1
|
Coleman CE, Landin C, Neuer A, Sayegh FM, Marshall PA. Calmodulin kinase 2 genetically interacts with Rch1p to negatively regulate calcium import into Saccharomyces cerevisiae after extracellular calcium pulse. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:519. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
2
|
Ozturk M, Metin M, Altay V, De Filippis L, Ünal BT, Khursheed A, Gul A, Hasanuzzaman M, Nahar K, Kawano T, Caparrós PG. Molecular Biology of Cadmium Toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4832-4846. [PMID: 33462792 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal mainly originating from industrial activities and causes environmental pollution. To better understand its toxicity and pollution remediation, we must understand the effects of Cd on living beings. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) is an eukaryotic unicellular model organism. It has provided much scientific knowledge about cellular and molecular biology in addition to its economic benefits. Effects associated with copper and zinc, sulfur and selenium metabolism, calcium (Ca2+) balance/signaling, and structure of phospholipids as a result of exposure to cadmium have been evaluated. In yeast as a result of cadmium stress, "mitogen-activated protein kinase," "high osmolarity glycerol," and "cell wall integrity" pathways have been reported to activate different signaling pathways. In addition, abnormalities and changes in protein structure, ribosomes, cell cycle disruption, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) following cadmium cytotoxicity have also been detailed. Moreover, the key OLE1 gene that encodes for delta-9 FA desaturase in relation to cadmium toxicity has been discussed in more detail. Keeping all these studies in mind, an attempt has been made to evaluate published cellular and molecular toxicity data related to Cd stress, and specifically published on S. cerevisiae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munir Ozturk
- Department of Botany and Centre for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Mert Metin
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Volkan Altay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Luigi De Filippis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 123, Australia
| | - Bengu Turkyilmaz Ünal
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biotechnology, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Anum Khursheed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alvina Gul
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kamuran Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tomonori Kawano
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Pedro García Caparrós
- Agronomy Department of Superior School Engineering, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañadade San Urbano, 04120, Almería, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ceesay A, Nor Shamsudin M, Aliyu-Paiko M, Ismail IS, Nazarudin MF, Mohamed Alipiah N. Extraction and Characterization of Organ Components of the Malaysian Sea Cucumber Holothuria leucospilota Yielded Bioactives Exhibiting Diverse Properties. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2640684. [PMID: 31119160 PMCID: PMC6500702 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2640684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to extract and characterize bioactive components from separate body organs of Holothuria leucospilota. Preliminary qualitative assessment of the crude extracts was positive for phenols, terpenoids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, steroids, phlobatannins, and tannins in all body organs evaluated. Phenolics were the most abundant group of bioactives accounting for approximately 80%. The extraction solvent mixtures that yielded most compounds evaluated were methanol/acetone (3:1, v:v) and methanol/distilled water (3:1, v:v). In other analyses, GC-MS data revealed diverse metabolic and biologically active compounds, where those in high concentrations included 2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl- among the ketones; phenol- 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, a phenol group; and 2-Chlorooctane, a hydrocarbon. Among FA and their methyl/ethyl esters, n-hexadecanoic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid ethyl ester (arachidonic acid), and 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid methyl ester (EPA) were among the most abundant FAMEs accounting for approximately 50% of the subgroups measured. Data from GC-FID analysis revealed methyl laurate (C12:0), methyl myristate (C14:0), methyl palmitate (C16:0), and methyl stearate (18:0) methyl esters as the most abundant saturated FA, whereas cis-9-oleic methyl ester (C18:1) and methyl linoleate (C18:2) were found as the major monounsaturated FA and PUFA FAMEs, respectively, in the body wall of the species. Taken together, the extraction and characterization of different categories of metabolically and biologically active compounds in various organ extracts of H. leucospilota suggest that the species is potentially a rich source of cholesterol-lowering, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents. These substances are known to benefit human health and assist in disease prevention. These findings justify the use of sea cucumbers in traditional folklore medication and the current interest and attention focused on the species to mine for bioactives in new drugs research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulie Ceesay
