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Shi R, Gao K, Gao Y, Huang X, Yang L, Liu Q, Zhao R, Qin Y, Liu S, Zheng X, Xue Y. Mid-arm muscle circumference and triceps skinfold thickness associated with cardiometabolic disease in Chinese residents: A prospective cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:45-54. [PMID: 38036326 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The association of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) with body muscle and fat mass remains unclear. Mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) and triceps skinfold (TSF) thickness are easily obtained measuring methods for these two body compositions. This study aimed to investigate the association of CMD with MAMC and TSF thickness among Chinese residents. METHODS A total of 9440 eligible participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included in the analysis. Associations of CMD prevalence with MAMC and TSF thickness were estimated using logistic regression models. Multivariable COX proportional-hazards regression models were used to estimate the effect of baseline MAMC and TSF thickness on subsequent CMD. RESULTS Positive associations of CMD prevalence with MAMC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.169, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.110-1.232, P < 0.001) and TSF thickness (OR = 1.313, 95%CI 1.240-1.390, P < 0.001) were observed in the cross-sectional analysis. In the longitudinal study, a 1-SD increase in MAMC was associated with a 13.6% increased risk of CMD incidence (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.136, 95%CI 1.073-1.204, P < 0.001), and a 1-SD increase in TSF thickness had a 17.6% increased risk of CMD incidence (HR = 1.176, 95%CI 1.084-1.276, P < 0.001). For the CMD components, both MAMC and TSF thickness contributed to increased incidences of hypertension (HR = 1.163, 95%CI 1.097-1.233, P < 0.001 in MAMC; HR = 1.218, 95%CI 1.110-1.336, P < 0.001 in TSF thickness) and diabetes mellitus (HR = 1.166, 95%CI 1.028-1.323, P = 0.017 in MAMC; HR = 1.352, 95%CI 1.098-1.664, P = 0.004 in TSF thickness). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with higher MAMC and TSF thickness had an increased incidence of CMD, mainly hypertension and diabetes mellitus. This study revealed a seemingly counterintuitive association between body muscle mass and metabolic homeostasis. Although the potential mechanisms require further exploration, the impact of body muscle mass on metabolic health cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajie Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaorui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruonan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunan Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaopu Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yanbo Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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D'Souza AW, Hissen SL, Manabe K, Washio T, Annis MC, Sanchez B, Fu Q, Shoemaker JK. Effects of biological sex and oral contraception on the sympathetic neurocirculatory adjustments to static handgrip exercise in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R629-R644. [PMID: 37694305 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00147.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
While biological sex affects the neurocirculatory adjustments to exercise, the effects of sex hormones on sympathetic action potential (AP) patterns and ensuing vascular transduction remain unknown. We tested the hypothesis that males, and females using oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), would demonstrate larger increases in sympathetic activation and sympathetic vascular transduction compared with naturally menstruating females during static handgrip exercise (SHG) and postexercise circulatory occlusion (PECO). Young males [n = 14, 25 (5) yr], females using OCPs [n = 16, 24 (6) yr], and naturally menstruating females [n = 18, 26 (4) yr] underwent assessments of multiunit muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA)/AP discharge patterns (microneurography) and femoral artery blood flow (ultrasound) during fatiguing SHG at 40% maximum voluntary contraction and 2-min PECO. Sympathetic vascular transduction was determined as the quotient of the change in leg vascular conductance (LVC) and MSNA/AP discharge. Males demonstrated greater increases in APs/burst [males: Δ7 (6) vs. midluteal: Δ2 (3), P = 0.028] and total AP clusters [males: Δ5 (3) vs. midluteal: Δ2 (3), P = 0.008] compared with naturally menstruating females only but not those using OCPs during exercise (APs/burst: P = 0.171, total clusters: P = 0.455). Sympathetic vascular transduction of MSNA burst amplitude, APs/burst, and total AP clusters was greater in males and females using OCPs compared with naturally menstruating females (range: P = 0.004-0.044). In contrast, during PECO no group differences were observed in AP discharge (range: P = 0.510-0.872), and AP discharge was not related to LVC during PECO (range: P = 0.08-0.949). These data indicate that biological sex and OCP use impact the central generation of AP discharge, as well as the transduction of these neuronal messages into peripheral vasoconstriction during static exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W D'Souza
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Women's Heart Health Laboratory, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States
- Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Sarah L Hissen
- Women's Heart Health Laboratory, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States
- Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Kazumasa Manabe
- Women's Heart Health Laboratory, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States
- Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Takuro Washio
- Women's Heart Health Laboratory, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States
- Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Meghan C Annis
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Belinda Sanchez
- Women's Heart Health Laboratory, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States
- Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Qi Fu
- Women's Heart Health Laboratory, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States
- Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - J Kevin Shoemaker
