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Jongejan YK, Linthorst NA, Schrader Echeverri E, Laan SNJ, Dirven RJ, Dahlman JE, van Vlijmen BJM, Denis CV, Eikenboom JCJ. Impact of allele-selective silencing of von Willebrand factor in mice based on a single nucleotide allelic difference in von Willebrand factor. Thromb Res 2024; 236:201-208. [PMID: 38461614 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Von Willebrand factor (VWF) plays a pathophysiological role in hemostatic disorders. Partial inhibition of the VWF gene through small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated allele-selective silencing could be a promising therapeutic strategy. For von Willebrand disease, allele-selectively inhibiting dominant-negative VWF-alleles might ameliorate the phenotype. For thrombotic disorders, partial VWF reduction can lower thrombotic risk, while avoiding bleeding. Previously, we demonstrated the feasibility of Vwf-silencing in homozygous C57BL/6J (B6) or 129S1/SvImJ (129S) mice. The present study investigated allele-selective Vwf-silencing in a complex heterozygous setting of crossed B6 and 129S mice and its subsequent hemostatic impact. MATERIALS AND METHODS Heterozygous B6.129S mice were treated with siRNAs targeting Vwf expressed from either B6- (siVwf.B6) or 129S-alleles (siVwf.129S). Plasma VWF and lung Vwf mRNA were determined. siVwf.B6-treated B6.129S mice were subjected to ferric chloride-induced mesenteric vessel thrombosis and tail-bleeding. RESULTS In B6.129S mice, siVwf.B6 reduced Vwf mRNA of the targeted B6-allele by 72% vs. only 12% of the non-targeted 129S-allele (41% total mRNA reduction), lowering plasma VWF by 46%. Oppositely, siVwf.129S reduced Vwf mRNA by 45%, now selectively inhibiting the 129S-allele over the B6-allele (58% vs. 9%), decreasing plasma VWF by 43%. The allele-selective VWF reduction by siVwf.B6 coincided with decreased thrombus formation in mesenteric arterioles, without prolonging tail-bleeding times. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the feasibility of allele-selective Vwf-silencing in a heterozygous setting, achieving a controlled close to 50% reduction of plasma VWF. The observed thromboprotection and absence of prolonged bleeding times underline the potential of allele-selective Vwf-silencing as a therapeutic strategy in hemostatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne K Jongejan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Noa A Linthorst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elisa Schrader Echeverri
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sebastiaan N J Laan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Richard J Dirven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - James E Dahlman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bart J M van Vlijmen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cécile V Denis
- Laboratory for Hemostasis, Inflammation and Thrombosis, Unité Mixed de Recherche S1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jeroen C J Eikenboom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Jongejan YK, Schrader Echeverri E, Dirven RJ, Paunovska K, Linthorst NA, de Jong A, Wellershoff JC, van der Gouw KD, van Vlijmen BJM, Dahlman JE, Eikenboom JCJ. Small interfering RNA-mediated allele-selective silencing of von Willebrand factor in vitro and in vivo. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6108-6119. [PMID: 37467023 PMCID: PMC10582391 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance in von Willebrand factor (VWF) may either lead to bleeding (von Willebrand disease, VWD) or thrombosis. Both disorders have shortcomings in the currently available treatments. VWF itself could be a potential therapeutic target because of its role in both bleeding and thrombosis. Inhibiting VWF gene expression through allele-selective silencing of VWF with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) could be a personalized approach to specifically inhibit mutant VWF in VWD or to normalize increased VWF levels in thrombotic disorders without complete VWF knockdown. Therefore, we investigated a method to allele-selectively silence the VWF gene in mice as a therapeutic strategy. Fourteen candidate siRNAs targeting murine Vwf of either the C57BL/6J (B6) or the 129S1/SvImJ (129S) strain were tested in vitro in cells expressing B6- and 129S-Vwf for inhibitory effect and allele-selective potential. Together with a nonselective siVwf, 2 lead candidate siRNAs, siVwf.B6 and siVwf.129S, were further tested in vivo in B6 and 129S mice. Efficient endothelial siRNA delivery was achieved by siRNA encapsulation into 7C1 oligomeric lipid nanoparticles. Treatment with the nonselective siVwf resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of up to 80% of both lung messenger RNA and plasma VWF protein in both mouse strains. In contrast, the allele-selective siVwf.B6 and siVwf.129S were shown to be effective in and selective solely for their corresponding mouse strain. To conclude, we showed efficient endothelial delivery of siRNAs that are highly effective in allele-selective inhibition of Vwf in mice, which constitutes an in vivo proof of principle of allele-selective VWF silencing as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne K. Jongejan
- Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Schrader Echeverri
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Richard J. Dirven
- Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kalina Paunovska
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Noa A. Linthorst
- Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annika de Jong
- Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes C. Wellershoff
- Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kim D. van der Gouw
- Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J. M. van Vlijmen
- Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - James E. Dahlman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jeroen C. J. Eikenboom
- Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Kroone C, Tieken C, Kocatürk B, Paauwe M, Blok EJ, Ünlü B, van den Berg YW, Stanganello E, Kapteijn MY, Swier N, Zhang X, Duits DEM, Lin Y, Oostenbrink LVE, van den Akker RFP, Mosnier LO, Hawinkels LJ, van Vlijmen BJM, Ruf W, Kuppen PJ, Cannegieter SC, Buijs JT, Versteeg HH. Tumor-expressed factor VII is associated with survival and regulates tumor progression in breast cancer. Blood Adv 2023; 7:2388-2400. [PMID: 36920782 PMCID: PMC10238845 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer enhances the risk of venous thromboembolism, but a hypercoagulant microenvironment also promotes cancer progression. Although anticoagulants have been suggested as a potential anticancer treatment, clinical studies on the effect of such modalities on cancer progression have not yet been successful for unknown reasons. In normal physiology, complex formation between the subendothelial-expressed tissue factor (TF) and the blood-borne liver-derived factor VII (FVII) results in induction of the extrinsic coagulation cascade and intracellular signaling via protease-activated receptors (PARs). In cancer, TF is overexpressed and linked to poor prognosis. Here, we report that increased levels of FVII are also observed in breast cancer specimens and are associated with tumor progression and metastasis to the liver. In breast cancer cell lines, tumor-expressed FVII drives changes reminiscent of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor cell invasion, and expression of the prometastatic genes, SNAI2 and SOX9. In vivo, tumor-expressed FVII enhanced tumor growth and liver metastasis. Surprisingly, liver-derived FVII appeared to inhibit metastasis. Finally, tumor-expressed FVII-induced prometastatic gene expression independent of TF but required a functional endothelial protein C receptor, whereas recombinant activated FVII acting via the canonical TF:PAR2 pathway inhibited prometastatic gene expression. Here, we propose that tumor-expressed FVII and liver-derived FVII have opposing effects on EMT and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Kroone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Tieken
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Begüm Kocatürk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon Paauwe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik J. Blok
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Betül Ünlü
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yascha W. van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eliana Stanganello
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Y. Kapteijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Swier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danique E. M. Duits
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yazhi Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa V. E. Oostenbrink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob F. P. van den Akker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lukas J. Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J. M. van Vlijmen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter J. Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne C. Cannegieter
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen T. Buijs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henri H. Versteeg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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4
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Camilleri E, van Rein N, van Vlijmen BJM, Biedermann JS, Kruip MJHA, Leebeek FW, van der Meer FJ, Cobbaert CM, Cannegieter SC, Lijfering WM. Influence of rosuvastatin on apolipoproteins and coagulation factor levels: Results from the STAtin Reduce Thrombophilia trial. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100063. [PMID: 36923709 PMCID: PMC10009537 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The STAtins Reduce Thrombophilia trial showed that, in patients with prior venous thrombosis, rosuvastatin decreased various coagulation factor levels. Objectives Here, we investigated the hypothesis that statins decrease coagulation factor levels through shared mechanisms of synthesis or regulatory pathways with apolipoproteins. Methods We measured the levels of apolipoprotein (Apo)A-I, A-II, A-IV, (a), B-100, B-total, C-I, C-II, C-III, and E in patients (n = 126) randomized to 28 days of rosuvastatin use. We assessed the association between apolipoproteins and coagulation factors at baseline using linear regression. The mean difference in apolipoprotein levels between baseline and after 28 days of rosuvastatin use was determined through linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index. Coagulation factors were added to this model to determine if the lowering of apolipoproteins by rosuvastatin was linked with coagulation factor levels. Results At baseline, levels of all apolipoproteins, except Apo(a), were positively associated with FVII, FIX, and FXI. Apolipoproteins levels, except for ApoA-I, A-IV, and Apo(a), were decreased after 28 days of rosuvastatin. ApoB-100 showed the largest mean decrease of -0.43 g/L (95% CI = -0.46 to -0.40). The decrease in ApoC-I and C-III levels was associated with a decrease in FVII, whereas the decrease in apoA-II, B-100, and B-total was associated with a decrease in FXI. The decrease in apolipoproteins was neither associated with FVIII or vWF decrease nor with endogenous thrombin potential changes. Conclusions Rosuvastatin decreases the level of several apolipoproteins, but this decrease was associated only with a decrease in FVII and XI and not with FVIII/vWF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Camilleri
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke van Rein
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bart J M van Vlijmen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joseph S Biedermann
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke J H A Kruip
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Thrombosis Service Star-shl, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank W Leebeek
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Felix J van der Meer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christa M Cobbaert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne C Cannegieter
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Willem M Lijfering
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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5