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mariana Nor Shamsudin
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Aliyu-Paiko
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida (IBB) University, P. M. B. 11 Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farhan Nazarudin
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norfarrah Mohamed Alipiah
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Plattner H, Verkhratsky A. Inseparable tandem: evolution chooses ATP and Ca2+ to control life, death and cellular signalling. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0419. [PMID: 27377729 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
From the very dawn of biological evolution, ATP was selected as a multipurpose energy-storing molecule. Metabolism of ATP required intracellular free Ca(2+) to be set at exceedingly low concentrations, which in turn provided the background for the role of Ca(2+) as a universal signalling molecule. The early-eukaryote life forms also evolved functional compartmentalization and vesicle trafficking, which used Ca(2+) as a universal signalling ion; similarly, Ca(2+) is needed for regulation of ciliary and flagellar beat, amoeboid movement, intracellular transport, as well as of numerous metabolic processes. Thus, during evolution, exploitation of atmospheric oxygen and increasingly efficient ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation by bacterial endosymbionts were a first step for the emergence of complex eukaryotic cells. Simultaneously, Ca(2+) started to be exploited for short-range signalling, despite restrictions by the preset phosphate-based energy metabolism, when both phosphates and Ca(2+) interfere with each other because of the low solubility of calcium phosphates. The need to keep cytosolic Ca(2+) low forced cells to restrict Ca(2+) signals in space and time and to develop energetically favourable Ca(2+) signalling and Ca(2+) microdomains. These steps in tandem dominated further evolution. The ATP molecule (often released by Ca(2+)-regulated exocytosis) rapidly grew to be the universal chemical messenger for intercellular communication; ATP effects are mediated by an extended family of purinoceptors often linked to Ca(2+) signalling. Similar to atmospheric oxygen, Ca(2+) must have been reverted from a deleterious agent to a most useful (intra- and extracellular) signalling molecule. Invention of intracellular trafficking further increased the role for Ca(2+) homeostasis that became critical for regulation of cell survival and cell death. Several mutually interdependent effects of Ca(2+) and ATP have been exploited in evolution, thus turning an originally unholy alliance into a fascinating success story.This article is part of the themed issue 'Evolution brings Ca(2+) and ATP together to control life and death'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Plattner
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ruta LL, Popa CV, Nicolau I, Farcasanu IC. Calcium signaling and copper toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:24514-24526. [PMID: 27094270 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To respond to metal surpluses, cells have developed intricate ways of defense against the excessive metallic ions. To understand the ways in which cells sense the presence of toxic concentration in the environment, the role of Ca2+ in mediating the cell response to high Cu2+ was investigated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. It was found that the cell exposure to high Cu2+ was accompanied by elevations in cytosolic Ca2+ with patterns that were influenced not only by Cu2+ concentration but also by the oxidative state of the cell. When Ca2+ channel deletion mutants were used, it was revealed that the main contributor to the cytosolic Ca2+ pool under Cu2+ stress was the vacuolar Ca2+ channel, Yvc1, also activated by the Cch1-mediated Ca2+ influx. Using yeast mutants defective in the Cu2+ transport across the plasma membrane, it was found that the Cu2+-dependent Ca2+ elevation could correlate not only with the accumulated metal, but also with the overall oxidative status. Moreover, it was revealed that Cu2+ and H2O2 acted in synergy to induce Ca2+-mediated responses to external stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia L Ruta
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Sos. Panduri 90-92, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Claudia V Popa
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Sos. Panduri 90-92, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Nicolau
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Sos. Panduri 90-92, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana C Farcasanu
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Sos. Panduri 90-92, Bucharest, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ruta LL, Popa VC, Nicolau I, Danet AF, Iordache V, Neagoe AD, Farcasanu IC. Calcium signaling mediates the response to cadmium toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:3202-12. [PMID: 25017440 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of Ca(2+) in the response to high Mn(2+), Co(2+), Ni(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Cd(2+), and Hg(2+) was investigated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeast cells responded through a sharp increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) when exposed to Cd(2+), and to a lesser extent to Cu(2+), but not to Mn(2+), Co(2+), Ni(2+), Zn(2+), or Hg(2+). The response to high Cd(2+) depended mainly on external Ca(2+) (transported through the Cch1p/Mid1p channel) but also on vacuolar Ca(2+) (released into the cytosol through the Yvc1p channel). The adaptation to high Cd(2+) was influenced by perturbations in Ca(2+) homeostasis. Thus, the tolerance to Cd(2+) often correlated with sharp Cd(2+)-induced cytosolic Ca(2+) pulses, while the Cd(2+) sensitivity was accompanied by the incapacity to rapidly restore the low cytosolic Ca(2+).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia L Ruta