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Lee JB, Katerberg C, Bommarito JC, Power GA, Millar PJ. Blood Pressure Responses to Postexercise Circulatory Occlusion Are Attenuated After Exercise-Induced Muscle Weakness. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1660-1671. [PMID: 37017549 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise blood pressure (BP) responses are thought to be determined by relative exercise intensity (percent maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) strength). However, cross-sectional studies report that during a static contraction, higher absolute force is associated with greater BP responses to relative intensity exercise and subsequent muscle metaboreflex activation with postexercise circulatory occlusion (PECO). We hypothesized that a bout of unaccustomed eccentric exercise would reduce knee extensor MVC and subsequently attenuate BP responses to PECO. METHODS Continuous BP, heart rate, muscle oxygenation, and knee extensor electromyography were recorded in 21 young healthy individuals (female, n = 10) during 2 min of 20% MVC static knee extension exercise and 2 min of PECO, performed before and 24 h after 300 maximal knee extensor eccentric contractions to cause exercise-induced muscle weakness. As a control, 14 participants repeated the eccentric exercise 4 wks later to test whether BP responses were altered when exercise-induced muscle weakness was attenuated via the protective effects of the repeated bout effect. RESULTS Eccentric exercise reduced MVC in all participants (144 ± 43 vs 110 ± 34 N·m, P < 0.0001). BP responses to matched relative intensity static exercise (lower absolute force) were unchanged after eccentric exercise ( P > 0.99) but were attenuated during PECO (systolic BP: 18 ± 10 vs 12 ± 9 mm Hg, P = 0.02). Exercise-induced muscle weakness modulated the deoxygenated hemoglobin response to static exercise (64% ± 22% vs 46% ± 22%, P = 0.04). When repeated after 4 wks, exercise-induced weakness after eccentric exercise was attenuated (-21.6% ± 14.3% vs -9.3 ± 9.7, P = 0.0002) and BP responses to PECO were not different from control values (all, P > 0.96). CONCLUSIONS BP responses to muscle metaboreflex activation, but not exercise, are attenuated by exercise-induced muscle weakness, indicating a contribution of absolute exercise intensity on muscle metaboreflex activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan B Lee
- Human Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Carlin Katerberg
- Human Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Julian C Bommarito
- Human Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Geoffrey A Power
- Neuromechanical Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Philip J Millar
- Human Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, CANADA
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Beetroot Juice Produces Changes in Heart Rate Variability and Reduces Internal Load during Resistance Training in Men: A Randomized Double-Blind Crossover. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235119. [PMID: 36501148 PMCID: PMC9738238 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Beetroot juice (BJ) has been used as a sport supplement, improving performance in resistance training (RT). However, its effect on the modulation of the autonomic nervous system has not yet been widely studied. Therefore, the objective of this randomized double-blind crossover study was to assess the effect of acute BJ supplementation compared to placebo in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) and internal load during RT measure as Root Mean Square of the Successive Differences between adjacent RR intervals Slope (RMSSD and RMSSD-Slope, respectively). Eleven men performed an incremental RT test (three sets at 60%, 70% and 80% of their repetition maximum) composed by back squat and bench press with. HR, HRV and RMSSD-Slope were measured during and post exercise. As the main results, RMSSD during exercise decrease in the BJ group compared to placebo (p = 0.023; ES = 0.999), there were no differences in RMSSD post-exercise, and there were differences in RMSSD-Slope between groups in favor of the BJ group (p = 0.025; ES = 1.104) with a lower internal load. In conclusion, BJ supplementation seems to be a valuable tool for the reduction in the internal load of exercise during RT measured as RMSSD-Slope while enhancing performance.
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Gama G, dos Santos Rangel MV, de Oliveira Coelho VC, Paz GA, de Matos CVB, Silva BP, Lopes GDO, Lopes KG, Farinatti P, Borges JP. The effects of exercise training on autonomic and hemodynamic responses to muscle metaboreflex in people living with HIV/AIDS: A randomized clinical trial protocol. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265516. [PMID: 35303017 PMCID: PMC8932586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People living with HIV (PLHIV) present impaired muscle metaboreflex, which may lead to exercise intolerance and increased cardiovascular risk. The muscle metaboreflex adaptations to exercise training in these patients are unknown. The present study aims to investigate the effects of a supervised multimodal exercise training on hemodynamic and autonomic responses to muscle metaboreflex activation in PLHIV. Methods and design In this randomized clinical trial protocol, 42 PLHIV aged 30–50 years will be randomly assigned at a ratio of 1:1 into an intervention or a control group. The intervention group will perform exercise training (3x/week during 12 weeks) and the control group will remain physically inactive. A reference group composed of 21 HIV-uninfected individuals will be included. Primary outcomes will be blood pressure and heart rate variability indices assessed during resting, mental stress, and activation of muscle metaboreflex by a digital sphygmomanometer and a heart rate monitor; respectively. Mental stress will be induced by the Stroop Color-Word test and muscle metaboreflex will be activated through a post-exercise circulatory arrest (PECA) protocol, being the latter performed without and with the application of a capsaicin-based analgesic balm in the exercised limb. Secondary outcomes will be heart rate, peripheral vascular resistance, stroke volume, cardiac output, blood lactate, anthropometric markers and handgrip maximal voluntary contraction. The intervention and control groups of PLHIV will be evaluated at baseline and after the intervention, while the HIV-uninfected reference group only at baseline. Discussion The findings of the present study may help to elucidate the muscle metaboreflex adaptations to exercise training in PLHIV. Trial registration This study will be performed at University of Rio de Janeiro State following registration at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT04512456 on August 13, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Gama
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius dos Santos Rangel
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cunha de Oliveira Coelho
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Andrade Paz
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Catarina Vieira Branco de Matos
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Pinheiro Silva
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriella de Oliveira Lopes
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karynne Grutter Lopes
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pereira Borges
