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Orlando G, Pugh J, Faulkner S, Balducci S, Sacchetti M, Pugliese G, Bazzucchi I, Haxhi J, Martinez-Valdes E, Falla D, Manolopoulos K, Nimmo MA. Muscular Adaptations to Concurrent Resistance Training and High-Intensity Interval Training in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6746. [PMID: 37754606 PMCID: PMC10530856 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
This pilot study aimed to compare the effects of eight weeks of concurrent resistance training (RT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) vs. RT alone on muscle performance, mass and quality in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Twelve T2DM adults were randomly allocated to the RT + HIIT (n = 5) or RT (n = 7) group. Before and after training, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), muscle strength and power were evaluated by calorimetry, dynamometry and one-repetition maximum (1RM) test. Quadriceps muscle volume was determined by MRI, and muscle quality was estimated. After RT, VO2max (+12%), knee muscle power (+20%), quadriceps muscle volume (+5.9%) and quality (leg extension, +65.4%; leg step-up, +223%) and 1RM at leg extension (+66.4%), leg step-up (+267%), lat pulldown (+60.9%) and chest press (+61.2%) significantly increased. The RT + HIIT group improved on VO2max (+27%), muscle volume (+6%), muscle power (+9%) and 1RM at lat pulldown (+47%). No other differences were detected. Among groups, changes in muscle quality at leg step-up and leg extension and VO2max were significantly different. The combination of RT and HIIT effectively improves muscle function and size and increases cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with T2DM. However, HIIT combined with RT may interfere with the development of muscle quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Orlando
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15GD, UK
| | - Jamie Pugh
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, UK; (J.P.); (M.A.N.)
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK;
| | - Steve Faulkner
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK;
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG14FQ, UK
| | - Stefano Balducci
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, Sant’ Andrea University Hospital, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (G.P.); (J.H.)
- Metabolic Fitness Association, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Massimo Sacchetti
- Department of Human Movement and Sport Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, Sant’ Andrea University Hospital, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (G.P.); (J.H.)
| | - Ilenia Bazzucchi
- Department of Human Movement and Sport Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Jonida Haxhi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, Sant’ Andrea University Hospital, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (G.P.); (J.H.)
| | - Eduardo Martinez-Valdes
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, UK; (E.M.-V.); (D.F.)
| | - Deborah Falla
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, UK; (E.M.-V.); (D.F.)
| | - Konstantinos Manolopoulos
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, UK;
| | - Myra A. Nimmo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, UK; (J.P.); (M.A.N.)
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK;
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Dalle Carbonare L, Minoia A, Zouari S, Piritore FC, Vareschi A, Romanelli MG, Valenti MT. Crosstalk between Bone and Muscles during Physical Activity. Cells 2023; 12:2088. [PMID: 37626898 PMCID: PMC10453939 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-muscle crosstalk is enabled thanks to the integration of different molecular signals, and it is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of skeletal and muscle tissue. Both the skeletal system and the muscular system perform endocrine activity by producing osteokines and myokines, respectively. These cytokines play a pivotal role in facilitating bone-muscle crosstalk. Moreover, recent studies have highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs in promoting crosstalk between bone and muscle in physiological or pathological conditions. Therefore, positive stimuli or pathologies that target one of the two systems can affect the other system as well, emphasizing the reciprocal influence of bone and muscle. Lifestyle and in particular physical activity influence both the bone and the muscular apparatus by acting on the single system but also by enhancing its crosstalk. Several studies have in fact demonstrated the modulation of circulating molecular factors during physical activity. These molecules are often produced by bone or muscle and are capable of activating signaling pathways involved in bone-muscle crosstalk but also of modulating the response of other cell types. Therefore, in this review we will discuss the effects of physical activity on bone and muscle cells, with particular reference to the biomolecular mechanisms that regulate their cellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Dalle Carbonare
- Department of Engineering for Innovative Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Arianna Minoia
- Department of Engineering for Innovative Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Sharazed Zouari
- Department of Engineering for Innovative Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Francesca Cristiana Piritore
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (F.C.P.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Anna Vareschi
- Department of Engineering for Innovative Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Maria Grazia Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (F.C.P.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Maria Teresa Valenti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (F.C.P.); (M.G.R.)