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Sos. Panduri 90-92, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentina C Popa
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Sos. Panduri 90-92, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Nicolau
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Sos. Panduri 90-92, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei F Danet
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Sos. Panduri 90-92, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Virgil Iordache
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Spl. Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurora D Neagoe
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Spl. Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana C Farcasanu
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Sos. Panduri 90-92, 050663 Bucharest, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Feeling the hidden mechanical forces in lipid bilayer is an original sense. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:7898-905. [PMID: 24850861 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1313364111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Life's origin entails enclosing a compartment to hoard material, energy, and information. The envelope necessarily comprises amphipaths, such as prebiotic fatty acids, to partition the two aqueous domains. The self-assembled lipid bilayer comes with a set of properties including its strong anisotropic internal forces that are chemically or physically malleable. Added bilayer stretch can alter force vectors on embedded proteins to effect conformational change. The force-from-lipid principle was demonstrated 25 y ago when stretches opened purified Escherichia coli MscL channels reconstituted into artificial bilayers. This reductionistic exercise has rigorously been recapitulated recently with two vertebrate mechanosensitive K(+) channels (TREK1 and TRAAK). Membrane stretches have also been known to activate various voltage-, ligand-, or Ca(2+)-gated channels. Careful analyses showed that Kv, the canonical voltage-gated channel, is in fact exquisitely sensitive even to very small tension. In an unexpected context, the canonical transient-receptor-potential channels in the Drosophila eye, long presumed to open by ligand binding, is apparently opened by membrane force due to PIP2 hydrolysis-induced changes in bilayer strain. Being the intimate medium, lipids govern membrane proteins by physics as well as chemistry. This principle should not be a surprise because it parallels water's paramount role in the structure and function of soluble proteins. Today, overt or covert mechanical forces govern cell biological processes and produce sensations. At the genesis, a bilayer's response to osmotic force is likely among the first senses to deal with the capricious primordial sea.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lima WC, Vinet A, Pieters J, Cosson P. Role of PKD2 in rheotaxis in Dictyostelium. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88682. [PMID: 24520414 PMCID: PMC3919814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensing of mechanical forces modulates several cellular responses as adhesion, migration and differentiation. Transient elevations of calcium concentration play a key role in the activation of cells following mechanical stress, but it is still unclear how eukaryotic cells convert a mechanical signal into an ion flux. In this study, we used the model organism Dictyostelium discoideum to assess systematically the role of individual calcium channels in mechanosensing. Our results indicate that PKD2 is the major player in the cell response to rheotaxis (i.e., shear-flow induced mechanical motility), while other putative calcium channels play at most minor roles. Mutant pkd2 KO cells lose the ability to orient relative to a shear flow, whereas their ability to move towards a chemoattractant is unaffected. PKD2 is also important for calcium-induced lysosome exocytosis: WT cells show a transient, 2-fold increase in lysosome secretion upon sudden exposure to high levels of extracellular calcium, but pkd2 KO cells do not. In Dictyostelium, PKD2 is specifically localized at the plasma membrane, where it may generate calcium influxes in response to mechanical stress or extracellular calcium changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa C. Lima
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Adrien Vinet
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean Pieters
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Cosson
