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Jongejan YK, Linthorst NA, Schrader Echeverri E, Laan SNJ, Dirven RJ, Dahlman JE, van Vlijmen BJM, Denis CV, Eikenboom JCJ. Impact of allele-selective silencing of von Willebrand factor in mice based on a single nucleotide allelic difference in von Willebrand factor. Thromb Res 2024; 236:201-208. [PMID: 38461614 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Von Willebrand factor (VWF) plays a pathophysiological role in hemostatic disorders. Partial inhibition of the VWF gene through small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated allele-selective silencing could be a promising therapeutic strategy. For von Willebrand disease, allele-selectively inhibiting dominant-negative VWF-alleles might ameliorate the phenotype. For thrombotic disorders, partial VWF reduction can lower thrombotic risk, while avoiding bleeding. Previously, we demonstrated the feasibility of Vwf-silencing in homozygous C57BL/6J (B6) or 129S1/SvImJ (129S) mice. The present study investigated allele-selective Vwf-silencing in a complex heterozygous setting of crossed B6 and 129S mice and its subsequent hemostatic impact. MATERIALS AND METHODS Heterozygous B6.129S mice were treated with siRNAs targeting Vwf expressed from either B6- (siVwf.B6) or 129S-alleles (siVwf.129S). Plasma VWF and lung Vwf mRNA were determined. siVwf.B6-treated B6.129S mice were subjected to ferric chloride-induced mesenteric vessel thrombosis and tail-bleeding. RESULTS In B6.129S mice, siVwf.B6 reduced Vwf mRNA of the targeted B6-allele by 72% vs. only 12% of the non-targeted 129S-allele (41% total mRNA reduction), lowering plasma VWF by 46%. Oppositely, siVwf.129S reduced Vwf mRNA by 45%, now selectively inhibiting the 129S-allele over the B6-allele (58% vs. 9%), decreasing plasma VWF by 43%. The allele-selective VWF reduction by siVwf.B6 coincided with decreased thrombus formation in mesenteric arterioles, without prolonging tail-bleeding times. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the feasibility of allele-selective Vwf-silencing in a heterozygous setting, achieving a controlled close to 50% reduction of plasma VWF. The observed thromboprotection and absence of prolonged bleeding times underline the potential of allele-selective Vwf-silencing as a therapeutic strategy in hemostatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne K Jongejan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Noa A Linthorst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elisa Schrader Echeverri
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sebastiaan N J Laan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Richard J Dirven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - James E Dahlman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bart J M van Vlijmen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cécile V Denis
- Laboratory for Hemostasis, Inflammation and Thrombosis, Unité Mixed de Recherche S1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jeroen C J Eikenboom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Kiouptsi K, Casari M, Mandel J, Gao Z, Deppermann C. Intravital Imaging of Thrombosis Models in Mice. Hamostaseologie 2023; 43:348-359. [PMID: 37857297 DOI: 10.1055/a-2118-2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy is a powerful tool to study thrombosis in real time. The kinetics of thrombus formation and progression in vivo is studied after inflicting damage to the endothelium through mechanical, chemical, or laser injury. Mouse models of atherosclerosis are also used to induce thrombus formation. Vessels of different sizes and from different vascular beds such as carotid artery or vena cava, mesenteric or cremaster arterioles, can be targeted. Using fluorescent dyes, antibodies, or reporter mouse strains allows to visualize key cells and factors mediating the thrombotic processes. Here, we review the latest literature on using intravital microscopy to study thrombosis as well as thromboinflammation following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, infection-induced immunothrombosis, and liver ischemia reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klytaimnistra Kiouptsi
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martina Casari
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Mandel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zhenling Gao
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Deppermann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
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Ferraro F, Patella F, Costa JR, Ketteler R, Kriston‐Vizi J, Cutler DF. Modulation of endothelial organelle size as an antithrombotic strategy. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:3296-3308. [PMID: 32881285 PMCID: PMC8436738 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is long established that von Willebrand factor (VWF) is central to hemostasis and thrombosis. Endothelial VWF is stored in cell-specific secretory granules, Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs), organelles generated in a wide range of lengths (0.5-5.0 µm). WPB size responds to physiological cues and pharmacological treatment, and VWF secretion from shortened WPBs dramatically reduces platelet and plasma VWF adhesion to an endothelial surface. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that WPB-shortening represented a novel target for antithrombotic therapy. Our objective was to determine whether compounds exhibiting this activity do exist. METHODS Using a microscopy approach coupled to automated image analysis, we measured the size of WPB bodies in primary human endothelial cells treated with licensed compounds for 24 hours. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS A novel approach to identification of antithrombotic compounds generated a significant number of candidates with the ability to shorten WPBs. In vitro assays of two selected compounds confirm that they inhibit the pro-hemostatic activity of secreted VWF. This set of compounds acting at a very early stage of the hemostatic process could well prove to be a useful adjunct to current antithrombotic therapeutics. Further, in the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with a considerable fraction of critically ill COVID-19 patients affected by hypercoagulability, these WPB size-reducing drugs might also provide welcome therapeutic leads for frontline clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferraro
- Endothelial Cell Biology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Present address:
Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM)Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnVilla ComunaleNaplesItaly
| | - Francesca Patella
- Endothelial Cell Biology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Joana R. Costa
- Cell Signalling and Autophagy GroupMRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Present address:
Leukaemia Biology Research GroupDepartment of Haematology, Cancer InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Robin Ketteler
- Cell Signalling and Autophagy GroupMRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Janos Kriston‐Vizi
- Bioinformatics Image Core (BIONIC)MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Daniel F. Cutler
- Endothelial Cell Biology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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4
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Leszczyńska A, Misztal T, Marcińczyk N, Kamiński T, Kramkowski K, Chabielska E, Pawlak D. Effect of quinolinic acid - A uremic toxin from tryptophan metabolism - On hemostatic profile in rat and mouse thrombosis models. Adv Med Sci 2019; 64:370-380. [PMID: 31176868 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to determine the effect of quinolinic acid (QA) on hemostasis in rat and mouse models of thrombosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Wistar rats (male, n = 72) received QA dissolved in drinking water in doses of 3, 10, 30 mg/kg or pure drinking water (vehicle control group -VEH) for 14 days. On the 14th day of the experiment the effect of QA on hemostasis was evaluated using electrically induced arterial thrombosis model. The following parameters were measured: thrombus weight, hematology, thromboelastometric (ROTEM) parameters, TXA2 and 6-keto-PGF1α concentration, coagulation and fibrinolytic markers activity and concentration. GFP mice (male, n = 30) were assigned to the group receiving QA (30 mg/kg) or VEH for 14 days and to the group receiving: single intravenous dose of QA (30 mg/kg) or VEH or the same dose of QA and anti-CD31 (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, PECAM-1) antibody conjugated with Alexa Fluor 647. The effect of QA on hemostasis was evaluated in the model of laser-induced injury of mesentery vein using intravital confocal microscopy. RESULTS Administering QA for 14 days resulted in a divergent, depending on dose, increase in concentration of active form of tPA and PAI-1 and concentration of total PAI-1 and PAP complexes in rats' plasma. In turn, administering QA for 14 days in mice revealed its prothrombotic activity, while single-dose IV administration revealed its antithrombotic activity, through the up-regulation of PECAM-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the first evidence for the opposite biological effects of QA on hemostasis in rat and mouse thrombosis models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomasz Misztal
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Natalia Marcińczyk
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kamiński
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Karol Kramkowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Chabielska
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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5
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Marcinczyk N, Jarmoc D, Leszczynska A, Zakrzeska A, Kramkowski K, Strawa J, Gromotowicz-Poplawska A, Chabielska E, Tomczyk M. Antithrombotic Potential of Tormentil Extract in Animal Models. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:534. [PMID: 28860991 PMCID: PMC5559472 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Potentilla species that have been investigated so far display pharmacological activity mainly due to the presence of polyphenols. Recently, it was shown that polyphenol-rich extract from rhizome of Potentilla erecta (tormentil extract) affects the metabolism of arachidonic acid and exerts both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities, suggesting a possible effect on thrombosis. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of tormentil extract on haemostasis in a rat model of thrombosis. Lyophilized water-methanol extract from P. erecta rhizome was administrated per os for 14 days in doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg in a volume of 2 mL/kg in a 5% water solution of gummi arabici (VEH). In the in vivo experiment an electrically induced carotid artery thrombosis model with blood flow monitoring was used in Wistar rats. Collected blood samples were analyzed ex vivo functionally and biochemically for changes in haemostasis. Tormentil extract (400 mg/kg) significantly decreased thrombus weight and prolonged the time to carotid artery occlusion and bleeding time without changes in the blood pressure. In the ex vivo experiment tormentil extract (400 mg/kg) reduced thromboxane production and decreased t-PA activity, while total t-PA concentration, as well as total PAI-1 concentration and PAI-1 activity remained unchanged. Furthermore, tormentil extract (400 mg/kg) decreased bradykinin concentration and shortened the time to reach maximal optical density during fibrin generation. Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, QUICK index, fibrinogen level, and collagen-induced aggregation remained unchanged. To investigate the involvement of platelets in the antithrombotic effect of tormentil, the extract was administrated per os for 2 days to mice and irreversible platelets activation after ferric chloride induced thrombosis was evaluated under intravital conditions using confocal microscopy system. In this model tormentil extract (400 mg/kg) significantly reduced platelet activation at the same extent as acetylsalicylic acid. Taken together, we have shown for the first time that tormentil extract inhibits arterial thrombosis in platelet- and endothelial-dependent mechanisms without hemodynamic changes. Further studies on the detailed mechanism of action of tormentil extract toward fibrinolysis and the kinin system should be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Marcinczyk
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of BialystokBialystok, Poland
| | - Dominika Jarmoc
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of BialystokBialystok, Poland
| | | | | | - Karol Kramkowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of BialystokBialystok, Poland
| | - Jakub Strawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of BialystokBialystok, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Chabielska
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of BialystokBialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of BialystokBialystok, Poland
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Ma J, Zhang Z, Yang L, Kriston-Vizi J, Cutler DF, Li W. BLOC-2 subunit HPS6 deficiency affects the tubulation and secretion of von Willebrand factor from mouse endothelial cells. J Genet Genomics 2016; 43:686-693. [PMID: 27889498 PMCID: PMC5199771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a recessive disorder with bleeding diathesis, which has been linked to platelet granule defects. Both platelet granules and endothelial Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) are members of lysosome-related organelles (LROs) whose formation is regulated by HPS protein associated complexes such as BLOC (biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex) -1, -2, -3, AP-3 (adaptor protein complex-3) and HOPS (homotypic fusion and protein sorting complex). Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is critical to hemostasis, which is stored in a highly-multimerized form as tubules in the WPBs. In this study, we found the defective, but varying, release of VWF into plasma after desmopressin (DDAVP) stimulation in HPS1 (BLOC-3 subunit), HPS6 (BLOC-2 subunit), and HPS9 (BLOC-1 subunit) deficient mice. In particular, VWF tubulation, a critical step in VWF maturation, was impaired in HPS6 deficient WPBs. This likely reflects a defective endothelium, contributing to the bleeding tendency in HPS mice or patients. The differentially defective regulated release of VWF in these HPS mouse models suggests the need for precise HPS genotyping before DDAVP administration to HPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Pediatric Disease Research, Beijing 100045, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Janos Kriston-Vizi
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College of London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Daniel F Cutler
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College of London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Pediatric Disease Research, Beijing 100045, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China.
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7
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Sepúlveda C, Palomo I, Fuentes E. Primary and secondary haemostasis changes related to aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2015; 150:46-54. [PMID: 26296601 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy has increased in many countries as a result the world's population is aging. The projections indicate that the proportion of the elderly in a few decades will increase significantly. Aging carries with it a series of physiological changes; one of them is an imbalance in the hemostatic system. Thus the levels or activity of various proteins involved, such as most coagulation factors, natural anticoagulants and the fibrinolytic system are altered so that the hemostatic balance leans toward thrombosis. Also, platelet activity suggests a state of abnormal activation (P-selectin, beta thromboglobulin and platelet factor). In this review we will systematically examine the alterations in the hemostatic components that occur during aging. Therefore, understanding these hemostatic changes could contribute to developing strategies for the proper management of health in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Sepúlveda
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Iván Palomo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT- Regional, Gore Maule R09I2001, Chile.
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT- Regional, Gore Maule R09I2001, Chile.
