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Kumar R, Aktay-Cetin Ö, Craddock V, Morales-Cano D, Kosanovic D, Cogolludo A, Perez-Vizcaino F, Avdeev S, Kumar A, Ram AK, Agarwal S, Chakraborty A, Savai R, de Jesus Perez V, Graham BB, Butrous G, Dhillon NK. Potential long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the pulmonary vasculature: Multilayered cross-talks in the setting of coinfections and comorbidities. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011063. [PMID: 36634048 PMCID: PMC9836319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its sublineages pose a new challenge to healthcare systems worldwide due to its ability to efficiently spread in immunized populations and its resistance to currently available therapies. COVID-19, although targeting primarily the respiratory system, is also now well established that later affects every organ in the body. Most importantly, despite the available therapy and vaccine-elicited protection, the long-term consequences of viral infection in breakthrough and asymptomatic individuals are areas of concern. In the past two years, investigators accumulated evidence on how the virus triggers our immune system and the molecular signals involved in the cross-talk between immune cells and structural cells in the pulmonary vasculature to drive pathological lung complications such as endothelial dysfunction and thrombosis. In the review, we emphasize recent updates on the pathophysiological inflammatory and immune responses associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and their potential long-term consequences that may consequently lead to the development of pulmonary vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Öznur Aktay-Cetin
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vaughn Craddock
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Daniel Morales-Cano
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Department of Pulmonology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergey Avdeev
- Department of Pulmonology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Anil Kumar Ram
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Stuti Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, California, United States of America
| | - Ananya Chakraborty
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, California, United States of America
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Giessen, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vinicio de Jesus Perez
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, California, United States of America
| | - Brian B. Graham
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ghazwan Butrous
- Cardiopulmonary Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Navneet K. Dhillon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
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Potential long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the pulmonary vasculature: a global perspective. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 19:314-331. [PMID: 34873286 PMCID: PMC8647069 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The lungs are the primary target of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, with severe hypoxia being the cause of death in the most critical cases. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is extremely heterogeneous in terms of severity, clinical phenotype and, importantly, global distribution. Although the majority of affected patients recover from the acute infection, many continue to suffer from late sequelae affecting various organs, including the lungs. The role of the pulmonary vascular system during the acute and chronic stages of COVID-19 has not been adequately studied. A thorough understanding of the origins and dynamic behaviour of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the potential causes of heterogeneity in COVID-19 is essential for anticipating and treating the disease, in both the acute and the chronic stages, including the development of chronic pulmonary hypertension. Both COVID-19 and chronic pulmonary hypertension have assumed global dimensions, with potential complex interactions. In this Review, we present an update on the origins and behaviour of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and discuss the potential causes of the heterogeneity of COVID-19. In addition, we summarize the pathobiology of COVID-19, with an emphasis on the role of the pulmonary vasculature, both in the acute stage and in terms of the potential for developing chronic pulmonary hypertension. We hope that the information presented in this Review will help in the development of strategies for the prevention and treatment of the continuing COVID-19 pandemic. In this Review, the authors discuss the potential causes of the heterogeneity of COVID-19 and summarize the pathobiology of the disease, with an emphasis on the role of the pulmonary vasculature in the acute stage and the potential for developing chronic pulmonary hypertension. A thorough understanding of the dynamic behaviour of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential to understanding its heterogeneous effects on the pulmonary vasculature in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The severity and clinical phenotype of COVID-19 are influenced by host factors, including socioeconomic factors and genetics. Silent hypoxia is a major and independent cause of lung damage in COVID-19; the use of modern imaging techniques is proving to be very valuable in identifying silent hypoxia. The pulmonary vascular system has a major role in the pathobiology of COVID-19. Both COVID-19 and chronic pulmonary hypertension are global diseases with a complex interaction.