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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O'Brien MW, Petterson JL, Kimmerly DS. Impact of sampling duration on spontaneous sympathetic transduction. Clin Auton Res 2022; 32:155-158. [PMID: 35294981 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-022-00861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Myles W O'Brien
- Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Jennifer L Petterson
- Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Derek S Kimmerly
- Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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Liu Y, Sun G, Li Y. A prospective cohort study on the association of lean body mass estimated by mid-upper arm muscle circumference with hypertension risk in Chinese residents. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2022; 24:329-338. [PMID: 35174624 PMCID: PMC8925010 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The associations of lean body mass (LBM) with elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension were controversial, and the causalities have never been shown. Mid-upper arm muscle circumference (MAMC), an easily obtained anthropometric measurement, could provide an accurate estimate for LBM. Therefore, a prospective cohort study in general Chinese residents aiming to find out the relationship between LBM estimated using MAMC and hypertension risk was performed. Eight thousand one hundred eighty-five eligible participants were included in the baseline analysis, among whom 3442 were subsequently selected into cohort analysis. MAMC was calculated using mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and triceps skinfold thickness (TST). Associations of MAMC with BP values and hypertension prevalence were estimated by linear and logistic regression models. Associations with hypertension incidence were estimated by COX regression models, hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were given. Nonlinear relationship between MAMC and hypertension risk was estimated using restricted cubic spline method. Standardized coefficients of MUAC and TST were compared to estimate their strengths of associations with hypertension. Baseline analysis showed that after adjusted for confounders, the increase of systolic BP per standard deviation (SD) of MAMC were 1.97 mmHg (95%CI: 1.46, 2.48) and 1.63 mmHg (95%CI: 1.10, 2.16) respectively in men and women, and the increases of diastolic BP per SD were 1.58 mmHg (95%CI: 1.23, 1.92) and 1.08 mmHg (95%CI: 0.74, 1.42). Additionally, the association of MAMC with the prevalence of hypertension were also found in both men and women (OR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.26, 1.47 in men; OR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.22, 1.44 in women). Cohort analysis showed that MAMC increased the risk of hypertension (HR = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.19 for men; HR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.26 for women), and a trend of J-shaped relationship was found. Additionally, the stronger associations of MUAC with both BP values and hypertension than that of TST were found in both baseline and cohort analyses. Findings in our study implied that we cannot neglect the capacity of LBM in predicting hypertension risk, and LBM estimates should be recommended in general health surveys or examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Liu
- Department of Clinical EpidemiologyThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Guifan Sun
- Research Center of Environmental and Non‐Communicable DiseaseSchool of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Yongfang Li
- Research Center of Environmental and Non‐Communicable DiseaseSchool of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
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Yamada Y, Spitz RW, Wong V, Bell ZW, Song JS, Abe T, Loenneke JP. The impact of isometric handgrip exercise and training on health‐related factors: A review. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2022; 42:57-87. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Yamada
- Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management The University of Mississippi Oxford Mississippi USA
| | - Robert W. Spitz
- Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management The University of Mississippi Oxford Mississippi USA
| | - Vickie Wong
- Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management The University of Mississippi Oxford Mississippi USA
| | - Zachary W. Bell
- Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management The University of Mississippi Oxford Mississippi USA
| | - Jun Seob Song
- Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management The University of Mississippi Oxford Mississippi USA
| | - Takashi Abe
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science Juntendo University Inzai Chiba Japan
| | - Jeremy P. Loenneke
- Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management The University of Mississippi Oxford Mississippi USA
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Gama G, Farinatti P, Rangel MVDS, Mira PADC, Laterza MC, Crisafulli A, Borges JP. Muscle metaboreflex adaptations to exercise training in health and disease. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2943-2955. [PMID: 34189604 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in the muscle metaboreflex concur to exercise intolerance and greater cardiovascular risk. Exercise training benefits neurocardiovascular function at rest and during exercise, but its role in favoring muscle metaboreflex in health and disease remains controversial. While some authors demonstrated that exercise training enhanced the sensitization of muscle metabolically afferents and improved neurocardiovascular responses to muscle metaboreflex activation, others reported unaltered responses. This narrative review aimed to: (a) highlight the current evidence on the effects of exercise training upon cardiovascular and autonomic responses to muscle metaboreflex activation; (b) analyze the role of training components and indicate potential mechanisms of metaboreflex adaptations; and (c) address key methodological features for future research. Though limited, accumulated evidence suggests that muscle metaboreflex adaptations depend on the individual clinical status, exercise modality, and training duration. In healthy populations, most trials negated the hypothesis of metaboreflex improvement due to chronic exercise, irrespective of the training duration. Favorable changes in patients with impaired metaboreflex, particularly chronic heart failure, mostly resulted from long-term interventions (> 16 weeks) including aerobic exercise of moderate to high intensity, performed in isolation or within multimodal training. Potential mechanisms of metaboreflex improvements include enhanced sensitivity of channels and receptors, greater antioxidant capacity, lower metabolite accumulation, increased functional sympatholysis, and muscle perfusion. Future research should investigate: (1) the dose-response relationship of training components within different exercise modalities to elicit improvements in individuals showing intact or impaired muscle metaboreflex; and (2) potential and specific underlying mechanisms of metaboreflex improvements in individuals with different medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Gama
