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Li Y, Yang X, Zhao S, Zhang Z, Bai L, Zhaxi P, Qu S, Zhao Y. Effects of sampling time and location on the geographical origin traceability of protected geographical indication (PGI) Hongyuan yak milk: Based on stable isotope ratios. Food Chem 2024; 441:138283. [PMID: 38185048 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Hongyuan yak milk is a protected geographical indication (PGI) product of rich nutritional value, which is popular among consumers. Stable isotope ratio analysis (SIRA) is an effective way to protect the authenticity of the geographical origin of PGI products, and it is crucial to study the factors affecting stable isotopes. Firstly, we proved that the SIRA could be used to identify the geographical origin of Hongyuan yak milk, and that the identification accuracy in combination with δ13C and δ18O was 100 %. Secondly, we analyzed the effect of sampling selection on the stable isotopes of Hongyuan yak milk in practical applications, which showed that sampling time influenced the δ13C, δ2H, and δ18O, while the sampling locations did not. There were interactions between the effect of sampling time and location on δ2H and δ18O. These results provide a reliable method for identifying PGI products and also provide new guidance on sampling models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Li
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoting Yang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Pengcuo Zhaxi
- Hongyuan Yak Dairy Co., Ltd., Hongyuan 624400, China
| | - Song Qu
- Hongyuan Yak Dairy Co., Ltd., Hongyuan 624400, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Eriksson J, Barregard L, Sallsten G, Berlinger B, Weinbruch S, Manousou S, Ellingsen DG, Nyström HF. Urinary iodine excretion and optimal time point for sampling when estimating 24-h urinary iodine. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1289-1297. [PMID: 36744548 PMCID: PMC10511680 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Iodine deficiency may cause thyroid dysfunction. The iodine intake in a population is measured by urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in spot samples or 24-h urinary iodine excretion (24UIE). 24UIE is considered the gold standard and may be estimated using an equation including UIC, urinary creatinine concentration, sex and age (e24UIE). The aims of this study were to evaluate the preferable timing of UIC when using this equation and assess the variability of UIE. Sixty healthy non-smoking women (n 31) and men (n 29) were included in Gothenburg, Sweden. Twelve urine samples were collected at six fixed times on two separate days. Variability was calculated for UIC, 24UIE, e24UIE, iodine excretion per hour (iHr) and UIC adjusted for creatinine and specific gravity. Median 24UIE was 156 µg/24 h and the median UIC (all spot samples) was 104 µg/l. UIC (P < 0·001), 24UIE (P = 0·001) and e24UIE (P < 0·001) were significantly higher in men. e24UIE was relatively similar to 24UIE. However, when e24UIE was calculated from UIC in the first void, it was about 15 % lower than 24UIE (P < 0·001). iHr was lowest in the morning and highest in the afternoon. Median iHr was higher in men (7·4 v. 5·3 µg/h, P < 0·001). The variability of UIE was higher within individuals than between individuals. This study suggests that most time points for estimation of individual 24UIE are appropriate, but they should preferably not be collected in the first void.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Eriksson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Praktikertjänst AB, Skövde, 54130, Sweden
| | - Lars Barregard
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gerd Sallsten
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Balazs Berlinger
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Mobile Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stephan Weinbruch
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Darmstadt Technical University, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sofia Manousou
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Frölunda Specialist Hospital, Västra Frölunda, Sweden
| | | | - Helena Filipsson Nyström
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg’s Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Raoelison OD, Valenca R, Lee A, Karim S, Webster JP, Poulin BA, Mohanty SK. Wildfire impacts on surface water quality parameters: Cause of data variability and reporting needs. Environ Pollut 2023; 317:120713. [PMID: 36435284 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Surface runoff mobilizes the burned residues and ashes produced during wildfires and deposits them in surface waters, thereby deteriorating water quality. A lack of a consistent reporting protocol precludes a quantitative understanding of how and to what extent wildfire may affect the water quality of surface waters. This study aims to analyze reported pre- and post-fire water quality data to inform the data reporting and highlight research opportunities. A comparison of the pre-and post-fire water quality data from 44 studies reveals that wildfire could increase the concentration of many pollutants by two orders of magnitude. However, the concentration increase is sensitive to when the sample was taken after the wildfire, the wildfire burned area, discharge rate in the surface water bodies where samples were collected, and pollutant type. Increases in burned areas disproportionally increased total suspended solids (TSS) concentration, indicating TSS concentration is dependent on the source area. Increases in surface water flow up to 10 m3 s-1 increased TSS concentration but any further increase in flow rate decreased TSS concentration, potentially due to dilution. Nutrients and suspended solids concentrations increase within a year after the wildfire, whereas peaks for heavy metals occur after 1-2 years of wildfire, indicating a delay in the leaching of heavy metals compared to nutrients from wildfire-affected areas. The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was greatest within a year post-fire but did not exceed the surface water quality limits. The analysis also revealed inconsistency in the existing sampling protocols and provides a guideline for a modified protocol along with highlighting new research opportunities. Overall, this study underlines the need for consistent reporting of post-fire water quality data along with environmental factors that could affect the data so that the post-fire water quality can be assessed or compared between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onja D Raoelison