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8
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Swieringa F, Lancé MD, Fuchs B, Feijge MAH, Solecka BA, Verheijen LPJ, Hughes KR, van Oerle R, Deckmyn H, Kannicht C, Heemskerk JWM, van der Meijden PEJ. Desmopressin treatment improves platelet function under flow in patients with postoperative bleeding. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1503-13. [PMID: 25988848 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients undergoing major cardiothoracic surgery are subjected to dilution, owing to massive fluid infusion and blood component transfusion. These patients may experience bleeding perioperatively, and are frequently treated with the endothelium-activating agent desmopressin. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of desmopressin administration on von Willebrand factor (VWF)-dependent coagulant and platelet functions under flow conditions. PATIENTS/METHODS Blood from 16 patients with postoperative bleeding was obtained before and after desmopressin treatment (0.3 μg kg(-1) body weight), and assessed for coagulant properties and platelet function. Furthermore, VWF antigen levels and multimer composition were determined in both samples. RESULTS Desmopressin treatment did not change thrombin generation in plasma or whole blood thromboelasticity. Also coagulation factor levels (other than factor VIII) and coagulation times were unchanged, suggesting that desmopressin treatment did not have a major effect on the coagulant activity. On the other hand, desmopressin treatment raised the already high plasma levels of VWF from a median of 116 IU mL(-1) (interquartile range [IQR] 102-154 IU mL(-1) ) to a median of 160 IU mL(-1) (IQR 126-187 IU mL(-1) ) (P = 0.007), owing to accumulation of the high molecular weight VWF multimers. Furthermore, desmopressin treatment caused an increase in collagen-dependent thrombus formation and platelet phosphatidylserine exposure. Markers of thrombus formation correlated with the plasma levels of VWF. In vitro control experiments confirmed a major contribution of VWF to thrombus formation and procoagulant activity under conditions of blood dilution. CONCLUSIONS Desmopressin treatment of patients with bleeding complications after cardiothoracic surgery induces the release of high molecular weight VWF multimers, which enhance platelet activation and thrombus formation under flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Swieringa
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M D Lancé
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - B Fuchs
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry Berlin, Octapharma R&D, Berlin, Germany
| | - M A H Feijge
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - B A Solecka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry Berlin, Octapharma R&D, Berlin, Germany
| | - L P J Verheijen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - K R Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R van Oerle
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H Deckmyn
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF-Life Sciences, KU Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - C Kannicht
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry Berlin, Octapharma R&D, Berlin, Germany
| | - J W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P E J van der Meijden
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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9
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Brzoska T, Tanaka-Murakami A, Suzuki Y, Sano H, Kanayama N, Urano T. Endogenously generated plasmin at the vascular wall injury site amplifies lysine binding site-dependent plasminogen accumulation in microthrombi. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122196. [PMID: 25806939 PMCID: PMC4373877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The fibrinolytic system plays a pivotal role in the regulation of hemostasis; however, it remains unclear how and when the system is triggered to induce thrombolysis. Using intra-vital confocal fluorescence microscopy, we investigated the process of plasminogen binding to laser-induced platelet-rich microthrombi generated in the mesenteric vein of transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). The accumulation of GFP-expressing platelets as well as exogenously infused Alexa Fluor 568-labeled Glu-plasminogen (Glu-plg) on the injured vessel wall was assessed by measuring the increase in the corresponding fluorescence intensities. Glu-plg accumulated in a time-dependent manner in the center of the microthrombus, where phosphatidylserine is exposed on platelet surfaces and fibrin formation takes place. The rates of binding of Glu-plg in the presence of ε-aminocaproic acid and carboxypeptidase B, as well as the rates of binding of mini-plasminogen lacking kringle domains 1-4 and lysine binding sites, were significantly lower than that of Glu-plg alone, suggesting that the binding was dependent on lysine binding sites. Furthermore, aprotinin significantly suppressed the accumulation of Glu-plg, suggesting that endogenously generated plasmin activity is a prerequisite for the accumulation. In spite of the endogenous generation of plasmin and accumulation of Glu-plg in the center of microthrombi, the microthrombi did not change in size during the 2-hour observation period. When human tissue plasminogen activator was administered intravenously, Glu-plg further accumulated and the microthrombi were lysed. Glu-plg appeared to accumulate in the center of microthrombi in the early phase of microthrombus formation, and plasmin activity and lysine binding sites were required for this accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Brzoska
- Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Aki Tanaka-Murakami
- Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuko Suzuki
- Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hideto Sano
- Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naohiro Kanayama
- Department of Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tetsumei Urano
- Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- * E-mail:
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10
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Wafa K, Lehmann C, Wagner L, Drzymulski I, Wegner A, Pavlovic D. Desmopressin improves intestinal functional capillary density and decreases leukocyte activation in experimental endotoxemia. Microvasc Res 2015; 97:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Johnson S, Rabinovitch P. Ex vivo imaging of excised tissue using vital dyes and confocal microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; Chapter 9:Unit 9.39. [PMID: 22752953 DOI: 10.1002/0471142956.cy0939s61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vital dyes routinely used for staining cultured cells can also be used to stain and image live tissue slices ex vivo. Staining tissue with vital dyes allows researchers to collect structural and functional data simultaneously and can be used for qualitative or quantitative fluorescent image collection. The protocols presented here are useful for structural and functional analysis of viable properties of cells in intact tissue slices, allowing for the collection of data in a structurally relevant environment. With these protocols, vital dyes can be applied as a research tool to disease processes and properties of tissue not amenable to cell culture-based studies.