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 8133F, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP, 20550-013, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 8133F, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP, 20550-013, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Dos Santos Rangel
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 8133F, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP, 20550-013, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto de Carvalho Mira
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
- Cardiovascular Research Unit and Exercise Physiology - InCFEx, University Hospital and Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Mateus Camaroti Laterza
- Cardiovascular Research Unit and Exercise Physiology - InCFEx, University Hospital and Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Antonio Crisafulli
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Juliana Pereira Borges
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, sala 8133F, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP, 20550-013, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Gerodimos V, Karatrantou K, Kakardaki K, Ioakimidis P. Can maximal handgrip strength and endurance be improved by an 8-week specialized strength training program in older women? A randomized controlled study. HAND SURGERY & REHABILITATION 2020; 40:183-189. [PMID: 33340721 DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Maximal handgrip strength and endurance are important indicators of upper limb function in older adults. Up to now, there is insufficient information regarding the efficacy of specialized strength training programs for improving handgrip strength. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an 8-week specialized handgrip strength training program on maximal handgrip strength and endurance in healthy older women. A randomized controlled trial was performed. Thirty-six healthy older women (>65 years) were randomly divided into a training group (TG) (n = 18) and a control group (CG) (n = 18). The TG participated in an 8-week specialized handgrip strength training program using rubber balls and hand grippers (2 training sessions/week, 10-15 min, 8-15 repetitions/set, 4-6 total sets/session). Prior to and after the completion of the program, maximal handgrip strength and dynamic endurance (indices: repeated maximal repetitions and percentage change in handgrip strength between first and last 6 repetitions) were assessed in both hands. Repeated measures MANOVA results indicated that maximal handgrip strength (+9.3%-10.4%) and strength values during repeated maximal repetitions (+14% to 27%) significantly increased in TG (p < 0.001), while the percentage change in handgrip strength between the first and last 6 repetitions decreased significantly (-6%) (p < 0.05), irrespective of the tested hand. The results of this study showed that an 8-week specialized handgrip strength training program can be used effectively by athletic trainers, physical and hand therapists to counteract the detrimental effects of the aging process on maximal handgrip strength and endurance in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gerodimos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece.
| | - K Karatrantou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece.
| | - K Kakardaki
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece.
| | - P Ioakimidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece.
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Sgromolo NM, Cancio JM, Rhee PC. Safety and Efficacy of Blood Flow Restriction Therapy after Operative Management of Distal Radius Fractures: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Wrist Surg 2020; 9:345-352. [PMID: 32760614 PMCID: PMC7395840 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1712504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Blood flow restriction (BFR) therapy is an emerging addition to rehabilitative programs that allows patients to increase strength at lower loads over shorter time periods. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a rehabilitation program using BFR to a traditional rehabilitation protocol following operative fixation of distal radius fractures. Methods A randomized controlled study was conducted comparing a standardized rehabilitation protocol alone to a combined protocol with the use of BFR therapy in patients treated with volar plate fixation following a displaced distal radius fracture. The same exercises done in the control group were performed by the BFR group with a restrictive tourniquet in place. Patients were followed with serial radiographs to ensure fracture stability. Outcome measures included wrist range of motion, grip strength, pinch strength, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores at rest and during activity, patient rated wrist evaluation scores (PRWE), and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand scores. Results Nine patients were randomized and enrolled within the BFR group ( n = 5) and control ( n = 4) groups. Patients within the BFR group had a significantly greater reduction in pain with activity over the course of the rehabilitation program. Additionally, the BFR group had a significant improvement in PRWE scores during the 8-week rehabilitation program. There was no difference in radiographic measures after initiation of BFR, and all patients tolerated therapy without noted complications. Conclusion BFR therapy is safe and well tolerated after operatively treated distal radius fractures. The addition of BFR therapy can result in quicker reduction in pain with activity and improvement in patient disability when used early following operative management of a distal radius fracture. Level of Evidence This is a Level 1, prognostic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Sgromolo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jill M. Cancio
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for the Intrepid, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio Military Medical Center, JBSA Ft. Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
- Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, JBSA Ft. Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Peter C. Rhee
- Division of Hand Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Clinical Investigation Facility, Travis Air Force Base, California
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12