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Kreft IC, Winiarczyk RRA, Tanis FJ, van der Zwaan C, Schmitz KS, Hoogendijk AJ, de Swart RL, Moscona A, Porotto M, Salvatori DCF, de Vries RD, de Maat MPM, van den Biggelaar M, van Vlijmen BJM. Absence of COVID-19-associated changes in plasma coagulation proteins and pulmonary thrombosis in the ferret model. Thromb Res 2022; 210:6-11. [PMID: 34954402 PMCID: PMC8690567 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients who are diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) suffer from venous thromboembolic complications despite the use of stringent anticoagulant prophylaxis. Studies on the exact mechanism(s) underlying thrombosis in COVID-19 are limited as animal models commonly used to study venous thrombosis pathophysiology (i.e. rats and mice) are naturally not susceptible to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Ferrets are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, successfully used to study virus transmission, and have been previously used to study activation of coagulation and thrombosis during influenza virus infection. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the use of (heat-inactivated) plasma and lung material from SARS-CoV-2-inoculated ferrets studying COVID-19-associated changes in coagulation and thrombosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Histology and longitudinal plasma profiling using mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach was performed. RESULTS Lungs of ferrets inoculated intranasally with SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated alveolar septa that were mildly expanded by macrophages, and diffuse interstitial histiocytic pneumonia. However, no macroscopical or microscopical evidence of vascular thrombosis in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-inoculated ferrets was found. Longitudinal plasma profiling revealed minor differences in plasma protein profiles in SARS-CoV-2-inoculated ferrets up to 2 weeks post-infection. The majority of plasma coagulation factors were stable and demonstrated a low coefficient of variation. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that while ferrets are an essential and well-suited animal model to study SARS-CoV-2 transmission, their use to study SARS-CoV-2-related changes relevant to thrombotic disease is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris C Kreft
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roy R A Winiarczyk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fric J Tanis
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen van der Zwaan
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Arie J Hoogendijk
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Moscona
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matteo Porotto
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniela C F Salvatori
- Central Laboratory Animal Facility, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Anatomy and Physiology, Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Moniek P M de Maat
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Bart J M van Vlijmen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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6
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Jongejan YK, Eikenboom JCJ, Gijbels MJJ, Berbée JFP, van Vlijmen BJM. Atherothrombosis model by silencing of protein C in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP transgenic mice. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021; 52:715-719. [PMID: 34052976 PMCID: PMC8568858 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-021-02488-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Murine atherosclerosis models are key for investigation of atherosclerosis pathophysiology and drug development. However, they do not feature spontaneous atherothrombosis as a final stage of atherosclerosis. Transgenic mice expressing both the human mutant apolipoprotein E form APOE*3-Leiden and human cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), i.e. APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice, feature a moderate hyperlipoproteinemia and atherosclerosis phenotype. In contrast to apolipoprotein E deficient (Apoeˉ/ˉ) mice, APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice respond well to lipid-lowering and anti-atherosclerotic drugs. The aim of the study was to investigate whether silencing of anticoagulant Protein C (Proc) allows APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice to feature thrombosis as a final stage of atherosclerosis. Female APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice were fed a Western-type diet to induce advanced atherosclerosis, followed by an injection with a small interfering RNA targeting Proc (siProc). Presence of atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis was determined by histologic analysis of the aortic root. Atherosclerosis severity in the aortic root area of APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice varied from type “0” (no lesions) to type “V” lesions (advanced and complex lesions). Atherothrombosis following siProc injection was observed for 4 out of 21 APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice (19% incidence). The atherothrombosis presented as large, organized, fibrin- and leukocyte-rich thrombi on top of advanced (type “V”) atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic root. This atherothrombosis was comparable in appearance and incidence as previously reported for Apoeˉ/ˉ mice with a more severe atherosclerosis (19% incidence). APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice with modest hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis can develop atherothrombosis upon transient Proc-silencing. This further extends the use of these mice as a test model for lipid-lowering and anti-atherosclerotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne K Jongejan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen C J Eikenboom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marion J J Gijbels
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jimmy F P Berbée
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J M van Vlijmen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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7
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Zirka G, Robert P, Tilburg J, Tishkova V, Maracle CX, Legendre P, van Vlijmen BJM, Alessi MC, Lenting PJ, Morange PE, Thomas GM. Impaired adhesion of neutrophils expressing Slc44a2/HNA-3b to VWF protects against NETosis under venous shear rates. Blood 2021; 137:2256-2266. [PMID: 33556175 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies linked expression of the human neutrophil antigen 3b (HNA-3b) epitope on the Slc44a2 protein with a 30% decreased risk of venous thrombosis (VT) in humans. Slc44a2 is a ubiquitous transmembrane protein identified as a receptor for von Willebrand factor (VWF). To explain the link between Slc44a2 and VT, we wanted to determine how Slc44a2 expressing either HNA-3a or HNA-3b on neutrophils could modulate their adhesion and activation on VWF under flow. Transfected HEK293T cells or neutrophils homozygous for the HNA-3a- or HNA-3b-coding allele were purified from healthy donors and perfused in flow chambers coated with VWF at venous shear rates (100 s-1). HNA-3a expression was required for Slc44a2-mediated neutrophil adhesion to VWF at 100 s-1. This adhesion could occur independently of β2 integrin and was enhanced when neutrophils were preactivated with lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, specific shear conditions with high neutrophil concentration could act as a "second hit," inducing the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Neutrophil mobilization was also measured by intravital microscopy in venules from SLC44A2-knockout and wild-type mice after histamine-induced endothelial degranulation. Mice lacking Slc44a2 showed a massive reduction in neutrophil recruitment in inflamed mesenteric venules. Our results show that Slc44a2/HNA-3a is important for the adhesion and activation of neutrophils in veins under inflammation and when submitted to specific shears. The fact that neutrophils expressing Slc44a2/HNA-3b have a different response on VWF in the conditions tested could thus explain the association between HNA-3b and a reduced risk for VT in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaïa Zirka
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Robert
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INSERM, Adhesion and Inflammation Laboratory, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Julia Tilburg
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria Tishkova
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Marseille, France
| | - Chrissta X Maracle
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paulette Legendre
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR-S) 1176, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin- Bicêtre, France; and
| | - Bart J M van Vlijmen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Christine Alessi
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, AP-HM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Peter J Lenting
- INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR-S) 1176, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin- Bicêtre, France; and
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Morange
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Marseille, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, AP-HM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Grace M Thomas
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Marseille, France
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8
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de Jong A, Dirven RJ, Boender J, Atiq F, Anvar SY, Leebeek FWG, van Vlijmen BJM, Eikenboom J. Ex vivo Improvement of a von Willebrand Disease Type 2A Phenotype Using an Allele-Specific Small-Interfering RNA. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120:1569-1579. [PMID: 32803740 PMCID: PMC7649061 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder and is mainly caused by dominant-negative mutations in the multimeric protein von Willebrand factor (VWF). These mutations may either result in quantitative or qualitative defects in VWF. VWF is an endothelial protein that is secreted to the circulation upon endothelial activation. Once secreted, VWF multimers bind platelets and chaperone coagulation factor VIII in the circulation. Treatment of VWD focuses on increasing VWF plasma levels, but production and secretion of mutant VWF remain uninterrupted. Presence of circulating mutant VWF might, however, still affect normal hemostasis or functionalities of VWF beyond hemostasis. We hypothesized that inhibition of the production of mutant VWF improves the function of VWF overall and ameliorates VWD phenotypes. We previously proposed the use of allele-specific small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that target frequent
VWF
single nucleotide polymorphisms to inhibit mutant
VWF
. The aim of this study is to prove the functionality of these allele-specific siRNAs in endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs). We isolated ECFCs from a VWD type 2A patient with an intracellular multimerization defect, reduced VWF collagen binding, and a defective processing of proVWF to VWF. After transfection of an allele-specific siRNA that specifically inhibited expression of mutant VWF, we showed amelioration of the laboratory phenotype, with normalization of the VWF collagen binding, improvement in VWF multimers, and enhanced VWF processing. Altogether, we prove that allele-specific inhibition of the production of mutant VWF by siRNAs is a promising therapeutic strategy to improve VWD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika de Jong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Richard J Dirven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Boender
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdows Atiq
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Seyed Yahya Anvar
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank W G Leebeek
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J M van Vlijmen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Eikenboom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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9
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Tilburg J, Coenen DM, Zirka G, Dólleman S, van Oeveren‐Rietdijk AM, Karel MFA, de Boer HC, Cosemans JMEM, Versteeg HH, Morange PE, van Vlijmen BJM, Maracle CX, Thomas GM. SLC44A2 deficient mice have a reduced response in stenosis but not in hypercoagulability driven venous thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:1714-1727. [PMID: 32297475 PMCID: PMC7383581 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome wide association studies (GWAS) identified SLC44A2 as a novel susceptibility gene for venous thrombosis (VT) and previous work established that SLC44A2 contributed to clot formation upon vascular injury. OBJECTIVE To further investigate the role of SLC44A2 in VT by utilizing SLC44A2 deficient mice (Slc44a2-/- ) in two representative disease models. METHODS Mice were included in a hypercoagulability model driven by siRNA-mediated hepatic gene silencing of anticoagulants Serpinc1 (antithrombin) and Proc (protein C) and a flow restriction (stenosis) model induced by partial ligation of the inferior vena cava. RESULTS In the hypercoagulability model, no effect in onset was observed in Slc44a2-/- animals; however, a drop in plasma fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor coinciding with an increase in blood neutrophils was recorded. In the neutrophil dependent stenosis model after 48 hours, Slc44a2-/- mice had significantly smaller thrombi both in length and weight with less platelet accumulation as a percentage of the total thrombus area. During the initiation of thrombosis at 6 hours post-stenosis, Slc44a2-/- mice also had smaller thrombi both in length and weight, with circulating platelets remaining elevated in Slc44a2-/- animals. Platelet activation and aggregation under both static- and venous and arterial shear conditions were normal for blood from Slc44a2-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS These studies corroborate the original GWAS findings and establish a contributing role for SLC44A2 during the initiation of VT, with indications that this may be related to platelet-neutrophil interaction. The precise mechanism however remains elusive and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tilburg
