1
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Jung DM, Lee S, Kim EM, Choi CW, Kim KK. Mangiferin, a component of Mangifera indica leaf extracts, inhibits lipid synthesis in human sebocytes. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38952150 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2369279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition of lipid synthesis in sebocytes is essential for acne treatments. The effects of natural product-derived substances on lipid synthesis are unknown. This study investigated the effects of water extract of Mangifera indica leaves (WEML) on lipid synthesis in human sebocytes. Sebocyte differentiation in low serum conditions increased lipid accumulation and proliferator-activated receptor γ expression. WEML treatment significantly inhibited lipid accumulation and adipogenic mRNA expression in sebocytes. Mangiferin, a bioactive compound in WEML, also reduced lipid accumulation and adipogenic mRNA expression via the AKT pathway. Thus, WEML and mangiferin effectively inhibit lipid synthesis in sebocytes, showing promise for acne treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Min Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsoo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Bio and Environmental Technology, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Won Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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2
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Lin FJ, Huang YH, Tsao CH, Hsieh WC, Lo YH, Zouboulis CC, Chen HL, Liu FT. Galectin-12 Regulates Immune Responses in the Skin through Sebaceous Glands. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2120-2131.e7. [PMID: 37207806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.03.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sebaceous glands (SGs) are holocrine glands that produce sebum, which primarily contains lipids that help to maintain the barrier function of the skin. Dysregulated lipid production contributes to the progression of some diseases characterized by dry skin, including atopic dermatitis. Although the lipid production of SGs has been well-studied, few studies have assessed their role in skin immune responses. We found that SGs and sebocytes expressed IL-4 receptor and produced high levels of T helper 2-associated inflammatory mediators after IL-4 treatment, suggesting immunomodulatory effects. Galectin-12 is a lipogenic factor expressed in sebocytes that affects their differentiation and proliferation. Using galectin-12-knockdown sebocytes, we showed that galectin-12 regulated the immune response in cells exposed to IL-4 and promoted CCL26 expression by upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Moreover, galectin-12 suppressed the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-response molecules, and CCL26 upregulation by IL-4 was reversed after sebocyte treatment with inducers of endoplasmic reticulum stress, suggesting that galectin-12 controls IL-4 signaling by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Using galectin-12-knockout mice, we showed that galectin-12 positively regulated the IL-4-induced enlargement of SGs and the development of an atopic dermatitis-like phenotype. Thus, galectin-12 regulates the skin immune response by promoting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ expression and suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress in SGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Han Tsao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, Jointly Offered by Kaohsiung Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hsin Lo
- Department of Dermatology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Hung-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
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3
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Tang T, Wei Y, Jia H, Wang L, Xu Y, Zhang P. 3D artificial sebocyte glands from inertial focusing effect for facile and flexible analysis of light damage and drug screening. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2200634. [PMID: 37191095 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The sebaceous gland is a neuro-immuno-endocrine organ responsible for maintaining regular skin functions. Overdose exposure of UV and visible light (e.g., blue light) can cause sebocyte gland function disorders or even different diseases (e.g., chronic actinic dermatitis). Studying the mechanism of light-induced damage in sebaceous glands has been challenging, since ex vivo culture of sebaceous glands is difficult due to its short life in culture medium. To address this issue, a versatile 3D artificial sebocyte gland model was established using the inertial focusing effect for studying the impact of light damage and screening potential drugs. The artificial sebocyte gland exhibited specific biological function and structure similar to natural sebocyte glands. Using this artificial sebocyte gland, the interactions between the artificial organ and blue light or UV were studied. The results indicated that UV and blue light upregulated lipid secretion and downregulated cell viability within the sebocytes. Light damage intensified oxidative stress and promoted pro-inflammation cytokines (i.e., IL-1β and TNF-α) production in the artificial sebocytes. Additionally, the therapeutic effects of cannabidiol, a clinically tested drug for treating acne, was also indicated on restoring light damaged sebaceous gland functions. These results indicate that the 3D artificial sebocyte gland could be a versatile, fast, and low-cost platform for skincare studies or drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Tang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanran Wei
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxing Jia
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Lelin Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Center of Soft Matter Physics and Its Applications, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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4
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Cannabinoid Compounds as a Pharmacotherapeutic Option for the Treatment of Non-Cancer Skin Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244102. [PMID: 36552866 PMCID: PMC9777118 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system has been shown to be involved in various skin functions, such as melanogenesis and the maintenance of redox balance in skin cells exposed to UV radiation, as well as barrier functions, sebaceous gland activity, wound healing and the skin's immune response. In addition to the potential use of cannabinoids in the treatment and prevention of skin cancer, cannabinoid compounds and derivatives are of interest as potential systemic and topical applications for the treatment of various inflammatory, fibrotic and pruritic skin conditions. In this context, cannabinoid compounds have been successfully tested as a therapeutic option for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia, atopic and seborrhoeic dermatitis, dermatomyositis, asteatotic and atopic eczema, uraemic pruritis, scalp psoriasis, systemic sclerosis and venous leg ulcers. This review provides an insight into the current literature on cannabinoid compounds as potential medicines for the treatment of skin diseases.
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5
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Ádám D, Arany J, Tóth KF, Tóth BI, Szöllősi AG, Oláh A. Opioidergic Signaling-A Neglected, Yet Potentially Important Player in Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4140. [PMID: 35456955 PMCID: PMC9027603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases, the prevalence of which is especially high among children. Although our understanding about its pathogenesis has substantially grown in recent years, and hence, several novel therapeutic targets have been successfully exploited in the management of the disease, we still lack curative treatments for it. Thus, there is an unmet societal demand to identify further details of its pathogenesis to thereby pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches with favorable side effect profiles. It is commonly accepted that dysfunction of the complex cutaneous barrier plays a central role in the development of AD; therefore, the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of this quite complex process are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and can provide novel, promising, yet unexplored therapeutic targets. Thus, in the current review, we aim to summarize the available potentially AD-relevant data regarding one such signaling pathway, namely cutaneous opioidergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Ádám
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.Á.); (J.A.); (K.F.T.); (B.I.T.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Arany
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.Á.); (J.A.); (K.F.T.); (B.I.T.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kinga Fanni Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.Á.); (J.A.); (K.F.T.); (B.I.T.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs István Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.Á.); (J.A.); (K.F.T.); (B.I.T.)
| | - Attila Gábor Szöllősi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.Á.); (J.A.); (K.F.T.); (B.I.T.)