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Chauhan-Puri AK, Lee KH, Magoski NS. Hydrogen peroxide and phosphoinositide metabolites synergistically regulate a cation current to influence neuroendocrine cell bursting. J Physiol 2021; 599:5281-5300. [PMID: 34676545 DOI: 10.1113/jp282302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In various neurons, including neuroendocrine cells, non-selective cation channels elicit plateau potentials and persistent firing. Reproduction in the marine snail Aplysia californica is initiated when the neuroendocrine bag cell neurons undergo an afterdischarge, that is, a prolonged period of enhanced excitability and spiking during which egg-laying hormone is released into the blood. The afterdischarge is associated with both the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and activation of phospholipase C (PLC), which hydrolyses phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate into diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3 ). We previously demonstrated that H2 O2 gates a voltage-dependent cation current and evokes spiking in bag cell neurons. The present study tests if DAG and IP3 impact the H2 O2 -induced current and excitability. In whole-cell voltage-clamped cultured bag cell neurons, bath-application of 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG), a DAG analogue, enhanced the H2 O2 -induced current, which was amplified by the inclusion of IP3 in the pipette. A similar outcome was produced by the PLC activator, N-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonamide. In current-clamp, OAG or OAG plus IP3 , elevated the frequency of H2 O2 -induced bursting. PKC is also triggered during the afterdischarge; when PKC was stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, it caused a voltage-dependent inward current with a reversal potential similar to the H2 O2 -induced current. Furthermore, PKC activation followed by H2 O2 reduced the onset latency and increased the duration of action potential firing. Finally, inhibiting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase with 3-benzyl-7-(2-benzoxazolyl)thio-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine diminished evoked bursting in isolated bag cell neuron clusters. These results suggest that reactive oxygen species and phosphoinostide metabolites may synergize and contribute to reproductive behaviour by promoting neuroendocrine cell firing. KEY POINTS: Aplysia bag cell neurons secrete reproductive hormone during a lengthy burst of action potentials, known as the afterdischarge. During the afterdischarge, phospholipase C (PLC) hydrolyses phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate into diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3 ). Subsequent activation of protein kinase C (PKC) leads to H2 O2 production. H2 O2 evokes a voltage-dependent inward current and action potential firing. Both a DAG analogue, 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG), and IP3 enhance the H2 O2 -induced current, which is mimicked by the PLC activator, N-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonamide. The frequency of H2 O2 -evoked afterdischarge-like bursting is augmented by OAG or OAG plus IP3 . Stimulating PKC with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate shortens the latency and increases the duration of H2 O2 -induced bursts. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor, 3-benzyl-7-(2-benzoxazolyl)thio-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine, attenuates burst firing in bag cell neuron clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamjeet K Chauhan-Puri
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Experimental Medicine Graduate Program, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly H Lee
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Experimental Medicine Graduate Program, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil S Magoski
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Experimental Medicine Graduate Program, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Ion channels as convergence points in the pathology of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1855-1865. [PMID: 34346486 PMCID: PMC8421048 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease of the cardiopulmonary system that lacks curative treatments. The main pathological event in PAH is elevated vascular resistance in the pulmonary circulation, caused by abnormal vasoconstriction and vascular remodelling. Ion channels are key determinants of vascular smooth muscle tone and homeostasis, and four PAH channelopathies (KCNK3, ABCC8, KCNA5, TRPC6) have been identified so far. However, the contribution of ion channels in other forms of PAH, which account for the majority of PAH patients, has been less well characterised. Here we reason that a variety of triggers of PAH (e.g. BMPR2 mutations, hypoxia, anorectic drugs) that impact channel function may contribute to the onset of the disease. We review the molecular mechanisms by which these ‘extrinsic’ factors converge on ion channels and provoke their dysregulation to promote the development of PAH. Ion channels of the pulmonary vasculature are therefore promising therapeutic targets because of the modulation they provide to both vasomotor tone and proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells.