- Division of Thrombosis and HemostasisDepartment of Internal MedicineEinthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle M. Coenen
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Gaia Zirka
- Aix‐Marseille UnivINSERMINRAC2VNMarseilleFrance
| | - Sophie Dólleman
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineEinthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M. van Oeveren‐Rietdijk
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineEinthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Mieke F. A. Karel
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Hetty C. de Boer
- Division of NephrologyDepartment of Internal MedicineEinthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Judith M. E. M. Cosemans
- Department of BiochemistryCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtthe Netherlands
| | - Henri H. Versteeg
- Division of Thrombosis and HemostasisDepartment of Internal MedicineEinthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Pierre E. Morange
- Aix‐Marseille UnivINSERMINRAC2VNMarseilleFrance
- APHMCHU de la TimoneLaboratoire d’hématologieMarseilleFrance
| | - Bart J. M. van Vlijmen
- Division of Thrombosis and HemostasisDepartment of Internal MedicineEinthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Chrissta X. Maracle
- Division of Thrombosis and HemostasisDepartment of Internal MedicineEinthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
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10
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Tilburg J, Michaud SA, Maracle CX, Versteeg HH, Borchers CH, van Vlijmen BJM, Mohammed Y. Plasma Protein Signatures of a Murine Venous Thrombosis Model and Slc44a2 Knockout Mice Using Quantitative-Targeted Proteomics. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120:423-436. [PMID: 32135565 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1702229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The plasma compartment of the blood holds important information on the risk to develop cardiovascular diseases such as venous thrombosis (VT). Mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomics with internal standards quantifies proteins in multiplex allowing generation of signatures associated with a disease or a condition. Here, to demonstrate the method, we investigate the plasma protein signatures in mice following the onset of VT, which was induced by RNA interference targeting the natural anticoagulants antithrombin and protein C. We then study mice lacking Slc44a2, which was recently characterized as a VT-susceptibility gene in human genome-wide association studies. We use a recently developed panel of 375 multiplexed mouse protein assays measured by mass spectrometry. A strong plasma protein siganture was observed when VT was induced. Discriminators included acute phase response proteins, and proteins related to erythrocyte function. In mice lacking Slc44a2, protein signature was primarily overruled by the difference between sexes and not by the absent gene. Upon separate analyses for males and females, we were able to establish a signature for Slc44a2 deficiency, in which glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule-1 and thrombospondin-1 were shared by both sexes. The minimal impact of Slc44a2 deficiency on the measured plasma proteins suggests that the main effect of Slc44a2 on VT does not lay ultimately in the plasma compartment. This suggests further investigation into the role of this VT-susceptibility gene should perhaps also question the possible involvement in cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tilburg
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah A Michaud
- UVic-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Chrissta X Maracle
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Henri H Versteeg
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph H Borchers
- UVic-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Molecular Pathology, Jewish General Hospital Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Bart J M van Vlijmen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yassene Mohammed
- UVic-Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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11
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Fontaine MAC, Westra MM, Bot I, Jin H, Franssen AJPM, Bot M, de Jager SCA, Dzhagalov I, He YW, van Vlijmen BJM, Gijbels MJJ, Reutelingsperger CP, van Berkel TJC, Sluimer JC, Temmerman L, Biessen EAL. Low human and murine Mcl-1 expression leads to a pro-apoptotic plaque phenotype enriched in giant-cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14547. [PMID: 31601924 PMCID: PMC6787218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-apoptotic protein myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) plays an important role in survival and differentiation of leukocytes, more specifically of neutrophils. Here, we investigated the impact of myeloid Mcl-1 deletion in atherosclerosis. Western type diet fed LDL receptor-deficient mice were transplanted with either wild-type (WT) or LysMCre Mcl-1fl/fl (Mcl-1−/−) bone marrow. Mcl-1 myeloid deletion resulted in enhanced apoptosis and lipid accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques. In vitro, Mcl-1 deficient macrophages also showed increased lipid accumulation, resulting in increased sensitivity to lipid-induced cell death. However, plaque size, necrotic core and macrophage content were similar in Mcl-1−/− compared to WT mice, most likely due to decreased circulating and plaque-residing neutrophils. Interestingly, Mcl-1−/− peritoneal foam cells formed up to 45% more multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) in vitro compared to WT, which concurred with an increased MGC presence in atherosclerotic lesions of Mcl-1−/− mice. Moreover, analysis of human unstable atherosclerotic lesions also revealed a significant inverse correlation between MGC lesion content and Mcl-1 gene expression, coinciding with the mouse data. Taken together, these findings suggest that myeloid Mcl-1 deletion leads to a more apoptotic, lipid and MGC-enriched phenotype. These potentially pro-atherogenic effects are however counteracted by neutropenia in circulation and plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux A C Fontaine
- Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke M Westra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Han Jin
- Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Aimée J P M Franssen
- Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martine Bot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia C A de Jager
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ivan Dzhagalov
- Institue of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - You-Wen He
- Institue of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Bart J M van Vlijmen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marion J J Gijbels
- Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Chris P Reutelingsperger
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Theo J C van Berkel
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Judith C Sluimer
- Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lieve Temmerman
- Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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12
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Tilburg J, Adili R, Nair TS, Hawley ME, Tuk DC, Jackson M, Spronk HM, Versteeg HH, Carey TE, van Vlijmen BJM, Maracle CX, Holinstat M. Characterization of hemostasis in mice lacking the novel thrombosis susceptibility gene Slc44a2. Thromb Res 2018; 171:155-159. [PMID: 30312801 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent genome wide association studies (GWAS) identified a novel susceptibility locus for thrombosis, harbouring the SLC44A2 gene which encodes the Solute Carrier Family 44 Member 2 protein (SLC44A2). Thus far, SLC44A2 has not been studied in the context of thrombosis, and may be a unique contributor to thrombotic disease. Here we utilize mice lacking SLC44A2 (Slc44a2-/-) to evaluate a possible role of SLC44A2 in hemostasis. METHODS Slc44a2-/- mice were evaluated in key aspects of normal hemostasis including a challenge of vascular damage by applying laser induced injury to the cremaster muscle arteriole. RESULTS Slc44a2-/- mice had comparable levels of thrombin generation and gene expression of coagulation related genes, as compared to littermate wild type controls. Lower levels of circulating plasma Von Willebrand factor (VWF) were measured in Slc44a2-/- mice, while no difference in VWF multimerization or vascular localization was detected. Upon in vivo laser injury of the cremaster arterioles, we detected an impairment of clot formation for Slc44a2-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Although mice lacking SLC44A2 are normal for several hemostasis parameters, we do observe a reduction of plasma VWF levels and an altered response upon vascular damage, which suggests that SLC44A2 contributes to hemostasis upon injury. These findings are in line with the reported GWAS data and support further research on SLC44A2 in thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tilburg
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Reheman Adili
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thankam S Nair
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Megan E Hawley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David C Tuk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Madeline Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Henri M Spronk
- Laboratory for Clinical Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henri H Versteeg
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas E Carey
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bart J M van Vlijmen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chrissta X Maracle
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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13
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Ouweneel AB, Heestermans M, Verwilligen RAF, Gijbels MJJ, Reitsma PH, Van Eck M, van Vlijmen BJM. Silencing of Anticoagulant Protein C Evokes Low-Incident but Spontaneous Atherothrombosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:782-785. [PMID: 28302625 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Murine atherosclerosis models do not spontaneously develop atherothrombotic complications. We investigated whether disruption of natural anticoagulation allows preexisting atherosclerotic plaques to progress toward an atherothrombotic phenotype. APPROACH AND RESULTS On lowering of plasma protein C levels with small interfering RNA (siProc) in 8-week Western-type diet-fed atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, 1 out of 4 mice displayed a large, organized, and fibrin- and leukocyte-rich thrombus on top of an advanced atherosclerotic plaque located in the aortic root. Although again at low incidence (3 in 25), comparable thrombi at the same location were observed during a second independent experiment in 9-week Western-type diet-fed apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Mice with thrombi on their atherosclerotic plaques did not show other abnormalities and had equally lowered plasma protein C levels as siProc-treated apolipoprotein E-deficient mice without thrombi. Fibrinogen and thrombin-antithrombin concentrations and blood platelet numbers were also comparable, and plaques in siProc mice with thrombi had a similar composition and size as plaques in siProc mice without thrombi. Seven out of 25 siProc mice featured clots in the left atrium of the heart. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of protein C in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice creates a condition that allows the occurrence of spontaneous atherothrombosis, albeit at a low incidence. Lowering natural anticoagulation in atherosclerosis models may help to discover factors that increase atherothrombotic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber B Ouweneel
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands (A.B.O., R.A.F.V., M.v.E.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.H., P.H.R., B.J.M.v.V.), and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (M.H., P.H.R., B.J.M.v.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.J.G.); and Department of Medical Biochemistry, The Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.J.G.)