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6
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Flori E, Mastrofrancesco A, Mosca S, Ottaviani M, Briganti S, Cardinali G, Filoni A, Cameli N, Zaccarini M, Zouboulis CC, Picardo M. Sebocytes contribute to melasma onset. iScience 2022; 25:103871. [PMID: 35252805 PMCID: PMC8891974 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melasma is a hyperpigmentary disorder with photoaging features, whose manifestations appear on specific face areas, rich in sebaceous glands (SGs). To explore the SGs possible contribution to the onset, the expression of pro-melanogenic and inflammatory factors from the SZ95 SG cell line exposed to single or repetitive ultraviolet (UVA) radiation was evaluated. UVA up-modulated the long-lasting production of α-MSH, EDN1, b-FGF, SCF, inflammatory cytokines and mediators. Irradiated SZ95 sebocyte conditioned media increased pigmentation in melanocytes and the expression of senescence markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors regulating melanogenesis in fibroblasts cultures. Cocultures experiments with skin explants confirmed the role of sebocytes on melanogenesis promotion. The analysis on sebum collected from melasma patients demonstrated that in vivo sebocytes from lesional areas express the UVA-activated pathways markers observed in vitro. Our results indicate sebocytes as one of the actors in melasma pathogenesis, inducing prolonged skin cell stimulation, contributing to localized dermal aging and hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Flori
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah Mosca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Ottaviani
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Briganti
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cardinali
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Filoni
- Dermatology Department, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Norma Cameli
- Dermatology Department, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Zaccarini
- Genetic Research, Molecular Biology and Dermatopathology Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodore Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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7
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Gu H, An HJ, Gwon MG, Bae S, Leem J, Lee SJ, Han SM, Zouboulis CC, Park KK. Bee Venom and Its Major Component Melittin Attenuated Cutibacterium acnes- and IGF-1-Induced Acne Vulgaris via Inactivation of Akt/mTOR/SREBP Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063152. [PMID: 35328573 PMCID: PMC8953527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is the most common disease of the pilosebaceous unit. The pathogenesis of this disease is complex, involving increased sebum production and perifollicular inflammation. Understanding the factors that regulate sebum production is important in identifying novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of acne. Bee Venom (BV) and melittin have multiple effects including antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities in various cell types. However, the anti-lipogenic mechanisms of BV and melittin have not been elucidated. We investigated the effects of BV and melittin in models of Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) or Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes)-induced lipogenic skin disease. C. acnes or IGF-1 increased the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), transcription factors that regulate numerous genes involved in lipid biosynthesis through the protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/SREBP signaling pathway. In this study using a C. acnes or IGF-1 stimulated lipogenic disease model, BV and melittin inhibited the increased expression of lipogenic and pro-inflammatory factor through the blockade of the Akt/mTOR/SREBP signaling pathway. This study suggests for the first time that BV and melittin could be developed as potential natural anti-acne agents with anti-lipogenesis, anti-inflammatory, and anti-C. acnes activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Gu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 42472, Korea; (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Hyun-Jin An
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 42472, Korea; (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Mi-Gyeong Gwon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 42472, Korea; (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Seongjae Bae
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 42472, Korea; (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 42472, Korea;
| | - Sun-Jae Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 42472, Korea; (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Sang-Mi Han
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju 54875, Korea;
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Auenweg 38, 06847 Dessau, Germany;
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 42472, Korea; (H.G.); (H.-J.A.); (M.-G.G.); (S.B.); (S.-J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-650-4149
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8
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Carmina E, Dreno B, Lucky WA, Agak WG, Dokras A, Kim JJ, Lobo RA, Ramezani Tehrani F, Dumesic D. Female Adult Acne and Androgen Excess: A Report From the Multidisciplinary Androgen Excess and PCOS Committee. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac003. [PMID: 35155970 PMCID: PMC8826298 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In endocrine and reproductive endocrine literature, adult female acne is considered as a possible clinical expression of hyperandrogenism, with most polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) guidelines considering acne as a condition of androgen excess. Adult female acne, however, in the dermatological literature is considered as an inflammatory skin disease and new guidelines on adult female acne have been produced by dermatological societies, with little perspective from any endocrine or reproductive endocrine points of view. An expert task force was appointed by the AE-PCOS society to determine the current state of knowledge and provide evidence-based recommendations that could be valid for all specialists taking care of female adult acne. The following are the recommendations (level of evidence A or B): (1) diagnosis of female adult acne is mainly clinical, but a grading tool is needed for optimizing the treatment; (2) measurement of serum androgen values (total testosterone, free testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) by high-quality assays is recommended in all women with adult acne; (3) in women with adult acne and proven hyperandrogenism, oral combined estroprogestins should be added to the topical or systemic treatment of acne, independently of severity of acne; (4) all second- and third-generation estroprogestins may be used, independently of the estrogen dose and progestin component; (5) spironolactone may be added to estroprogestins in women with moderate or severe hyperandrogenic adult acne, not responding to usual treatments; (6) estroprogestins may be used in nonhyperandrogenic patients with adult acne as second-line therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Carmina
- Endocrinology Unit, University of Palermo Medical School, Palermo, 90139, Italy,Correspondence: Enrico Carmina, MD, Endocrinology Unit, University of Palermo Medical School, via delle Croci 47, Palermo, 90139, Italy.
| | - Brigitte Dreno
- Department of Dermatology, University of Nantes Medical School, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - W Anne Lucky
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - W George Agak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90035, USA
| | - Anuja Dokras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jin Ju Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital and The Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Rogerio A Lobo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR 1985717413, Iran
| | - Daniel Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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9
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Shin HS, Lee Y, Shin MH, Cho SI, Zouboulis CC, Kim MK, Lee DH, Chung JH. Histone Deacetylase 1 Reduces Lipogenesis by Suppressing SREBP1 Transcription in Human Sebocyte Cell Line SZ95. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094477. [PMID: 33922983 PMCID: PMC8123291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of sebum production is important for maintaining skin homeostasis in humans. However, little is known about the role of epigenetic regulation in sebocyte lipogenesis. We investigated histone acetylation changes and their role in key lipogenic gene regulation during sebocyte lipogenesis using the human sebaceous gland cell line SZ95. Sebocyte lipogenesis is associated with a significant increase in histone acetylation. Treatment with anacardic acid (AA), a p300 histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, significantly decreased the lipid droplet number and the expression of key lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). In contrast, treatment with trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, increased the expression of these genes. Global HDAC enzyme activity was decreased, and HDAC1 and HDAC2 expression was downregulated during sebaceous lipogenesis. Interestingly, HDAC1 knockdown increased lipogenesis through SREBP1 induction, whereas HDAC1 overexpression decreased lipogenesis and significantly suppressed SREBP1 promoter activity. HDAC1 and SREBP1 levels were inversely correlated in human skin sebaceous glands as demonstrated in immunofluorescence images. In conclusion, HDAC1 plays a critical role in reducing SREBP1 transcription, leading to decreased sebaceous lipogenesis. Therefore, HDAC1 activation could be an effective therapeutic strategy for skin diseases related to excessive sebum production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.S.S.); (Y.L.); (M.H.S.); (S.I.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yuri Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.S.S.); (Y.L.); (M.H.S.); (S.I.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Mi Hee Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.S.S.); (Y.L.); (M.H.S.); (S.I.C.)
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Soo Ick Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.S.S.); (Y.L.); (M.H.S.); (S.I.C.)
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Dessau Medical Center, Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 06847 Dessau, Germany;
| | - Min Kyoung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.S.S.); (Y.L.); (M.H.S.); (S.I.C.)
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-K.K.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.S.S.); (Y.L.); (M.H.S.); (S.I.C.)