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Renan Valenca
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Allison Lee
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Samiha Karim
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jackson P Webster
- Department of Civil Engineering, California State University, Chico, USA
| | - Brett A Poulin
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Sanjay K Mohanty
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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Dong A, Huang Y, Huang Y, Jia B. Effects of calorie intake and sampling time on thyroid stimulating hormone concentration. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:85. [PMID: 35365148 PMCID: PMC8976397 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effects of blood sampling after calorie intake on thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level, compared with blood sampling in fasting state. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Subjects from the outpatients in the department of endocrinology without evidence of thyroid diseases were included and then randomized into the fasting group, diet intake group, and glucose intake group, respectively. Fasting blood was collected from all subjects at 7:00 am for the measurement of TSH and free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations. Afterwards, the subjects were maintained at fasting state (fasting group), had an intake of the mixed diet with 400 kcal calories (diet intake group), and had an intake of 75 g glucose (glucose intake group), respectively, and blood was collected again 2 h later (9:00 am on the same day) for TSH and FT4 level measurement and comparison. RESULTS A total of 150 subjects were enrolled, of whom 146 met the inclusion criteria, with 48, 48, and 50 in the diet intake group, glucose intake group, and fasting group, respectively. The TSH in the diet intake group was significantly lower at 9:00 am (TSH9am) than the level at 7:00 am (TSH7am) (P < 0.001), with a median variation of -0.71 mU/L, and a median variation rate of -32.4%. In the glucose intake group, TSH9am was also significantly lower than TSH7am (P < 0.001), with a median variation of -0.73 mU/L, and a median variation rate of -31.5%. For the fasting group, TSH9am decreased slightly but was significantly lower than TSH7am (P < 0.001), with a median variation of -0.1 mU/L, and a median variation rate of -5.2%. According to TSH7am measurements, 9 subjects (3 subjects in each group) met the diagnostic criteria of subclinical hypothyroidism. However, according toTSH9am measurements, only 2 patients in the fasting group met the diagnostic criteria of subclinical hypothyroidism. CONCLUSION Compared with the fasting state, the TSH level at 2 h after the calorie intake was decreased by about 30%, which might influence the diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR2100047454 (18/06/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Youyuan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yucheng Huang
- Department of General Practice, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Bing Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
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5
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O'Brien MW, Petterson JL, Kimmerly DS. Impact of sampling duration on spontaneous sympathetic transduction. Clin Auton Res 2022; 32:155-158. [PMID: 35294981 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-022-00861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Myles W O'Brien
- Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Jennifer L Petterson
- Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Derek S Kimmerly
- Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Exercise Laboratory, Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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Zhang Y, Wu W, Liu Y, Wang X, Guan Y, Jia L. Analysis of basal serum TSH, FT3, and FT4 levels based on age, sampling time in women with infertility. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:317. [PMID: 34454485 PMCID: PMC8403368 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background To analyze the characteristics of basal thyroid hormone levels in infertile women consulting for assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment. Methods This was a retrospective study. Serum TSH, FT3 and FT4 levels of women seeking ART consultation were tested routinely. Analyses were performed based on age and sampling time. One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was used to compare the continuous data among the groups, and the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical data where appropriate. Results A total of 6426 women were initially included in the study. After exclusion criteria were applied, the remaining 4126 women were categorized into different groups. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism significantly decreased with age and sampling time, from 21.09 to 11.91% and from 28.57 to 10.67%, respectively (P < 0.001, respectively). Mean serum TSH, FT3, and FT4 levels decreased significantly with age (P = 0.017, < 0.001, < 0.001, respectively). In the context of sampling time, TSH levels from early in the morning were significantly higher (P < 0.001), while FT4 and FT3 levels were similar in different groups (P = 0.258, 0.300, respectively). Conclusions The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism significantly decreased with increasing age and sampling time, as did the serum TSH levels. Even though, the establishment of reference interval of TSH level based on age or sampling time was not recommended. Full consideration of age and sampling time should be carefully taken before initiation of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xingling Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yichun Guan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Kangfuqian Street, Erqi, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Liting Jia
