1
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Granata S, Bernardini C, Glogowski PA, Romito G, Salaroli R, Algieri C, Cugliari A, Fabbri M, Trombetti F, Zannoni A, Nesci S. Mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction linked to myxomatous mitral valve degeneration explored by PBMCs metabolism analysis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149505. [PMID: 39154699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2024.149505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Impaired mitochondria cause an impressive decrease in ATP production becoming a common condition of cardiovascular diseases. Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. By a non-invasive procedure of metabolism analysis on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we exploit ex-vivo studies that directly constitute a translational approach to evaluate the cell bioenergetics. Cell ATP production decreased in the presence of MMVD, whereas glycolysis was unaffected. In MMVD, the mitochondrial activity underwent a significant reduction of basal respiration, maximal respiration, and ATP production. Our results depicted a pathological condition of MMVD characterized by cell metabolism deprived of mitochondrial energy support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Bernardini
- Dep. of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Romito
- Dep. of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Roberta Salaroli
- Dep. of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Cristina Algieri
- Dep. of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Antonia Cugliari
- Dep. of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Micaela Fabbri
- Dep. of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Dep. of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Dep. of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Dep. of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy.
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2
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Bernardini C, Nesci S, La Mantia D, Salaroli R, Nauwelaerts N, Ventrella D, Elmi A, Trombetti F, Zannoni A, Forni M. Isolation and characterization of mammary epithelial cells derived from Göttingen Minipigs: A comparative study versus hybrid pig cells from the IMI-ConcePTION Project. Res Vet Sci 2024; 172:105244. [PMID: 38554548 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The value of pig as "large animal model" is a well-known tool for translational medicine, but it can also be beneficial in studying animal health in a one-health vision. The ConcePTION Project aims to provide new information about the risks associated with medication use during breastfeeding, as this information is not available for most commonly used drugs. In the IMI-Conception context, Göttingen Minipigs have been preferred to hybrid pigs for their genetic stability and microbiological control. For the first time, in the present research, three primary cell cultures of mammary epithelial cells were isolated and characterized from Göttingen Minipigs (mpMECs), including their ability to create the epithelial barrier. In addition, a comparative analysis between Göttingen Minipigs and commercial hybrid pig mammary epithelial cells (pMECs) was conducted. Epithelial markers: CKs, CK18, E-CAD, ZO-1 and OCL, were expressed in both mpMECs and pMECs. RT2 Profiler PCR Array Pig Drug Transporters showed a similar profile in mRNA drug transporters. No difference in energy production under basal metabolic condition was evidenced, while under stressed state, a different metabolic behaviour was shown between mpMECs vs pMECs. TEER measurement and sodium fluorescein transport, indicated that mpMECs were able to create an epithelial barrier, although, this turned out to be less compact than pMECs. By comparing mpMECs with mammary epithelial cells isolated from Hybrid pigs (pMECs), although both cell lines have morphological and phenotypic characteristics that make them both useful in barrier studies, some specific differences exist and must be considered in a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Debora La Mantia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Roberta Salaroli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nina Nauwelaerts
- KU Leuven Drug Delivery and Disposition Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven University, Belgium.
| | - Domenico Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alberto Elmi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell 'Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Monica Forni
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
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3
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Zhang CW, Zou YF, Zou Y, JiZe XP, Li CY, Fu YP, Huang C, Li LX, Yin ZQ, Wu FM, Rise F, Inngjerdingen KT, Zhang SQ, Zhao XH, Song X, Zhou X, Ye G, Tian ML. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Paeoniae Radix alba: Extraction optimization, structural characterization and antioxidant mechanism in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131816. [PMID: 38677682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Paeoniae Radix alba is used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, immunomodulatory, cancer, and other diseases. In the current study, the yield of Paeoniae Radix alba polysaccharide (PRP) was significantly increased with optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction compared to hot water extraction. Further, an acidic polysaccharide (PRP-AP) was isolated from PRP after chromatographic separation and was characterized as a typical pectic polysaccharide with side chains of arabinogalactans types I and II. Moreover, it showed antioxidant effects on LPS-induced damage on IPEC-J2 cells determined by qRT-PCR and ELISA, including decreasing the pro-inflammatory factors' expressions and increasing the antioxidant enzymes activities, which was shown to be related to the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway modulated by PRP-AP. The metabolites change (such as itaconate, cholesterol sulfate, etc.) detected by untargeted metabolomic analysis in cells was also shown to be modulated by PRP-AP, and these metabolites were further utilized and protected cells damaged by LPS. These results revealed the cellular active mechanism of the macromolecular PRP-AP on protecting cells, and supported the hypothesis that PRP-AP has strong benefits as an alternative dietary supplement for the prevention of intestinal oxidative stress by modulating cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Wen Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Feng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Ping JiZe