| | - Marco Heestermans
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands (A.B.O., R.A.F.V., M.v.E.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.H., P.H.R., B.J.M.v.V.), and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (M.H., P.H.R., B.J.M.v.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.J.G.); and Department of Medical Biochemistry, The Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.J.G.)
| | - Robin A F Verwilligen
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands (A.B.O., R.A.F.V., M.v.E.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.H., P.H.R., B.J.M.v.V.), and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (M.H., P.H.R., B.J.M.v.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.J.G.); and Department of Medical Biochemistry, The Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.J.G.)
| | - Marion J J Gijbels
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands (A.B.O., R.A.F.V., M.v.E.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.H., P.H.R., B.J.M.v.V.), and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (M.H., P.H.R., B.J.M.v.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.J.G.); and Department of Medical Biochemistry, The Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.J.G.)
| | - Pieter H Reitsma
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands (A.B.O., R.A.F.V., M.v.E.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.H., P.H.R., B.J.M.v.V.), and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (M.H., P.H.R., B.J.M.v.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.J.G.); and Department of Medical Biochemistry, The Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.J.G.)
| | - Miranda Van Eck
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands (A.B.O., R.A.F.V., M.v.E.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.H., P.H.R., B.J.M.v.V.), and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (M.H., P.H.R., B.J.M.v.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.J.G.); and Department of Medical Biochemistry, The Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.J.G.)
| | - Bart J M van Vlijmen
- From the Division of Biopharmaceutics, Cluster BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands (A.B.O., R.A.F.V., M.v.E.); Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (M.H., P.H.R., B.J.M.v.V.), and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (M.H., P.H.R., B.J.M.v.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands (M.J.J.G.); and Department of Medical Biochemistry, The Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.J.G.).
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Heestermans M, Cunha MLR, Reitsma PH, Zeerleder SS, Middeldorp S, van Vlijmen BJM. Circulating nucleosomes and elastase α1-antitrypsin complexes and the novel thrombosis susceptibility locus SLC44A2. Thromb Res 2016; 142:8-10. [PMID: 27093231 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Heestermans
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marisa L R Cunha
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter H Reitsma
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha S Zeerleder
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin-Amsterdam Medical Center Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Middeldorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J M van Vlijmen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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15
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Tang SC, Kort A, Cheung KL, Rosing H, Fukami T, Durmus S, Wagenaar E, Hendrikx JJMA, Nakajima M, van Vlijmen BJM, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. P-glycoprotein, CYP3A, and Plasma Carboxylesterase Determine Brain Disposition and Oral Availability of the Novel Taxane Cabazitaxel (Jevtana) in Mice. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3714-23. [PMID: 26317243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to clarify the roles of the multidrug-detoxifying proteins ABCB1, ABCG2, ABCC2, and CYP3A in oral availability and brain accumulation of cabazitaxel, a taxane developed for improved therapy of docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer. Cabazitaxel pharmacokinetics were studied in Abcb1a/1b, Abcg2, Abcc2, Cyp3a, and combination knockout mice. We found that human ABCB1, but not ABCG2, transported cabazitaxel in vitro. Upon oral cabazitaxel administration, total plasma levels were greatly increased due to binding to plasma carboxylesterase Ces1c, which is highly upregulated in several knockout strains. Ces1c inhibition and in vivo hepatic Ces1c knockdown reversed these effects. Correcting for Ces1c effects, Abcb1a/1b, Abcg2, and Abcc2 did not restrict cabazitaxel oral availability, whereas Abcb1a/1b, but not Abcg2, dramatically reduced cabazitaxel brain accumulation (>10-fold). Coadministration of the ABCB1 inhibitor elacridar completely reversed this brain accumulation effect. After correction for Ces1c effects, Cyp3a knockout mice demonstrated a strong (six-fold) increase in cabazitaxel oral availability, which was completely reversed by transgenic human CYP3A4 in intestine and liver. Cabazitaxel markedly inhibited mouse Ces1c, but human CES1 and CES2 only weakly. Ces1c upregulation can thus complicate preclinical cabazitaxel studies. In summary, ABCB1 limits cabazitaxel brain accumulation and therefore potentially therapeutic efficacy against (micro)metastases or primary tumors positioned wholly or partly behind a functional blood-brain barrier. This can be reversed with elacridar coadministration, and similar effects may apply to ABCB1-expressing tumors. CYP3A4 profoundly reduces the oral availability of cabazitaxel. This may potentially be greatly improved by coadministering ritonavir or other CYP3A inhibitors, suggesting the option of patient-friendly oral cabazitaxel therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seng Chuan Tang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute , 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Kort
- Department of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute , 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek , 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ka Lei Cheung
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Rosing
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek , 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tatsuki Fukami
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Selvi Durmus
- Department of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute , 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Els Wagenaar
- Department of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute , 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J M A Hendrikx
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek , 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miki Nakajima
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Bart J M van Vlijmen
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center , 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek , 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University , 3512 JE Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred H Schinkel
- Department of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute , 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Cleuren ACA, Blankevoort VT, van Diepen JA, Verhoef D, Voshol PJ, Reitsma PH, van Vlijmen BJM. Changes in Dietary Fat Content Rapidly Alters the Mouse Plasma Coagulation Profile without Affecting Relative Transcript Levels of Coagulation Factors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131859. [PMID: 26176620 PMCID: PMC4503443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with a hypercoagulable state and increased risk for thrombotic cardiovascular events. Objective Establish the onset and reversibility of the hypercoagulable state during the development and regression of nutritionally-induced obesity in mice, and its relation to transcriptional changes and clearance rates of coagulation factors as well as its relation to changes in metabolic and inflammatory parameters. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low fat (10% kcal as fat; LFD) or high fat diet (45% kcal as fat; HFD) for 2, 4, 8 or 16 weeks. To study the effects of weight loss, mice were fed the HFD for 16 weeks and switched to the LFD for 1, 2 or 4 weeks. For each time point analyses of plasma and hepatic mRNA levels of coagulation factors were performed after overnight fasting, as well as measurements of circulating metabolic and inflammatory parameters. Furthermore, in vivo clearance rates of human factor (F) VII, FVIII and FIX proteins were determined after 2 weeks of HFD-feeding. Results HFD feeding gradually increased the body and liver weight, which was accompanied by a significant increase in plasma glucose levels from 8 weeks onwards, while insulin levels were affected after 16 weeks. Besides a transient rise in cytokine levels at 2 weeks after starting the HFD, no significant effect on inflammation markers was present. Increased plasma levels of fibrinogen, FII, FVII, FVIII, FIX, FXI and FXII were observed in mice on a HFD for 2 weeks, which in general persisted throughout the 16 weeks of HFD-feeding. Interestingly, with the exception of FXI the effects on plasma coagulation levels were not paralleled by changes in relative transcript levels in the liver, nor by decreased clearance rates. Switching from HFD to LFD reversed the HFD-induced procoagulant shift in plasma, again not coinciding with transcriptional modulation. Conclusions Changes in dietary fat content rapidly alter the mouse plasma coagulation profile, thereby preceding plasma metabolic changes, which cannot be explained by changes in relative expression of coagulation factors or decreased clearance rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey C. A. Cleuren
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vicky T. Blankevoort
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Janna A. van Diepen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Daniël Verhoef
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Voshol
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter H. Reitsma
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bart J. M. van Vlijmen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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17