- Neonatal Screening Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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7
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Alzahrani AM, Naeem A, Alwadie AF, Albogami K, Alzhrani RM, Basudan SS, Alzahrani YA. Causes of vancomycin dosing error; problem detection and practical solutions; a retrospective, single-center, cross-sectional study. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:616-624. [PMID: 34194269 PMCID: PMC8233537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vancomycindosing error and inappropriate monitoring is a common problem in hospital daily practice. In King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Jeddah, a high percentage of abnormal vancomycin trough levels is still detected despite using the recommended dose. Therefore, the current research objective is to study the major causes of vancomycin dosing errors. This retrospective, single-center, cross-sectional study was carried out at KAMC hospital in Jeddah from January 1st until December 31st 2019. All adult patients (≥15 years) who received vancomycin and had an initial abnormal trough level at the measured steady-state were included in this study. 472 patients have met the study inclusion criteria. The current study evaluated the factors that play a role in causing vancomycin trough level abnormalities such as sampling time, vancomycin dosing, and patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variations. In this study, we found that pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability was attributed to 65% of vancomycin's abnormal trough level. Also, the result showed a significantly increased odds of the low trough in the non-elderly group (OR 6, 95% CI 2.48 – 14.9, P < 0.001) and febrile neutropenic patients (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.119 – 4.365, P < 0.05). However, the odds of high trough levels were significantly elevated among patients who have CrCl < 50 ml/min (OR 5, 95% CI 1.262–20.539, P < 0.05). In addition, the present investigation revealed that the occurrence of abnormal vancomycin levels was not affected by daily duty time or working days (p > 0.05). The current study indicated that vancomycin dosing errors were common in KAMC patients; thus, there is an unmet need to evaluate the causes of vancomycin abnormal trough level and optimize a strategy that would enhance the therapeutic effectiveness and minimize the potential toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M Alzahrani
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anjum Naeem
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali F Alwadie
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Albogami
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami M Alzhrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah S Basudan
- Department of Pharmacy, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya A Alzahrani
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacy, East Jeddah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Guo W, Dong S, Jin Y, Pan Z, Pearce EN, Wu W, Zhang Y, Chen W, Zhang W. Evaluation of variation of saliva iodine and recommendations for sample size and sampling time: Implications for assessing iodine nutritional status. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:3559-3566. [PMID: 33388206 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saliva iodine concentration (SIC) has been found to be a good indicator of iodine nutritional status. However, limited information is available regarding saliva iodine characteristics. AIMS The study aimed to evaluate intra-day, intra-individual, and population SIC variation in order to provide information on optimal sample size and sampling time for assessing iodine nutritional status. METHODS Twenty-nine healthy school-aged students were recruited. Iodine intake from diet and water, and iodine excretion through urine and feces were assessed over a three-day period. Saliva samples were collected six times a day. RESULTS Diurnal variations were observed in SIC corresponding to iodine intake. The mean CV in SIC was lower than that for 24-hour urinary iodine concentration (24-h UIC) and 24-hour urinary iodine excretion (24-h UIE) not only at the individual level (42.73% vs. 47.71% and 49.69%) but also at the population level (71.29% vs. 100.43% and 72.49%). The number of saliva samples needed to estimate the iodine level with 95% CI within precision ranges of ±10%, ±20% was 55, 14 in an individual, and 180, 45 in a population. There was a good correlation between post-lunch SIC and total daily iodine intake. CONCLUSIONS Saliva iodine has utility for evaluating the recent iodine nutrition of individuals and populations. The variation in SIC was lower than that for 24-h UIC and 24-h UIE. Saliva may be preferred over urine because of its ease of collection. Fourteen samples are needed to assess individual iodine status and forty-five saliva samples for assessment of population iodine status with reasonable precision. We recommend that saliva samples be collected after 14:00 in a day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuyao Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya Jin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyun Pan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Elizabeth N Pearce
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Wanqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.