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Marshall KL, Lumpkin EA. The molecular basis of mechanosensory transduction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 739:142-55. [PMID: 22399400 PMCID: PMC4060607 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-1704-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple senses, including hearing, touch and osmotic regulation, require the ability to convert force into an electrical signal: A process called mechanotransduction. Mechanotransduction occurs through specialized proteins that open an ion channel pore in response to a mechanical stimulus. Many of these proteins remain unidentified in vertebrates, but known mechanotransduction channels in lower organisms provide clues into their identity and mechanism. Bacteria, fruit flies and nematodes have all been used to elucidate the molecules necessary for force transduction. This chapter discusses many different mechanical senses and takes an evolutionary approach to review the proteins responsible for mechanotransduction in various biological kingdoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara L. Marshall
- Integrated Graduate Program in Cellular, Molecular, Structural and Genetic Studies, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Ellen A. Lumpkin
- Departments of Dermatology and Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pedersen SF, Kapus A, Hoffmann EK. Osmosensory mechanisms in cellular and systemic volume regulation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22:1587-97. [PMID: 21852585 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2010121284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations of cellular and systemic osmolarity severely challenge the function of all organisms and are consequently regulated very tightly. Here we outline current evidence on how cells sense volume perturbations, with particular focus on mechanisms relevant to the kidneys and to extracellular osmolarity and whole body volume homeostasis. There are a variety of molecular signals that respond to perturbations in cell volume and osmosensors or volume sensors responding to these signals. The early signals of volume perturbation include integrins, the cytoskeleton, receptor tyrosine kinases, and transient receptor potential channels. We also present current evidence on the localization and function of central and peripheral systemic osmosensors and conclude with a brief look at the still limited evidence on pathophysiological conditions associated with deranged sensing of cell volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stine Falsig Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Munaron L. Shuffling the cards in signal transduction: Calcium, arachidonic acid and mechanosensitivity. World J Biol Chem 2011; 2:59-66. [PMID: 21537474 PMCID: PMC3083947 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v2.i4.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell signaling is a very complex network of biochemical reactions triggered by a huge number of stimuli coming from the external medium. The function of any single signaling component depends not only on its own structure but also on its connections with other biomolecules. During prokaryotic-eukaryotic transition, the rearrangement of cell organization in terms of diffusional compartmentalization exerts a deep change in cell signaling functional potentiality. In this review I briefly introduce an intriguing ancient relationship between pathways involved in cell responses to chemical agonists (growth factors, nutrients, hormones) as well as to mechanical forces (stretch, osmotic changes). Some biomolecules (ion channels and enzymes) act as “hubs”, thanks to their ability to be directly or indirectly chemically/mechanically co-regulated. In particular calcium signaling machinery and arachidonic acid metabolism are very ancient networks, already present before eukaryotic appearance. A number of molecular “hubs”, including phospholipase A2 and some calcium channels, appear tightly interconnected in a cross regulation leading to the cellular response to chemical and mechanical stimulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Munaron
- Luca Munaron, Department of Animal and Human Biology, Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces Centre of Excellence, Center for Complex Systems in Molecular Biology and Medicine, University of Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) multigene superfamily encodes integral membrane proteins that function as ion channels. Members of this family are conserved in yeast, invertebrates and vertebrates. The TRP family is subdivided into seven subfamilies: TRPC (canonical), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPM (melastatin), TRPP (polycystin), TRPML (mucolipin), TRPA (ankyrin) and TRPN (NOMPC-like); the latter is found only in invertebrates and fish. TRP ion channels are widely expressed in many different tissues and cell types, where they are involved in diverse physiological processes, such as sensation of different stimuli or ion homeostasis. Most TRPs are non-selective cation channels, only few are highly Ca2+ selective, some are even permeable for highly hydrated Mg2+ ions. This channel family shows a variety of gating mechanisms, with modes of activation ranging from ligand binding, voltage and changes in temperature to covalent modifications of nucleophilic residues. Activated TRP channels cause depolarization of the cellular membrane, which in turn activates voltage-dependent ion channels, resulting in a change of intracellular Ca2+ concentration; they serve as gatekeeper for transcellular transport of several cations (such as Ca2+ and Mg2+), and are required for the function of intracellular organelles (such as endosomes and lysosomes). Because of their function as intracellular Ca2+ release channels, they have an important regulatory role in cellular