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Cen-Yu Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yu-Ping Fu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Xia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhong-Qiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | | | - Frode Rise
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Tvete Inngjerdingen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sha-Qiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gang Ye
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Meng-Liang Tian
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Kiššová Z, Mudroňová D, Link R, Tkáčiková Ľ. Immunomodulatory effect of probiotic exopolysaccharides in a porcine in vitro co-culture model mimicking the intestinal environment on ETEC infection. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:705-724. [PMID: 37875712 PMCID: PMC10998797 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of EPS-L26 isolated from the probiotic strain Lactobacillus (Limosilactobacillus) reuteri L26 Biocenol™, in a model of infection with an enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) by establishing monocultures consisting of the IPEC-J2 cell line or monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) and creating a 3D model of cell co-cultures established with IPEC-J2 cells and moDCs. The immunomodulatory and immunoprotective potential of used EPS-L26 was confirmed in monocultures in an experimental group of pretreated cells, where our study showed that pretreatment of cells with EPS-L26 and subsequent exposure to infection resulted in significantly down-regulated mRNA levels of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines compared to ETEC challenge in single cell cultures (in IPEC-J2, decreased mRNA levels for TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-12p35; in moDCs, decreased mRNA levels for IL-1β). Similar to monocultures, we also demonstrated the immunostimulatory potential of the ETEC strain in the co-culture model on directly treated IPEC-J2 cells cultivated on insert chambers (apical compartment) and also on indirectly treated moDCs cultivated in the lower chamber (basolateral compartment), however in the co-culture model the expression of inflammatory cytokines was attenuated at the mRNA level compared to monocultures. Pretreatment of the cells on the insert chambers pointed to the immunoprotective properties of EPS-L26, manifested by decreased mRNA levels in both cell lines compared to ETEC challenge (in IPEC-J2 decreased mRNA levels for IL-12p35; in moDCs decreased mRNA levels for IL-1β, IL-6). Our results suggest intercellular communication via humoral signals derived from IPEC-J2 cells by influencing the gene expression of indirectly treated moDC cells located in the basolateral compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kiššová
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Dagmar Mudroňová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Róbert Link
- Clinik of Swine, University Veterinary Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ľudmila Tkáčiková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovakia.
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Vultaggio-Poma V, Scussel Bergamin L, Falzoni S, Tarantini M, Giuliani AL, Sandonà D, Polverino De Laureto P, Di Virgilio F. Fetal bovine serum contains biologically available ATP. Purinergic Signal 2024; 20:83-89. [PMID: 37074620 PMCID: PMC10828325 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP is a ubiquitous extracellular messenger released in a wide number of pathophysiological conditions. ATP is known to be present in minute amounts in the extracellular space in healthy tissues and in the blood, and to modulate a multiplicity of cell responses. Cell culture systems are widely used to explore purinergic signaling. We show here that currently used fetal bovine sera contain ATP in the 300-1300 pmol/L range. Serum ATP is associated with albumin as well as with microparticle/microvesicle fraction. Serum microparticles/microvesicles affect in vitro cell responses due to their content of miRNAs, growth factors, and other bioactive molecules. ATP is likely to be one of these bioactive factors found in a variable amount in sera of different commercial sources. ATP in serum supports ATP-dependent biochemical reactions such as the hexokinase-dependent phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate, and affects purinergic signaling. These findings show that cells growing in vitro in serum-supplemented media are exposed to varying levels of extracellular ATP, and thus to varying degrees of purinergic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simonetta Falzoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mario Tarantini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Giuliani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Dorianna Sandonà
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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6
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Guerbette T, Rioux V, Bostoën M, Ciesielski V, Coppens-Exandier H, Buraud M, Lan A, Boudry G. Saturated fatty acids differently affect mitochondrial function and the intestinal epithelial barrier depending on their chain length in the in vitro model of IPEC-J2 enterocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1266842. [PMID: 38362040 PMCID: PMC10867211 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1266842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Maintenance of the intestinal barrier mainly relies on the mitochondrial function of intestinal epithelial cells that provide ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Dietary fatty acid overload might induce mitochondrial dysfunction of enterocytes and may increase intestinal permeability as indicated by previous in vitro studies with palmitic acid (C16:0). Yet the impact of other dietary saturated fatty acids remains poorly described. Methods: To address this question, the in vitro model of porcine enterocytes IPEC-J2 was treated for 3 days with 250 µM of lauric (C12:0), myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0) or stearic (C18:0) acids. Results and discussion: Measurement of the transepithelial electrical resistance, reflecting tight junction integrity, revealed that only C16:0 and C18:0 increased epithelial permeability, without modifying the expression of genes encoding tight junction proteins. Bioenergetic measurements indicated that C16:0 and C18:0 were barely β-oxidized by IPEC-J2. However, they rather induced significant OXPHOS uncoupling and reduced ATP production compared to C12:0 and C14:0. These bioenergetic alterations were associated with elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial fission. Although C12:0 and C14:0 treatment induced significant lipid storage and enhanced fusion of the mitochondrial network, it only mildly decreased ATP production without altering epithelial barrier. These results point out that the longer chain fatty acids C16:0 and C18:0 increased intestinal permeability, contrary to C12:0 and C14:0. In addition, C16:0 and C18:0 induced an important energy deprivation, notably via increased proton leaks, mitochondrial remodeling, and elevated ROS production in enterocytes compared to C12:0 and C14:0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Guerbette
