchi M, Mandraffino G, Calatroni A, Saitta A, Campo S, Campo GM. Hyaluronan in experimental injured/inflamed cartilage: In vivo studies. Life Sci 2018; 193:132-140. [PMID: 29126884 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Joint disease is characterized by an imbalance between the synthesis and degradation of articular cartilage and subchondral bone accompanied by capsular fibrosis, osteophyte formation and varying degrees of inflammation of the synovial membrane. Many animal models have been developed to study arthritis and osteoarthritis that enable experimental conditions, diet and environmental risk factors to be carefully controlled. Animal-based studies have demonstrated the positive effects of exogenous HA on the preservation of joint cartilage in different models of arthritis and osteoarthritis. Although many promising effects of exogenous HA have been reported, there remains uncertainty as to its effectiveness in reversing cartilage injury and other manifestations of joint diseases because of difficulties in interpreting and unifying the results of these studies. A review of the literature of the last decade was conducted to report the results and to determine what we have learned from animal models in relation to joint inflammation induced by experimental models and HA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Avenoso
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, Policlinico Universitario, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela D'Ascola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Scuruchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Alberto Calatroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Saitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Campo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, Policlinico Universitario, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M Campo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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15
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Avenoso A, D'Ascola A, Scuruchi M, Mandraffino G, Calatroni A, Saitta A, Campo S, Campo GM. Hyaluronan in the experimental injury of the cartilage: biochemical action and protective effects. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:5-20. [PMID: 28803264 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our knowledge of extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and function has increased enormously over the last decade or so. There is evidence demonstrating that ECM provides signals affecting cell adhesion, shape, migration, proliferation, survival, and differentiation. ECM presents many domains that become active after proteolytic cleavage. These active ECM fragments are called matrikines which play different roles; in particular, they may act as potent inflammatory mediators during cartilage injury. FINDINGS A major component of the ECM that undergoes dynamic regulation during cartilage damage and inflammation is the non-sulphated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) hyaluronan (HA). In this contest, HA is the most studied because of its different activity due to the different polymerization state. In vivo evidences have shown that low molecular weight HA exerts pro-inflammatory action, while high molecular weight HA possesses anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the beneficial HA effects on arthritis are not only limited to its viscosity and lubricant action on the joints, but it is especially due to a specific and effective anti-inflammatory activity. Several in vitro experimental investigations demonstrated that HA treatment may regulate different biochemical pathways involved during the cartilage damage. Emerging reports are suggesting that the ability to recognize receptors both for the HA degraded fragments, whether for the high-polymerized native HA involve interaction with integrins, toll-like receptors (TLRs), and the cluster determinant (CD44). The activation of these receptors induced by small HA fragments, via the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cell (NF-kB) mediation, directly or other different pathways, produces the transcription of a large number of damaging intermediates that lead to cartilage erosion. CONCLUSIONS This review briefly summarizes a number of findings of the recent studies focused on the protective effects of HA, at the different polymerization states, on experimental arthritis in vitro both in animal and human cultured chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Avenoso
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, Policlinico Universitario, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela D'Ascola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, Torre Biologica, 5° piano, Via C. Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Scuruchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, Torre Biologica, 5° piano, Via C. Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, Torre Biologica, 5° piano, Via C. Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Alberto Calatroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, Torre Biologica, 5° piano, Via C. Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Saitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, Torre Biologica, 5° piano, Via C. Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Campo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, Policlinico Universitario, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M Campo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, Torre Biologica, 5° piano, Via C. Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy.
