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Smith RW, Housh TJ, Arnett JE, Anders JPV, Neltner TJ, Ortega DG, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO. The Effects of Anchor Schemes on Performance Fatigability, Neuromuscular Responses and the Perceived Sensations That Contributed to Task Termination. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:jfmk8020049. [PMID: 37218845 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the effect of anchor schemes on the time to task failure (TTF), performance fatigability, neuromuscular responses, and the perceived sensations that contributed to task termination following the sustained, isometric forearm flexion tasks. Eight women completed sustained, isometric forearm flexion tasks anchored to RPE = 8 (RPEFT) and the torque (TRQFT) that corresponded to RPE = 8. The subjects performed pre-test and post-test maximal isometric contractions to quantify performance fatigability and changes in electromyographic amplitude (EMG AMP) and neuromuscular efficiency (NME). In addition, the subjects completed a post-test questionnaire (PTQ) to quantify the contributions of perceived sensations to task termination. Repeated measure ANOVAs were used to assess the mean differences for TTF, performance fatigability, and neuromuscular responses. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests were used to assess the differences between anchor schemes for the average values from the PTQ item scores. For TTF, the RPEFT was longer than the TRQFT (174.9 ± 85.6 vs. 65.6 ± 68.0 s; p = 0.006). Collapsed across the anchor scheme, there were decreases in torque (23.7 ± 5.5 Nm vs. 19.6 ± 4.9 Nm; p < 0.001) and NME (1.00 ± 0.00 vs. 0.76 ± 0.15; p = 0.003). There were no significant (p > 0.577) changes for EMG AMP. For the PTQ, there were no differences (p > 0.05) between anchor schemes. There were, however, inter-individual differences in the response scores. The current findings indicated that performance fatigability was likely due to peripheral fatigue (based on NME), not central fatigue (based on EMG AMP). Furthermore, the use of a PTQ may serve as a simple tool to assess the contributions of perceived sensations to task termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Smith
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68510, USA
| | - Terry J Housh
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68510, USA
| | - Jocelyn E Arnett
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68510, USA
| | - John Paul V Anders
- The Exercise Science Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43017, USA
| | - Tyler J Neltner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68510, USA
| | - Dolores G Ortega
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68510, USA
| | - Richard J Schmidt
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68510, USA
| | - Glen O Johnson
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68510, USA
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Chino K, Ando R, Suzuki Y. Verification of surface electromyographic activity of the oblique externus abdominis using ultrasound shear wave elastography. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15295. [PMID: 35510415 PMCID: PMC9069374 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study used ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) to revalidate whether surface electromyographic (EMG) electrodes placed on the oblique externus abdominis (OE) can detect only the OE activity without the confounding activity of the underlying oblique internus abdominis (OI). During left and right trunk rotations, the EMG activity was acquired using surface EMG electrodes placed on the right OE. Shear wave velocity (Vs ) values of the right OE and OI were acquired using SWE. The EMG activity during the left and right trunk rotations significantly increased as the level of exertion increased (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the one-repetition maximum [1RM]). The Vs of the right OE was significantly different only between 25% and 75% 1RM in the right trunk rotation, but significantly increased from 25% to 75% 1RM during the left trunk rotation. The Vs of the right OI during the right trunk rotation significantly increased with increased levels of exertion, except between 50% and 75% 1RM. The results for the Vs of the OE and OI in the right trunk rotation suggest that surface EMG electrodes placed on the OE would detect not only the antagonistic OE activity but also the agonistic OI activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Chino
- Department of Health and Physical EducationFaculty of Human DevelopmentKokugakuin UniversityKanagawaJapan
- Sports OkinawaOkinawaJapan
| | - Ryosuke Ando
- Department of Sports ResearchJapan Institute of Sports SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Sports ResearchJapan Institute of Sports SciencesTokyoJapan
- Center for General EducationTokyo Keizai UniversityTokyoJapan