organelles. Mutations in several TRP genes have been implicated in diverse pathological states, including neurodegenerative disorders, skeletal dysplasia, kidney disorders and pain, and ongoing research may help find new therapies for treatments of related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Nilius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Demarche S, Sugihara K, Zambelli T, Tiefenauer L, Vörös J. Techniques for recording reconstituted ion channels. Analyst 2011; 136:1077-89. [PMID: 21267480 DOI: 10.1039/c0an00828a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review describes and discusses techniques useful for monitoring the activity of protein ion channels in vitro. In the first section the biological importance and the classification of ion channels are outlined in order to justify the strong motivation for dealing with this important class of membrane proteins. The expression, reconstitution and integration of recombinant proteins into lipid bilayers are crucial steps to obtain consistent data when working with ion channels. In the second section recording techniques used in research are presented. Since this review focuses on analytical systems bearing reconstituted ion channels the industrial most important patch-clamp techniques of cells are only briefly mentioned. In section three, artificial systems developed in the last decades are described while the emerging technologies using nanostructured supports or microfluidic systems are presented in section four. Finally, the remaining challenges of membrane protein analysis and its potential applications are briefly outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Demarche
- Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Meacci E, Bini F, Sassoli C, Martinesi M, Squecco R, Chellini F, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Francini F, Formigli L. Functional interaction between TRPC1 channel and connexin-43 protein: a novel pathway underlying S1P action on skeletal myogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:4269-85. [PMID: 20614160 PMCID: PMC11115629 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that skeletal muscle differentiation induced by sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) requires gap junctions and transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) channels. Here, we searched for the signaling pathway linking the channel activity with Cx43 expression/function, investigating the involvement of the Ca(2+)-sensitive protease, m-calpain, and its targets in S1P-induced C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Gene silencing and pharmacological inhibition of TRPC1 significantly reduced Cx43 up-regulation and Cx43/cytoskeletal interaction elicited by S1P. TRPC1-dependent functions were also required for the transient increase of m-calpain activity/expression and the subsequent decrease of PKCα levels. Remarkably, Cx43 expression in S1P-treated myoblasts was reduced by m-calpain-siRNA and enhanced by pharmacological inhibition of classical PKCs, stressing the relevance for calpain/PKCα axis in Cx43 protein remodeling. The contribution of this pathway in myogenesis was also investigated. In conclusion, these findings provide novel mechanisms by which S1P regulates myoblast differentiation and offer interesting therapeutic options to improve skeletal muscle regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Meacci
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ching Kung
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia;
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sergei Sukharev
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gees M, Colsoul B, Nilius B. The role of transient receptor potential cation channels in Ca2+ signaling. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2010; 2:a003962. [PMID: 20861159 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a003962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The 28 mammalian members of the super-family of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are cation channels, mostly permeable to both monovalent and divalent cations, and can be subdivided into six main subfamilies: the TRPC (canonical), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPM (melastatin), TRPP (polycystin), TRPML (mucolipin), and the TRPA (ankyrin) groups. TRP channels are widely expressed in a large number of different tissues and cell types, and their biological roles appear to be equally diverse. In general, considered as polymodal cell sensors, they play a much more diverse role than anticipated. Functionally, TRP channels, when activated, cause cell depolarization, which may trigger a plethora of voltage-dependent ion channels. Upon stimulation, Ca2+ permeable TRP channels generate changes in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i, by Ca2+ entry via the plasma membrane. However, more and more evidence is arising that TRP channels are also located in intracellular organelles and serve as intracellular Ca2+ release channels. This review focuses on three major tasks of TRP channels: (1) the function of TRP channels as Ca2+ entry channels; (2) the electrogenic actions of TRPs; and (3) TRPs as Ca2+ release channels in intracellular organelles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Gees