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16
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis is characterized by a chronic, progressive and irreversible degradation of the articular cartilage associated with joint inflammation and a reparative bone response. More than 100 million people are affected by this condition worldwide with significant health and welfare costs. Our available treatment options in osteoarthritis are extremely limited. Chondral or osteochondral grafts have shown some promising results but joint replacement surgery is by far the most common therapeutic approach. The difficulty lies on the limited regeneration capacity of the articular cartilage, poor blood supply and the paucity of resident progenitor stem cells. In addition, our poor understanding of the molecular signalling pathways involved in the senescence and apoptosis of chondrocytes is a major factor restricting further progress in the area. This review focuses on molecules and approaches that can be implemented to delay or even rescue chondrocyte apoptosis. Ways of modulating the physiologic response to trauma preventing chondrocyte death are proposed. The use of several cytokines, growth factors and advances made in altering several of the degenerative genetic pathways involved in chondrocyte apoptosis and degradation are also presented. The suggested approaches can help clinicians to improve cartilage tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippokratis Pountos
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK.
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, UK; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Center, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK.
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17
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Veronesi F, Dallari D, Sabbioni G, Carubbi C, Martini L, Fini M. Polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRNs) From Skin to Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration via Adenosine A 2A Receptor Involvement. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2299-2307. [PMID: 27791262 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRNs) are low molecular weight DNA molecules of natural origin that stimulate cell migration and growth, extracellular matrix (ECM) protein production, and reduce inflammation. Most preclinical and clinical studies on tissue regeneration with PDRNs focused on skin, and only few are about musculoskeletal tissues. Starting from an overview on skin regeneration studies, through the analysis of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies (1990-2016), the present review aimed at defining the effects of PDRN and their mechanisms of action in the regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues. This would also help future researches in this area. A total of 29 studies were found by PubMed and www.webofknowledge.com searches: 20 were on skin (six in vitro, six in vivo, one vitro/vivo, seven clinical studies), while the other nine regarded bone (one in vitro, two in vivo, one clinical studies), cartilage (one in vitro, one vitro/vivo, two clinical studies), or tendon (one clinical study) tissues regeneration. PDRNs improved cell growth, tissue repair, ECM proteins, physical activity, and reduced pain and inflammation, through the activation of adenosine A2A receptor. PDRNs are currently used for bone, cartilage, and tendon diseases, with a great variability regarding the PDRN dosage to be used in clinical practice, while the dosage for skin regeneration is well established. PDRNs are usually administered from a minimum of three to a maximum of five times and they act trough the activation of A2A receptor. Further studies are advisable to confirm the effectiveness of PDRNs and to standardize the PDRN dose. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2299-2307, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Veronesi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Via Di Barbiano, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dante Dallari
- Conservative Orthopedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques Ward, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Sabbioni
- Conservative Orthopedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques Ward, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Carubbi
- Conservative Orthopedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques Ward, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Martini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Via Di Barbiano, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Via Di Barbiano, Bologna, Italy
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18
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van Waarde A, Dierckx RAJO, Zhou X, Khanapur S, Tsukada H, Ishiwata K, Luurtsema G, de Vries EFJ, Elsinga PH. Potential Therapeutic Applications of Adenosine A 2A Receptor Ligands and Opportunities for A 2A Receptor Imaging. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:5-56. [PMID: 28128443 DOI: 10.1002/med.21432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptors (A2A Rs) are highly expressed in the human striatum, and at lower densities in the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, and cells of the immune system. Antagonists of these receptors are potentially useful for the treatment of motor fluctuations, epilepsy, postischemic brain damage, or cognitive impairment, and for the control of an immune checkpoint during immunotherapy of cancer. A2A R agonists may suppress transplant rejection and graft-versus-host disease; be used to treat inflammatory disorders such as asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis; be locally applied to promote wound healing and be employed in a strategy for transient opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) so that therapeutic drugs and monoclonal antibodies can enter the brain. Increasing A2A R signaling in adipose tissue is also a potential strategy to combat obesity. Several radioligands for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of A2A Rs have been developed in recent years. This review article presents a critical overview of the potential therapeutic applications of A2A R ligands, the use of A2A R imaging in drug development, and opportunities and limitations of PET imaging in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aren van Waarde