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-K.K.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.S.S.); (Y.L.); (M.H.S.); (S.I.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-K.K.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
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10
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Geueke A, Niemann C. Stem and progenitor cells in sebaceous gland development, homeostasis and pathologies. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:588-597. [PMID: 33599012 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sebaceous glands (SGs), typically associated with hair follicles, are critical for the homeostasis and function of mammalian skin. The main physiological function of SGs is the production and holocrine secretion of sebum to lubricate and protect the skin. Defective SGs have been linked to a variety of skin disorders, including acne, seborrheic dermatitis and formation of sebaceous tumors. Thus, a better understanding how SGs are formed and maintained is important to unravel the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of SG pathologies and to find better and effective therapies. Over the last two decades, research has come a long way from the initial identification of skin epithelial stem cells to the isolation and functional characterization of multiple stem cell pools as well as a better understanding of their unique and complex activities that drive skin homeostasis and operate in skin pathologies. Here, we discuss recent progress in unravelling cellular mechanisms underlying SG development, homeostasis and sebaceous tumor formation and assess the role of stem and progenitor cells in controlling SG physiology and disease processes. The development of elegant in vivo imaging as well as various in vitro and ex vivo stem cell and SG tissue models will advance mechanistic studies on SG function and allow drug screening and testing for efficient and successful targeting SG pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Geueke
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC Research Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Catherin Niemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC Research Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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11
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Aydingoz IE, Tukenmez Demirci G, Agirbasli D, Oz-Arslan D, Yenmis G. The investigation of the amounts and expressions of epidermal growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, and epidermal growth factor receptor gene polymorphisms in acne vulgaris. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:346-351. [PMID: 32421896 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRI) used in cancer chemotherapy cause acneiform folliculitis in 70%-100% of patients in a dose-dependent manner. Acneiform folliculitis is considered to be caused by an inflammatory process due to follicular hyperkeratosis and subsequently a set of changes both in epidermis and hair follicles as a result of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) blockade. Both acne vulgaris and acneiform folliculitis due to EGFRIs show similar changes in the pilosebaceous unit. Furthermore, in both groups of patients, topical application of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been reported to improve the disease. AIMS In this study, it was aimed to investigate the role of EGF and EGFR amount, expression, and EGFR gene polymorphisms in the etiopathogenesis of acne vulgaris. PATIENTS/METHODS 156 acne vulgaris patients, within 18-25 years of age, who had 15 or more inflammatory acne lesions on dermatologic evaluation were included in this study. The absence of any known systemic or genetic disease or cancer and any systemic or topical treatment for the last 1 month were prerequisites. In the control group, 154 volunteers in the same age range who were examined at the outpatient clinic with diagnoses of melanocytic nevus, ephelid, cherry angioma, and callus and who had no more than 3 inflammatory acne lesions were recruited. The amounts of EGF and EGFR were determined by sandwich ELISA, expressions of EGF and EGFR by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; EGFR polymorphisms were examined by restriction enzyme digestion, Sanger, and high-resolution melting methods. RESULTS The patient and control groups were compared in terms of EGFR gene polymorphisms in addition to the amount and expressions of EGF and EGFR. The amount of EGF in the serum was found to be significantly higher in the acne group. (P = .0012). There was no significant difference in other parameters studied. CONCLUSION The results of our study showed a significant increase in the amount of EGF in the acne group. Though EGF may be incriminated in the etiopathogenesis of AV, the most likely explanation about its role may be controlling inflammation from the very first stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikbal Esen Aydingoz
- Department of Dermatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulsen Tukenmez Demirci
- Department of Dermatology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Agirbasli
- Department of Medical Biology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Devrim Oz-Arslan
- Department of Biophysics, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guven Yenmis
- Labgen Genetic Diagnostic Center, Acibadem Healthcare Services, Footnote: Biruni University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Sato T, Shibata F, Koiwai T, Akimoto N. Different regulation of lipogenesis in sebocytes and subcutaneous preadipocytes in hamsters in vitro. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 22:100761. [PMID: 32300663 PMCID: PMC7152706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sebaceous gland cells (sebocytes) differentiate to intracellularly accumulate lipid droplets – a phenomenon similar to that found in adipocytes. In the present study, we examined whether the regulation of lipogenesis in sebocytes is the same as that in preadipocytes. When sebocytes and preadipocytes, prepared from auricle and subcutaneous adipose tissues from the inguinal region of hamsters, respectively, were treated with a common differentiation inducer, insulin, intracellular lipid-droplet formation and triacyglycerol (TG) production were dose- and time-dependently augmented in both. Insulin increased the production of perilipin, a differentiation marker in both sebocytes and adipocytes. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) augmented the intracellular level of TG in sebocytes and preadipocytes. In addition, the action of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH2)D3] on TG production was the opposite between sebocytes and preadipocytes. Furthermore, 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) augmented the TG level in sebocytes, whereas it did not alter TG production in preadipocytes. Moreover, insulin-augmented TG production in sebocytes was enhanced by IGF-1 and 5α-DHT, while diminished by 1,25(OH2)D3. In preadipocytes, the insulin-augmented production of TG was decreased by IGF-1, 1,25(OH2)D3, and 5α-DHT. These results suggest that sebocytic lipogenesis is partially similar to but substantially different from adipocyte lipogenesis due to the forementioned hormones and growth factors in the skin under physiological conditions. Insulin and IGF-1 augmented lipogenesis and perilipin production in hamster preadipocytes and sebocytes. The action of 1,25(OH2)D3 and 5a-DHT on lipogenesis differed between sebocytes and preadipocytes Insulin-augmented sebaceous lipogenesis was enhanced by IGF-1 and 5α-DHT, while diminished by 1,25(OH2)D3. In preadipocytes, the insulin-augmented lipogenesis was decreased by IGF-1, 1,25(OH2)D3, and 5α-DHT. Sebocytic lipogenesis is partially similar to but substantially different from adipocyte lipogenesis.
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Key Words
- 1,25(OH)2D3, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
- 5α-DHT, 5α-dihydrotestosterone
- DMEM/F12, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/Ham's F12 medium
- Dex, dexamethasone
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- IBMX, 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1
- Lipid-droplet formation
- Lipogenesis
- PG, prostaglandin
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferation-activating receptor
- Preadipocytes
- Sebocytes
- TG, triacylglycerol
- Triacyglycerol
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sato
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Fusatoshi Shibata
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Koiwai
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Noriko Akimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
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13
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Ottaviani M, Flori E, Mastrofrancesco A, Briganti S, Lora V, Capitanio B, Zouboulis C, Picardo M. Sebocyte differentiation as a new target for acne therapy: an
in vivo
experience. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:1803-1814. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ottaviani
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - E. Flori
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - A. Mastrofrancesco
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - S. Briganti
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - V. Lora
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
- Pediatric Dermatology San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - B. Capitanio
- Pediatric Dermatology San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - C.C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology Dessau Medical Center Brandenburg Medical School Thedore Fontane Dessau Germany
| | - M. Picardo
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
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14
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Markovics A, Angyal Á, Tóth KF, Ádám D, Pénzes Z, Magi J, Pór Á, Kovács I, Törőcsik D, Zouboulis CC, Bíró T, Oláh A. GPR119 Is a Potent Regulator of Human Sebocyte Biology. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:1909-1918.e8. [PMID: 32142797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We have shown previously that endocannabinoids promote sebaceous lipogenesis, and sebocytes are involved in the metabolism of the endocannabinoid-like substance oleoylethanolamide (OEA). OEA is an endogenous activator of GPR119, a recently deorphanized receptor, which currently is being investigated as a promising antidiabetic drug target. In this study, we investigated the effects of OEA as well as the expression and role of GPR119 in human sebocytes. We found that OEA promoted differentiation of human SZ95 sebocytes (elevated lipogenesis, enhanced granulation, and the induction of early apoptotic events), and it switched the cells to a proinflammatory phenotype (increased expression and release of several proinflammatory cytokines). Moreover, we could also demonstrate that GPR119 was expressed in human sebocytes, and its small interfering RNA-mediated gene silencing suppressed OEA-induced sebaceous lipogenesis, which was mediated via c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, protein kinase B, and CRE-binding protein activation. Finally, our pilot data demonstrated that GPR119 was downregulated in the sebaceous glands of patients with acne, arguing that GPR119 signaling may indeed be disturbed in acne. Collectively, our findings introduce the OEA/GPR119 signaling as a positive regulator of sebocyte differentiation and highlight the possibility that dysregulation of this pathway may contribute to the development of seborrhea and acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Markovics
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Angyal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kinga Fanni Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Ádám
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Pénzes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Magi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Pór
- Department of Pathology, Gyula Kenézy University Hospital, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovács
- Department of Pathology, Gyula Kenézy University Hospital, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Törőcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - Tamás Bíró
- DE-MTA Lendület Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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15