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Salloum-Asfar S, Boelen A, Reitsma PH, van Vlijmen BJM. The immediate and late effects of thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine) on murine coagulation gene transcription. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127469. [PMID: 26011296 PMCID: PMC4444115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid dysfunction is associated with changes in coagulation. The aim of our study was to gain more insight into the role of thyroid hormone in coagulation control. C57Black/6J mice received a low-iodine diet and drinking water supplemented with perchlorate to suppress endogenous triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) production. Under these conditions, the impact of exogenous T3 on plasma coagulation, and hepatic and vessel-wall-associated coagulation gene transcription was studied in a short- (4 hours) and long-term (14 days) setting. Comparing euthyroid conditions (normal mice), with hypothyroidism (conditions of a shortage of thyroid hormone) and those with replacement by incremental doses of T3, dosages of 0 and 0.5 μg T3/mouse/day were selected to study the impact of T3 on coagulation gene transcription. Under these conditions, a single injection of T3 injection increased strongly hepatic transcript levels of the well-characterized T3-responsive genes deiodinase type 1 (Dio1) and Spot14 within 4 hours. This coincided with significantly reduced mRNA levels of Fgg, Serpinc1, Proc, Proz, and Serpin10, and the reduction of the latter three persisted upon daily treatment with T3 for 14 days. Prolonged T3 treatment induced a significant down-regulation in factor (F) 2, F9 and F10 transcript levels, while F11 and F12 levels increased. Activity levels in plasma largely paralleled these mRNA changes. Thbd transcript levels in the lung (vessel-wall-associated coagulation) were significantly up-regulated after a single T3 injection, and persisted upon prolonged T3 exposure. Two-week T3 administration also resulted in increased Vwf and Tfpi mRNA levels, whereas Tf levels decreased. These data showed that T3 has specific effects on coagulation, with Fgg, Serpinc1, Proc, Proz, Serpin10 and Thbd responding rapidly, making these likely direct thyroid hormone receptor targets. F2, F9, F10, F11, F12, Vwf, Tf and Tfpi are late responding genes and probably indirectly modulated by T3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salam Salloum-Asfar
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Anita Boelen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter H. Reitsma
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bart J. M. van Vlijmen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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18
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Safdar H, Cleuren ACA, Cheung KL, Gonzalez FJ, Vos HL, Inoue Y, Reitsma PH, van Vlijmen BJM. Regulation of the F11, Klkb1, Cyp4v3 gene cluster in livers of metabolically challenged mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74637. [PMID: 24066149 PMCID: PMC3774739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a 4q35.2 locus that harbors the coagulation factor XI (F11), prekallikrein (KLKB1), and a cytochrome P450 family member (CYP4V2) genes are associated with deep venous thrombosis (DVT). These SNPs exert their effect on DVT by modifying the circulating levels of FXI. However, SNPs associated with DVT were not necessarily all in F11, but also in KLKB1 and CYP4V2. Here, we searched for evidence for common regulatory elements within the 4q35.2 locus, outside the F11 gene, that might control FXI plasma levels and/or DVT risk. To this end, we investigated the regulation of the orthologous mouse gene cluster under several metabolic conditions that impact mouse hepatic F11 transcription. In livers of mice in which HNF4α, a key transcription factor controlling F11, was ablated, or reduced by siRNA, a strong decrease in hepatic F11 transcript levels was observed that correlated with Cyp4v3 (mouse orthologue of CYP4V2), but not by Klkb1 levels. Estrogens induced hepatic F11 and Cyp4v3, but not Klkb1 transcript levels, whereas thyroid hormone strongly induced hepatic F11 transcript levels, and reduced Cyp4v3, leaving Klkb1 levels unaffected. Mice fed a high-fat diet also had elevated F11 transcription, markedly paralleled by an induction of Klkb1 and Cyp4v3 expression. We conclude that within the mouse F11, Klkb1, Cyp4v3 gene cluster, F11 and Cyp4v3 frequently display striking parallel transcriptional responses suggesting the presence of shared regulatory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Safdar
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Audrey C. A. Cleuren
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ka Lei Cheung
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hans L. Vos
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan
| | - Pieter H. Reitsma
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J. M. van Vlijmen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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19
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Safdar H, Cheung KL, Vos HL, Gonzalez FJ, Reitsma PH, Inoue Y, van Vlijmen BJM. Modulation of mouse coagulation gene transcription following acute in vivo delivery of synthetic small interfering RNAs targeting HNF4α and C/EBPα. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38104. [PMID: 22675511 PMCID: PMC3365905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) are important for the transcriptional control of coagulation factors. To determine in vivo the direct role of HNF4α and C/EBPα in control of genes encoding coagulation factors, a synthetic small interfering (si)RNA approach was used that enabled strong reduction of mouse hepatic HNF4α and C/EBPα under conditions that minimized target-related secondary effects. For both HNF4α and C/EBPα, intravenous injection of specific synthetic siRNAs (siHNF4α and siC/EBPα) resulted in more than 75% reduction in their liver transcript and protein levels 2 days post-injection. For siHNF4α, this coincided with marked and significantly reduced transcript levels of the coagulation genes Hrg, Proz, Serpina5, F11, F12, F13b, Serpinf2, F5, and F9 (in order of magnitude of effect) as compared to levels in control siRNA injected animals. Significant decreases in HNF4α target gene mRNA levels were also observed at 5 days post-siRNA injection, despite a limited level of HNF4α knockdown at this time point. Compared to HNF4α, C/EBPα knockdown had a modest impact on genes encoding coagulation factors. A strong reduction in C/EBPα transcript and protein levels resulted in significantly affected transcript levels of the control genes Pck1 and Fasn and a modest downregulation for coagulation genes Fba, Fbg and F5. F5 and F11 were the sole coagulation genes that were significantly affected upon prolonged (5 day) C/EBPα knockdown. We conclude that in the mouse, HNF4α has a direct and essential regulatory role for multiple hepatic coagulation genes, while a role for C/EBPα is more restricted. In addition, this study demonstrates that synthetic siRNA provides a simple and fast means for determining liver transcription factor involvement in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Safdar
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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20
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Zadelaar SM, Boesten LSM, Pires NMM, van Nieuwkoop A, Biessen EAL, Jukema W, Havekes LM, van Vlijmen BJM, Willems van Dijk K. Local Cre-mediated gene recombination in vascular smooth muscle cells in mice. Transgenic Res 2009; 15:31-6. [PMID: 16475008 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-005-3226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Accepted: 09/17/2005] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe a means to conditionally modify genes at a predefined and localized region of the vasculature using a perivascular drug delivery device (PDD). A 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT)-eluting PDD was applied around the carotid or femoral artery of a mouse strain carrying both the tamoxifen-inducible and smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific Cre-recombinase (SM-Cre-ER(T2)) transgene and a stop-floxed beta-galactosidase gene in the Rosa26 locus: the SM-CreER(T2)(ki)/rosa26 mouse. A dose and time curve of 0-10% (w/w) 4-OHT and 0-14 days application of the PDD in SM-CreER(T2)(ki)/rosa26 mice showed optimal gene recombination at 1% (w/w) 4-OHT loading at 7 days post application (carotid artery 2.4+/-1.8%; femoral artery 4.0+/-3.8% of SMCs). The unique 4-OHT-eluting PDD allowed us to achieve SMC-specific recombination in the same order of magnitude as compared to systemic tamoxifen administration. In addition, recombination was completely confined to the PDD-treated vessel wall segment. Thus, local application of a 4-OHT-eluting PDD results in vascular SMC-specific Cre-mediated recombination in SM-CreER(T2)(ki)/rosa26 mice without affecting additional SMCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Integrases/genetics
- Integrases/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Recombination, Genetic/drug effects
- Tamoxifen/analogs & derivatives
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M Zadelaar
- Department of Cardiology, p/o TNO-Quality of Life Gaubius Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Centre, Zernikedreef 9, P.O. Box 2215, 2301 CE, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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21
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Hu L, van der Hoogt CC, Espirito Santo SMS, Out R, Kypreos KE, van Vlijmen BJM, Van Berkel TJC, Romijn JA, Havekes LM, van Dijk KW, Rensen PCN. The hepatic uptake of VLDL in lrp-ldlr-/-vldlr-/- mice is regulated by LPL activity and involves proteoglycans and SR-BI. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:1553-61. [PMID: 18367731 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m800130-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LPL activity plays an important role in preceding the VLDL remnant clearance via the three major apolipoprotein E (apoE)-recognizing receptors: the LDL receptor (LDLr), LDL receptor-related protein (LRP), and VLDL receptor (VLDLr). The aim of this study was to determine whether LPL activity is also important for VLDL remnant clearance irrespective of these receptors and to determine the mechanisms involved in the hepatic remnant uptake. Administration of an adenovirus expressing LPL (AdLPL) into lrp(-)ldlr(-/-)vldlr(-/-) mice reduced both VLDL-triglyceride (TG) and VLDL-total cholesterol (TC) levels. Conversely, inhibition of LPL by AdAPOC1 increased plasma VLDL-TG and VLDL-TC levels. Metabolic studies with radiolabeled VLDL-like emulsion particles showed that the clearance and hepatic association of their remnants positively correlated with LPL activity. This hepatic association was independent of the bridging function of LPL and HL, since heparin did not reduce the liver association. In vitro studies demonstrated that VLDL-like emulsion particles avidly bound to the cell surface of primary hepatocytes from lrp(-)ldlr(-/-)vldlr(-/-) mice, followed by slow internalization, and involved heparin-releaseable cell surface proteins as well as scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). Collectively, we conclude that hepatic VLDL remnant uptake in the absence of the three classical apoE-recognizing receptors is regulated by LPL activity and involves heparan sulfate proteoglycans and SR-BI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Hu
