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Al-Mhanna SB, Batrakoulis A, Mohamed M, Alkhamees NH, Sheeha BB, Ibrahim ZM, Aldayel A, Muhamad AS, Rahman SA, Afolabi HA, Zulkifli MM, Hafiz Bin Hanafi M, Abubakar BD, Rojas-Valverde D, Ghazali WSW. Home-based circuit training improves blood lipid profile, liver function, musculoskeletal fitness, and health-related quality of life in overweight/obese older adult patients with knee osteoarthritis and type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:125. [PMID: 38831437 PMCID: PMC11145895 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is strong evidence showing the association between obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and knee pain resulting from osteoarthritis. Regular exercise has been reported as a foundational piece of the preventive therapy puzzle for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients. Nonetheless, evidence-based exercise protocols for people with comorbidities, such as obesity, T2DM, and KOA are limited. Therefore, the present trial aimed to assess the effectiveness of a 12-week home-based circuit training (HBCT) protocol on various indices related to cardiometabolic health, musculoskeletal fitness, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among overweight/obese older adult patients with KOA and T2DM during the COVID-19 lockdown. METHODS This is a randomized controlled trial study registered at the National Medical Research Register (ID: RSCH ID-21-01180-KGTNMRR ID-21-02367-FUM) and obtained approval on December 9, 2021. Seventy overweight or obese patients with KOA and T2DM (62.2 ± 6.1 years; 56% female) were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 35, HBCT) or the no-exercise control group (n = 35, CON). HBCT performed a 12-week progressive protocol (seven exercises; 15-30 repetitions per exercise, 1 min passive rest between exercises; 2-4 rounds per session; 20-60 min total session duration). Blood samples were collected, and assays were performed to assess the lipid profile, liver function, and fasting blood glucose (FBG). In addition, the 30-s Chair Stand Test (30CST) was used to evaluate lower body muscular strength and endurance while the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test was used to evaluate lower limb function, mobility, and the risk of falls for all the participants. HRQoL was assessed using the Osteoarthritis Knee and Hip Quality of Life (OAKHQoL). All the assessments were conducted at pre-, mid-, and post-training stages during the application or practice of the exercise protocol, rather than during the training sessions themselves. RESULTS HBCT significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, FBG and knee pain (p < 0.05). Furthermore, HBCT induced meaningful increases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), lower body muscular strength, endurance, function, mobility, and HRQoL in overweight/obese older adults with T2DM and KOA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The present outcomes recommend that an injury-free HBCT program may improve various indicators related to cardiometabolic health, musculoskeletal fitness, and HRQoL in elderly with overweight/obesity, T2DM and KOA. These findings offer valuable insights for clinicians and practitioners seeking evidence-based exercise interventions tailored for patients managing substantial metabolic and musculoskeletal health challenges in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Badri Al-Mhanna
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India.
| | - Alexios Batrakoulis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nouf H Alkhamees
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bodor Bin Sheeha
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zizi M Ibrahim
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy for Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz Aldayel
- Department of Exercise Physiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayu Suzailiana Muhamad
- Exercise and Sports Science Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Shaifuzain Ab Rahman
- Department of Orthopaedic, Hospital University Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hafeez Abiola Afolabi
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Mohd Zulkifli
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hafiz Bin Hanafi
- Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Bishir Daku Abubakar
- Department of Human Physiology, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte, Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Wan Syaheedah Wan Ghazali
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Le Corre A, Caron N, Turpin NA, Dalleau G. Mechanisms underlying altered neuromuscular function in people with DPN. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023:10.1007/s00421-023-05150-2. [PMID: 36763123 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes alters numerous physiological functions and can lead to disastrous consequences in the long term. Neuromuscular function is particularly affected and is impacted early, offering an opportunity to detect the onset of diabetes-related dysfunctions and follow the advancement of the disease. The role of physical training for counteracting the deleterious effects of diabetes is well accepted but at the same time, it appears difficult to reliably assess the effects of exercise on functional capacity in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). In this paper, we will review the specific characteristics of various neuromuscular dysfunctions associated with diabetes according to the DPN presence or not, and their changes over time. We present several propositions regarding the onset of neuromuscular alterations in people with diabetes compared to people with DPN. It appears that motor unit loss and neuromuscular transmission impairment are among the main mechanisms explaining the considerable degradation of neuromuscular function in the transition from a diabetic to neuropathic state. Rate of force development and contractile properties could start to decrease with the onset of preferential type II fiber atrophy, commonly reported in people with DPN. Finally, Mmax amplitude could decrease with neuromuscular fatigue only in people with DPN, reflecting the fatigue-related neuromuscular transmission impairment reported in people with DPN. In this review, we show that the different neuromuscular parameters are altered at different stages of diabetes, according to the presence of DPN or not. The precise evaluation of these parameters might participate in adapting the physical training prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Le Corre
- IRISSE (EA 4075), UFR SHE, University of La Réunion, 117 Rue du Général Ailleret, 97430, Le Tampon, France.