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Akalu Y, Molla MD, Dessie G, Ayelign B. Physiological Effect of Ghrelin on Body Systems. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:1385138. [PMID: 32565790 PMCID: PMC7267865 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1385138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is a relatively novel multifaceted hormone that has been found to exert a plethora of physiological effects. In this review, we found/confirmed that ghrelin has effect on all body systems. It induces appetite; promotes the use of carbohydrates as a source of fuel while sparing fat; inhibits lipid oxidation and promotes lipogenesis; stimulates the gastric acid secretion and motility; improves cardiac performance; decreases blood pressure; and protects the kidneys, heart, and brain. Ghrelin is important for learning, memory, cognition, reward, sleep, taste sensation, olfaction, and sniffing. It has sympatholytic, analgesic, antimicrobial, antifibrotic, and osteogenic effects. Moreover, ghrelin makes the skeletal muscle more excitable and stimulates its regeneration following injury; delays puberty; promotes fetal lung development; decreases thyroid hormone and testosterone; stimulates release of growth hormone, prolactin, glucagon, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, vasopressin, and oxytocin; inhibits insulin release; and promotes wound healing. Ghrelin protects the body by different mechanisms including inhibition of unwanted inflammation and induction of autophagy. Having a clear understanding of the ghrelin effect in each system has therapeutic implications. Future studies are necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ghrelin actions as well as its application as a GHSR agonist to treat most common diseases in each system without any paradoxical outcomes on the other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Akalu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Derbew Molla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Dessie
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Ayelign
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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16
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Wang C, Hwang YL, Li XM, Kim SJ, Zhu MJ, Lee JH, Jiang RH, Kim CD. Inhibition of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1-Induced Sebum Production by Bilobetin in Cultured Human Sebocytes. Ann Dermatol 2019; 31:294-299. [PMID: 33911594 PMCID: PMC7992725 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2019.31.3.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sebocytes are the major cells of sebaceous gland. The essential role of sebocytes is the production of sebum, a specific lipid mixture, that covers the body surface and provides the barrier function. At puberty, sebum production increases under the effects of various stimuli including androgens and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Excessive sebum production changes the microenvironment surrounding hair follicle, often leading to the onset of acne. Objective We previously performed screening test using cultured human sebocytes, and found that bilobetin had a potential for inhibiting lipid production. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effects of bilobetin on IGF-1–induced lipogenesis in sebocytes. Methods We pretreated simian virus 40 T (SV40T)-transformed sebocytes with bilobetin then stimulated with IGF-1. Effects of bilobetin on lipogenesis of sebocytes were examined by thin layer chromatography and Western blot. Results Bilobetin markedly inhibited IGF-1–induced lipid production in sebocytes, especially in terms of production of squalene and wax ester. Supporting these results, bilobetin showed significant inhibitory effect on squalene synthase promoter activity. In addition, bilobetin significantly down-regulated lipogenic transcription factors such as sterol response element binding protein (SREBP)-1 and SREBP-2. To delineate the possible action mechanism, we investigated the effect of bilobetin on intracellular signaling. As a result, bilobetin inhibited IGF-1–induced phosphorylation of AKT. Conclusion Together, these results suggest that bilobetin has an inhibitory potential on sebum production in sebocytes, being applicable for acne treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yul-Lye Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Xue Mei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ming Ji Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jeung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,Skin Med Company, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ri-Hua Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Deok Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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17
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Cao L, Chen L, Li H, Wei Z, Xie S, Zhang M, Lin Y, Huang H. Differential antigen expression between human eccrine sweat glands and hair follicles/pilosebaceous units. J Mol Histol 2019; 50:335-342. [PMID: 31062203 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-019-09830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Tóth KF, Ádám D, Bíró T, Oláh A. Cannabinoid Signaling in the Skin: Therapeutic Potential of the "C(ut)annabinoid" System. Molecules 2019; 24:E918. [PMID: 30845666 PMCID: PMC6429381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has lately been proven to be an important, multifaceted homeostatic regulator, which influences a wide-variety of physiological processes all over the body. Its members, the endocannabinoids (eCBs; e.g., anandamide), the eCB-responsive receptors (e.g., CB₁, CB₂), as well as the complex enzyme and transporter apparatus involved in the metabolism of the ligands were shown to be expressed in several tissues, including the skin. Although the best studied functions over the ECS are related to the central nervous system and to immune processes, experimental efforts over the last two decades have unambiguously confirmed that cutaneous cannabinoid ("c[ut]annabinoid") signaling is deeply involved in the maintenance of skin homeostasis, barrier formation and regeneration, and its dysregulation was implicated to contribute to several highly prevalent diseases and disorders, e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, scleroderma, acne, hair growth and pigmentation disorders, keratin diseases, various tumors, and itch. The current review aims to give an overview of the available skin-relevant endo- and phytocannabinoid literature with a special emphasis on the putative translational potential, and to highlight promising future research directions as well as existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Fanni Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Dorottya Ádám
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- HCEMM Nonprofit Ltd., 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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19
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Chen KC, Yang CH, Li TT, Zouboulis CC, Huang YC. Suppression of Propionibacterium acnes-stimulated proinflammatory cytokines by Chinese bayberry extracts and its active constituent myricetin in human sebocytes in vitro. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1104-1113. [PMID: 30734961 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc. (Myricaceae), known as Chinese bayberry, is traditionally used as folk medicine in Asian countries. The interaction of Propionibacterium acnes signalling with sebocytes is considered important in the pathogenesis of acne. In the present study, extracts and active compounds of Chinese bayberry were used to determine chemical antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects in P. acnes-stimulated human SZ95 sebocytes. A high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection system was used to analyse the phenolic composition of bayberry extracts. Accordingly, the flavonols, myricitrin and myricetin, were found to be abundant in the unhydrolysed and hydrolysed extracts of Chinese bayberry fruits, respectively. The anthocyanin cyanidin-3-glucoside was also predominantly found in the unhydrolysed extracts. Quantification of human inflammatory cytokines indicated that cell-free extracts of P. acnes stimulated IL-8 and IL-6 production, which was inhibited by myricetin, rather than its glycoside or anthocyanin. Myricetin also exhibited inhibitory effects in P. acnes-stimulated gene expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and protein phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase. In conclusion, myricetin shows a suppressive effect on P. acnes-induced cytokine production through regulation of the TLR and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. Myricetin goes beyond previous research findings to potentially modulate inflammatory signalling in human sebocytes. These results will be valuable in developing anti-inflammatory agents against skin acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chun Chen
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsun Yang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - Yu-Chun Huang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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20
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Szántó M, Oláh A, Szöllősi AG, Tóth KF, Páyer E, Czakó N, Pór Á, Kovács I, Zouboulis CC, Kemény L, Bíró T, Tóth BI. Activation of TRPV3 Inhibits Lipogenesis and Stimulates Production of Inflammatory Mediators in Human Sebocytes-A Putative Contributor to Dry Skin Dermatoses. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:250-253. [PMID: 30077723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdolna Szántó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Gábor Szöllősi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kinga Fanni Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Edit Páyer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nóra Czakó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Pór
- Department of Pathology, Gyula Kenézy Hospital, Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovács
- Department of Pathology, Gyula Kenézy Hospital, Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Deparments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Theodore Fontane Medical University of Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs István Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Schneider MR, Zouboulis CC. Primary sebocytes and sebaceous gland cell lines for studying sebaceous lipogenesis and sebaceous gland diseases. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:484-488. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marlon R. Schneider
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR); German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R); Berlin Germany
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology; Dessau Medical Center; Brandenburg Medical School Theodore Fontane; Dessau Germany
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22
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Differentiation Model Establishment and Differentiation-Related Protein Screening in Primary Cultured Human Sebocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7174561. [PMID: 29850553 PMCID: PMC5907408 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7174561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sebocyte differentiation is a continuous process, but its potential molecular mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to establish a novel sebocyte differentiation model using human primary sebocytes and to identify the expression profiles of differentiation-associated proteins. Primary human sebocytes were cultured on Sebomed medium supplemented with 2% serum for 7 days. Flow cytometry showed that S phase cells were decreased time-dependently, while G1 and subG1 (apoptosis) phase cells increased under serum starvation. Transmission electron microscopy and Oil Red O staining revealed a gradual increase of intracellular lipid accumulation. Expression of proliferation marker was diminished, while expression of differentiation, apoptosis, and lipogenic markers elevated gradually during 7-day culture. iTRAQ analysis identified 3582 expressed proteins in this differentiation model. Compared with day 0, number of differentially expressed proteins was 132, 54, 321, and 96 at days 1, 3, 5, and 7, respectively. Two overexpressed proteins (S100 calcium binding protein P and ferredoxin reductase) and 2 downexpressed proteins (adenosine deaminase and keratin 10) were further confirmed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.