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Karimi Majd S, Gholami M, Bazgir B. PAX7 and MyoD Proteins Expression in Response to Eccentric and Concentric Resistance Exercise in Active Young Men. CELL JOURNAL 2023; 25:135-142. [PMID: 36840460 PMCID: PMC9968375 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2022.557440.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Satellite cells play an important role in muscle regeneration, which this process can be affected by different genes including PAX7 and MyoD. Exercise training known as an important strategy for mediating the satellite cell's function. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study is to investigate the changes in PAX7 and MyoD protein expression in response to eccentric and concentric resistance exercise in healthy young men. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this semi-experimental and cross-sectional study, 10 healthy men (age range 18-30 years old) participated. They were randomly divided into two equal groups (n=5) to perform one of two high-intensity eccentric or concentric knee extensions muscle contraction protocols. The contractions included a maximum of 12 sets of 10 repetitions, with a 30 second rest time interval between sets. PAX7 and MyoD protein expression was assessed using Immunohistochemistry analysis from the Vastus Lateralis muscle needle biopsy samples that have been taken 24 hours before and 3 to 4 hours after the end of the exercise protocol. RESULTS We observed that the PAX7 protein expression level increased significantly after eccentric (47.75%) and concentric (39.21%) (P=0.01) intervention. While, the MyoD protein expression level reduced (38.14%) significantly following acute eccentric resistance exercise (P=0.01). CONCLUSION It seems that eccentric or concentric muscular contraction modulates the expression of PAX7 and MyoD protein expression in the skeletal muscle, with further effects observed in eccentric resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Karimi Majd
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Gholami
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,P.O.Box: 14515-775Department of Physical
Education and Sport SciencesScience and Research BranchIslamic Azad
UniversityTehranIran
| | - Behzad Bazgir
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. A Narrative Review on Intermittent Fasting as an Approachable Measure for Weight Reduction and Obesity Management. Cureus 2022; 14:e30372. [PMID: 36407153 PMCID: PMC9671204 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity can be regarded as the curse of this modern advanced and efficient lifestyle as it is the crux of very precarious comorbidities. The prevalence of obesity is so widespread that cases of obesity can be seen on either end of the age spectrum. With the rise of the twenty-first century and the rise of ease of living, the sedentary lifestyle also went on the rise to become the primary contributor to the rise in obesity. For the management of obesity, various dietary modifications grew in popularity, among which is intermittent fasting. Intermittent fasting grew in popularity with the rise of the internet. Intermittent calorie restriction/time-restricted feeding is a form of caloric restriction revolving around a short window for eating and a comparatively larger window for fasting. This form of feed-fast cycle promotes increased consumption of adipose tissue and glycogen stores, leading to increased fat loss and reduced satiety. Intermittent fasting is also said to have cardioprotective functions as well known to control diabetic parameters and reduce the incidence of diabetes. This narrative review article's goals are to outline the benefits of intermittent calorie restriction while accounting for any of its potential limitations and pinpoint any knowledge gaps that may exist.