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shivashankar Khanapur
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hideo Tsukada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamakita, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 434-8601, Japan
| | - Kiichi Ishiwata
- Research Institute of Cyclotron and Drug Discovery Research, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, 7-115 Yatsuyamada, Koriyama, 963-8052, Japan.,Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.,Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Gert Luurtsema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik F J de Vries
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Squadrito F, Micali A, Rinaldi M, Irrera N, Marini H, Puzzolo D, Pisani A, Lorenzini C, Valenti A, Laurà R, Germanà A, Bitto A, Pizzino G, Pallio G, Altavilla D, Minutoli L. Polydeoxyribonucleotide, an Adenosine-A2 A Receptor Agonist, Preserves Blood Testis Barrier from Cadmium-Induced Injury. Front Pharmacol 2017; 7:537. [PMID: 28119612 PMCID: PMC5222826 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) impairs blood-testis barrier (BTB). Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), an adenosine A2A agonist, has positive effects on male reproductive system. We investigated the effects of PDRN on the morphological and functional changes induced by Cd in mice testes. Adult Swiss mice were divided into four groups: controls administered with 0.9% NaCl (1 ml/kg, i.p., daily) or with PDRN (8 mg/kg, i.p. daily), animals challenged with Cd chloride (CdCl2; 2 mg/kg, i.p, daily) and animals challenged with CdCl2 (2 mg/kg, i.p., daily) and treated with PDRN (8 mg/kg, i.p., daily). Experiments lasted 14 days. Testes were processed for biochemical, structural, and ultrastructural evaluation and hormones were assayed in serum. CdCl2 increased pERK 1/2 expression and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) levels; it decreased testosterone (TE) and inhibin-B levels and induced structural damages in extratubular compartment and in seminiferous epithelium, with ultrastructural features of BTB disruption. Many TUNEL-positive germ cells were present. CdCl2 increased tubular TGF-β3 immunoreactivity and reduced claudin-11, occludin, and N-cadherin immunoreactivity. PDRN administration reduced pERK 1/2 expression, FSH, and LH levels; it increased TE and inhibin-B levels, ameliorated germinal epithelium changes and protected BTB ultrastructure. Few TUNEL-positive germ cells were present and the extratubular compartment was preserved. Furthermore, PDRN decreased TGF-β3 immunoreactivity and enhanced claudin-11, occludin, and N-cadherin immunoreactivity. We demonstrate a protective effect of PDRN on Cd-induced damages of BTB and suggest that PDRN may play an important role against Cd, particularly against its harmful effects on gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Micali
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Rinaldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Herbert Marini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Puzzolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Antonina Pisani
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Cesare Lorenzini
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Valenti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Laurà
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Germanà
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pizzino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
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20
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The Signaling Pathways Involved in Chondrocyte Differentiation and Hypertrophic Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:2470351. [PMID: 28074096 PMCID: PMC5198191 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2470351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes communicate with each other mainly via diffusible signals rather than direct cell-to-cell contact. The chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is well regulated by the interactions of varieties of growth factors, cytokines, and signaling molecules. A number of critical signaling molecules have been identified to regulate the differentiation of chondrocyte from mesenchymal progenitor cells to their terminal maturation of hypertrophic chondrocytes, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), SRY-related high-mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9), parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), and β-catenin. Except for these molecules, other factors such as adenosine, O2 tension, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) also have a vital role in cartilage formation and chondrocyte maturation. Here, we outlined the complex transcriptional network and the function of key factors in this network that determine and regulate the genetic program of chondrogenesis and chondrocyte differentiation.