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23
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Zákány N, Oláh A, Markovics A, Takács E, Aranyász A, Nicolussi S, Piscitelli F, Allarà M, Pór Á, Kovács I, Zouboulis CC, Gertsch J, Di Marzo V, Bíró T, Szabó T. Endocannabinoid Tone Regulates Human Sebocyte Biology. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1699-1706. [PMID: 29501385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that endocannabinoids (eCBs) (e.g., anandamide) are involved in the maintenance of homeostatic sebaceous lipid production in human sebaceous glands and that eCB treatment dramatically increases sebaceous lipid production. Here, we aimed to investigate the expression of the major eCB synthesizing and degrading enzymes and to study the effects of eCB uptake inhibitors on human SZ95 sebocytes, thus exploring the role of the putative eCB membrane transporter, which has been hypothesized to facilitate the cellular uptake and subsequent degradation of eCBs. We found that the major eCB synthesizing (N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D, and diacylglycerol lipase-α and -β) and degrading (fatty acid amide hydrolase, monoacylglycerol lipase) enzymes are expressed in SZ95 sebocytes and also in sebaceous glands (except for diacylglycerol lipase-α, the staining of which was dubious in histological preparations). eCB uptake-inhibition with VDM11 induced a moderate increase in sebaceous lipid production and also elevated the levels of various eCBs and related acylethanolamides. Finally, we found that VDM11 was able to interfere with the proinflammatory action of the TLR4 activator lipopolysaccharide. Collectively, our data suggest that inhibition of eCB uptake exerts anti-inflammatory actions and elevates both sebaceous lipid production and eCB levels; thus, these inhibitors might be beneficial in cutaneous inflammatory conditions accompanied by dry skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Zákány
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Arnold Markovics
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erika Takács
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Aranyász
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Simon Nicolussi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Centre of Competence in Research TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Marco Allarà
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Ágnes Pór
- Department of Pathology, Gyula Kenézy University Hospital, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovács
- Department of Pathology, Gyula Kenézy University Hospital, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodore Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Centre of Competence in Research TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Szabó
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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24
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Jang H, Myung H, Lee J, Myung JK, Jang WS, Lee SJ, Bae CH, Kim H, Park S, Shim S. Impaired Skin Barrier Due to Sebaceous Gland Atrophy in the Latent Stage of Radiation-Induced Skin Injury: Application of Non-Invasive Diagnostic Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010185. [PMID: 29316698 PMCID: PMC5796134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced skin injury can take the form of serious cutaneous damage and have specific characteristics. Asymptomatic periods are classified as the latent stage. The skin barrier plays a critical role in the modulation of skin permeability and hydration and protects the body against a harsh external environment. However, an analysis on skin barrier dysfunction against radiation exposure in the latent stage has not been conducted. Thus, we investigated whether the skin barrier is impaired by irradiation in the latent stage and aimed to identify the molecules involved in skin barrier dysfunction. We analyzed skin barrier function and its components in SKH1 mice that received 20 and 40 Gy local irradiation. Increased transepidermal water loss and skin pH were observed in the latent stage of the irradiated skin. Skin barrier components, such as structural proteins and lipid synthesis enzymes in keratinocyte, increased in the irradiated group. Interestingly, we noted sebaceous gland atrophy and increased serine protease and inflammatory cytokines in the irradiated skin during the latent period. This finding indicates that the main factor of skin barrier dysfunction in the latent stage of radiation-induced skin injury is sebaceous gland deficiency, which could be an intervention target for skin barrier impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosun Jang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Hyunwook Myung
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Janet Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Jae Kyung Myung
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea.
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Won-Suk Jang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Sun-Joo Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Chang-Hwan Bae
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Sunhoo Park
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea.
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Sehwan Shim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea.
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25
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Jia Y, Gan Y, He C, Chen Z, Zhou C. The mechanism of skin lipids influencing skin status. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 89:112-119. [PMID: 29174114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skin lipids, compose of sebocyte-, keratinocyte-, and microbe- derived lipids, dramatically influence skin status by different mechanisms. (I) Physical chemistry function: They are "mortar" to establish the physico-chemical barrier function of skin; (II) Biochemistry function: They function as signals in the complex signaling network originating at the epidermal level; (III) Microecology function: Sebocyte- and keratinocyte-derived lipids vary the composition of microbial skin flora, and microorganisms metabolize them to produce lipids as signal starting signaling transduction. Importantly, further research needs lipidiomics, more powerful analytical ability and high-throughput manner, to identify skin lipid components into individual species. The validation of lipid structure and function to research the process that lipid species involved in. Additional, the integration of lipidomics data with other omics strategies can develop the power to study the mechanism of skin lipids influencing skin status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yao Gan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Congfen He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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26
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Tončić RJ, Kezić S, Hadžavdić SL, Marinović B. Skin barrier and dry skin in the mature patient. Clin Dermatol 2017; 36:109-115. [PMID: 29566915 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dry skin is the most common clinical manifestation of dermatologic diseases, and it presents with itching, redness, and desquamation-signs and clinical manifestations that are not only physically uncomfortable but also affect patients psychologically. The water content in the stratum corneum is largely dependent on the composition and amount of the intercellular lipids, which regulate the loss of water from the skin, and on the levels of hygroscopic substances of the natural moisturizing factors, which are responsible for retention of water in the stratum corneum. Prevention of water loss and penetration of potentially toxic substances and microorganisms into the body are the most important functions of the skin, which acts as a natural frontier between the inner organism and the environment. Skin barrier defects occur in several skin diseases, but the influence of aging on the skin barrier function is largely unknown and conflicting results have been reported. In this review, the structure and function of the barrier in relation to the aging process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ružica Jurakić Tončić
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sanja Kezić
- Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzana Ljubojević Hadžavdić
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branka Marinović
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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27
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Chalyk NE, Bandaletova TY, Kyle NH, Petyaev IM. Morphological Characteristics of Residual Skin Surface Components Collected from the Surface of Facial Skin in Women of Different Age. Ann Dermatol 2017; 29:454-461. [PMID: 28761294 PMCID: PMC5500711 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2017.29.4.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Problems of skin aging and its prevention currently attract increasing attention with the growth of human life expectancy. The morphology of the stratum corneum (SC) is well known, but investigation of age-related changes of its structure is difficult in the absence of non-invasive sampling methods. The residual skin surface components (RSSC) that overlay the SC can be easily collected non-invasively. Objective The aim of this study was to examine morphology of RSSC samples collected from the surface of facial skin of healthy female volunteers of different age. Methods RSSC samples were non-invasively collected from 53 adult female volunteers (22 aged in the range 18∼25 years and 31 aged in the range 50∼73 years). The samples were analysed microscopically. Results Distinct age-related changes were determined for lipid droplet size, corneocyte desquamation level and lipid crystal count. There was a significant (p=0.0006) decrease in lipid droplet size among older women. Similarly, significantly (p=0.0401) lower lipid crystal numbers were present in the older group. Conversely, corneocyte desquamation was significantly higher (p=0.0007) in older women. No age-related difference in microbial presence in the RSSC could be detected. Result patterns were generally similar to those previously found in male volunteers; however gender-related differences in the absolute values were revealed. Conclusion Non-invasively collected RSSC samples allow identifying age-related changes on facial skin surface. The results of this study highlight gender-dependence of distinct elements of age-associated impairment of epidermal barrier and can be employed for developing new approaches to prevent changes associated with skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya E Chalyk
- Lycotec Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky, Institute of Cardiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saratov, Russian Federation
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28