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9
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Zhao S, Zhao Y, Rogers KM, Chen G, Chen A, Yang S. Application of multi-element (C, N, H, O) stable isotope ratio analysis for the traceability of milk samples from China. Food Chem 2019; 310:125826. [PMID: 31767489 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cow milk samples from various provinces in China were collected, and the effects of lactation stage, sampling time, and geographic origin on the samples were studied by elemental analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS). Traceability accuracy was determined using δ13C, δ15N, δ2H and δ18O values to specifically assign geographic origin. Stable isotope ratios of C, N, H and O were not significantly different among three lactation stages; however the δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O values of milk were influenced by sampling time. Furthermore, there were highly significant regional differences in the mean δ13C and δ15N values of milk. In summary, the lactation stage had no effect on the traceability of milk, whereas sampling time and geographic origin did affect milk traceability. Different geographic locations with a separation distance greater than 0.7 km can be distinguished using multi-element (C, N, H, O) stable isotope ratio analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Karyne M Rogers
- National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, 30 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ailiang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
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10
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Laird S, Kühn I, Bedford MR, Whitfield H, Miller HM. Sampling duration and freezing temperature influence the analysed gastric inositol phosphate composition of pigs fed diets with different levels of phytase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:196-201. [PMID: 31193977 PMCID: PMC6544748 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of time and freezing temperature during sampling on gastric phytate (myo-inositol [MYO] hexakisphosphate [InsP6]), lower inositol phosphates (InsP2–5) and MYO concentrations in pigs fed diets containing different levels of phytase. Forty pigs were fed 1 of 4 wheat-barley diets on an ad libitum basis for 28 d. The diets comprised a nutritionally adequate positive control (PC), a similar diet but with Ca and P reduced by 1.6 and 1.24 g/kg, respectively (NC), and the NC supplemented with 500 (NC + 500) or 2,000 (NC + 2000) FTU phytase/kg. At the end of the experiment, chyme were collected from the stomach, thoroughly mixed and 2 subsamples (30 mL) were frozen immediately: one snap-frozen at −79 °C and the other at −20 °C. The remaining chyme were left to sit at room temperature (20 °C) and further subsamples were collected and frozen as above at 5, 10 and 15 min from the point of mixing. There were linear reductions in gastric InsP6 concentration over time during sampling (P < 0.001), irrespective of diet or freezing temperature. Moreover, InsP6 concentration was influenced by a diet × freezing temperature interaction (P < 0.05), with less InsP6 measured in chyme frozen at −20 °C than at −79 °C; however, this difference was greater in the control diets than the phytase supplemented diets. Freezing chyme at −79 °C recovered more ∑InsP2–5 + MYO than freezing at −20 °C in pigs fed phytase supplemented diets; however, this difference was not apparent in the diets without phytase (diet × freezing temperature, P < 0.01). It can be concluded that significant phytate hydrolysis occurs in the gastric chyme of pigs during sampling and processing, irrespective of supplementary phytase activity. Therefore, to minimise post-slaughter phytate degradation and changes in the gastric inositol phosphate profile, chyme should be snap-frozen immediately after collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Laird
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Imke Kühn
- AB Vista, Marlborough, SN8 4AN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hayley Whitfield
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M Miller