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Arabzadeh E, Shirvani H, Ebadi Zahmatkesh M, Riyahi Malayeri S, Meftahi GH, Rostamkhani F. Irisin/FNDC5 influences myogenic markers on skeletal muscle following high and moderate-intensity exercise training in STZ-diabetic rats. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:193. [PMID: 35910290 PMCID: PMC9325938 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on irisin and expression of myogenic markers (paired box 7 (Pax7), myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD), myogenin) in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats. Eighty-four male Wistar rats (6 weeks of age) were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 12): basic control (Co Basic), 8 weeks control (Co 8w), diabetes mellitus (DM), HIIT, DM + HIIT, MICT, and DM + MICT groups. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). TheV ˙ o 2 max protocol was characterized by running on a rodent treadmill with moderate intensity (60-70%V ˙ o 2 max ), 60 min per session, 5 days/week, for 6 weeks. HIIT consisted of six 3-min runs at a high intensity (80-90%V ˙ o 2 max ) alternated with 2-min running at low intensity (50%V ˙ o 2 max ), 30 min per session, 5 days/week, for 6 weeks. Results showed that DM decreased myoblast markers compared to Co Basic and Co 8w groups. Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) mRNA decrease was correlated with myoblast markers (Pax7 r = 0.632, p = 0.027; MyoD r = 0.999, p = 0.001; myogenin r = 1.000, p = 0.001) in DM group. DM + MICT significantly increased gene expression of MyoD, myogenin, and FNDC5 compared to DM and DM + HIIT. The results also showed that the intensity and duration of exercise on the treadmill were effective in stimulating irisin and myogenic markers after DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Arabzadeh
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Shirvani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahin Riyahi Malayeri
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Rostamkhani
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Sciences, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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6
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You Y, Li W, Liu J, Li X, Fu Y, Ma X. Bibliometric Review to Explore Emerging High-Intensity Interval Training in Health Promotion: A New Century Picture. Front Public Health 2021; 9:697633. [PMID: 34368063 PMCID: PMC8342813 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.697633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an emerging exercise strategy and is considered to be a recipe for health promotion. This study aimed to systematically identify collaboration networks, track research trends, highlight current hotspots, and predict future frontiers in HIIT and its applications in health promotion since the start of the new century. Methods: Relevant original publications were obtained from the Science Citation Index Expanded of the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database between 2001 and 2020. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to perform bibliometric visualization and comparative analysis of involved indexes that included countries, institutions, journals, authors, references, and keywords. Results: A total of 572 papers were included, and the trend of annual publications showed a remarkable growth. The United States and the University of Exeter were the most productive country and institutions, respectively, with 107 and 18 publications, respectively. European Journal of Applied Physiology took the lead in the number of published articles, and Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise ranked first in the cocitation counts. Barker AR and Gibala MJ were considered as the most productive and the most highly-cited authors. Conclusions: “Health risks,” “adolescent,” and “aging” are the three noteworthy topics during the evolution of HIIT-health promotion (HIIT-HP) research. The current research hotspots of HIIT and its practices in the health promotion domain lies in “metabolic diseases,” “cardiovascular diseases,” “neurological diseases,” and “musculoskeletal diseases.” The authors summarize that “prevention and rehabilitation,” “micro and molecular level,” and “cognition and mental health” are becoming frontiers and focus on the health topics related to HIIT in the upcoming years, which are worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei You
- Division of Sport Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenkai Li
- China Table Tennis College, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- Division of Sport Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingtian Li
- Division of Sport Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyao Fu
- Division of Sport Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xindong Ma
- Division of Sport Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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7
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Shamim B, Camera DM, Whitfield J. Myofibre Hypertrophy in the Absence of Changes to Satellite Cell Content Following Concurrent Exercise Training in Young Healthy Men. Front Physiol 2021; 12:625044. [PMID: 34149439 PMCID: PMC8213074 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.625044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Concurrent exercise training has been suggested to create an ‘interference effect,’ attenuating resistance training-based skeletal muscle adaptations, including myofibre hypertrophy. Satellite cells support myofibre hypertrophy and are influenced by exercise mode. To determine whether satellite cells contribute to the ‘interference effect’ changes in satellite cell and myonuclear content were assessed following a period of training in 32 recreationally active males (age: 25 ± 5 year; body mass index: 24 ± 3 kg⋅m–2; mean ± SD) who undertook 12-week of either isolated (3 d⋅w–1) resistance (RES; n = 10), endurance (END; n = 10), or alternate day (6 d⋅w–1) concurrent (CET, n = 12) training. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained pre-intervention and after 2, 8, and 12 weeks of training to determine fibre type-specific cross-sectional area (CSA), satellite cell content (Pax7+DAPI+), and myonuclei (DAPI+) using immunofluorescence microscopy. After 12 weeks, myofibre CSA increased in all training conditions in type II (P = 0.0149) and mixed fibres (P = 0.0102), with no difference between conditions. Satellite cell content remained unchanged after training in both type I and type II fibres. Significant correlations were observed between increases in fibre type-specific myonuclear content and CSA of Type I (r = 0.63, P < 0.0001), Type II (r = 0.69, P < 0.0001), and mixed fibres (r = 0.72, P < 0.0001). Resistance, endurance, and concurrent training induce similar myofibre hypertrophy in the absence of satellite cell and myonuclear pool expansion. These findings suggest that myonuclear accretion via satellite cell fusion is positively correlated with hypertrophy after 12 weeks of concurrent training, and that individuals with more myonuclear content displayed greater myofibre hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baubak Shamim
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Programme, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Donny M Camera
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Programme, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jamie Whitfield
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Programme, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Xie WQ, Men C, He M, Li YS, Lv S. The Effect of MicroRNA-Mediated Exercise on Delaying Sarcopenia in Elderly Individuals. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820974543. [PMID: 33293908 PMCID: PMC7705785 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820974543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is often regarded as an early sign of weakness and is the core element
of muscle weakness in elderly individuals. Sarcopenia is closely related to the
reduction of exercise, and elderly individuals often suffer from decreased
muscle mass and function due to a lack of exercise. At present, studies have
confirmed that resistance and aerobic exercise are related to muscle mass,
strength and fiber type and to the activation and proliferation of muscle stem
cells (MuSCs). Increasing evidence shows that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an
important role in exercise-related changes in the quantity, composition and
function of skeletal muscle. At the cellular level, miRNAs have been shown to
regulate the proliferation and differentiation of muscle cells. In addition,
miRNAs are related to the composition and transformation of muscle fibers and
involved in the transition of MuSCs from the resting state to the activated
state. Therefore, exercise may delay sarcopenia in elderly individuals by
regulating miRNAs in skeletal muscle. In future miRNA-focused treatment
strategies, these studies will provide valuable information for the formulation
of exercise methods and will provide useful and targeted exercise programs for
elderly individuals with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Xie
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chen Men
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao He
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Lv
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Zouhal H, Ben Abderrahman A, Khodamoradi A, Saeidi A, Jayavel A, Hackney AC, Laher I, Algotar AM, Jabbour G. Effects of physical training on anthropometrics, physical and physiological capacities in individuals with obesity: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13039. [PMID: 32383553 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the amount of physical activity is an important strategy for weight loss. This systematic review summarizes recent findings on the effects of physical training on anthropometric characteristics, physical performances and physiological capacities in individuals with overweight and obesity. A systematic literature search strategy was conducted from inception until June 2019 using four electronic databases that identified 2,708 records. After screening for titles, abstracts and full texts, 116 studies were included in our final analysis. Both aerobic (e.g., endurance training) and anaerobic training (e.g., high-intensity training, resistance training) improved body composition and physical fitness indicators in adults, adolescents and children with obesity (effect size: 0.08 < d < 2.67, trivial to very large). This systematic review suggests that both low- and high-intensity training significantly reduced body weight and fat mass while increasing fat-free mass in individuals with obesity (effect size: 0.04 <d <3.2, trivial to very large). A significant increase in VO2max also occurs in individuals with obesity in response to aerobic training or high-intensity interval training (effect size: 0.13 < d < 6.24, trivial to very large). Further studies are needed to define the optimal combination of training intensity and duration needed to produce the most efficacious results in individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassane Zouhal
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé), Rennes, France
| | | | - Arash Khodamoradi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Ayyappan Jayavel
- SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Chengalpattu (DT), India
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology& Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Amit M Algotar
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Georges Jabbour