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Ehrmann C, Schneider MR. Genetically modified laboratory mice with sebaceous glands abnormalities. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4623-4642. [PMID: 27457558 PMCID: PMC11108334 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sebaceous glands (SG) are exocrine glands that release their product by holocrine secretion, meaning that the whole cell becomes a secretion following disruption of the membrane. SG may be found in association with a hair follicle, forming the pilosebaceous unit, or as modified SG at different body sites such as the eyelids (Meibomian glands) or the preputial glands. Depending on their location, SG fulfill a number of functions, including protection of the skin and fur, thermoregulation, formation of the tear lipid film, and pheromone-based communication. Accordingly, SG abnormalities are associated with several diseases such as acne, cicatricial alopecia, and dry eye disease. An increasing number of genetically modified laboratory mouse lines develop SG abnormalities, and their study may provide important clues regarding the molecular pathways regulating SG development, physiology, and pathology. Here, we summarize in tabulated form the available mouse lines with SG abnormalities and, focusing on selected examples, discuss the insights they provide into SG biology and pathology. We hope this survey will become a helpful information source for researchers with a primary interest in SG but also as for researchers from unrelated fields that are unexpectedly confronted with a SG phenotype in newly generated mouse lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ehrmann
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Marlon R Schneider
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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29
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Chalyk NE, Bandaletova TY, Kyle NH, Petyaev IM. Age-related differences in morphological characteristics of residual skin surface components collected from the surface of facial skin of healthy male volunteers. Skin Res Technol 2016; 23:212-220. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. E. Chalyk
- Lycotec Ltd; Cambridge UK
- Institute of Cardiology; Saratov Russia
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30
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Oláh A, Markovics A, Szabó-Papp J, Szabó PT, Stott C, Zouboulis CC, Bíró T. Differential effectiveness of selected non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids on human sebocyte functions implicates their introduction in dry/seborrhoeic skin and acne treatment. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:701-7. [PMID: 27094344 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acne is a common skin disease characterized by elevated sebum production and inflammation of the sebaceous glands. We have previously shown that a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid ((-)-cannabidiol [CBD]) exerted complex anti-acne effects by normalizing 'pro-acne agents'-induced excessive sebaceous lipid production, reducing proliferation and alleviating inflammation in human SZ95 sebocytes. Therefore, in this study we aimed to explore the putative anti-acne effects of further non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids ((-)-cannabichromene [CBC], (-)-cannabidivarin [CBDV], (-)-cannabigerol [CBG], (-)-cannabigerovarin [CBGV] and (-)-Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabivarin [THCV]). Viability and proliferation of human SZ95 sebocytes were investigated by MTT and CyQUANT assays; cell death and lipid synthesis were monitored by DilC1 (5)-SYTOX Green labelling and Nile Red staining, respectively. Inflammatory responses were investigated by monitoring expressions of selected cytokines upon lipopolysaccharide treatment (RT-qPCR, ELISA). Up to 10 μm, the phytocannabinoids only negligibly altered the viability of the sebocytes, whereas high doses (≥50 μm) induced apoptosis. Interestingly, basal sebaceous lipid synthesis was differentially modulated by the substances: CBC and THCV suppressed it, and CBDV had only minor effects, whereas CBG and CBGV increased it. Importantly, CBC, CBDV and THCV significantly reduced arachidonic acid (AA)-induced 'acne-like' lipogenesis. Moreover, THCV suppressed proliferation, and all phytocannabinoids exerted remarkable anti-inflammatory actions. Our data suggest that CBG and CBGV may have potential in the treatment of dry-skin syndrome, whereas CBC, CBDV and especially THCV show promise to become highly efficient, novel anti-acne agents. Moreover, based on their remarkable anti-inflammatory actions, phytocannabinoids could be efficient, yet safe novel tools in the management of cutaneous inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Oláh
- DE-MTA 'Lendület' Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Arnold Markovics
- DE-MTA 'Lendület' Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Szabó-Papp
- DE-MTA 'Lendület' Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pálma Tímea Szabó
- DE-MTA 'Lendület' Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany
| | - Tamás Bíró
- DE-MTA 'Lendület' Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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31
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Wohlman IM, Composto GM, Heck DE, Heindel ND, Lacey CJ, Guillon CD, Casillas RP, Croutch CR, Gerecke DR, Laskin DL, Joseph LB, Laskin JD. Mustard vesicants alter expression of the endocannabinoid system in mouse skin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 303:30-44. [PMID: 27125198 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vesicants including sulfur mustard (SM) and nitrogen mustard (NM) are bifunctional alkylating agents that cause skin inflammation, edema and blistering. This is associated with alterations in keratinocyte growth and differentiation. Endogenous cannabinoids, including N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), are important in regulating inflammation, keratinocyte proliferation and wound healing. Their activity is mediated by binding to cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Levels of endocannabinoids are regulated by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). We found that CB1, CB2, PPARα and FAAH were all constitutively expressed in mouse epidermis and dermal appendages. Topical administration of NM or SM, at concentrations that induce tissue injury, resulted in upregulation of FAAH, CB1, CB2 and PPARα, a response that persisted throughout the wound healing process. Inhibitors of FAAH including a novel class of vanillyl alcohol carbamates were found to be highly effective in suppressing vesicant-induced inflammation in mouse skin. Taken together, these data indicate that the endocannabinoid system is important in regulating skin homeostasis and that inhibitors of FAAH may be useful as medical countermeasures against vesicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Wohlman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Gabriella M Composto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Diane E Heck
- Environmental Health Science, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Ned D Heindel
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | - C Jeffrey Lacey
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Donald R Gerecke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Laurie B Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
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32
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Ramot Y, Mastrofrancesco A, Camera E, Desreumaux P, Paus R, Picardo M. The role of PPARγ-mediated signalling in skin biology and pathology: new targets and opportunities for clinical dermatology. Exp Dermatol 2016; 24:245-51. [PMID: 25644500 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that modulate the expression of multiple different genes involved in the regulation of lipid, glucose and amino acid metabolism. PPARs and cognate ligands also regulate important cellular functions, including cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as inflammatory responses. This includes a role in mediating skin and pilosebaceous unit homoeostasis: PPARs appear to be essential for maintaining skin barrier permeability, inhibit keratinocyte cell growth, promote keratinocyte terminal differentiation and regulate skin inflammation. They also may have protective effects on human hair follicle (HFs) epithelial stem cells, while defects in PPARγ-mediated signalling may promote the death of these stem cells and thus facilitate the development of cicatricial alopecia (lichen planopilaris). Overall, however, selected PPARγ modulators appear to act as hair growth inhibitors that reduce the proliferation and promote apoptosis of hair matrix keratinocytes. The fact that commonly prescribed PPARγ-modulatory drugs of the thiazolidine-2,4-dione class can exhibit a battery of adverse cutaneous effects underscores the importance of distinguishing beneficial from clinically undesired cutaneous activities of PPARγ ligands and to better understand on the molecular level how PPARγ-regulated cutaneous lipid metabolism and PPARγ-mediated signalling impact on human skin physiology and pathology. Surely, the therapeutic potential that endogenous and exogenous PPARγ modulators may possess in selected skin diseases, ranging from chronic inflammatory hyperproliferative dermatoses like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, via scarring alopecia and acne can only be harnessed if the complexities of PPARγ signalling in human skin and its appendages are systematically dissected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ramot
- Department of Dermatology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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33
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de Steenhuijsen Piters WAA, Sanders EAM, Bogaert D. The role of the local microbial ecosystem in respiratory health and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 370:rstb.2014.0294. [PMID: 26150660 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections are a major global health concern, accounting for high morbidity and mortality, especially in young children and elderly individuals. Traditionally, highly common bacterial respiratory tract infections, including otitis media and pneumonia, were thought to be caused by a limited number of pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. However, these pathogens are also frequently observed commensal residents of the upper respiratory tract (URT) and form-together with harmless commensal bacteria, viruses and fungi-intricate ecological networks, collectively known as the 'microbiome'. Analogous to the gut microbiome, the respiratory microbiome at equilibrium is thought to be beneficial to the host by priming the immune system and providing colonization resistance, while an imbalanced ecosystem might predispose to bacterial overgrowth and development of respiratory infections. We postulate that specific ecological perturbations of the bacterial communities in the URT can occur in response to various lifestyle or environmental effectors, leading to diminished colonization resistance, loss of containment of newly acquired or resident pathogens, preluding bacterial overgrowth, ultimately resulting in local or systemic bacterial infections. Here, we review the current body of literature regarding niche-specific upper respiratory microbiota profiles within human hosts and the changes occurring within these profiles that are associated with respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A A de Steenhuijsen Piters
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A M Sanders