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research-Quality of Life, Gaubius Laboratory, 2301 CE Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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Pons D, Monraats PS, de Maat MPM, Pires NMM, Quax PHA, van Vlijmen BJM, Rosendaal FR, Zwinderman AH, Doevendans PAFM, Waltenberger J, de Winter RJ, Tio RA, Frants RR, van der Laarse A, van der Wall EE, Jukema JW. The influence of established genetic variation in the haemostatic system on clinical restenosis after percutaneous coronary interventions. Thromb Haemost 2007; 98:1323-1328. [PMID: 18064331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Since activation of the haemostatic system is an important feature of the wound healing response triggered by arterial injury, variations in genes involved in thrombus formation may play a role in restenosis after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Therefore, our aim was to examine the relationship between polymorphisms that are known to play a role in the haemostatic system and the risk of clinical restenosis in the GENetic DEterminants of Restenosis (GENDER) study, a multicenter prospective study design that enrolled 3,104 consecutive patients after successful PCI. Target vessel revascularization (TVR) was the primary endpoint. All patients were genotyped for six polymorphisms in the Factor II, Factor V, Factor VII and PAI-1 genes. The PAI-1 4G variant was associated with an increased risk of TVR. When compared to 5G/5G homozygotes, heterozygous patients were at higher risk for TVR (HR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.05-2.03), whereas patients with the 4G/4G genotype had an even further increased risk (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.19-2.41). In contrast, the factor V 506Gln (factor V Leiden) amino acid substitution was associated with a decreased risk of TVR (HR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.19-0.86). Our findings indicate that polymorphisms in the factorV and PAI-1 genes may play a role in the process of restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douwe Pons
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, C5-P, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
During the last 15 years, transgenic mice have been generated that carry defective and/or mutant alleles of the natural anticoagulant pathways and display a spontaneous thrombotic phenotype. With the generation of these mouse lines, better opportunities became available for investigating both existing and novel risk factors for venous thrombosis. In addition, these models could serve as a tool for evaluating novel antithrombotic strategies. This review summarizes these mouse models and evaluates whether they have fulfilled the expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey C A Cleuren
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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24
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Zadelaar ASM, Boesten LSM, Jukema JW, van Vlijmen BJM, Kooistra T, Emeis JJ, Lundholm E, Camejo G, Havekes LM. Dual PPARα/γ Agonist Tesaglitazar Reduces Atherosclerosis in Insulin-Resistant and Hypercholesterolemic ApoE*3Leiden Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:2560-6. [PMID: 16931788 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000242904.34700.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated whether the dual PPARalpha/gamma agonist tesaglitazar has anti-atherogenic effects in ApoE*3Leiden mice with reduced insulin sensitivity. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE*3Leiden transgenic mice were fed a high-fat (HF) insulin-resistance-inducing diet. One group received a high-cholesterol (HC) supplement (1% wt/wt; HC group). A second group received the same HC supplement along with tesaglitazar (T) 0.5 micromol/kg diet (T group). A third (control) group received a low-cholesterol (LC) supplement (0.1% wt/wt; LC group). Tesaglitazar decreased plasma cholesterol by 20% compared with the HC group; cholesterol levels were similar in the T and LC groups. Compared with the HC group, tesaglitazar caused a 92% reduction in atherosclerosis, whereas a 56% reduction was seen in the cholesterol-matched LC group. Furthermore, tesaglitazar treatment significantly reduced lesion number beyond that expected from cholesterol lowering and induced a shift to less severe lesions. Concomitantly, tesaglitazar reduced macrophage-rich and collagen areas. In addition, tesaglitazar reduced inflammatory markers, including plasma SAA levels, the number of adhering monocytes, and nuclear factor kappaB-activity in the vessel wall. CONCLUSIONS Tesaglitazar has anti-atherosclerotic effects in the mouse model that go beyond plasma cholesterol lowering, possibly caused by a combination of altered lipoprotein profiles and anti-inflammatory vascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Susanne M Zadelaar
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Boesten LSM, Zadelaar ASM, van Nieuwkoop A, Hu L, Jonkers J, van de Water B, Gijbels MJJ, van der Made I, de Winther MPJ, Havekes LM, van Vlijmen BJM. Macrophage retinoblastoma deficiency leads to enhanced atherosclerosis development in ApoE-deficient mice. FASEB J 2006; 20:953-5. [PMID: 16585057 DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-4530fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The cellular composition of an atherosclerotic lesion is determined by cell infiltration, proliferation, and apoptosis. The tumor suppressor gene retinoblastoma (Rb) has been shown to regulate both cell proliferation and cell death in many cell types. To study the role of macrophage Rb in the development of atherosclerosis, we used apoE-deficient mice with a macrophage-restricted deletion of Rb (Rb(del) mice) and control littermates (Rb(fl) mice). After 12 wk feeding a cholesterol-rich diet, the Rb(del) mice showed a 51% increase in atherosclerotic lesion area with a 39% increase in the relative number of advanced lesions. Atherosclerotic lesions showed a 13% decrease in relative macrophage area and a 46% increase in relative smooth muscle cell area, reflecting the more advanced state of the lesions. The increase in atherosclerosis was independent of in vitro macrophage modified lipoprotein uptake or cytokine production. Whereas macrophage-restricted Rb deletion did not affect lesional macrophage apoptosis, a clear 2.6-fold increase in lesional macrophage proliferation was observed. These studies demonstrate that macrophage Rb is a suppressing factor in the progression of atherosclerosis by reducing macrophage proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne S M Boesten
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, c/o TNO Quality of Life, Gaubius Laboratory, Zernikedreef 9, P.O. Box 2215, Leiden 2301 CE, The Netherlands.
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Monraats PS, Pires NMM, Agema WRP, Zwinderman AH, Schepers A, de Maat MPM, Doevendans PA, de Winter RJ, Tio RA, Waltenberger J, Frants RR, Quax PHA, van Vlijmen BJM, Atsma DE, van der Laarse A, van der Wall EE, Jukema JW. Genetic inflammatory factors predict restenosis after percutaneous coronary interventions. Circulation 2006; 112:2417-25. [PMID: 16230497 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.105.536268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restenosis is a negative effect of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). No clinical factors are available that allow good risk stratification. However, evidence exists that genetic factors are important in the restenotic process as well as in the process of inflammation, a pivotal factor in restenosis. Association studies have identified genes that may predispose to restenosis, but confirmation by large prospective studies is lacking. Our aim was to identify polymorphisms and haplotypes in genes involved in inflammatory pathways that predispose to restenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS The GENetic DEterminants of Restenosis (GENDER) project is a multicenter prospective study, including 3104 consecutive patients after successful PCI. Forty-eight polymorphisms in 34 genes in pathways possibly involved in the inflammatory process were analyzed. The 16Gly variant of the beta2-adrenergic receptor gave an increased risk of target vessel revascularization (TVR). The rare alleles of the CD14 gene (-260T/T), colony-stimulating factor 2 gene (117Thr/Thr), and eotaxin gene (-1328A/A) were associated with decreased risk of TVR. However, through the use of multiple testing corrections with permutation analysis, the probability of finding 4 significant markers by chance was 12%. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms in 4 genes considered involved in the inflammatory reaction showed an association with TVR after PCI. Our results may contribute to the unraveling of the restenotic process. Given the explorative nature of this analysis, our results need to be replicated in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascalle S Monraats
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Monraats PS, Pires NMM, Schepers A, Agema WRP, Boesten LSM, de Vries MR, Zwinderman AH, de Maat MPM, Doevendans PAFM, de Winter RJ, Tio RA, Waltenberger J, 't Hart LM, Frants RR, Quax PHA, van Vlijmen BJM, Havekes LM, van der Laarse A, van der Wall EE, Jukema JW. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha plays an important role in restenosis development. FASEB J 2006; 19:1998-2004. [PMID: 16319143 DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-4634com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors appear to be important in the restenotic process after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), as well as in inflammation, a pivotal factor in restenosis. TNFalpha, a key regulator of inflammatory responses, may exert critical influence on the development of restenosis after PCI. The GENetic DEterminants of Restenosis (GENDER) project included 3104 patients who underwent a successful PCI. Systematic genotyping for six polymorphisms in the TNFalpha gene was performed. The role of TNFalpha in restenosis was also assessed in ApoE*3-Leiden mice, TNFalpha knockout mice, and by local delivery of a TNFalpha biosynthesis inhibitor, thalidomide. The -238G-1031T haplotype of the TNFalpha gene increased clinical and angiographic risk of restenosis (P=0.02 and P=0.002, respectively). In a mouse model of reactive stenosis, arterial TNFalpha mRNA was significantly time-dependently up-regulated. Mice lacking TNFalpha or treated locally with thalidomide showed a reduction in reactive stenosis (P=0.01 and P=0.005, respectively). Clinical and preclinical data indicate that TNFalpha plays an important role in restenosis. Therefore, TNFalpha genotype may be used as a risk marker for restenosis and may contribute to individual patient screening prior to PCI in clinical practice. Inhibition of TNFalpha may be an anti-restenotic target strategy.