| | - Nathan Caron
- IRISSE (EA 4075), UFR SHE, University of La Réunion, 117 Rue du Général Ailleret, 97430, Le Tampon, France
| | - Nicolas A Turpin
- IRISSE (EA 4075), UFR SHE, University of La Réunion, 117 Rue du Général Ailleret, 97430, Le Tampon, France
| | - Georges Dalleau
- IRISSE (EA 4075), UFR SHE, University of La Réunion, 117 Rue du Général Ailleret, 97430, Le Tampon, France
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Collins KA, Ross LM, Slentz CA, Huffman KM, Kraus WE. Differential Effects of Amount, Intensity, and Mode of Exercise Training on Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Homeostasis: A Narrative Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:90. [PMID: 35834023 PMCID: PMC9283590 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As type 2 diabetes remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, identifying the most appropriate preventive treatment early in the development of disease is an important public health matter. In general, lifestyle interventions incorporating exercise and weight loss via caloric restriction improve cardiometabolic risk by impacting several key markers of insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. However, variations in the effects of specific types of exercise interventions on these markers have led to conflicting results surrounding the optimal amount, intensity, and mode of exercise for optimal effects. Moreover, the addition of weight loss via caloric restriction to exercise interventions appears to differentially impact changes in body composition, metabolism, and insulin sensitivity compared to exercise alone. Determining the optimal amount, intensity, and mode of exercise having the most beneficial impact on glycemic status is both: (1) clinically important to provide guidelines for appropriate exercise prescription; and (2) physiologically important to understand the pathways by which exercise—with and without weight loss—impacts glycemic status to enhance precision lifestyle medicine. Thus, the purposes of this narrative review are to: (1) summarize findings from the three Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise (STRRIDE) randomized trials regarding the differential effects of exercise amount, intensity, and mode on insulin action and glucose homeostasis markers; and (2) compare the STRRIDE findings to other published dose–response exercise trials in order to piece together the various physiologic pathways by which specific exercise interventions—with or without weight loss—impact glycemic status.
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Loaiza-Betancur AF, Chulvi-Medrano I, Díaz-López VA, Gómez-Tomás C. The effect of exercise training on blood pressure in menopause and postmenopausal women: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Maturitas 2021; 149:40-55. [PMID: 34108092 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of hypertension is higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women. Regular exercise training has been shown to be effective in addressing hypertension. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the effect of exercise training on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in menopausal and postmenopausal women. This review was reported according to the PRISMA statement and registered in PROSPERO. The literature search was done in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials. Randomized controlled trials involving menopausal and postmenopausal women undergoing exercise training were included. Two blinded reviewers assessed risk of bias in the included studies by using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. A random-effects model was used for all analyses. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Compared with the control group, exercise training resulted in clinically significant reductions on SBP (MD -3.43 mmHg; 95% CI, -5.16, -1.71; P < 0.0001), DBP (MD, -2.25 mmHg; 95% CI, -3.40, -1.11; P = 0.0001) and MAP (MD, -3.48 mmHg; 95% CI, -5.84, -1.11; P = 0.004). Aerobic training (AT) did not produce a significant reduction in SBP, DBP and MAP (P >0.05). Combined training (CT) generated larger reductions. Exercise training generated small but clinically relevant reductions in SBP, DBP and MAP in menopausal and postmenopausal women, younger or older than 65 years, with prehypertension or hypertension. AT did not lead to a clinically relevant improvement in blood pressure (BP) in this population. In addition, CT showed the largest reductions in SBP, DBP and MAP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Chulvi-Medrano
- Universitat de Valencia - Campus Blasco Ibanez: Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - Cinta Gómez-Tomás
- Physiotherapy and Sports Rehabilitation Research Group, Catholic University of Murcia.| San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia: Universidad Catolica San Antonio de Murcia