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Martín-García B, Verardo V, León L, De la Rosa R, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A, Gómez-Caravaca AM. GC-QTOF-MS as valuable tool to evaluate the influence of cultivar and sample time on olive leaves triterpenic components. Food Res Int 2018; 115:219-226. [PMID: 30599934 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenes play an important role in plant defense and have demonstrated beneficial effects in human health acting in disease prevention. In the present study, the determination of triterpenes compounds in olive leaves of six different cultivars grown at four dates was assessed in order to corroborate the influence of olive growth cycle on triterpenes content and to evaluate if the highest amounts are detected in correspondence to the olive oil production period when the leaves are one of the most important by-product. A GC-QTOF-MS methodology was optimized and validated, and five triterpenes were identified and quantified in all olive leaves samples analysed. ANOVA analyses revealed quantitative differences among sampling times and cultivars. Principal Component Analyses showed a good separation among triterpenes content for the different collecting seasons and cultivars. Picual, the most commonly grown olive today for olive oil production, was the cultivar that presented the highest concentrations of triterpenes and oleanolic acid the major triterpene in all cultivars at all sampling times (54-76.5% of total triterpenes). The triterpenes concentration is higher in June than in the other sampling times. Unfortunately, the leaves sampled at the stage that corresponded to the olive oil production were not the best one in terms of triterpenes content; however the decrease was never >15.5%. Thus, the present results confirm olive leaves a suitable source of bioactive compounds that can be used to obtain high added-value products enriched in triterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martín-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Vito Verardo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, E-18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology 'José Mataix', Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Lorenzo León
- IFAPA Centro Alameda del Obispo, Avda Menéndez Pidal, s/n, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raúl De la Rosa
- IFAPA Centro Alameda del Obispo, Avda Menéndez Pidal, s/n, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - David Arráez-Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avd. del Conocimiento, Bioregion building, 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avd. del Conocimiento, Bioregion building, 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana María Gómez-Caravaca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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12
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Piccirilli G, Chiereghin A, Pascucci MG, Frasca G, Zuntini R, Ferrari S, Gabrielli L, Landini MP, Lazzarotto T. Molecular detection and genetic characterization of circulating measles virus in northern Italy. J Clin Virol 2016; 81:34-42. [PMID: 27310466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laboratory diagnosis of measles virus (MV) infection and genetic characterization of circulating MV play an essential role in measles surveillance, allowing proper interventions to interrupt endemic transmission. OBJECTIVES We describe results obtained using serological and molecular methods to confirm MV infection among suspected cases reported in a large region in the north of Italy during 2010-2014 and the genotyping of the MV strains detected. STUDY DESIGN Three hundred seventy-two samples (361 urine and 11 oral fluids) were tested for MV-RNA detection. In 281 cases, the serological results for MV-IgM detection were also available. RESULTS A total of 276 cases were classified as confirmed measles and MV-RNA detection resulted positive for 239/276 cases. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed sporadic cases of genotypes D9 and different circulations of endemic MV strains (D8, D4 and B3). CONCLUSIONS This data suggests that there is still an unvaccinated part of the population maintaining the endemic circulation of MV in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Piccirilli
- Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory of Virology, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Angela Chiereghin
- Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory of Virology, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Gabriella Frasca
- Public Health Unit Emilia-Romagna Region, Viale Aldo Moro 21, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Roberta Zuntini
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Simona Ferrari
- Unit of Medical Genetics, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Liliana Gabrielli
- Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory of Virology, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Paola Landini
- Department of Specialised, Experimental, and Diagnostic Medicine, Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory of Virology, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Lazzarotto
- Department of Specialised, Experimental, and Diagnostic Medicine, Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory of Virology, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
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