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Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Lung Transplantation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061333. [PMID: 34071255 PMCID: PMC8228304 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung transplantation has been established worldwide as the last treatment for end-stage respiratory failure. However, ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) inevitably occurs after lung transplantation. The most severe form of IRI leads to primary graft failure, which is an important cause of morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. IRI may also induce rejection, which is the main cause of mortality in recipients. Despite advances in donor management and graft preservation, most donor grafts are still unsuitable for transplantation. Although the pulmonary endothelium is the primary target site of IRI, the pathophysiology of lung IRI remains incompletely understood. It is essential to understand the mechanism of pulmonary IRI to improve the outcomes of lung transplantation. Therefore, we reviewed the state-of-the-art in the management of pulmonary IRI after lung transplantation. Recently, the ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) system has been clinically introduced worldwide. Various promising therapeutic strategies for the protection of the endothelium against IRI, including EVLP, inhalation therapy with therapeutic gases and substances, fibrinolytic treatment, and mesenchymal stromal cell therapy, are awaiting clinical application. We herein review the latest advances in the field of pulmonary IRI in lung transplantation.
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Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in the Transplanted Lung: A Literature Review. Transplant Direct 2021; 7:e652. [PMID: 33437867 PMCID: PMC7793349 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) and primary graft dysfunction are leading causes of morbidity and mortality among lung transplant recipients. Although extensive research endeavors have been undertaken, few preventative and therapeutic treatments have emerged for clinical use. Novel strategies are still needed to improve outcomes after lung transplantation. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of transplanted LIRI, potential modifiable targets, current practices, and areas of ongoing investigation to reduce LIRI and primary graft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients.
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Duitama M, Vargas-López V, Casas Z, Albarracin SL, Sutachan JJ, Torres YP. TRP Channels Role in Pain Associated With Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:782. [PMID: 32848557 PMCID: PMC7417429 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) are cation channels expressed in both non-excitable and excitable cells from diverse tissues, including heart, lung, and brain. The TRP channel family includes 28 isoforms activated by physical and chemical stimuli, such as temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, and noxious stimuli. Recently, it has been shown that TRP channels are also directly or indirectly activated by reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress plays an essential role in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and TRP channels are involved in the progression of those diseases by mechanisms involving changes in the crosstalk between Ca2+ regulation, oxidative stress, and production of inflammatory mediators. TRP channels involved in nociception include members of the TRPV, TRPM, TRPA, and TRPC subfamilies that transduce physical and chemical noxious stimuli. It has also been reported that pain is a complex issue in patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and adequate management of pain in those conditions is still in discussion. TRPV1 has a role in neuroinflammation, a critical mechanism involved in neurodegeneration. Therefore, some studies have considered TRPV1 as a target for both pain treatment and neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, this review aimed to describe the TRP-dependent mechanism that can mediate pain sensation in neurodegenerative diseases and the therapeutic approach available to palliate pain and neurodegenerative symptoms throughout the regulation of these channels.
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Truong L, Zheng YM, Wang YX. Mitochondrial Rieske iron-sulfur protein in pulmonary artery smooth muscle: A key primary signaling molecule in pulmonary hypertension. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 683:108234. [PMID: 31980131 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rieske iron-sulfur protein (RISP) is a catalytic subunit of the complex III in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Studies for years have revealed that RISP is essential for the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) via delicate signaling pathways associated with many important molecules such as protein kinase C-ε, NADPH oxidase, and ryanodine receptors. More significantly, mitochondrial RISP-mediated ROS production has been implicated in the development of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, leading to pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure, and death. Investigations have also shown the involvement of RISP in ROS-dependent cardiac ischemic/reperfusion injuries. Further research may provide novel and valuable information that can not only enhance our understanding of the functional roles of RISP and the underlying molecular mechanisms in the pulmonary vasculature and other systems, but also elucidate whether RISP targeting can act as preventative and restorative therapies against pulmonary hypertension, cardiac diseases, and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Truong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Yun-Min Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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Kosanovic D, Platzek SM, Petrovic A, Sydykov A, Maripov A, Mamazhakypov A, Sartmyrzaeva M, Muratali Uulu K, Cholponbaeva M, Toktosunova A, Omurzakova N, Duishobaev M, Vroom C, Pak O, Weissmann N, Ghofrani HA, Sarybaev A, Schermuly RT. Circulating Apoptotic Signals During Acute and Chronic Exposure to High Altitude in Kyrgyz Population. Front Physiol 2019; 10:54. [PMID: 30804801 PMCID: PMC6370645 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Circulating apoptotic signals (CASs) have been described in the pathologies associated with dysregulated apoptosis, such as cancer, heart diseases, and pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, nothing is known about the expression profiles of these markers in the circulation of humans exposed to acute and chronic effects of high altitude (HA). Methods: Gene expression levels of different apoptotic signals (ASs) were analyzed in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) upon hypoxia incubation. In addition, we measured the plasma values of relevant CAS in Kyrgyz volunteers during acute and chronic exposure to HA. Finally, we analyzed the effects of pro-apoptotic mediator Fas ligand (FasL) on apoptosis and proliferation of human PASMCs. Results: Several cellular AS were increased in PASMCs exposed to hypoxia, in comparison to normoxia condition. Among analyzed CAS, there was a prominent reduction of FasL in lowlanders exposed to HA environment. Furthermore, decreased circulatory levels of FasL were found in highlanders with HA-induced PH (HAPH), as compared to the lowland controls. Furthermore, FasL concentration in plasma negatively correlated with tricuspid regurgitant gradient values. Finally, FasL exerted pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects on PASMCs. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that circulating levels of FasL are reduced during acute and chronic exposure to HA environment. In addition, dysregulated FasL may play a role in the context of HAPH due to its relevant functions on apoptosis and proliferation of PASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djuro Kosanovic
- Chair for Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Simon Maximilian Platzek
- Chair for Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Petrovic
- Chair for Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Akylbek Sydykov
- Chair for Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Abdirashit Maripov
- Kyrgyz National Centre for Cardiology and Internal Medicine, named after Academician Mirsaid Mirrakhimov, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Argen Mamazhakypov
- Chair for Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Meerim Sartmyrzaeva
- Kyrgyz National Centre for Cardiology and Internal Medicine, named after Academician Mirsaid Mirrakhimov, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Kubatbek Muratali Uulu
- Kyrgyz National Centre for Cardiology and Internal Medicine, named after Academician Mirsaid Mirrakhimov, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Meerim Cholponbaeva
- Kyrgyz National Centre for Cardiology and Internal Medicine, named after Academician Mirsaid Mirrakhimov, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Aidana Toktosunova
- Kyrgyz National Centre for Cardiology and Internal Medicine, named after Academician Mirsaid Mirrakhimov, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Nazgul Omurzakova
- Kyrgyz National Centre for Cardiology and Internal Medicine, named after Academician Mirsaid Mirrakhimov, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Melis Duishobaev
- Kyrgyz National Centre for Cardiology and Internal Medicine, named after Academician Mirsaid Mirrakhimov, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Christina Vroom
- Chair for Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Oleg Pak
- Chair for Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Chair for Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hossein Ardeschir Ghofrani
- Chair for Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Akpay Sarybaev
- Kyrgyz National Centre for Cardiology and Internal Medicine, named after Academician Mirsaid Mirrakhimov, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Chair for Pulmonary Pharmacotherapy, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
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Truong L, Zheng YM, Wang YX. Mitochondrial Rieske iron-sulfur protein in pulmonary artery smooth muscle: A key primary signaling molecule in pulmonary hypertension. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 664:68-75. [PMID: 30710505 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rieske iron-sulfur protein (RISP) is a catalytic subunit of the complex III in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Studies for years have revealed that RISP is essential for the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) via delicate signaling pathways associated with many important molecules such as protein kinase C-ε, NADPH oxidase, and ryanodine receptors. More significantly, mitochondrial RISP-mediated ROS production has been implicated in the development of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, leading to pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure, and death. Investigations have also shown the involvement of RISP in ROS-dependent cardiac ischemic/reperfusion injuries. Further research may provide novel and valuable information that can not only enhance our understanding of the functional roles of RISP and the underlying molecular mechanisms in the pulmonary vasculature and other systems, but also elucidate whether RISP targeting can act as preventative and restorative therapies against pulmonary hypertension, cardiac diseases, and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Truong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Yun-Min Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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11
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Liu H, Kabrah A, Ahuja M, Muallem S. CRAC channels in secretory epithelial cell function and disease. Cell Calcium 2018; 78:48-55. [PMID: 30641249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The receptor-evoked Ca2+ signal in secretory epithelia mediate many cellular functions essential for cell survival and their most fundamental functions of secretory granules exocytosis and fluid and electrolyte secretion. Ca2+ influx is a key component of the receptor-evoked Ca2+ signal in secretory cell and is mediated by both TRPC and the STIM1-activated Orai1 channels that mediates the Ca2+ release-activated current (CRAC) Icrac. The core components of the receptor-evoked Ca2+ signal are assembled at the ER/PM junctions where exchange of materials between the plasma membrane and internal organelles take place, including transfer of lipids and Ca2+. The Ca2+ signal generated at the confined space of the ER/PM junctions is necessary for activation of the Ca2+-regulated proteins and ion channels that mediate exocytosis with high fidelity and tight control. In this review we discuss the general properties of Ca2+ signaling, PI(4,5)P2 and other lipids at the ER/PM junctions with regard to secretory cells function and disease caused by uncontrolled Ca2+ influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Liu
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Ahmed Kabrah
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Malini Ahuja
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States.