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de Asís Fernández F, González-Mohino F, González-Ravé JM. Assessment of sensory sensitivity through critical flicker fusion frequency thresholds after a maximum voluntary apnoea. Diving Hyperb Med 2019; 49:186-191. [PMID: 31523793 DOI: 10.28920/dhm49.3.186-191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The influence of acute exercise on sensory sensitivity (SS) differs according to the type and duration of exercise performed. In the present study, we assessed changes on SS soon after a maximal dynamic apnoea. METHODS Thirty-nine experienced male breath-hold divers were recruited. Critical flicker fusion frequency (CFFF) thresholds were used to measure SS. Thresholds were determined before and after a maximal dynamic apnoea. Immediately after surfacing, heart rate and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded for two minutes. RESULTS After maximal dynamic apnoea, SpO2 was significantly decreased (from mean 97.3% pre-dive to mean 63.1% post-dive; P < 0.0001; η2 P = 0.86), but this acute hypoxaemia did not trigger changes in SS (post-dive value 102% of baseline; P = 0.22; η2 P = 0.03). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a moderate association between SS with swimming speed (r = 0.423) and apnoea time (r = -0.404). CONCLUSIONS A maximal dynamic apnoea did not produce changes in central nervous system fatigue or cortical arousal. We found no relationship between the hypoxaemia level reached after a maximal apnoea and changes in the CFFF thresholds. This study suggests that the time of exposure to hypoxia during a maximal voluntary apnoea is not enough to produce changes in SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco de Asís Fernández
- Corresponding author: Dr Francisco de Asís Fernández, Departament of Health, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain, .,Departament of Health, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José M González-Ravé
- Sports Training Laboratory, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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Cancio JM, Sgromolo NM, Rhee PC. Blood Flow Restriction Therapy after Closed Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures. J Wrist Surg 2019; 8:288-294. [PMID: 31404177 PMCID: PMC6685733 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1685455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Blood flow restriction (BFR) therapy is an innovative rehabilitative program that enables patients to increase strength at a fraction of the weight typically necessary in endurance exercises. Therefore, we conducted a pilot study evaluating patient outcomes with a BFR therapy program for closed management after a distal radius fracture compared to a traditional rehabilitation protocol. Literature review A randomized-controlled study was conducted comparing a standardized hand therapy rehabilitation protocol alone to a combined protocol with the use of BFR therapy in patients who were initially treated with closed reduction and short arm cast immobilization for a displaced distal radius fracture between May 1, 2015 and August 1, 2016. BFR therapy was performed with a restrictive tourniquet applied to the upper brachium, performing the same strengthening exercises as the control group but with the restrictive tourniquet in place. Clinical assessment was conducted at 6, 10, and 14 weeks from the date of initial cast immobilization. Outcome measures collected included wrist range of motion; grip strength; pinch strength; visual analogue scale for pain with activity and at rest; patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) scores; and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand scores. Results Thirteen patients were enrolled and randomized between the BFR ( n = 6) and control ( n = 7) groups. The BFR group noted significantly greater reduction in pain with activity compared to the control group after 8 weeks of therapy (Δ -4.0 vs. -2.3, p = 0.03). Similarly, patients in the BFR group displayed greater reduction in PRWE scores compared to the control group after 8 weeks of BFR therapy (Δ -57.9 vs. 30.8, p = 0.01). The two groups did not demonstrate any significant difference in radiographic outcomes at any time point or throughout the course of the study. All patients tolerated the BFR therapy program and there were no complications. Clinical relevance The addition of BFR therapy to the rehabilitative program after closed management of a distal radius fracture is safe, well tolerated by patients, without any deleterious effects on radiographic outcomes. This pilot study noted that BFR therapy in patients with nonoperative distal radius fractures may result in a larger reduction in pain with activity and greater improvement in overall self-perceived function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M. Cancio
- Center for the Intrepid, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio Military Medical Center, JBSA Ft. Sam Houston, Texas; Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, JBSA Ft. Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Nicole M. Sgromolo
- San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
| | - Peter C. Rhee
- Mayo Clinic, Orthopedic Surgery, Rochester, Minnesota
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Joshi H, Edgell H. Sex differences in the ventilatory and cardiovascular response to supine and tilted metaboreflex activation. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14041. [PMID: 30916469 PMCID: PMC6436143 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Women have attenuated exercise pressor responses compared to men; however, their cerebrovascular and ventilatory responses have not been previously measured. Furthermore, recent evidence has shown that posture change can influence the response of the metaboreflex but this has only been tested in men. Young and healthy men (n = 14; age: 21 ± 2) and women (n = 11; age: 19 ± 1) underwent 40% MVC static handgrip exercise (HG) for 2 min followed by 3 min of post-exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO) in the supine and 70° tilted postures. In supine position during HG and PECO only men had an increase in ventilation (Men: Baseline: 12.5 ± 1.7 L/min, HG: 18.6 ± 5.3 L/min, PECO: 17.7 ± 10.3 L/min; Women: Baseline: 12.0 ± 1.5 L/min, HG: 12.4 ± 1.2 L/min, PECO: 11.5 ± 1.3 L/min; Sex × Time interaction P = 0.037). In supine position during HG and PECO men and women had similar reductions in cerebrovascular conductance (Men: Baseline: 0.79 ± 0.13 cm/sec/mmHg, HG: 0.68 ± 0.18 cm/sec/mmHg, PECO: 0.61 ± 0.19 cm/s/mmHg; Women: Baseline: 0.87 ± 0.13 cm/sec/mmHg, HG: 0.83 ± 0.14 cm/sec/mmHg, PECO: 0.75 ± 0.17 cm/sec/mmHg; P < 0.015 HG/PECO vs. baseline). When comparing the response to PECO in the supine versus upright postures there was a significant attenuation in the increase in mean arterial pressure in both men and women (Supine posture: Men: +23.3 ± 14.5 mmHg, Women: +12.0 ± 7.3 mmHg; Upright posture: Men: +15.7 ± 14.1 mmHg, Women: +7.7 ± 6.7 mmHg; Main effect of sex P = 0.042, Main effect of posture P < 0.001). Our results indicate sexually dimorphic ventilatory responses to HG and PECO which could be due to different interactions of the metaboreflex and chemoreflex. We have also shown evidence of attenuated metaboreflex function in the upright posture in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Joshi