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Bovenschen N, Mertens K, Hu L, Havekes LM, van Vlijmen BJM. LDL receptor cooperates with LDL receptor–related protein in regulating plasma levels of coagulation factor VIII in vivo. Blood 2005; 106:906-12. [PMID: 15840700 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-11-4230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractLow-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) and LDLR-related protein (LRP) are members of the LDLR family of endocytic receptors. LRP recognizes a wide spectrum of structurally and functionally unrelated ligands, including coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). In contrast, the ligand specificity of LDLR is restricted to apolipoproteins E and B-100. Ligand binding to the LDLR family is inhibited by receptor-associated protein (RAP). We have previously reported that, apart from LRP, other RAP-sensitive mechanisms contribute to the regulation of FVIII in vivo. In the present study, we showed that the extracellular ligand-binding domain of LDLR interacts with FVIII in vitro and that binding was inhibited by RAP. The physiologic relevance of the FVIII–LDLR interaction was addressed using mouse models of LDLR or hepatic LRP deficiency. In the absence of hepatic LRP, LDLR played a dominant role in the regulation and clearance of FVIII in vivo. Furthermore, FVIII clearance was accelerated after adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of LDLR. The role of LDLR in FVIII catabolism was not secondary to increased plasma lipoproteins or to changes in lipoprotein profiles. We propose that LDLR acts in concert with LRP in regulating plasma levels of FVIII in vivo. This represents a previously unrecognized link between LDLR and hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Bovenschen
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research at CLB, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Espirito Santo SMS, Rensen PCN, Goudriaan JR, Bensadoun A, Bovenschen N, Voshol PJ, Havekes LM, van Vlijmen BJM. Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism in unique VLDL receptor, LDL receptor, and LRP triple-deficient mice. J Lipid Res 2005; 46:1097-102. [PMID: 15772433 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.c500007-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) are the three main apolipoprotein E-recognizing endocytic receptors involved in the clearance of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins from plasma. Whereas LDLR deficiency in mice results in the accumulation of plasma LDL-sized lipoproteins, VLDLR or LRP deficiency alone only minimally affects plasma lipoproteins. To investigate the combined effect of the absence of these receptors on TG-rich lipoprotein levels, we have generated unique VLDLR, LDLR, and LRP triple-deficient mice. Compared with wild-type mice, these mice markedly accumulated plasma lipids and lipases. These mice did not show aggravated hyperlipidemia compared with LDLR and LRP double-deficient mice, but plasma TG was increased after high-fat diet feeding. In addition, these mice showed a severely decreased postprandial TG clearance typical of VLDLR-deficient (VLDLR-/-) mice. Collectively, although VLDLR deficiency in LRP- and LDLR-/- mice does not aggravate hyperlipidemia, these triple-deficient mice represent a unique model of markedly delayed TG clearance on a hyperlipidemic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M S Espirito Santo
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research-Quality of Life, Gaubius Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands
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30
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Zadelaar ASM, von der Thüsen JH, Boesten LSM, Hoeben RC, Kockx MM, Versnel MA, van Berkel TJC, Havekes LM, Biessen EAL, van Vlijmen BJM. Increased vulnerability of pre-existing atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice following adenovirus-mediated Fas ligand gene transfer. Atherosclerosis 2005; 183:244-50. [PMID: 15927188 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2004] [Revised: 03/04/2005] [Accepted: 03/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The death receptor Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) are present in human advanced atherosclerotic plaques. The activation of the Fas/FasL pathway of apoptosis has been implicated in plaque vulnerability. In the present study, we investigated whether overexpression of FasL in pre-existing atherosclerotic lesions can induce lesion remodelling and rupture-related events. METHODS AND RESULTS Carotid atherogenesis was initiated in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice by placement of a perivascular silastic collar. The resulting plaques were incubated transluminally with recombinant adenovirus carrying FasL (Ad-FasL, lateral) or control beta-galactosidase (Ad-LacZ, contralateral). Transfection was restricted to the smooth muscle cell-rich cap of the plaque, and FasL expression led to a three-fold increase in apoptosis in the cap one day after gene transfer. Three days after gene transfer, FasL expression led to a 38% reduction in the number of cap cells. Two weeks after Ad-FasL transfer, non-thrombotic rupture, intra-plaque haemorrhage, buried caps and iron deposits were observed in 6 out of 17 Ad-FasL-treated carotid arteries versus 0 out of 17 controls (P=0.009), indicative of enhanced plaque vulnerability. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that advanced murine plaques are sensitive to Fas/FasL-induced apoptosis, which may indicate that stimulation of this pathway could result in plaque remodelling towards a more vulnerable phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Susanne M Zadelaar
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center c/o TNO Prevention and Health, Gaubius Laboratory, Zernikedreef 9, P.O. Box 2215, 2301 CE Leiden, The Netherlands.
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31
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van der Hoeven BL, Pires NMM, Warda HM, Oemrawsingh PV, van Vlijmen BJM, Quax PHA, Schalij MJ, van der Wall EE, Jukema JW. Drug-eluting stents: results, promises and problems. Int J Cardiol 2005; 99:9-17. [PMID: 15721493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2003] [Revised: 01/02/2004] [Accepted: 01/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In-stent restenosis is the major drawback of percutaneous coronary interventions, occurring in 10-40% of the patients. Recently, new stents have emerged which are loaded with anti-inflammatory, anti-migratory, anti-proliferative or pro-healing drugs. These drugs are supposed to inhibit inflammation and neointimal growth and subsequently in-stent restenosis. In this review article the results of human clinical studies investigating drug-eluting stents are discussed from a clinical point of view, focussing on the efficacy in the prevention of restenosis and their potential side effects. Both success and failure in the field of drug-eluting stents have been described. Successful devices are the sirolimus-eluting and the polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stents. Potentially dangerous side effects of drug-eluting stents are adverse drug interactions, incomplete stent apposition and increased in-stent thrombosis rates. Demonstration of long-term efficacy is mandatory since in some animal studies a delayed healing has been observed. Currently, the successful drug-eluting stents are under investigation in all types of lesions. We conclude that the results with some drug-eluting stents are promising, but further evidence on long-term efficacy and safety, also in high-risk subgroups, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barend L van der Hoeven
- Department of Cardiology C5-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Boesten LSM, Zadelaar ASM, van Nieuwkoop A, Gijbels MJJ, de Winther MPJ, Havekes LM, van Vlijmen BJM. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha promotes atherosclerotic lesion progression in APOE*3-Leiden transgenic mice. Cardiovasc Res 2005; 66:179-85. [PMID: 15769461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2004] [Revised: 12/24/2004] [Accepted: 01/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) is a pleiotropic cytokine exerting both inflammatory and cell death modulatory activity, and is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Studies in mice indicated that TNFalpha affects atherosclerosis minimally or not under conditions that allow fatty streak formation. Here, we examined the possible role of TNFalpha in advanced and complex atherosclerotic lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS To induce atherosclerosis, TNFalpha-deficient (Tnf-/-) APOE*3-Leiden and control APOE*3-Leiden only mice were fed a cholesterol-rich diet. Comparable levels of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides and the systemic inflammatory parameters, serum amyloid A and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were found in APOE*3-LeidenTnf-/- and control mice. Although absence of TNFalpha did not affect the quantitative area of atherosclerosis, APOE*3-LeidenTnf-/- mice had a higher relative number of early lesions (46.1% vs. 21.4%) and a lower relative number of advanced lesions (53.9% vs. 78.6%, P=0.04). In addition, the advanced lesions in APOE*3-LeidenTnf-/- mice showed less necrosis (9.9+/-12.1% vs. 23.4+/-19.3% of total lesion area, P=0.04) and an increase in apoptosis (1.5+/-1.5% vs. 0.4+/-0.6% of total nuclei, P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that TNFalpha stimulates the formation of lesions towards an advanced phenotype, with more lesion necrosis and a lower incidence of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne S M Boesten
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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33
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Espirito Santo SMS, van Vlijmen BJM, van Duyvenvoorde W, Offerman EH, Havekes LM, Arnault I, Auger J, Princen HMG. Absence of an atheroprotective effect of the garlic powder printanor in APOE*3-Leiden transgenic mice. Atherosclerosis 2004; 177:291-7. [PMID: 15530902 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2004] [Revised: 06/21/2004] [Accepted: 07/22/2004] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Numerous animal studies have reported that garlic can protect against atherosclerosis. However, a comparable number of studies do not support this observation. This contradiction may result from differences in study design, use of different animal models, and use of different garlic formulations and preparations. Here, we investigated the effect of the chemically well-characterized and production-controlled garlic powder printanor on atherosclerosis in the APOE*3-Leiden transgenic mouse, a mouse model well suited for evaluating anti-atherosclerotic properties of drugs and food components under human-like conditions. APOE*3-Leiden mice were fed a Western diet supplemented with either 5 or 50 g kg(-1) printanor. As a reference, the commercially available fermented garlic kyolic was included (1.6 g kg(-1) diet). Treatment with printanor demonstrated reduced body weight, coinciding with increased feces production and fecal fatty acids excretion. Printanor and kyolic treatment did not affect plasma lipids, markers of inflammation (serum amyloid A, serum-soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and blood-leukocytes tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) production) and vascular activation (plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF)). As analyzed after 28 weeks of treatment, printanor and kyolic did not affect atherosclerotic lesion type, area or composition. Under conditions relevant to the human situation, the well-characterized and production-controlled garlic powder printanor does not display hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory or anti-atherosclerotic properties.