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de Oliveira JJ, E Silva ADS, Ribeiro AGSV, Barbosa CGR, de Oliveira Silva JA, Pontes AG, Batista JPE, Pertille A. The effect of physical activity on total homocysteine concentrations and cardiovascular risk in older Brazilian adults with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:407-416. [PMID: 34178848 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A low level of physical activity has a potential association with high levels of homocysteine, which implies an increased chance of older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the effects of physical activity on homocysteine levels have been poorly explored in the literature. Therefore, this study compared homocysteine levels and cardiovascular risk among physically active and inactive older women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fifty-nine women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, between 60 and 91 years old, were evaluated. The level of physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) long version to identify active and inactive older women. Blood samples were collected and anthropometric, body composition, and blood pressure measurements were performed to determine homocysteine levels and cardiovascular risk. The results demonstrated that active older women with type 2 diabetes mellitus have lower homocysteine values (F = 17.79, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.238), cardiovascular risk scores (F = 15.84, p = p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.217), and waist circumferences (F = 2.95, p = 0.013, ηp2 = 0.049) when compared with inactive older women. It was concluded that there was a difference in the levels of homocysteine, cardiovascular risk, and waist circumference between active and inactive older women with type 2 diabetes. Active older women are less likely to have cardiovascular risk than inactive older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Jonas de Oliveira
- Post-graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Physical Education Department, Centro Universitário de Itajubá - FEPI, Av. Dr. Antônio Braga Filho, 687 - Bairro Varginha, Itajubá, 37501-002 Brazil
| | - Alexandre de Souza E Silva
- Physical Education Department, Centro Universitário de Itajubá - FEPI, Av. Dr. Antônio Braga Filho, 687 - Bairro Varginha, Itajubá, 37501-002 Brazil
| | | | | | - Jasiele Aparecida de Oliveira Silva
- Physical Education Department, Centro Universitário de Itajubá - FEPI, Av. Dr. Antônio Braga Filho, 687 - Bairro Varginha, Itajubá, 37501-002 Brazil
| | - Annie Guimarães Pontes
- Physical Education Department, Centro Universitário de Itajubá - FEPI, Av. Dr. Antônio Braga Filho, 687 - Bairro Varginha, Itajubá, 37501-002 Brazil
| | - João Paulo Estevam Batista
- Physical Education Department, Centro Universitário de Itajubá - FEPI, Av. Dr. Antônio Braga Filho, 687 - Bairro Varginha, Itajubá, 37501-002 Brazil
| | - Adriana Pertille
- Post-graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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The effect of aerobic vs. resistance training on plasma homocysteine in individuals with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1003-1009. [PMID: 33520818 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Elevated plasma homocysteine concentration is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which seems to be the main cause of increased mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have demonstrated the effect of exercise on homocysteine levels and the magnitude of these benefits seems to depend on the type, mode and frequency of training. The present study aimed to compare the effects of aerobic and resistance training on plasma homocysteine in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The study included 15 individuals undergoing aerobic training, 14 subjects undergoing resistance training, and 18 individuals in the control group. Homocysteine, total cholesterol and fractions, glucose, and anthropometric measurements were conducted. The training program lasted 16 weeks. Aerobic training was performed twice a week and lasted 75 min, and resistance training was performed twice a week and lasted 75 min. Homocysteine levels were not significantly different between before and after training. High-density lipoprotein levels increased in both training groups and decreased in the control group. Glucose levels decreased after aerobic and resistance training. Body fat mass (percentage and total) decreased in both training group, but with more expression in the aerobic group. We conclude that 16-week aerobic and resistance training programs did not significantly affect plasma homocysteine levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, these training programs yielded positive results in HDL control, plasma glucose, and body composition.