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Dahlhoff M, Camera E, Schäfer M, Emrich D, Riethmacher D, Foster A, Paus R, Schneider MR. Sebaceous lipids are essential for water repulsion, protection against UVB-induced apoptosis and ocular integrity in mice. Development 2016; 143:1823-31. [PMID: 26989175 DOI: 10.1242/dev.132753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sebocytes, which are characterized by lipid accumulation that leads to cell disruption, can be found in hair follicle-associated sebaceous glands (SGs) or in free SGs such as the Meibomian glands in the eyelids. Because genetic tools that allow targeting of sebocytes while maintaining intact epidermal lipids are lacking, the relevance of sebaceous lipids in health and disease remains poorly understood. Using Scd3, which is expressed exclusively in mature sebocytes, we established a mouse line with sebocyte-specific expression of Cre recombinase. Both RT-PCR analysis and crossing into Rosa26-lacZ reporter mice and Kras(G12D) mice confirmed Cre activity specifically in SGs, with no activity in other skin compartments. Importantly, loss of SCD3 function did not cause detectable phenotypical alterations, endorsing the usefulness of Scd3-Cre mice for further functional studies. Scd3-Cre-induced, diphtheria chain A toxin-mediated depletion of sebaceous lipids resulted in impaired water repulsion and thermoregulation, increased rates of UVB-induced epidermal apoptosis and caused a severe pathology of the ocular surface resembling Meibomian gland dysfunction. This novel mouse line will be useful for further investigating the roles of sebaceous lipids in skin and eye integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Dahlhoff
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Emanuela Camera
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Matthias Schäfer
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Emrich
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Dieter Riethmacher
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - April Foster
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Marlon R Schneider
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
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35
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Schneider MR. Lipid droplets and associated proteins in sebocytes. Exp Cell Res 2016; 340:205-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Inhibitory effect of imperatorin on insulin-like growth factor-1-induced sebum production in human sebocytes cultured in vitro. Life Sci 2016; 144:49-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Cell-free extracts of Propionibacterium acnes stimulate cytokine production through activation of p38 MAPK and Toll-like receptor in SZ95 sebocytes. Life Sci 2015; 139:123-31. [PMID: 26341693 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Propionibacterium acnes has been considered to influence the acne lesions. The present study intended to elucidate the underlying signaling pathways of P. acnes in human sebaceous gland cells relative to the generation of proinflammatory cytokines. MAIN METHODS Cell-free extracts of P. acnes under stationary growth phase were co-incubated with human immortalized SZ95 sebocytes. Then, cell-free P. acnes extracts-induced cytokine expression was evaluated by measuring mRNA and protein levels using quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA. Changes of phosphorylated cell signaling proteins and transcription factors were measured by Western blots and Milliplex assay. The interactive molecular mechanisms of P. acnes and sebocytes were examined through use of shRNA and the specific inhibitors of signaling pathways. KEY FINDINGS Cell-free extracts of P. acnes significantly stimulated secretion of interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-6 in SZ95 sebocytes. The degradation of IκB-α and increased phosphorylation of IκB-α, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), CREB, and STAT3 were demonstrated. Quantitative RT-PCR measurements revealed that gene expression of IL-8 and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) was enhanced by cell-free extracts of P. acnes. In addition, the NF-κB inhibitor BMS345541, p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580, or anti-TLR2 neutralizing antibody prevented cell-free P. acnes extracts-induced secretion of IL-8. Knockdown of TLR2 using shRNA exerted similar inhibitory effects on IL-8 expression. Moreover, inhibition of STAT3 activity by STA-21 enhanced P. acnes-mediated secretion of IL-8. SIGNIFICANCE Cell-free extracts of P. acnes are capable to activate NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways and up-regulate secretion of IL-8 through TLR2-dependent signaling in human SZ95 sebocytes.
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de Steenhuijsen Piters WAA, Sanders EAM, Bogaert D. The role of the local microbial ecosystem in respiratory health and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 370:20140294. [PMID: 26150660 PMCID: PMC4528492 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0294;] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections are a major global health concern, accounting for high morbidity and mortality, especially in young children and elderly individuals. Traditionally, highly common bacterial respiratory tract infections, including otitis media and pneumonia, were thought to be caused by a limited number of pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. However, these pathogens are also frequently observed commensal residents of the upper respiratory tract (URT) and form-together with harmless commensal bacteria, viruses and fungi-intricate ecological networks, collectively known as the 'microbiome'. Analogous to the gut microbiome, the respiratory microbiome at equilibrium is thought to be beneficial to the host by priming the immune system and providing colonization resistance, while an imbalanced ecosystem might predispose to bacterial overgrowth and development of respiratory infections. We postulate that specific ecological perturbations of the bacterial communities in the URT can occur in response to various lifestyle or environmental effectors, leading to diminished colonization resistance, loss of containment of newly acquired or resident pathogens, preluding bacterial overgrowth, ultimately resulting in local or systemic bacterial infections. Here, we review the current body of literature regarding niche-specific upper respiratory microbiota profiles within human hosts and the changes occurring within these profiles that are associated with respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A. A. de Steenhuijsen Piters
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A. M. Sanders
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,e-mail:
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40
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Nikolakis G, Seltmann H, Hossini AM, Makrantonaki E, Knolle J, Zouboulis CC. Ex vivohuman skin and SZ95 sebocytes exhibit a homoeostatic interaction in a novel coculture contact model. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:497-502. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Nikolakis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology; Dessau Medical Center; Dessau Germany
| | - Holger Seltmann
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology; Dessau Medical Center; Dessau Germany
| | - Amir M. Hossini
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology; Dessau Medical Center; Dessau Germany
| | - Evgenia Makrantonaki
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology; Dessau Medical Center; Dessau Germany
| | - Jürgen Knolle
- Institute of Pathology; Dessau Medical Center; Dessau Germany
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology; Dessau Medical Center; Dessau Germany
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41
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Mauris J, Dieckow J, Schob S, Pulli B, Hatton MP, Jeong S, Bauskar A, Gabison E, Nowak R, Argüeso P. Loss of CD147 results in impaired epithelial cell differentiation and malformation of the meibomian gland. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1726. [PMID: 25880093 PMCID: PMC4650560 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Meibomian gland dysfunction is a leading cause of ocular surface disease. However, little is known about the regulatory processes that control the development and maintenance of this sebaceous gland. Here, we identify a novel function for CD147, a transmembrane protein that promotes tissue remodeling through induction of matrix metalloproteinases, in regulating meibocyte differentiation and activity. We found that CD147 localized along basal cells and within discrete membrane domains of differentiated meibocytes in glandular acini containing gelatinolytic activity. Induction of meibocyte differentiation in vitro promoted CD147 clustering and MMP9 secretion, whereas RNAi-mediated abrogation of CD147 impaired MMP9 secretion, concomitant with a reduction in the number of proliferative cells and cytoplasmic lipids. Meibomian glands of CD147 knockout mice had a lower number of acini in both the superior and inferior tarsal plates of the eyelids, and were characterized by loss of lipid-filled meibocytes compared with control mice. Together, our data provide evidence showing that gelatinolytic activity in meibocytes is dependent on CD147, and supports a role for CD147 in maintaining the normal development and function of the meibomian gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mauris
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Dieckow
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Schob
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B Pulli
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M P Hatton
- 1] Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [2] Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Jeong
- Institute for Genetic Medicine and Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Bauskar
- Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate Program in Medical Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E Gabison
- Cornea and External Diseases, Fondation A. De Rothschild, Hôpital Bichat, APHP, Université Paris VII Diderot, Paris, France
| | - R Nowak
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - P Argüeso
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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42
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Epidermal Expression and Regulation of Interleukin-33 during Homeostasis and Inflammation: Strong Species Differences. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1771-1780. [PMID: 25739051 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
IL-33 is a novel IL-1 family member with a putative role in inflammatory skin disorders and a complex biology. Therefore, recent conflicting data regarding its function in experimental models justify a close assessment of its tissue expression and regulation. Indeed, we report here that there are strong species differences in the expression and regulation of epidermal IL-33. In murine epidermis, IL-33 behaved similar to an alarmin, being constitutively expressed in keratinocyte nuclei and rapidly lost during acute inflammation. By contrast, human and porcine IL-33 were weakly expressed or absent in keratinocytes of noninflamed skin but induced during acute inflammation. To this end, we observed that expression of IL-33 in human keratinocytes but not murine keratinocytes was strongly induced by IFN-γ, and this upregulation completely depended on the presence of EGFR ligands. Accordingly, IFN-γ increased the expression of IL-33 in the basal layers of the epidermis in human ex vivo skin cultures only, despite good evidence of IFN-γ activity in cultures from both species. Together these findings demonstrate that a full understanding of IL-33 function in clinical settings must take species-specific differences into account.