- Department of Sport Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Moghadam BH, Bagheri R, Ashtary-Larky D, Tinsley GM, Eskandari M, Wong A, Moghadam BH, Kreider RB, Baker JS. The Effects of Concurrent Training Order on Satellite Cell-Related Markers, Body Composition, Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Older Men with Sarcopenia. J Nutr Health Aging 2020; 24:796-804. [PMID: 32744578 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Concurrent Training (CT) is described as a combination of resistance training (RT) and endurance training (ET) in a periodized program to maximize all aspects of physical performance. To date, effects of CT order on muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness adaptations are controversial. Owing to the age-related decrement in satellite cells (SC) which are critical for fiber repair, conservation, muscle hypertrophy as well as cardiorespiratory fitness, the present study examined the response of SC related markers to CT order in older sarcopenic men. PARTICIPANTS Thirty older men (age= 64.3 ± 3.5 years) were randomly assigned into one of 3 groups, ET followed by RT (E+R; n=10), RT followed by ET (R+E; n= 10) or a control (C; n=10). INTERVENTION The training protocol consisted of 3 exercise sessions per week for 8 weeks. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and 48 hours after the final training session. RESULTS Weight, skeletal muscle mass, lower and upper body power, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), Paired Box 7 (Pax7), and Myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) significantly increased, while were percent body fat significantly decreased following E+R and R+E compared to C. Importantly, the improvement in skeletal muscle mass, lower and upper body power, Myf5 and Pax7 in the E+R was significantly greater than the R+E group. Myogenin (Myog) and Paired Box 3 (Pax3) significantly increased (P < 0.01) in both training groups compared to no changes in C. CONCLUSION An 8-week CT intervention improves SC related markers, body composition and enhances power and VO2max in older sarcopenic participants, regardless of the order of RT and ET. However, performing ET before RT may be more effective at enhancing skeletal muscle mass, Myf5 and Pax7, in addition to both lower and upper body power. While both CT programs produced notable physiological and performance benefits, performing ET before RT during CT may provide the greatest therapeutic benefits for aging individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Moghadam
- Julien S Baker, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, Office Tel: +852 3411 8032, Fax: +852 3411 5757, e-mail:
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11
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Luan X, Tian X, Zhang H, Huang R, Li N, Chen P, Wang R. Exercise as a prescription for patients with various diseases. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2019; 8:422-441. [PMID: 31534817 PMCID: PMC6742679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A growing understanding of the benefits of exercise over the past few decades has prompted researchers to take an interest in the possibilities of exercise therapy. Because each sport has its own set of characteristics and physiological complications that tend to occur during exercise training, the effects and underlying mechanisms of exercise remain unclear. Thus, the first step in probing the effects of exercise on different diseases is the selection of an optimal exercise protocol. This review summarizes the latest exercise prescription treatments for 26 different diseases: musculoskeletal system diseases (low back pain, tendon injury, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and hip fracture), metabolic system diseases (obesity, type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease), cardio-cerebral vascular system diseases (coronary artery disease, stroke, and chronic heart failure), nervous system diseases (Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression, and anxiety disorders), respiratory system diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, and after lung transplantation), urinary system diseases (chronic kidney disease and after kidney transplantation), and cancers (breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer). Each exercise prescription is displayed in a corresponding table. The recommended type, intensity, and frequency of exercise prescriptions are summarized, and the effects of exercise therapy on the prevention and rehabilitation of different diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiangyang Tian
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Haixin Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Department of Sport, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China
| | - Rui Huang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Franco I, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Vrtačnik P, Lundberg TR, Eriksson M, Gustafsson T. Healthy skeletal muscle aging: The role of satellite cells, somatic mutations and exercise. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 346:157-200. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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O'Sullivan TF, Smith AC, Watson EL. Satellite cell function, intramuscular inflammation and exercise in chronic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J 2018; 11:810-821. [PMID: 30524716 PMCID: PMC6275451 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfy052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting is a common feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is clinically relevant due to associations with quality of life, physical functioning, mortality and a number of comorbidities. Satellite cells (SCs) are a population of skeletal muscle progenitor cells responsible for accrual and maintenance of muscle mass by providing new nuclei to myofibres. Recent evidence from animal models and human studies indicates CKD may negatively affect SC abundance and function in response to stimuli such as exercise and damage. The aim of this review is to collate recent literature on the effect of CKD on SCs, with a particular focus on the myogenic response to exercise in this population. Exercise is widely recognized as important for the maintenance of healthy skeletal muscle mass and is increasingly advocated in the care of a number of chronic conditions. Therefore a greater understanding of the impact of uraemia upon SCs and the possible altered myogenic response in CKD is required to inform strategies to prevent uraemic cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom F O'Sullivan
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Alice C Smith
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- John Walls Renal Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Emma L Watson
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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