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Rioux
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, Rennes, France
- Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, Rennes, France
| | - Mégane Bostoën
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Ciesielski
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, Rennes, France
- Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, Rennes, France
| | | | - Marine Buraud
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Annaïg Lan
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, Rennes, France
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Boudry
- Institut NuMeCan, INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, Rennes, France
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Qiu W, Zhang X, Pang X, Huang J, Zhou S, Wu R, Wang R, Tang Z, Su R. Tert-butylhydroquinone attenuates LPS-induced pyroptosis of IPEC-J2 cells via downregulating HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB axis. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:194-205. [PMID: 37675629 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory response induced by biological stress usually occurs in weaning piglets, it reduces the production performance of piglets and even causes death. Tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) is a food additive that has the effect of anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. However, there are few reports related to the protective mechanisms of TBHQ on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced injury in intestinal porcine epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively, detected the mRNA levels and protein expressions related to pyroptosis, tight junction (TJ) protein and high-mobility group box 1/toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-B (HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB) axis. Localisation and expression of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), HMGB1 and P-NF-κB proteins detected by immunofluorescence. The results showed that TBHQ (12.5 and 25 μM) can increase cell activity and reduce intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in a dose-dependent manner. LPS significantly decreases cell viability and increases the LDH level. However, pretreatment with TBHQ evidently increases cell viability and decreases the LDH level of IPEC-J2 cells. In addition, treatment with LPS decreased the mRNA level and protein expression of zonula occludens-1, occludin and claudin-1, and increased the mRNA level and protein expression of pyroptosis and HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB axis. Interestingly, pretreatment with TBHQ increased the TJ protein expressions as well as decreased the mRNA level and protein expressions of pyroptosis and HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB axis. Moreover, the results of immunofluorescence showed that TBHQ significantly reduced the expression of NLRP3, HMGB1 and P-NF-κB in LPS-induced injury of IPEC-J2 cells. Therefore, we come to the conclusion that TBHQ attenuates LPS-induced pyroptosis in IPEC-J2 cells through downregulation of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB axis, TBHQ may become a potential feed additive for preventing inflammatory diarrhoea in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China of Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinting Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China of Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyue Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China of Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjia Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China of Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuilian Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China of Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruixia Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China of Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongmei Wang
- Yingdong College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China of Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongsheng Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China of Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Hashizume T, Ozawa Y, Ying BW. Employing active learning in the optimization of culture medium for mammalian cells. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2023; 9:20. [PMID: 37253825 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Medium optimization is a crucial step during cell culture for biopharmaceutics and regenerative medicine; however, this step remains challenging, as both media and cells are highly complex systems. Here, we addressed this issue by employing active learning. Specifically, we introduced machine learning to cell culture experiments to optimize culture medium. The cell line HeLa-S3 and the gradient-boosting decision tree algorithm were used to find optimized media as pilot studies. To acquire the training data, cell culture was performed in a large variety of medium combinations. The cellular NAD(P)H abundance, represented as A450, was used to indicate the goodness of culture media. In active learning, regular and time-saving modes were developed using culture data at 168 h and 96 h, respectively. Both modes successfully fine-tuned 29 components to generate a medium for improved cell culture. Intriguingly, the two modes provided different predictions for the concentrations of vitamins and amino acids, and a significant decrease was commonly predicted for fetal bovine serum (FBS) compared to the commercial medium. In addition, active learning-assisted medium optimization significantly increased the cellular concentration of NAD(P)H, an active chemical with a constant abundance in living cells. Our study demonstrated the efficiency and practicality of active learning for medium optimization and provided valuable information for employing machine learning technology in cell biology experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Hashizume
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuki Ozawa
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Bei-Wen Ying
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan.