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12
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Han L, Li J. Canonical transient receptor potential 3 channels in atrial fibrillation. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 837:1-7. [PMID: 30153442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF) is largely dependent on structural remodeling and electrical reconfiguration, which in turn drive localized fibrosis. Canonical transient receptor potential 3 (TRPC3) channel is indispensable regulator of fibrosis development, promoting fibroblasts to transition into myofibroblasts via intracellular Ca2+ overload. TRPC3 is a non-voltage gated, non-selective cation channel that regulates the permeability of the cell to Ca2+. When subjected to various external physical and chemical stimuli, such as angiotensin II (AngII), mechanical stretch, hypoxia, or oxidative stress, TRPC3 coordinates with downstream signal transduction pathways to alter gene expression and thereby regulate a number of distinct pathological patterns and mechanisms. This review will focus on how TRPC3 affects AF pathogenesis by exploring the underlying mechanisms governing fibrosis associated with particular signaling proteins, ultimately highlighting the characteristics of TPRC3 that mark it as a novel therapeutic target for AF alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Juxiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Metabolic Reprogramming and Redox Signaling in Pulmonary Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 967:241-260. [PMID: 29047090 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a complex disease of the pulmonary vasculature, which in severe cases terminates in right heart failure. Complex remodeling of pulmonary arteries comprises the central issue of its pathology. This includes extensive proliferation, apoptotic resistance and inflammation. As such, the molecular and cellular features of pulmonary hypertension resemble hallmark characteristics of cancer cell behavior. The vascular remodeling derives from significant metabolic changes in resident cells, which we describe in detail. It affects not only cells of pulmonary artery wall, but also its immediate microenvironment involving cells of immune system (i.e., macrophages). Thus aberrant metabolism constitutes principle component of the cancer-like theory of pulmonary hypertension. The metabolic changes in pulmonary artery cells resemble the cancer associated Warburg effect, involving incomplete glucose oxidation through aerobic glycolysis with depressed mitochondrial catabolism enabling the fueling of anabolic reactions with amino acids, nucleotides and lipids to sustain proliferation. Macrophages also undergo overlapping but distinct metabolic reprogramming inducing specific activation or polarization states that enable their participation in the vascular remodeling process. Such metabolic synergy drives chronic inflammation further contributing to remodeling. Enhanced glycolytic flux together with suppressed mitochondrial bioenergetics promotes the accumulation of reducing equivalents, NAD(P)H. We discuss the enzymes and reactions involved. The reducing equivalents modulate the regulation of proteins using NAD(P)H as the transcriptional co-repressor C-terminal binding protein 1 cofactor and significantly impact redox status (through GSH, NAD(P)H oxidases, etc.), which together act to control the phenotype of the cells of pulmonary arteries. The altered mitochondrial metabolism changes its redox poise, which together with enhanced NAD(P)H oxidase activity and reduced enzymatic antioxidant activity promotes a pro-oxidative cellular status. Herein we discuss all described metabolic changes along with resultant alterations in redox status, which result in excessive proliferation, apoptotic resistance, and inflammation, further leading to pulmonary arterial wall remodeling and thus establishing pulmonary artery hypertension pathology.