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Goudriaan JR, Espirito Santo SMS, Voshol PJ, Teusink B, van Dijk KW, van Vlijmen BJM, Romijn JA, Havekes LM, Rensen PCN. The VLDL receptor plays a major role in chylomicron metabolism by enhancing LPL-mediated triglyceride hydrolysis. J Lipid Res 2004; 45:1475-81. [PMID: 15145981 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m400009-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The VLDL receptor (VLDLr) is involved in tissue delivery of VLDL-triglyceride (TG)-derived FFA by facilitating the expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). However, vldlr-/- mice do not show altered plasma lipoprotein levels, despite reduced LPL expression. Because LPL activity is crucial in postprandial lipid metabolism, we investigated whether the VLDLr plays a role in chylomicron clearance. Fed plasma TG levels of vldlr-/- mice were 2.5-fold increased compared with those of vldlr+/+ littermates (1.20 +/- 0.37 mM vs. 0.47 +/- 0.18 mM; P < 0.001). Strikingly, an intragastric fat load led to a 9-fold increased postprandial TG response in vldlr-/- compared with vldlr+/+ mice (226 +/- 188 mM/h vs. 25 +/- 11 mM/h; P < 0.05). Accordingly, the plasma clearance of [3H]TG-labeled protein-free chylomicron-mimicking emulsion particles was delayed in vldlr-/- compared with vldlr+/+ mice (half-life of 12.0 +/- 2.6 min vs. 5.5 +/- 0.9 min; P < 0.05), with a 60% decreased uptake of label into adipose tissue (P < 0.05). VLDLr deficiency did not affect the plasma half-life and adipose tissue uptake of albumin-complexed [14C]FFA, indicating that the VLDLr facilitates postprandial LPL-mediated TG hydrolysis rather than mediating FFA uptake. We conclude that the VLDLr plays a major role in the metabolism of postprandial lipoproteins by enhancing LPL-mediated TG hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeltje R Goudriaan
- Institute for Applied Scientific Research Prevention and Health, Gaubius Laboratory, 2301 CE Leiden, The Netherlands
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Bovenschen N, van Dijk KW, Havekes LM, Mertens K, van Vlijmen BJM. Clearance of coagulation factor VIII in very low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice. Br J Haematol 2004; 126:722-5. [PMID: 15327526 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.05093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) contributes to factor VIII (FVIII) catabolism in vivo. Besides LRP, FVIII also interacts with very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) in vitro. We investigated the physiological role of VLDLR in FVIII catabolism, using knockout mouse models for VLDLR and LRP, alone and in combination. VLDLR(-/-) mice displayed normal plasma FVIII, whereas VLDLR(-/-) LRP(-) double-knockout mice had slightly increased FVIII compared with LRP-deficient mice. Remarkably, VLDLR deficiency slightly accelerated FVIII clearance. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of VLDLR did not lower plasma FVIII in LRP-deficient mice. We conclude that VLDLR does not act in concert with LRP in FVIII clearance in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Bovenschen
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research at CLB, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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36
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Espirito Santo SMS, van Vlijmen BJM, Buytenhek R, van Duyvenvoorde W, Havekes LM, Arnault I, Auger J, Princen HMG. Well-characterized garlic-derived materials are not hypolipidemic in APOE*3-Leiden transgenic mice. J Nutr 2004; 134:1500-3. [PMID: 15173418 DOI: 10.1093/jn/134.6.1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic is reported to have beneficial effects on risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease, including normalization of plasma lipid levels. However, numerous studies do not support this beneficial effect of garlic on plasma lipids. This contradiction may result from the use of different garlic-derived materials, experimental designs, and/or animal models. The present study investigated the hypolipidemic effect of garlic-derived materials in APOE*3-Leiden mice, a model well suited for drug and dietary intervention studies of hyperlipidemia. APOE*3-Leiden mice were fed a garlic-derived sulfur-rich compound, either allicin (0.29 g.L drinking water(-1)) or diallyldisulfide (0.27 g.kg diet(-1)), or powdered garlic, of either the kwai (42 g.kg diet(-1)) or morado (42 g.kg diet(-1)) variety. The amounts of garlic-derived materials supplied allowed free intake of allicin or allicin equivalents (diallyldisulfide, kwai, or morado) at 44 mg.kg body wt(-1).d(-1). Mice were fed a nonpurified diet for 4 wk, followed by a Western diet for 8 wk, both supplemented with the garlic-derived materials. These diets had no consistent effect on plasma lipids and did not affect lipoprotein profiles, which are markers for whole-body cholesterol synthesis and intestinal sterol absorption. The current data indicate that the postulated effects of garlic on cardiovascular disease are not caused via modulation of plasma lipid levels.
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Espirito Santo SMS, Pires NMM, Boesten LSM, Gerritsen G, Bovenschen N, van Dijk KW, Jukema JW, Princen HMG, Bensadoun A, Li WP, Herz J, Havekes LM, van Vlijmen BJM. Hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein deficiency in mice increases atherosclerosis independent of plasma cholesterol. Blood 2004; 103:3777-82. [PMID: 14739216 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-11-4051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein (LRP) has a well-established role in the hepatic removal of atherogenic apolipoprotein E (APOE)-rich remnant lipoproteins from plasma. In addition, LRP recognizes multiple distinct pro- and antiatherogenic ligands in vitro. Here, we investigated the role of hepatic LRP in atherogenesis independent of its role in removal of APOE-rich remnant lipoproteins. Mice that allow inducible inactivation of hepatic LRP were combined with LDL receptor and APOE double-deficient mice (MX1Cre(+)LRP(flox/flox)LDLR(-/-)APOE(-/-)). On an LDLR(-/-)APOE(-/-) background, hepatic LRP deficiency resulted in decreased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides (cholesterol: 17.1 +/- 5.2 vs 23.4 +/- 6.3 mM, P =.025; triglycerides: 1.1 +/- 0.5 vs 2.2 +/- 0.8 mM, P =.002, for MX1Cre(+)LRP(flox/flox)-LDLR(-/-)APOE(-/-) and control LRP(flox/flox)-LDLR(-/-)APOE(-/-) mice, respectively). Lower plasma cholesterol in MX1Cre(+)LRP(flox/flox)-LDLR(-/-)APOE(-/-) mice coincided with increased plasma lipoprotein lipase (71.2 +/- 7.5 vs 19.1 +/- 2.4 ng/ml, P =.002), coagulation factor VIII (4.4 +/- 1.1 vs 1.9 +/- 0.5 U/mL, P =.001), von Willebrand factor (2.8 +/- 0.6 vs 1.4 +/- 0.3 U/mL, P =.001), and tissue-type plasminogen activator (1.7 +/- 0.7 vs 0.9 +/- 0.5 ng/ml, P =.008) compared with controls. Strikingly, MX1Cre(+)LRP(flox/flox)LDLR(-/-)APOE(-/-) mice showed a 2-fold higher atherosclerotic lesion area compared with controls (408.5 +/- 115.1 vs 219.1 +/- 86.0 10(3)microm(2), P =.003). Our data indicate that hepatic LRP plays a clear protective role in atherogenesis independent of plasma cholesterol, possibly due to maintaining low levels of its proatherogenic ligands.
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Bovenschen N, Herz J, Grimbergen JM, Lenting PJ, Havekes LM, Mertens K, van Vlijmen BJM. Elevated plasma factor VIII in a mouse model of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein deficiency. Blood 2003; 101:3933-9. [PMID: 12522008 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-07-2081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been established that low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) is involved in the cellular uptake and degradation of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) in vitro. To address the physiologic role of LRP in regulating plasma FVIII in vivo, we used cre/loxP-mediated conditional LRP- deficient mice (MX1cre(+)LRP(flox/flox)). Upon inactivation of the LRP gene, MX1cre(+)LRP(flox/flox) mice had significantly higher plasma FVIII as compared with control LRP(flox/flox) mice (3.4 and 2.0 U/mL, respectively; P <.001). Elevated plasma FVIII levels in MX1cre(+)LRP(flox/flox) mice coincided with increased plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) (2.0 and 1.6 U/mL for MX1cre(+)LRP(flox/flox) and control LRP(flox/flox) mice, respectively; P <.05). Elevation of plasma FVIII and VWF persisted for at least 6 weeks after inactivation of the LRP gene. Upon comparing plasma FVIII and VWF in individual mice, we observed an increase of the FVIII/VWF ratio in MX1cre(+)LRP(flox/flox) mice as compared with control LRP(flox/flox) mice. Administration of either a vasopressin analog or an endotoxin resulted in increased plasma VWF, but not FVIII. In clearance experiments, MX1cre(+)LRP(flox/flox) mice displayed a 1.5-fold prolongation of FVIII mean residence time. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of the 39-kDa receptor-associated protein (RAP) in normal mice resulted in a 3.5-fold increase of plasma FVIII. These data confirm that the regulation of plasma FVIII in vivo involves a RAP-sensitive mechanism. Surprisingly, plasma FVIII in MX1cre(+)LRP(flox/flox) mice increased 2-fold after RAP gene transfer. We propose that RAP-sensitive determinants other than hepatic LRP contribute to the regulation of plasma FVIII in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Bovenschen
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research at CLB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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von der Thüsen JH, van Vlijmen BJM, Hoeben RC, Kockx MM, Havekes LM, van Berkel TJC, Biessen EAL. Induction of atherosclerotic plaque rupture in apolipoprotein E-/- mice after adenovirus-mediated transfer of p53. Circulation 2002; 105:2064-70. [PMID: 11980686 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000015502.97828.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of the tumor-suppressor gene p53 in advanced atherosclerotic plaques and the sensitivity to p53-induced cell death of smooth muscle cells isolated from these plaques have fueled speculation about the role of p53 in lesion destabilization and plaque rupture. In this study, we describe a strategy to promote (thrombotic) rupture of preexisting atherosclerotic lesions using p53-induced lesion remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS Carotid atherogenesis was initiated in apolipoprotein E knockout mice by placement of a perivascular silastic collar. The resulting plaques were incubated transluminally with recombinant adenovirus carrying either a p53 or beta-galactosidase (lacZ) transgene. p53 transfection was restricted to the smooth muscle cell-rich cap of the plaque and led to an increase in cap cell apoptosis 1 day after transfer. p53 overexpression resulted in a marked decrease in the cellular and extracellular content of the cap, reflected by a markedly reduced cap/intima ratio (0.21+/-0.04 versus 0.46+/-0.03, P<0.001). The latter is a characteristic feature of plaque vulnerability to rupture, and whereas spontaneous rupture of p53-treated lesions was rare, it was found in 40% of cases after treatment with the vasopressor compound phenylephrine (P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated a potential role of p53-induced remodeling in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization. Being the first example of inducible rupture at a predefined location, this model offers a unique opportunity to delineate the processes that precede rupture and to evaluate plaque-stabilizing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H von der Thüsen
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Sylvius Laboratories, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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