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9
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Algieri C, Bernardini C, Oppedisano F, La Mantia D, Trombetti F, Palma E, Forni M, Mollace V, Romeo G, Troisio I, Nesci S. The Impairment of Cell Metabolism by Cardiovascular Toxicity of Doxorubicin Is Reversed by Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction Treatment in Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168977. [PMID: 36012238 PMCID: PMC9409165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of bergamot polyphenolic fraction (BPF) on the mitochondrial bioenergetics of porcine aortic endothelial cells (pAECs) were verified under the cardiotoxic action of doxorubicin (DOX). The cell viability of pAECs treated for 24 h with different concentrations of DOX was reduced by 50%, but the negative effect of DOX was reversed in the presence of increasing doses of BPF (100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL BPF). An analysis of the protective effect of BPF on the toxic action of DOX was also carried out on cell respiration. We observed the inhibition of the mitochondrial activity at 10 µM DOX, which was not restored by 200 µg/mL BPF. Conversely, the decrease in basal respiration and ATP production caused by 0.5 or 1.0 µM DOX were improved in the presence of 100 or 200 µg/mL BPF, respectively. After 24 h of cell recovery with 100 µg/mL or 200 µg/mL BPF on pAECs treated with 0.5 µM or 1.0 µM DOX, respectively, the mitochondrial parameters of oxidative metabolism impaired by DOX were re-boosted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.O.); (V.M.)
| | - Debora La Mantia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.O.); (V.M.)
| | - Giovanni Romeo
- Medical Genetics Unit, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Troisio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
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Algieri C, Bernardini C, Oppedisano F, La Mantia D, Trombetti F, Palma E, Forni M, Mollace V, Romeo G, Nesci S. Mitochondria Bioenergetic Functions and Cell Metabolism Are Modulated by the Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction. Cells 2022; 11:1401. [PMID: 35563707 PMCID: PMC9099917 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The bergamot polyphenolic fraction (BPF) was evaluated in the F1FO-ATPase activity of swine heart mitochondria. In the presence of a concentration higher than 50 µg/mL BPF, the ATPase activity of F1FO-ATPase, dependent on the natural cofactor Mg2+, increased by 15%, whereas the enzyme activity in the presence of Ca2+ was inhibited by 10%. By considering this opposite BPF effect, the F1FO-ATPase activity involved in providing ATP synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation and triggering mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) formation has been evaluated. The BPF improved the catalytic coupling of oxidative phosphorylation in the presence of a substrate at the first phosphorylation site, boosting the respiratory control ratios (state 3/state 4) by 25% and 85% with 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL BPF, respectively. Conversely, the substrate at the second phosphorylation site led to the improvement of the state 3/state 4 ratios by 15% only with 100 µg/mL BPF. Moreover, the BPF carried out its beneficial effect on the mPTP phenomenon by desensitizing the pore opening. The acute effect of the BPF on the metabolism of porcine aortica endothelial cells (pAECs) showed an ATP rate index greater than one, which points out a prevailing mitochondrial oxidative metabolism with respect to the glycolytic pathway, and this ratio rose by about three times with 100 µg/mL BPF. Consistently, the mitochondrial ATP turnover, in addition to the basal and maximal respiration, were higher in the presence of the BPF than in the controls, and the MTT test revealed an increase in cell viability with a BPF concentration above 200 µg/mL. Therefore, the molecule mixture of the BPF aims to ensure good performance of the mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (C.A.); (C.B.); (D.L.M.); (F.T.); (M.F.); (S.N.)
| | - Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (C.A.); (C.B.); (D.L.M.); (F.T.); (M.F.); (S.N.)
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Debora La Mantia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (C.A.); (C.B.); (D.L.M.); (F.T.); (M.F.); (S.N.)
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (C.A.); (C.B.); (D.L.M.); (F.T.); (M.F.); (S.N.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (C.A.); (C.B.); (D.L.M.); (F.T.); (M.F.); (S.N.)
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Romeo
- Department Gynecological, Obstetrical and Pediatric Sciences, Medical Genetics Unit, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (C.A.); (C.B.); (D.L.M.); (F.T.); (M.F.); (S.N.)