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Pak O, Sydykov A, Kosanovic D, Schermuly RT, Dietrich A, Schröder K, Brandes RP, Gudermann T, Sommer N, Weissmann N. Lung Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury: The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 967:195-225. [PMID: 29047088 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lung ischaemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) occurs in many lung diseases and during surgical procedures such as lung transplantation. The re-establishment of blood flow and oxygen delivery into the previously ischaemic lung exacerbates the ischaemic injury and leads to increased microvascular permeability and pulmonary vascular resistance as well as to vigorous activation of the immune response. These events initiate the irreversible damage of the lung with subsequent oedema formation that can result in systemic hypoxaemia and multi-organ failure. Alterations in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have been suggested as crucial mediators of such responses during ischaemia-reperfusion in the lung. Among numerous potential sources of ROS/RNS within cells, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, xanthine oxidases, nitric oxide synthases and mitochondria have been investigated during LIRI. Against this background, we aim to review here the extensive literature about the ROS-mediated cellular signalling during LIRI, as well as the effectiveness of antioxidants as treatment option for LIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Pak
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-pulmonary System, University of Giessen Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Akylbek Sydykov
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-pulmonary System, University of Giessen Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-pulmonary System, University of Giessen Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-pulmonary System, University of Giessen Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Dietrich
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestraße 33, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestraße 33, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-pulmonary System, University of Giessen Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-pulmonary System, University of Giessen Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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15
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Transient receptor potential canonical type 3 channels: Interactions, role and relevance - A vascular focus. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 174:79-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Ward JPT. Physiological redox signalling and regulation of ion channels: implications for pulmonary hypertension. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:1078-1082. [PMID: 28004868 DOI: 10.1113/ep086040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? The review concerns the role of reactive oxygen species as physiological second messengers in potentiating G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated vasoconstriction and its potential dysregulation by oxidant stress in pulmonary hypertension. What advances does it highlight? The review highlights the concept that physiological signalling by reactive oxygen species must normally be highly compartmentalized to prevent self-regenerating oxidant stress and promiscuous and uncontrolled signalling, which contribute to the aetiology. Pulmonary hypertension is associated with oxidant stress and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidases (NOX), mitochondria and other sources. There is considerable evidence that these contribute to the aetiology via promotion of pulmonary vascular remodelling, endothelial dysfunction and enhanced vasoreactivity. However, it is now recognized that ROS act as important signalling mediators and second messengers in normal physiological conditions. Many ion channels and protein kinases crucial to pulmonary vascular function are directly or indirectly affected by redox/ROS, including K+ , Ca2+ and non-selective cation channels and Rho kinase. However, the inherent difficulties in quantifying ROS, particularly in subcellular compartments, make it uncertain whether these reported effects are of relevance in physiological rather than pathological conditions. In an attempt to address such issues, we have focused on the role of physiologically generated ROS in the regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-activated vasoconstrictor pathways. We have recently reported a novel mechanism whereby low concentrations of GPCR-linked vasoconstrictors greatly potentiate Ca2+ entry via a NOX1- and ROS-mediated pathway parallel to the classical vasoconstrictor pathways of Ca2+ mobilization and activation of Rho kinase. Our findings imply that ROS signalling is highly compartmentalized in physiological conditions, but that this may be compromised by pathological increases in oxidant production, for example in pulmonary hypertension, leading to promiscuous actions that contribute to the aetiology. This model is consistent with the proposal that targeted antioxidants could prove to be an effective therapy for pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P T Ward
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK
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17
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Schwingshackl A. The role of stretch-activated ion channels in acute respiratory distress syndrome: finally a new target? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L639-52. [PMID: 27521425 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00458.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) and oxygen therapy (hyperoxia; HO) comprise the cornerstones of life-saving interventions for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Unfortunately, the side effects of MV and HO include exacerbation of lung injury by barotrauma, volutrauma, and propagation of lung inflammation. Despite significant improvements in ventilator technologies and a heightened awareness of oxygen toxicity, besides low tidal volume ventilation few if any medical interventions have improved ARDS outcomes over the past two decades. We are lacking a comprehensive understanding of mechanotransduction processes in the healthy lung and know little about the interactions between simultaneously activated stretch-, HO-, and cytokine-induced signaling cascades in ARDS. Nevertheless, as we are unraveling these mechanisms we are gathering increasing evidence for the importance of stretch-activated ion channels (SACs) in the activation of lung-resident and inflammatory cells. In addition to the discovery of new SAC families in the lung, e.g., two-pore domain potassium channels, we are increasingly assigning mechanosensing properties to already known Na(+), Ca(2+), K(+), and Cl(-) channels. Better insights into the mechanotransduction mechanisms of SACs will improve our understanding of the pathways leading to ventilator-induced lung injury and lead to much needed novel therapeutic approaches against ARDS by specifically targeting SACs. This review 1) summarizes the reasons why the time has come to seriously consider SACs as new therapeutic targets against ARDS, 2) critically analyzes the physiological and experimental factors that currently limit our knowledge about SACs, and 3) outlines the most important questions future research studies need to address.