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Silva ADSE, Lacerda FV, da Mota MPG. Effect of Strength Training on Plasma Levels of Homocysteine in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:80. [PMID: 31198515 PMCID: PMC6547780 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_313_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of strength training on plasma homocysteine levels and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods The sample consisted of 14 diabetic women with a mean age of 68 ± 6 years. Biochemical evaluations and anthropometric measurements were taken before and after training. Training sessions lasted 50 min and comprised three sets of 8-12 repetitions each. The established load was 60% of 1 repetition maximum. Results After the training program, it was observed that the levels of homocysteine (average before 13.4 ± 2.9 and after 12.8 ± 3.3, P = 0.40), very low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (average before 41.9 ± 17.0 and after 36.2 ± 11.8, P = 0.47), total cholesterol (average before 214.4 ± 60.6 and after 190.2 ± 62.3, P = 0.09), triglycerides (average before 209.3 ± 85.4 and after 181.5 ± 59.2, P = 0.47), and blood glucose (average before 123.5 ± 30.4 and after 110.1 ± 24.7, P = 0.26) showed no significant changes, but the LDL (average before 129.1 ± 63.4 and after 95.7 ± 53.3, P = 0.04), high-density lipoprotein (average before 43.2 ± 12.0 and after 58.2 ± 15.6, P = 0.01), lean mass (average before 41.1 ± 5.7 and after 42.8 ± 5.4, P = 0.008), fat mass (average before 31.4 ± 8.8 and after 29.7 ± 8.5, P = 0.001), and percentage fat (average before 42.6 ± 4.0 and after 40.3 ± 4.6, P = 0.000) showed significant changes. Conclusions This study concluded that strength training does not improve homocysteine levels, but help to improve the lipoprotein profile in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre de Souza E Silva
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Carrazeda de Ansiães, Portugal.,University Center of Itajubá, Itajubá, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Paula Gonçalves da Mota
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development - CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal
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Moazami M, Askari A. Effect of Six Months of Aerobic Exercise on Lipid Profile, Inflammatory Markers and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Obese Women. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.12.2.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Implementing Low-Cost, Community-Based Exercise Programs for Middle-Aged and Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: What Are the Benefits for Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14091057. [PMID: 28902144 PMCID: PMC5615594 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14091057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a long-term, community-based, combined exercise program developed with low-cost exercise strategies on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged and older patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Participants (n = 124; 63.25 ± 7.20 years old) engaged in either a 9-month supervised exercise program (n = 39; consisting of combined aerobic, resistance, agility/balance, and flexibility exercise; three sessions per week; 70 min per session) or a control group (n = 85) who maintained their usual care. Glycemic control, lipid profile, blood pressure, anthropometric profile, and the 10-year risk of coronary artery disease were assessed before and after the 9-month intervention. RESULTS A significant time * group interaction effect (p < 0.001) was identified in the values of the glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, and the 10-year risk of coronary artery disease. CONCLUSIONS A long-term, community-based, combined exercise program developed with low-cost exercise strategies was effective in inducing significant benefits on glycemic control, lipid profile, blood pressure, anthropometric profile, and the 10-year risk of coronary artery disease in middle-aged and older patients with type 2 diabetes. Clinical Trial Identification Number: ISRCTN09240628.
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Chaturvedi A, Nayak G, Nayak AG, Rao A. Comparative Assessment of the Effects of Hatha Yoga and Physical Exercise on Biochemical Functions in Perimenopausal Women. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:KC01-4. [PMID: 27656468 PMCID: PMC5028509 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/18891.8389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Menopause is a transitional phase in which some women experience discomfort, while others may exhibit variety of symptoms. The power of yoga therapy in relieving stress, enhancing health, improving fitness and managing symptoms of a variety of disorders is remarkable. AIM The current study was designed to study the effect of Hatha yoga therapy and regular physical exercise on the Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Glycated Haemoglobin (GHB), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), serum cortisol and total plasma thiol levels in perimenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 216 women with perimenopausal symptoms, 111 in test group (Hatha yoga) and 105 in control group (physical exercise). The duration of intervention was 45 minutes every day for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected in the pre and post intervention period. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. RESULTS FBS and GHB (p≤0.05) showed a significant decrease after yoga therapy. Cortisol levels significantly (p≤0.05) increased in the post intervention period in the control group. However, it is maintained in the test group between the two time periods. The total plasma thiols level showed a rise in the post intervention period, significant rise (p≤0.001) in control group but not significant in the test group. The TSH levels were not altered in any group. CONCLUSION It is concluded that exercise helps in maintaining the sugar levels but calming effects of yoga practice is important in relieving stress and enhancing health in perimenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chaturvedi
- Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Gayathry Nayak
- Associate Professor, Department of Yoga, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Akshatha Ganesh Nayak
- Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Anjali Rao
- Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
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Chagas EFB, Bonfim MR, Brondino NCM, Monteiro HL. Exercício físico e fatores de risco cardiovasculares em mulheres obesas na pós-menopausa. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-86922015210101834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: o exercício físico tem sido recomendado, como estratégia terapêutica não farmacológica, no tratamento de importantes fatores de risco cardiovascular.OBJETIVO: analisar o impacto de um programa de exercício físico, adaptado à realidade das Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF), sobre a composição corporal, fatores de risco cardiovasculares e Escore de Framingham de mulheres obesas na pós-menopausa.MÉTODOS: 70 mulheres entre 50 e 79 anos, sedentárias, obesas e sem menstruar por no mínimo doze meses, foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em um grupo treinado (GT) (n=35) e um não treinado (GnT) (n=35). O GT participou de vinte semanas de um programa de exercícios físicos com três sessões semanais, constituído por atividades de monitoramento e aquecimento (10 min); 25 min de exercício de flexibilidade e força; 50 min de caminhada com intensidade entre 50 a 65% do VO2max; e 5 min de relaxamento. O GnT foi orientado a manter suas atividades normais.RESULTADOS: o GT apresentou reduções significativas do índice de massa corporal (30,1+3,7 vs. 29,3+3,7; p=0,0001), circunferência de cintura (93,3+10,3 vs. 89,1+10,4; p=0,0001), percentual de gordura (54,2+2,9 vs.53,2+3,3; p=0,0001), pressão arterial sistólica (128,0+14,6 vs. 119,2+10,3; p=0,0001), triglicerídeos (148,4+66,1 vs. 122,8+40,7; p=0,006), VLDL colesterol (29,7+13,2 vs. 24,5+8,0; p=0,005) e Escore de Framingham (13,08+4,0 vs. 11,77+4,1; p=0,010). No grupo não treinado foram observados aumentos significativos do percentual de gordura (55,0+4,0 vs. 57,0+3,8; p=0,0001), pressão arterial sistólica (128,6+10,5 vs. 133,7+12,0; p=0,001), glicemia de jejum (95,2+18,4 vs. 113,7+28,8; p=0,001) e Escore de Framingham (12,82+3,2 vs. 13,91+4,0; p=0,043), como também reduções do HDL colesterol (55,1+10,5 vs. 51,7+11,0; p=0,017).CONCLUSÃO: o programa de exercício físico adaptado às condições de USF foi efetivo na redução dos fatores de risco cardiovascular de mulheres obesas na pós-menopausa atendidas pelo programa SUS.
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Faulkner MS, Michaliszyn SF, Hepworth JT, Wheeler MD. Personalized exercise for adolescents with diabetes or obesity. Biol Res Nurs 2013; 16:46-54. [PMID: 23965300 DOI: 10.1177/1099800413500064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined adherence to a personalized, community-based exercise intervention by sedentary adolescents with type 1 or type 2 diabetes or those with obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a pretest-posttest investigation to explore the application of an individualized exercise prescription based upon current fitness level for 39 adolescents (20 with type 1 diabetes, 9 with type 2 diabetes, and 10 obese) over 16 weeks in community settings. Subjects were recruited from a university-based pediatric endocrinology clinic in the southwestern United States. Adherence to the exercise prescription was monitored using accelerometers over the entire intervention period. RESULTS Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels significantly increased over sedentary baseline values (p < .001), but the average of 42.5 ± 22.1 min/day of MVPA determined at the end of the study was still less than the recommended 60 min/day. Perceptions of health were significantly increased for the total group following the intervention (p = .008). For those with type 1 diabetes, there was a significant association between MVPA duration and percentage change in HbA1c (r = -.526, p = .02). CONCLUSIONS Recruitment and retention of adolescent participation in daily exercise is challenging. Personalized approaches that include adolescent choices with family support and ongoing motivation can improve individual exercise adherence and a sense of personal health.
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Oliveira C, Simões M, Carvalho J, Ribeiro J. Combined exercise for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 98:187-98. [PMID: 22981711 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus has emerged as a major non-communicable chronic diseases in many countries. The importance of exercise in the prevention and management of this disease is evident. This paper briefly reviews the effects of combining aerobic and resistance exercises on glycemic control, and details the training and characteristics of various interventions in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Literature searches were performed using electronic databases between the 1st of January 1950 and the 15th of September 2011. Of the 403 articles retrieved, 28 studies met our inclusion criteria. Combined exercise protocols seem to improve glycemic control to a greater extent than isolated forms of exercise. Nevertheless, length, duration, intensity, mode, number of exercises, sets and repetitions varied markedly among studies. Supervised training sessions, recommended structured exercises, and splitting aerobic and resistance training in separate sessions may be relevant for best results. Future studies should analyze the effects of different aerobic and resistance training modes, different training and progression methods, and whether one type of exercise is optimal, as these issues are likely to convey greater knowledge on type 2 diabetes mellitus management through combined exercise.