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Miller WM, Ye X, Jeon S. Effects of Maximal vs. Submaximal Isometric Fatiguing Exercise on Subsequent Submaximal Exercise Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1875-1883. [PMID: 31145388 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Miller, WM, Ye, X, and Jeon, S. Effects of maximal vs. submaximal isometric fatiguing exercise on subsequent submaximal exercise performance. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 1875-1883, 2020-Exercise-induced muscle fatigue directly influences subsequent exercise performance. Thus, we examined task failure times for submaximal intermittent fatiguing isometric contractions performed after a bout of sustained maximal vs. submaximal isometric fatiguing contractions with the dominant elbow flexors. Twenty physically active individuals 8 men (mean ± SD = 21.4 ± 1.8 years; 80.9 ± 12.5 kg; 180 ± 6.4 cm) and 12 women (mean ± SD = 21.4 ± 2.7; 66.8 ± 15.6 kg; 165.7 ± 7.1 cm) participated in a 3-visit randomized cross-over study. Visit 1 included familiarization, and 2 and 3 were randomized for sustained maximal (until force was below 50% of the maximal force value) or submaximal conditions (50% of maximal force until task failure), followed by submaximal intermittent isometric contractions to task failure. Surface electromyography was recorded through the biceps brachii during all fatiguing contractions. Task failure time was significantly shorter for the maximal compared with submaximal condition, and no significant difference in sex or condition was found for the subsequent fatiguing condition. Electromyography amplitude significantly increased in the submaximal intermittent isometric contractions from prefatigue and first and final postfatigue with no condition or sex differences. Electromyography mean frequency significantly decreased from prefatigue and first and final postfatigue for both sexes, with no condition or sex differences. With both maximal and submaximal exercises inducing the same level of force deficit, our results suggested that both exercises might have imposed a similar burden on the neuromuscular system, thereby not providing differential effects on the subsequent submaximal exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Miller
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
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Paix EL, Tweedy SM, Connick MJ, Beckman EM. Differentiating maximal and submaximal voluntary strength measures for the purposes of medico-legal assessments and para sport classification: A systematic review. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:1518-1550. [PMID: 33028160 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1834623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of maximum voluntary muscle contractions are effort-dependent - valid measurement requires maximal voluntary effort (MVE) from participants. Submaximal efforts (SMEs) yield invalid and potentially misleading results. This is particularly problematic in medico-legal and Para sport assessments where low strength scores may confer a personal advantage. Therefore, objective methods for accurately differentiating MVE and SME are required. This systematic review aimed to identify, appraise and synthesise evidence from scientific studies evaluating the validity of objective methods for differentiating MVE from SME during maximal voluntary contractions. Four electronic databases were searched for original research articles published in English and secondary references appraised for relevance yielding 25 studies for review. Methods were categorised based on eight distinct underlying theories. For isokinetic strength assessment, methods based on two theories - Strength-measure Ratios and Inter-Trial Strength Consistency - correctly classified 100% MVE and > 92% SME. Consequently, research evaluating the relative suitability of these methods for translation into practice is warranted. During isometric strength assessments, methods based on Deceptive Visual Feedback and Force-length properties warrant further investigation. Both methods yielded statistically significant differences between MVE and SME, with minimal overlap in values, but their sensitivity and specificity have not been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Paix
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sean M Tweedy
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark J Connick
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Emma M Beckman
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Sunada Y, Magara J, Tsujimura T, Ono K, Inoue M. Endurance measurement of hyoid muscle activity and hyoid-laryngeal position during tongue lift movement. J Oral Rehabil 2020; 47:967-976. [PMID: 32350874 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tongue lift movement (TLM) is used as a therapy to improve tongue pressure against the hard palate for dysphagic patients. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to characterize the time-dependent endurance changes in hyoid muscle activity and hyoid-laryngeal displacement during TLM in different ways. METHODS Sixteen young healthy volunteers were instructed to perform TLM at maximum effort (100%) against the anterior and posterior parts of the hard palate using a balloon-type tongue pressure instrument, followed by a 10-second recording during anterior 80% TLM, anterior 100% TLM, posterior 80% TLM and posterior 100% TLM with visual feedback. Electromyography (EMG) of suprahyoid (S-Hyo) and infrahyoid (I-Hyo) muscles and videofluorography were simultaneously recorded. To evaluate temporal changes, the recording period was divided into three substages: early, middle and late. Tongue pressure, integrated EMG (iEMG), power frequency of EMG burst and hyoid-laryngeal position were compared among the conditions (80% vs 100%, anterior vs posterior and early vs middle vs late). RESULTS Tongue pressure was stably maintained for 10 seconds in all conditions. S-Hyo iEMG and I-Hyo iEMG were significantly greater at 100% than at 80%, while no significant difference was observed between positions. S-Hyo iEMG and I-Hyo iEMG significantly increased at the late stage, while power frequency of EMG burst gradually decreased. Significant temporal changes in laryngeal elevation were observed only in posterior 100% TLM. CONCLUSION The current results suggested that isometric posterior TLM may be more useful compared with anterior TLM in clinical situations for dysphagic patients to elevate the hyolaryngeal complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Sunada
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jin Magara
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takanori Tsujimura
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ono
- Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Department of Oral Health and Welfare, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Makoto Inoue
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Jeon S, Ye X, Miller WM. Sex comparisons of agonist and antagonist muscle electromyographic parameters during two different submaximal isometric fatiguing tasks. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14022. [PMID: 30839175 PMCID: PMC6401663 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the task failure time of the force- and position-based submaximal elbow flexion fatiguing tasks for both sexes, twelve men and eight women visited the laboratory for two separate experimental occasions. During the experiment, they pulled against a rigid restraint for the force task and maintained a constant elbow joint angle to support an equivalent inertial load for the position task. For both fatiguing tasks (50% of the isometric strength at the elbow joint angle of 135 degree), the task failure time, along with the surface electromyographic (EMG) amplitude and mean frequency (MNF) were measured. The average failure time was longer for the force task than that for the position task (sexes combined: 39.6 ± 16.6 sec vs. 33.9 ± 14.9 sec, P = 0.033). In addition, men were overall less fatigable than women (tasks combined: 42.0 ± 14.7 sec vs. 28.7 ± 10.3 sec, P = 0.020). The multiple regression analyses showed that the task failure time in women was solely predicted by the rate of change of the triceps EMG MNF. Thus, more fatigability of women in this study was likely due to the quicker fatiguing rate of the antagonist triceps brachii muscle. Different from most previous studies that have used 90-degree elbow joint angle, the current 135-degree joint angle setup might have created a situation where greater muscle activity from the related muscles (e.g., the antagonist) were required for women than for men to stabilize the joint, thereby resulting in a shorter task failure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunggun Jeon
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation ManagementThe University of MississippiUniversityMississippi
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation ManagementThe University of MississippiUniversityMississippi
| | - William M. Miller
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation ManagementThe University of MississippiUniversityMississippi
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Ptaszkowski K, Wlodarczyk P, Paprocka-Borowicz M. The Relationship Between The Electromyographic Activity Of Rectus And Oblique Abdominal Muscles And Bioimpedance Body Composition Analysis - A Pilot Observational Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:2033-2040. [PMID: 31632113 PMCID: PMC6789964 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s215982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Measurements using surface electromyography (sEMG) may be more complicated when the different thickness of the subcutaneous tissue layer is observed, therefore it is important to show the influence of fat tissue on the results of sEMG measurements. The main aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the sEMG RMS value of rectus and external oblique muscles of the abdomen and the composition of the body, which was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS The target group was made up of healthy people aged 20-30-year-old. The study visit protocol of the participants was as follows: a medical history, instructions on the purpose of measurements and examination procedures, obtaining consent for participation in the research, an analysis of the body weight composition by the electrical bioimpedance method, a fat tissue thickness measurement using body fat calipers, preparation of the subject for sEMG measurements (sEMG RMS value of rectus and external oblique abdominal muscles). RESULTS Twenty-nine people were qualified for the study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. sEMG amplitudes decreased when the person had a higher fat content and had less water in the body. These results were related to the rectus abdominal muscle (mainly its upper part) during the active contraction of this muscle. In addition, it was observed that when actively bent their torsos forward people with a higher BMI and with a greater thickness of fat tissue had a lower sEMG RMS value of the rectus abdominal muscle. CONCLUSION In order to conduct reliable examinations using sEMG, parameters concerning the amount of fat tissue, the thickness of fat tissue, BMI and amount of water in the body should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuba Ptaszkowski