- School of Kinesiology and Health SciencesYork UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Heather Edgell
- School of Kinesiology and Health SciencesYork UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
- Muscle Health Research CentreYork UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
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15
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Yow BG, Tennent DJ, Dowd TC, Loenneke JP, Owens JG. Blood Flow Restriction Training After Achilles Tendon Rupture. J Foot Ankle Surg 2018; 57:635-638. [PMID: 29477554 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is a technique shown to be safe and effective at increasing muscular strength and endurance in healthy fitness populations and is under study for its use in postinjury rehabilitation. BFR stimulates muscular strength and hypertrophy gains at much lower loads than traditional methods, allowing patients to begin the rehabilitation process much sooner. We report on 2 patients who incorporated BFR training into their traditional rehabilitation program after Achilles tendon ruptures. Patient 1 was a 29-year-old active duty soldier who sustained a left Achilles tendon rupture while playing competitive football. After operative repair and traditional rehabilitative measures, he was unable to ambulate without assistive devices owing to persistent weakness. The patient subsequently started a 5-week "return to run" program using BFR training. He experienced plantarflexion peak torque improvements of 522% and 108.9% and power gains of 4475% and 211% at 60°/s and 120°/s, respectively. He was able to ambulate without assistive devices at the 5-week follow-up examination. Patient 2 was a 38-year-old male soldier who experienced a complete left Achilles tendon rupture while exercising. After nonoperative treatment with an accelerated rehabilitation program, the patient still experienced significant strength and functional deficits. He was subsequently enrolled in a 6-week course of BFR training. He experienced plantarflexion strength improvements of 55.8% and 47.1% and power gains of 68.8% and 78.7% at 60°/s and 120°/s, respectively. He was able to return to running and sports on completion of 6 weeks of BFR-assisted therapy. Incorporating tourniquet-assisted blood flow restriction with rehabilitation programs can improve strength, endurance, and function after Achilles tendon rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby G Yow
- Surgeon, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD.
| | - David J Tennent
- Surgeon, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX
| | - Thomas C Dowd
- Surgeon, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX
| | - Jeremy P Loenneke
- Assistant Professor, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, University of Mississippi, University, MS
| | - Johnny G Owens
- Physical Therapist, Center for the Intrepid, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX
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Ye S, Zhu C, Wei C, Yang M, Zheng W, Gan D, Zhu S. Associations of Body Composition with Blood Pressure and Hypertension. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1644-1650. [PMID: 30260578 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the associations of body composition, including skeletal muscle and fat mass, with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension. METHODS Data from 3,130 participants aged 18 to 80 years were analyzed. Body composition and total skeletal muscle (TSM) were measured or calculated based on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations of TSM, body fat percentage, android to gynoid fat ratio, and leg and arm lean body mass (LBM) with BP and hypertension. The Wald test was used to estimate the differences in the coefficients. RESULTS TSM indices, body fat percentage, and android to gynoid fat ratio were significantly associated with higher odds ratio for prehypertension and hypertension, except for TSM/weight, after controlling for potential confounders. The standardized beta coefficients of arm LBM indices for systolic and diastolic BP were higher than relevant indices of leg LBM. CONCLUSIONS Different indices of TSM, especially in arm LBM, were all positively associated with elevated BP, prehypertension, and hypertension in Chinese adults, after considering potential confounding factors, including body fat and fat distribution. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyue Ye
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaonan Zhu
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wei
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifang Zheng
- Red Cross Hospital of Lanxi City, Lanxi, Zhejiang, China
| | - Da Gan
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shankuan Zhu
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Notay K, Seed JD, Incognito AV, Doherty CJ, Nardone M, Burns MJ, Millar PJ. Validity and reliability of measuring resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity using short sampling durations in healthy humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:1065-1073. [PMID: 27687563 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00736.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) demonstrates high intraindividual reproducibility when sampled over 5-30 min epochs, although shorter sampling durations are commonly used before and during a stress to quantify sympathetic responsiveness. The purpose of the present study was to examine the intratest validity and reliability of MSNA sampled over 2 and 1 min and 30 and 15 s epoch durations. We retrospectively analyzed 68 resting fibular nerve microneurographic recordings obtained from 53 young, healthy participants (37 men; 23 ± 6 yr of age). From a stable 7-min resting baseline, MSNA (burst frequency and incidence, normalized mean burst amplitude, total burst area) was compared among each epoch duration and a standard 5-min control. Bland-Altman plots were used to determine agreement and bias. Three sequential MSNA measurements were collected using each sampling duration to calculate absolute and relative reliability (coefficients of variation and intraclass correlation coefficients). MSNA values were similar among each sampling duration and the 5-min control (all P > 0.05), highly correlated (r = 0.69-0.93; all P < 0.001), and demonstrated no evidence of fixed bias (all P > 0.05). A consistent proportional bias (P < 0.05) was present for MSNA burst frequency (all sampling durations) and incidence (1 min and 30 and 15 s), such that participants with low and high average MSNA underestimated and overestimated the true value, respectively. Reliability decreased progressively using the 30- and 15-s sampling durations. In conclusion, short 2 and 1 min and 30 s sampling durations can provide valid and reliable measures of MSNA, although increased sample size may be required for epochs ≤30 s, due to poorer reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karambir Notay