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12
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Abstract
von Willebrand factor (VWF) is amongst others synthesized by endothelial cells and stored as ultra-large (UL) VWF multimers in Weibel-Palade bodies. Although UL-VWF is proteolysed by ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease domain with thrombospondin type-1 motif, number 13) on secretion from endothelial cells, in vitro experiments in the absence of ADAMTS13 have demonstrated that a proportion of these UL-VWF multimers remain anchored to the activated endothelium. These multimers unravel, bind platelets, and wave in the direction of the flow. These so-called VWF "strings" have also been visualized in vivo, lining the lumen of activated mesenteric veins of Adamts13(-/-) mice. Various studies have demonstrated the extraordinary length of these VWF strings, the availability of their platelet binding and ADAMTS13 cleavage sites, and the possible nature of their endothelial attachment. VWF strings are also capable of tethering leukocytes and parasite-infected red blood cells. However, the majority of studies have been performed in the absence of ADAMTS13, a condition only experienced in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. A normal functional role of VWF strings in healthy persons or in other disease pathologies remains unclear. In this review, we discuss some of the puzzling characteristics of VWF strings, and we debate whether the properties of VWF strings in the absence of ADAMTS13 might be relevant for understanding (patho)physiologic mechanisms.
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Della-Morte D, Beecham A, Dong C, Wang L, McClendon MS, Gardener H, Blanton SH, Sacco RL, Rundek T. Association between variations in coagulation system genes and carotid plaque. J Neurol Sci 2012; 323:93-8. [PMID: 22982001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic variation in coagulation and fibrinolysis may affect the development of subclinical atherosclerosis modifying the risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease. However, data on the relationship between subclinical atherosclerosis and genes involved in the coagulation system are sparse. The objective of this study is to examine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in coagulation system genes and subclinical carotid plaque phenotypes. METHODS From the Genetic Determinants of Subclinical Carotid Disease Study, 287 Dominicans were examined for carotid plaque presence, thickness, and surface irregularity by high-resolution B-mode carotid ultrasound. Logistic regression was used to test for association between 101 SNPs in 23 coagulation system genes and plaque phenotypes while controlling for age, sex, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Within gene haplotypes and interactions between genes were examined. A follow-up of SNPs in moderate to high (r(2)>0.25) linkage disequilibrium (LD) with those implicated in the discovery analysis (p ≤ 0.01) was performed in an independent sample of 301 Dominicans. RESULTS The prevalence of carotid plaque (47% discovery; 46% follow-up) as well as the mean age (65 ± 8 discovery; 65 ± 9 follow-up) of the participants was similar in both datasets. Two genes (vWF and THBS1) were associated (p ≤ 0.01) with plaque size and surface irregularity. In follow-up, 5 SNPs in vWF were associated (p ≤ 0.05) with plaque size. SERPINE1 was an additional gene of interest in the haplotype and interaction analyses. CONCLUSIONS Variation in the vWF, THBS1, and SERPINE1 gene may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Della-Morte
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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