- Department of Clinical Biomechanics and Physiotherapy in Motor System Disorders, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw51-355, Poland
- Correspondence: Kuba Ptaszkowski Department of Clinical Biomechanics and Physiotherapy in Motor System Disorders, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże L. Pasteura 1, Wroclaw51-355, PolandTel +487117840183Fax +48717840182 Email
| | - Paulina Wlodarczyk
- Department of Clinical Biomechanics and Physiotherapy in Motor System Disorders, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw51-355, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Paprocka-Borowicz
- Department of Clinical Biomechanics and Physiotherapy in Motor System Disorders, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw51-355, Poland
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Mugnosso M, Marini F, Holmes M, Morasso P, Zenzeri J. Muscle fatigue assessment during robot-mediated movements. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2018; 15:119. [PMID: 30558608 PMCID: PMC6296130 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-018-0463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several neuromuscular disorders present muscle fatigue as a typical symptom. Therefore, a reliable method of fatigue assessment may be crucial for understanding how specific disease features evolve over time and for developing effective rehabilitation strategies. Unfortunately, despite its importance, a standardized, reliable and objective method for fatigue measurement is lacking in clinical practice and this work investigates a practical solution. METHODS 40 healthy young adults performed a haptic reaching task, while holding a robotic manipulandum. Subjects were required to perform wrist flexion and extension movements in a resistive visco-elastic force field, as many times as possible, until the measured muscles (mainly flexor and extensor carpi radialis) exhibited signs of fatigue. In order to analyze the behavior and the characteristics of the two muscles, subjects were divided into two groups: in the first group, the resistive force was applied by the robot only during flexion movements, whereas, in the second group, the force was applied only during extension movements. Surface electromyographic signals (sEMG) of both flexor and extensor carpi radialis were acquired. A novel indicator to define the Onset of Fatigue (OF) was proposed and evaluated from the Mean Frequency of the sEMG signal. Furthermore, as measure of the subjects' effort throughout the task, the energy consumption was estimated. RESULTS From the beginning to the end of the task, as expected, all the subjects showed a decrement in Mean Frequency of the muscle involved in movements resisting the force. For the OF indicator, subjects were consistent in terms of timing of fatigue; moreover, extensor and flexor muscles presented similar OF times. The metabolic analysis showed a very low level of energy consumption and, from the behavioral point of view, the test was well tolerated by the subjects. CONCLUSION The robot-aided assessment test proposed in this study, proved to be an easy to administer, fast and reliable method for objectively measuring muscular fatigue in a healthy population. This work developed a framework for an evaluation that can be deployed in a clinical practice with patients presenting neuromuscular disorders. Considering the low metabolic demand, the requested effort would likely be well tolerated by clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Mugnosso
- Motor Learning, Assistive and Rehabilitation Robotics Lab, Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences unit, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS),University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Marini
- Motor Learning, Assistive and Rehabilitation Robotics Lab, Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences unit, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michael Holmes
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Pietro Morasso
- Motor Learning, Assistive and Rehabilitation Robotics Lab, Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences unit, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jacopo Zenzeri
- Motor Learning, Assistive and Rehabilitation Robotics Lab, Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences unit, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
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