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Jeremy D Seed
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Anthony V Incognito
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Connor J Doherty
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Massimo Nardone
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Matthew J Burns
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Philip J Millar
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and .,Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Vrachimis A, Hadjicharalambous M, Tyler C. The Effect of Circuit Training on Resting Heart Rate Variability, Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Physical Fitness in Healthy Untrained Adults. Health (London) 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2016.82017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Notarius CF, Millar PJ, Floras JS. Muscle sympathetic activity in resting and exercising humans with and without heart failure. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 40:1107-15. [PMID: 26481289 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system is critical for coordinating the cardiovascular response to various types of physical exercise. In a number of disease states, including human heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), this regulation can be disturbed and adversely affect outcome. The purpose of this review is to describe sympathetic activity at rest and during exercise in both healthy humans and those with HFrEF and outline factors, which influence these responses. We focus predominately on studies that report direct measurements of efferent sympathetic nerve traffic to skeletal muscle (muscle sympathetic nerve activity; MSNA) using intraneural microneurographic recordings. Differences in MSNA discharge between subjects with and without HFrEF both at rest and during exercise and the influence of exercise training on the sympathetic response to exercise will be discussed. In contrast to healthy controls, MSNA increases during mild to moderate dynamic exercise in the presence of HFrEF. This increase may contribute to the exercise intolerance characteristic of HFrEF by limiting muscle blood flow and may be attenuated by exercise training. Future investigations are needed to clarify the neural afferent mechanisms that contribute to efferent sympathetic activation at rest and during exercise in HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine F Notarius
- a University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Philip J Millar
- b Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - John S Floras
- a University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
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20
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Sympathetic neural adaptations to exercise training in humans. Auton Neurosci 2015; 188:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lawrence MM, Cooley ID, Huet YM, Arthur ST, Howden R. Factors influencing isometric exercise training-induced reductions in resting blood pressure. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:131-42. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Lawrence
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology; Department of Kinesiology; University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Charlotte North Carolina USA
| | - I. D. Cooley
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology; Department of Kinesiology; University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Charlotte North Carolina USA
| | - Y. M. Huet
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology; Department of Kinesiology; University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Charlotte North Carolina USA
| | - S. T. Arthur
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology; Department of Kinesiology; University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Charlotte North Carolina USA
| | - R. Howden
- Laboratory of Systems Physiology; Department of Kinesiology; University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Charlotte North Carolina USA
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Abstract
Freediving is a sport in which athletes aim to achieve the longest or the deepest breath-hold dive. Divers are at risk of gradually increasing hypoxia and hypercapnia due to a long time spent underwater and additionally of increasing hyperoxia while depth diving. Exceeding the limits of hypoxia endurance leads to loss of consciousness or even to death whithout immediate first aid. Often enhanced world records indicate the ability to shape specific to the discipline adaptive mechanisms of cardio-pulmonary system which are individually conditioned. During stay underwater heartbeats decelerating called bradycardia, increase in blood pressure, peripheral blood vessels narrowing and blood centralization in freediver’s organism. These mechanisms enhance blood oxygen management as well as transporting it first of all to essential for survival organs, i.e. brain and heart. These mechanisms are supported by spleen and adrenal glands hormonal reactions.
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Law LAF, Avin KG. Endurance time is joint-specific: a modelling and meta-analysis investigation. ERGONOMICS 2010; 53:109-29. [PMID: 20069487 PMCID: PMC2891087 DOI: 10.1080/00140130903389068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Static task intensity-endurance time (ET) relationships (e.g. Rohmert's curve) were first reported decades ago. However, a comprehensive meta-analysis to compare experimentally-observed ETs across bodily regions has not been reported. We performed a systematic literature review of ETs for static contractions, developed joint-specific power and exponential models of the intensity-ET relationships, and compared these models between each joint (ankle, trunk, hand/grip, elbow, knee, and shoulder) and the pooled data (generalised curve). 194 publications were found, representing a total of 369 data points. The power model provided the best fit to the experimental data. Significant intensity-dependent ET differences were predicted between each pair of joints. Overall, the ankle was most fatigue-resistant, followed by the trunk, hand/grip, elbow, knee and finally the shoulder was most fatigable. We conclude ET varies systematically between joints, in some cases with large effect sizes. Thus, a single generalised ET model does not adequately represent fatigue across joints. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: Rohmert curves have been used in ergonomic analyses of fatigue, as there are limited tools available to accurately predict force decrements. This study provides updated endurance time-intensity curves using a large meta-analysis of fatigue data. Specific models derived for five distinct joint regions should further increase prediction accuracy.