- KU Leuven, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Laboratory Ion Channel Research, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, bus 802, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Loukin S, Zhou X, Su Z, Saimi Y, Kung C. Wild-type and brachyolmia-causing mutant TRPV4 channels respond directly to stretch force. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:27176-27181. [PMID: 20605796 PMCID: PMC2930716 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.143370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether animal ion channels functioning as mechanosensors are directly activated by stretch force or indirectly by ligands produced by the stretch is a crucial question. TRPV4, a key molecular model, can be activated by hypotonicity, but the mechanism of activation is unclear. One model has this channel being activated by a downstream product of phospholipase A(2), relegating mechanosensitivity to the enzymes or their regulators. We expressed rat TRPV4 in Xenopus oocytes and repeatedly examined >200 excised patches bathed in a simple buffer. We found that TRPV4 can be activated by tens of mm Hg pipette suctions with open probability rising with suction even in the presence of relevant enzyme inhibitors. Mechanosensitivity of TRPV4 provides the simplest explanation of its various force-related physiological roles, one of which is in the sensing of weight load during bone development. Gain-of-function mutants cause heritable skeletal dysplasias in human. We therefore examined the brachyolmia-causing R616Q gain-of-function channel and found increased whole-cell current densities compared with wild-type channels. Single-channel analysis revealed that R616Q channels maintain mechanosensitivity but have greater constitutive activity and no change in unitary conductance or rectification.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Diseases, Developmental/genetics
- Bone Diseases, Developmental/metabolism
- Bone Diseases, Developmental/pathology
- Bone Diseases, Developmental/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics
- Genetic Diseases, Inborn/metabolism
- Genetic Diseases, Inborn/pathology
- Genetic Diseases, Inborn/physiopathology
- Humans
- Mutation, Missense
- Oocytes
- Phospholipases A2/genetics
- Phospholipases A2/metabolism
- Rats
- TRPV Cation Channels/genetics
- TRPV Cation Channels/metabolism
- Weight-Bearing
- Xenopus
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Loukin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706.
| | - Xinliang Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Zhenwei Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Yoshiro Saimi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Ching Kung
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Popa CV, Dumitru I, Ruta LL, Danet AF, Farcasanu IC. Exogenous oxidative stress induces Ca2+ release in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS J 2010; 277:4027-38. [PMID: 20735472 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Ca(2+) -dependent response to oxidative stress caused by H(2)O(2) or tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBOOH) was investigated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing transgenic cytosolic aequorin, a Ca(2+) -dependent photoprotein. Both H(2)O(2) and tBOOH induced an immediate and short-duration cytosolic Ca(2+) increase that depended on the concentration of the stressors. Sublethal doses of H(2)O(2) induced Ca(2+) entry into the cytosol from both extracellular and vacuolar sources, whereas lethal H(2)O(2) shock mobilized predominantly the vacuolar Ca(2+). Sublethal and lethal tBOOH shocks induced mainly the influx of external Ca(2+), accompanied by a more modest vacuolar contribution. Ca(2+) transport across the plasma membrane did not necessarily involve the activity of the Cch1p/Mid1p channel, whereas the release of vacuolar Ca(2+) into the cytosol required the vacuolar channel Yvc1p. In mutants lacking the Ca(2+) transporters, H(2)O(2) or tBOOH sensitivity correlated with cytosolic Ca(2+) overload. Thus, it appears that under H(2)O(2)-induced or tBOOH-induced oxidative stress, Ca(2+) mediates the cytotoxic effect of the stressors and not the adaptation process.
Collapse
|
19
|
Balleza D, Quinto C, Elias D, Gómez-Lagunas F. A high-conductance cation channel from the inner membrane of the free-living soil bacteria Rhizobium etli. Arch Microbiol 2010; 192:595-602. [PMID: 20502878 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-010-0587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this communication we reported the study of a cation channel present in the cytoplasmic membrane of the nitrogen fixing bacterium Rhizobium etli. Inner-membrane (IM) vesicles were purified and fused into planar lipid bilayers (PLBs), under voltage clamp conditions. We have found that fusion of IM-enriched vesicle fractions with these model membranes leads, mainly (>30% of 46 experiments), to the reconstitution of high-conductance channels. Following this strategy, the activity of a channel with main open conductance of 198 pS, in symmetrical 100 mM KCl, was recorded. The single-channel conductance increase to 653 pS in the presence of a 5:1 (cis to trans) gradient of KCl. The channel exhibits voltage dependency and a weak selectivity for cations showing a permeability ratios of P (Rb)/P (K) = 0.96, P (Na)/P (K) = 0.07, and a conductance ratio of gamma(Rb)/gamma(K) = 1.1. The channel here characterized represents a previously undescribed Rhizobium channel although its precise role in rhizobial physiology remains yet to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Balleza
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Ap. Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|