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21
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Controlled Release of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist from Hyaluronic Acid-Chitosan Microspheres Attenuates Interleukin-1 β-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis in Chondrocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6290957. [PMID: 27872853 PMCID: PMC5107216 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6290957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the protective effect of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) released from hyaluronic acid chitosan (HA-CS) microspheres in a controlled manner on IL-1β-induced inflammation and apoptosis in chondrocytes. The IL-1Ra release kinetics was characterized by an initial burst release, which was reduced to a linear release over eight days. Chondrocytes were stimulated with 10 ng/ml IL-1β and subsequently incubated with HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres. The cell viability was decreased by IL-1β, which was attenuated by HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres as indicated by an MTT assay. ELISA showed that HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres inhibited IL-1β-induced inflammation by attenuating increases in NO2− and prostaglandin E2 levels as well as increase in glycosaminoglycan release. A terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assay revealed that the IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis was decreased by HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres. Moreover, HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres blocked IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis by increasing B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and decreasing Bcl-2-associated X protein and caspase-3 expressions at mRNA and protein levels, as indicated by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. The results of the present study indicated that HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres as a controlled release system of IL-1Ra possess potential anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties in rat chondrocytes due to their ability to regulate inflammatory factors and apoptosis associated genes.
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22
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Song B, Zhou T, Yang WL, Liu J, Shao LQ. Programmed cell death in periodontitis: recent advances and future perspectives. Oral Dis 2016; 23:609-619. [PMID: 27576069 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent infectious disease, characterized by destruction of the periodontium, and is the main cause of tooth loss. Periodontitis is initiated by periodontal pathogens, while other risk factors including smoking, stress, and systemic diseases aggravate its progression. Periodontitis affects many people worldwide, but the molecular mechanisms by which pathogens and risk factors destroy the periodontium are unclear. Programmed cell death (PCD), different from necrosis, is an active cell death mediated by a cascade of gene expression events and can be mainly classified into apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. Although PCD is involved in many inflammatory diseases, its correlation with periodontitis is unclear. After reviewing the relevant published articles, we found that apoptosis has indeed been reported to play a role in periodontitis. However, the role of autophagy in periodontitis needs further verification. Additionally, implication of necroptosis or pyroptosis in periodontitis remains unknown. Therefore, we recommend future studies, which will unravel the pivotal role of PCD in periodontitis, allowing us to prevent, diagnose, and treat the disease, as well as predict its outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Song
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - T Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - W L Yang
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - J Liu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Q Shao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Taatjes DJ, Roth J. The Histochemistry and Cell Biology omnium-gatherum: the year 2015 in review. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 145:239-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Schwertfeger KL, Cowman MK, Telmer PG, Turley EA, McCarthy JB. Hyaluronan, Inflammation, and Breast Cancer Progression. Front Immunol 2015; 6:236. [PMID: 26106384 PMCID: PMC4459097 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer-induced inflammation in the tumor reactive stroma supports invasion and malignant progression and is contributed to by a variety of host cells including macrophages and fibroblasts. Inflammation appears to be initiated by tumor cells and surrounding host fibroblasts that secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) to create a pro-inflammatory “cancerized” or tumor reactive microenvironment that supports tumor expansion and invasion. The tissue polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) is an example of an ECM component within the cancerized microenvironment that promotes breast cancer progression. Like many ECM molecules, the function of native high-molecular weight HA is altered by fragmentation, which is promoted by oxygen/nitrogen free radicals and release of hyaluronidases within the tumor microenvironment. HA fragments are pro-inflammatory and activate signaling pathways that promote survival, migration, and invasion within both tumor and host cells through binding to HA receptors such as CD44 and RHAMM/HMMR. In breast cancer, elevated HA in the peri-tumor stroma and increased HA receptor expression are prognostic for poor outcome and are associated with disease recurrence. This review addresses the critical issues regarding tumor-induced inflammation and its role in breast cancer progression focusing specifically on the changes in HA metabolism within tumor reactive stroma as a key factor in malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Schwertfeger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN , USA
| | - Mary K Cowman
- Biomatrix Research Center, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering , New York, NY , USA
| | - Patrick G Telmer
- Department of Oncology, London Health Science Center, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University , London, ON , Canada ; Department of Biochemistry and Surgery, London Health Science Center, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University , London, ON , Canada
| | - Eva A Turley
- Department of Oncology, London Health Science Center, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University , London, ON , Canada ; Department of Biochemistry and Surgery, London Health Science Center, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University , London, ON , Canada
| | - James B McCarthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN , USA
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