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Development of a Pig Mammary Epithelial Cell Culture Model as a Non-Clinical Tool for Studying Epithelial Barrier-A Contribution from the IMI-ConcePTION Project. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072012. [PMID: 34359140 PMCID: PMC8300391 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The information about the risks related to the use of medication during breastfeeding is lacking for most commonly used drugs. The ConcePTION project aims to fill this gap using multiple approaches. Within the project, the pig has been selected as the most appropriate in vivo animal model. In agreement with the application of the “3Rs” principle (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) and international legislations, the present paper reports the establishment of cellular lines of porcine mammary epithelial cells as a valid tool to study the mammary epithelial barrier function in vitro. Abstract The ConcePTION project aims at generating further knowledge about the risks related to the use of medication during breastfeeding, as this information is lacking for most commonly used drugs. Taking into consideration multiple aspects, the pig model has been considered by the consortium as the most appropriate choice. The present research was planned to develop an efficient method for the isolation and culture of porcine Mammary Epithelial Cells (pMECs) to study the mammary epithelial barrier in vitro. Mammary gland tissues were collected at a local slaughterhouse, dissociated and the selected cellular population was cultured, expanded and characterized by morphology, cell cycle analysis and immunophenotyping. Their ability to create a barrier was tested by TEER measurement and sodium fluorescein transport activity. Expression of 84 genes related to drug transporters was evaluated by a PCR array. Our results show that primary cells express epithelial cell markers: CKs, CK18, E-Cad and tight junctions molecules ZO-1 and OCL. All the three pMEC cellular lines were able to create a tight barrier, although with different strengths and kinetics, and express the main ABC and SLC drug transporters. In conclusion, in the present paper we have reported an efficient method to obtain primary pMEC lines to study epithelial barrier function in the pig model.
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Bernardini C, Algieri C, La Mantia D, Trombetti F, Pagliarani A, Forni M, Nesci S. Vitamin K Vitamers Differently Affect Energy Metabolism in IPEC-J2 Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:682191. [PMID: 34109217 PMCID: PMC8184094 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.682191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The fat-soluble vitamin K (VK) has long been known as a requirement for blood coagulation, but like other vitamins, has been recently recognized to play further physiological roles, particularly in cell development and homeostasis. Vertebrates cannot de novo synthesize VK, which is essential, and it can only be obtained from the diet or by the activity of the gut microbiota. The IPEC-J2 cell line, obtained from porcine small intestine, which shows strong similarities to the human one, represents an excellent functional model to in vitro study the effect of compounds at the intestinal level. The acute VK treatments on the bioenergetic features of IPEC-J2 cells were evaluated by Seahorse XP Agilent technology. VK exists in different structurally related forms (vitamers), all featured by a naphtoquinone moiety, but with distinct effects on IPEC-J2 energy metabolism. The VK1, which has a long hydrocarbon chain, at both concentrations (5 and 10 μM), increases the cellular ATP production due to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by 5% and by 30% through glycolysis. The VK2 at 5 μM only stimulates ATP production by OXPHOS. Conversely, 10 μM VK3, which lacks the long side chain, inhibits OXPHOS by 30% and glycolysis by 45%. However, even if IPEC-J2 cells mainly prefer OXPHOS to glycolysis to produce ATP, the OXPHOS/glycolysis ratio significantly decreases in VK1-treated cells, is unaffected by VK2, and only significantly increased by 10 μM VK3. VK1, at the two concentrations tested, does not affect the mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters, while 5 μM VK2 increases and 5 μM VK3 reduces the mitochondrial respiration (i.e., maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity). Moreover, 10 μM VK3 impairs OXPHOS, as shown by the increase in the proton leak, namely the proton backward entry to the matrix space, thus pointing out mitochondrial toxicity. Furthermore, in the presence of both VK1 and VK2 concentrations, the glycolytic parameters, namely the glycolytic capacity and the glycolytic reserve, are unaltered. In contrast, the inhibition of glycoATP production by VK3 is linked to the 80% inhibition of glycolysis, resulting in a reduced glycolytic capacity and reserve. These data, which demonstrate the VK ability to differently modulate IPEC-J2 cell energy metabolism according to the different structural features of the vitamers, can mirror VK modulatory effects on the cell membrane features and, as a cascade, on the epithelial cell properties and gut functions: balance of salt and water, macromolecule cleavage, detoxification of harmful compounds, and nitrogen recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Debora La Mantia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pagliarani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy.,Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
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