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43
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Tóth BI, Szallasi A, Bíró T. Transient receptor potential channels and itch: how deep should we scratch? Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 226:89-133. [PMID: 25861776 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-44605-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have evolved from a somewhat obscure observation on how fruit flies detect light to become the center of drug discovery efforts, triggering a heated debate about their potential as targets for therapeutic applications in humans. In this review, we describe our current understanding of the diverse mechanism of action of TRP channels in the itch pathway from the skin to the brain with focus on the peripheral detection of stimuli that elicit the desire to scratch and spinal itch processing and sensitization. We predict that the compelling basic research findings on TRP channels and pruritus will be translated into the development of novel, clinically useful itch medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs I Tóth
- DE-MTA "Lendület" Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
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44
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Bíró T. Human sebocytes: the new leptin connection? Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:1288. [PMID: 25523251 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Bíró
- DE-MTA 'Lendület' Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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45
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Bowe W, Patel NB, Logan AC. Acne vulgaris, probiotics and the gut-brain-skin axis: from anecdote to translational medicine. Benef Microbes 2014; 5:185-99. [PMID: 23886975 DOI: 10.3920/bm2012.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris has long been postulated to feature a gastrointestinal mechanism, dating back 80 years to dermatologists John H. Stokes and Donald M. Pillsbury. They hypothesised that emotional states (e.g. depression and anxiety) could alter normal intestinal microbiota, increase intestinal permeability, and contribute to systemic inflammation. They were also among the first to propose the use of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus cultures. In recent years, aspects of this gut-brain-skin theory have been further validated via modern scientific investigations. It is evident that gut microbes and oral probiotics could be linked to the skin, and particularly acne severity, by their ability to influence systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, glycaemic control, tissue lipid content, and even mood. This intricate relationship between gut microbiota and the skin may also be influenced by diet, a current area of intense scrutiny by those who study acne. Here we provide a historical background to the gut-brain-skin theory in acne, followed by a summary of contemporary investigations and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bowe
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - N B Patel
- New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 150 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - A C Logan
- Genuine Health, 775 East Blithedale Avenue, Suite 364, Mill Valley, CA 94941, USA
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46
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Dozsa A, Dezso B, Toth BI, Bacsi A, Poliska S, Camera E, Picardo M, Zouboulis CC, Bíró T, Schmitz G, Liebisch G, Rühl R, Remenyik E, Nagy L. PPARγ-mediated and arachidonic acid-dependent signaling is involved in differentiation and lipid production of human sebocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 134:910-920. [PMID: 24129064 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional basis of sebocyte differentiation and lipid production is mostly unclear. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a lipid-activated transcription factor, has been implicated in differentiation and lipid metabolism of various cell types. Here, we show that PPARγ is differentially expressed in normal and pathological human sebocytes and appears to have roles in their differentiation and lipid production. We used laser-microdissected normal and pathological human sebaceous glands (SGs) and SZ95 cells (immortalized sebocyte cell line) analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. Lipids were analyzed by quantitative fluorimetry- and mass spectrometry-based approaches. We have observed that PPARγ and its target genes, ADRP (adipose differentiation-related protein) and PGAR (PPARγ angiopoietin-related protein), are expressed in sebocytes and show association with their level of differentiation. Also, PPARγ is present in normal and hyperplastic SG, whereas its expression levels are decreased in SG adenoma and SG carcinoma cells, reflecting a maturation-linked expression pattern. Furthermore, in SZ95 sebocytes, naturally occurring lipids, including arachidonic acid and arachidonic acid keto-metabolites (e.g., 5-KETE (5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid), 12-KETE (12-oxo-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid)), appear to regulate PPARγ signaling pathways, which in turn modulate phospholipid biosynthesis and induce neutral lipid synthesis. Collectively, our findings highlight the importance of endogenous ligand-activated PPARγ signaling in human sebocyte biology and suggest that PPARγ might be a promising candidate for the clinical management of SG disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniko Dozsa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Dermatology, Health Care Center, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Balazs Dezso
- Department of Pathology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balazs I Toth
- DE-MTA "Lendület" Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Bacsi
- Department of Immunology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilard Poliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Emanuela Camera
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, Institute of Dermatology San Gallicano (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, Institute of Dermatology San Gallicano (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany
| | - Tamás Bíró
- DE-MTA "Lendület" Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eva Remenyik
- Department of Dermatology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; DE-MTA "Lendület" Immunogenomics Research Group, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary.
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47
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Nejati R, Skobowiat C, Slominski AT. Commentary on the practical guide for the study of sebaceous glands. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:629-30. [PMID: 24079730 PMCID: PMC3806073 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For many years, the function of the sebaceous gland (SG) was underestimated and suggested by Albert M. Kligman as a remnant of human development, a 'living fossil with a past but no future'. However, the last two decades of studies and the discovery of neuro-endocrine pathways in skin have determined the importance of the SG in cutaneous biology and homeostasis. SGs play their role in cutaneous homeostasis by contribution to local steroidogenic pathways, antimicrobial activity and display of immune (both pro- and anti-inflammatory) properties. Despite several important manuscripts and reviews regarding SG biology and function, there was an urgent need for a high-quality methodological guide through SG identification and quantitative evaluation. In this issue of Experimental Dermatology, Hinde et al. present a practical guide to SG research - outlining methods, defining immunohistochemical markers and providing guidance to both novice and more experienced SG researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Nejati
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Cezary Skobowiat
- Center for Adult Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Division of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Center for Adult Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Division of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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48
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Hinde E, Haslam IS, Schneider MR, Langan EA, Kloepper JE, Schramm C, Zouboulis CC, Paus R. A practical guide for the study of human and murine sebaceous glandsin situ. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:631-7. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Hinde
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester; UK
| | - Iain S. Haslam
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester; UK
| | - Marlon R. Schneider
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology; Gene Center; LMU Munich; Munich; Germany
| | | | | | | | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology; Dessau Medical Center; Dessau; Germany
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49
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Sugawara T, Nemoto K, Adachi Y, Yamano N, Tokuda N, Muto M, Okuyama R, Sakai S, Owada Y. Reduced size of sebaceous gland and altered sebum lipid composition in mice lacking fatty acid binding protein 5 gene. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:543-6. [PMID: 22716252 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are capable of binding long-chain FA and are involved in intracellular FA transport and signal transduction. In sebaceous glands, FABP5 is highly expressed in differentiated sebocytes; though, its function remains unclear. In this study, we examined the role of FABP5 in sebocytes using FABP5-deficient mice. The size of sebaceous glands was significantly reduced, while the sebum volume was increased with altered lipid composition in FABP5-deficient mice. However, no significant differences were discerned in the expression of proliferation or differentiation markers including Blimp1, c-myc, Ki67 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)γ between wild-type and FABP5-deficient sebaceous glands. The expression of cellular retinoic acid binding protein-2 (CRABP2) that is a competitor of FABP5 for RA signalling was increased in FABP5-deficient mice. These results suggest that FABP5 is involved in the regulation of sebaceous gland activity through modulation of cellular lipid signalling and/or metabolism in the sebocytes.
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50
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Sakuma TH, Maibach HI. Oily skin: an overview. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 25:227-35. [PMID: 22722766 DOI: 10.1159/000338978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Oily skin (seborrhea) is a common cosmetic problem that occurs when oversized sebaceous glands produce excessive amounts of sebum giving the appearance of shiny and greasy skin. This paper overviews the main concepts of sebaceous gland anatomy and physiology, including the biosynthesis, storage and release of sebum, as well as its relationship to skin hydration and water barrier function. We also address how skin oiliness may vary according to diet, age, gender, ethnicity and hot humid climates. The deeper understanding of this skin type provides the opportunity to better guide patients regarding skin care and also assist in the development of sebosuppressive agents.
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