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Heusser K, Dzamonja G, Tank J, Palada I, Valic Z, Bakovic D, Obad A, Ivancev V, Breskovic T, Diedrich A, Joyner MJ, Luft FC, Jordan J, Dujic Z. Cardiovascular Regulation During Apnea in Elite Divers. Hypertension 2009; 53:719-24. [PMID: 19255361 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.108.127530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Heusser
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (K.H., J.T., J.J.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.D.), Clinical Hospital Split, Split, Croatia; Department of Physiology (I.P., Z.V., D.B., A.O., V.I., T.B., Z.D.), University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Autonomic Dysfunction Service (A.D.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Anesthesiology (M.J.J.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn; Experimental and Clinical
| | - Gordan Dzamonja
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (K.H., J.T., J.J.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.D.), Clinical Hospital Split, Split, Croatia; Department of Physiology (I.P., Z.V., D.B., A.O., V.I., T.B., Z.D.), University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Autonomic Dysfunction Service (A.D.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Anesthesiology (M.J.J.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn; Experimental and Clinical
| | - Jens Tank
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (K.H., J.T., J.J.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.D.), Clinical Hospital Split, Split, Croatia; Department of Physiology (I.P., Z.V., D.B., A.O., V.I., T.B., Z.D.), University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Autonomic Dysfunction Service (A.D.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Anesthesiology (M.J.J.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn; Experimental and Clinical
| | - Ivan Palada
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (K.H., J.T., J.J.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.D.), Clinical Hospital Split, Split, Croatia; Department of Physiology (I.P., Z.V., D.B., A.O., V.I., T.B., Z.D.), University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Autonomic Dysfunction Service (A.D.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Anesthesiology (M.J.J.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn; Experimental and Clinical
| | - Zoran Valic
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (K.H., J.T., J.J.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.D.), Clinical Hospital Split, Split, Croatia; Department of Physiology (I.P., Z.V., D.B., A.O., V.I., T.B., Z.D.), University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Autonomic Dysfunction Service (A.D.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Anesthesiology (M.J.J.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn; Experimental and Clinical
| | - Darija Bakovic
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (K.H., J.T., J.J.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.D.), Clinical Hospital Split, Split, Croatia; Department of Physiology (I.P., Z.V., D.B., A.O., V.I., T.B., Z.D.), University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Autonomic Dysfunction Service (A.D.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Anesthesiology (M.J.J.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn; Experimental and Clinical
| | - Ante Obad
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (K.H., J.T., J.J.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.D.), Clinical Hospital Split, Split, Croatia; Department of Physiology (I.P., Z.V., D.B., A.O., V.I., T.B., Z.D.), University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Autonomic Dysfunction Service (A.D.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Anesthesiology (M.J.J.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn; Experimental and Clinical
| | - Vladimir Ivancev
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (K.H., J.T., J.J.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.D.), Clinical Hospital Split, Split, Croatia; Department of Physiology (I.P., Z.V., D.B., A.O., V.I., T.B., Z.D.), University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Autonomic Dysfunction Service (A.D.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Anesthesiology (M.J.J.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn; Experimental and Clinical
| | - Toni Breskovic
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (K.H., J.T., J.J.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.D.), Clinical Hospital Split, Split, Croatia; Department of Physiology (I.P., Z.V., D.B., A.O., V.I., T.B., Z.D.), University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Autonomic Dysfunction Service (A.D.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Anesthesiology (M.J.J.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn; Experimental and Clinical
| | - André Diedrich
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (K.H., J.T., J.J.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.D.), Clinical Hospital Split, Split, Croatia; Department of Physiology (I.P., Z.V., D.B., A.O., V.I., T.B., Z.D.), University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Autonomic Dysfunction Service (A.D.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Anesthesiology (M.J.J.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn; Experimental and Clinical
| | - Michael J. Joyner
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (K.H., J.T., J.J.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.D.), Clinical Hospital Split, Split, Croatia; Department of Physiology (I.P., Z.V., D.B., A.O., V.I., T.B., Z.D.), University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Autonomic Dysfunction Service (A.D.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Anesthesiology (M.J.J.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn; Experimental and Clinical
| | - Friedrich C. Luft
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (K.H., J.T., J.J.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.D.), Clinical Hospital Split, Split, Croatia; Department of Physiology (I.P., Z.V., D.B., A.O., V.I., T.B., Z.D.), University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Autonomic Dysfunction Service (A.D.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Anesthesiology (M.J.J.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn; Experimental and Clinical
| | - Jens Jordan
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (K.H., J.T., J.J.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.D.), Clinical Hospital Split, Split, Croatia; Department of Physiology (I.P., Z.V., D.B., A.O., V.I., T.B., Z.D.), University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Autonomic Dysfunction Service (A.D.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Anesthesiology (M.J.J.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn; Experimental and Clinical
| | - Zeljko Dujic
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (K.H., J.T., J.J.), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.D.), Clinical Hospital Split, Split, Croatia; Department of Physiology (I.P., Z.V., D.B., A.O., V.I., T.B., Z.D.), University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia; Autonomic Dysfunction Service (A.D.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Anesthesiology (M.J.J.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn; Experimental and Clinical
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