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Svobodova B, Groschner K. Reprint of "Mechanisms of lipid regulation and lipid gating in TRPC channels". Cell Calcium 2016; 60:133-41. [PMID: 27431463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
TRPC proteins form cation channels that integrate and relay cellular signals by mechanisms involving lipid recognition and lipid-dependent gating. The lipohilic/amphiphilic molecules that function as cellular activators or modulators of TRPC proteins span a wide range of chemical structures. In this context, cellular redox balance is likely linked to the lipid recognition/gating features of TRPC channels. Both classical ligand-protein interactions as well as indirect and promiscuous sensory mechanisms have been proposed. Some of the recognition processes are suggested to involve ancillary lipid-binding scaffolds or regulators as well as dynamic protein-protein interactions determined by bilayer architecture. A complex interplay of protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions is likely to govern the gating and/or plasma membrane recruitment of TRPC channels, thereby providing a distinguished platform for signal integration and coincident signal detection. Both the primary molecular event(s) of lipid recognition by TRPC channels as well as the transformation of these events into distinct gating movements is poorly understood at the molecular level, and it remains elusive whether lipid sensing in TRPCs is conferred to a distinct sensor domain. Recent structural information on the molecular action of lipophilic activators in distantly related members of the TRP superfamily encourages speculations on TRPC gating mechanisms involved in lipid recognition/gating. This review aims to provide an update on the current understanding of the lipid-dependent control of TRPC channels with focus on the TRPC lipid sensing, signal-integration hub and a short discussion of potential links to redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Svobodova
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Groschner
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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Mechanisms of lipid regulation and lipid gating in TRPC channels. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:271-9. [PMID: 27125985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
TRPC proteins form cation channels that integrate and relay cellular signals by mechanisms involving lipid recognition and lipid-dependent gating. The lipohilic/amphiphilic molecules that function as cellular activators or modulators of TRPC proteins span a wide range of chemical structures. In this context, cellular redox balance is likely linked to the lipid recognition/gating features of TRPC channels. Both classical ligand-protein interactions as well as indirect and promiscuous sensory mechanisms have been proposed. Some of the recognition processes are suggested to involve ancillary lipid-binding scaffolds or regulators as well as dynamic protein-protein interactions determined by bilayer architecture. A complex interplay of protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions is likely to govern the gating and/or plasma membrane recruitment of TRPC channels, thereby providing a distinguished platform for signal integration and coincident signal detection. Both the primary molecular event(s) of lipid recognition by TRPC channels as well as the transformation of these events into distinct gating movements is poorly understood at the molecular level, and it remains elusive whether lipid sensing in TRPCs is conferred to a distinct sensor domain. Recent structural information on the molecular action of lipophilic activators in distantly related members of the TRP superfamily encourages speculations on TRPC gating mechanisms involved in lipid recognition/gating. This review aims to provide an update on the current understanding of the lipid-dependent control of TRPC channels with focus on the TRPC lipid sensing, signal-integration hub and a short discussion of potential links to redox signaling.
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