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Phillips SM, Winett RA. Uncomplicated resistance training and health-related outcomes: evidence for a public health mandate. Curr Sports Med Rep 2011; 9:208-13. [PMID: 20622538 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0b013e3181e7da73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Compared to aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT) has received far less attention as a prescription for general health. However, RT is as effective as AT in lowering risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other diseases. There is a clear ability of RT, in contrast to AT, to promote gains, maintenance, or slow loss of skeletal muscle mass/strength. Thus, as an antisarcopenic exercise treatment, RT is of greater benefit than AT; given the aging of our population, this is of primary importance. In our view, a substantial barrier to greater adoption of RT is the incorrectly perceived importance of variables such as external load, intensity, and volume, leading to complex, difficult-to-follow regimes. We propose a more feasible and easier-to-adhere-to paradigm for RT that could affect how RT is viewed and adopted as a prescription for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
PURPOSE This descriptive study of adolescents with type 1 or type 2 diabetes examined the relationships between cardiovascular fitness and physical activity (PA) with generic or health-related quality of life (QoL), glycemic control, and lipids. DESIGN AND METHODS Graded ergometry testing for fitness, fasting assays for lipids, glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C), and self-reported PA and QoL instruments were completed with 151 adolescents. RESULTS Adolescents with type 2 diabetes had lower fitness. Fitness was associated with improved lipids, A1C, health perception, and athletic competence in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Interventions to encourage active lifestyles are imperative for adolescents with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Spezia Faulkner
- Diabetes Research and Education, University of Arizona, College of Nursing, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
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Silva JLD, Maranhão RC, Matos Vinagre CGCD. Efeitos do treinamento resistido na lipoproteína de baixa densidade. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922010000100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Os benefícios da prática regular do exercício físico estão claramente estabelecidos na literatura. Entretanto, a escolha do tipo de exercício ideal pode ser mais salutar para indivíduos com doenças específicas e patologias associadas. O propósito desta revisão foi verificar se o treinamento resistido (TR) exerce alguma alteração no colesterol da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-C). Foram observadas grandes diferenças na literatura, dificultando uma conclusão em relação aos benefícios do TR nesta revisão. No entanto, foi visto que o TR pode ser promissor na redução dos níveis de LDL-C, principalmente em homens e mulheres adultos, em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 e tipo 2 e em mulheres pré-menopausa, não mostrando diferenças na população idosa. Os autores concluem que o TR é uma boa opção de exercício físico para indivíduos, principalmente quando o treinamento aeróbio (TA) é contraindicado.
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Bweir S, Al-Jarrah M, Almalty AM, Maayah M, Smirnova IV, Novikova L, Stehno-Bittel L. Resistance exercise training lowers HbA1c more than aerobic training in adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2009; 1:27. [PMID: 20003276 PMCID: PMC2800839 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-1-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 10 weeks of resistance or treadmill exercises on glycemic indices levels prior to and immediately following exercise in adults with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHOD Twenty inactive subjects (mean age 53.5 years) with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the study. Baseline HbA1c, blood glucose levels, heart rate, and blood pressure were measured for each subject prior to the initiation of the exercise program. Subsequently, subjects were matched to age, waist circumference and sex and assigned to either isocaloric resistance or treadmill exercise groups, which met 3 times per week for 10 weeks. RESULTS Both groups showed a reduction in pre and post-exercise blood glucose and HbA1c values. There was no change in resting blood pressure or heart rate in either group during the course of the 10 week intervention. The group receiving resistance exercises showed significant differences in the daily pre-exercise plasma glucose readings between the beginning and end of the exercise protocol (p < 0.001). There were significant improvements in the mean HbA1c reading pre and post training in both groups (p < 0.001). However, the greater reduction was noted in the resistance exercise group, and at 10 weeks their HbA1c levels were significantly lower than the group that received treadmill exercises (p < 0.006). CONCLUSION Ten weeks of resistance exercises were associated with a significantly better glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes compared to treadmill exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salameh Bweir
- Department of Physiotherapy, Allied Medical Sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Muhammed Al-Jarrah
- Department of Physiotherapy, Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdul-Majeed Almalty
- Department of Physiotherapy, Allied Medical Sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mikhled Maayah
- Department of Physiotherapy, Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Irina V Smirnova
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Lesya Novikova
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Lisa Stehno-Bittel
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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