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Arif E, Solanki AK, Rahman B, Wolf B, Schnellmann RG, Nihalani D, Lipschutz JH. Role of the β 2-adrenergic receptor in podocyte injury and recovery. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:612-621. [PMID: 38668812 PMCID: PMC11126448 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocytes have a remarkable ability to recover from injury; however, little is known about the recovery mechanisms involved in this process. We recently showed that formoterol, a long-acting β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist, induced mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) in podocytes and led to renoprotection in mice. However, it is not clear whether this effect was mediated by formoterol acting through the β2-AR or if it occurred through "off-target" effects. METHODS We genetically deleted the β2-AR specifically in murine podocytes and used these mice to determine whether formoterol acting through the podocyte β2-AR alone is sufficient for recovery of renal filtration function following injury. The podocyte-specific β2-AR knockout mice (β2-ARfl/fl/PodCre) were generated by crossing β2-AR floxed mice with podocin Cre (B6.Cg-Tg(NPHS2-cre)295Lbh/J) mice. These mice were then subjected to both acute and chronic glomerular injury using nephrotoxic serum (NTS) and adriamycin (ADR), respectively. The extent of injury was evaluated by measuring albuminuria and histological and immunostaining analysis of the murine kidney sections. RESULTS A similar level of injury was observed in β2-AR knockout and control mice; however, the β2-ARfl/fl/PodCre mice failed to recover in response to formoterol. Functional evaluation of the β2-ARfl/fl/PodCre mice following injury plus formoterol showed similar albuminuria and glomerular injury to control mice that were not treated with formoterol. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the podocyte β2-AR is a critical component of the recovery mechanism and may serve as a novel therapeutic target for treating podocytopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Arif
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Clinical Science Building 822N, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Ashish K Solanki
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Clinical Science Building 822N, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Bushra Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Clinical Science Building 822N, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Bethany Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Clinical Science Building 822N, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Joshua H Lipschutz
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Clinical Science Building 822N, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Melica ME, Cialdai F, La Regina G, Risaliti C, Dafichi T, Peired AJ, Romagnani P, Monici M, Lasagni L. Modeled microgravity unravels the roles of mechanical forces in renal progenitor cell physiology. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:20. [PMID: 38233961 PMCID: PMC10795253 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glomerulus is a highly complex system, composed of different interdependent cell types that are subjected to various mechanical stimuli. These stimuli regulate multiple cellular functions, and changes in these functions may contribute to tissue damage and disease progression. To date, our understanding of the mechanobiology of glomerular cells is limited, with most research focused on the adaptive response of podocytes. However, it is crucial to recognize the interdependence between podocytes and parietal epithelial cells, in particular with the progenitor subset, as it plays a critical role in various manifestations of glomerular diseases. This highlights the necessity to implement the analysis of the effects of mechanical stress on renal progenitor cells. METHODS Microgravity, modeled by Rotary Cell Culture System, has been employed as a system to investigate how renal progenitor cells respond to alterations in the mechanical cues within their microenvironment. Changes in cell phenotype, cytoskeleton organization, cell proliferation, cell adhesion and cell capacity for differentiation into podocytes were analyzed. RESULTS In modeled microgravity conditions, renal progenitor cells showed altered cytoskeleton and focal adhesion organization associated with a reduction in cell proliferation, cell adhesion and spreading capacity. Moreover, mechanical forces appeared to be essential for renal progenitor differentiation into podocytes. Indeed, when renal progenitors were exposed to a differentiative agent in modeled microgravity conditions, it impaired the acquisition of a complex podocyte-like F-actin cytoskeleton and the expression of specific podocyte markers, such as nephrin and nestin. Importantly, the stabilization of the cytoskeleton with a calcineurin inhibitor, cyclosporine A, rescued the differentiation of renal progenitor cells into podocytes in modeled microgravity conditions. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in the organization of the renal progenitor cytoskeleton due to unloading conditions negatively affect the regenerative capacity of these cells. These findings strengthen the concept that changes in mechanical cues can initiate a pathophysiological process in the glomerulus, not only altering podocyte actin cytoskeleton, but also extending the detrimental effect to the renal progenitor population. This underscores the significance of the cytoskeleton as a druggable target for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Melica
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Cialdai
- ASAcampus Joint Laboratory, ASA Res. Div., Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Gilda La Regina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Risaliti
- ASAcampus Joint Laboratory, ASA Res. Div., Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Dafichi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Julie Peired
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Monici
- ASAcampus Joint Laboratory, ASA Res. Div., Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Laura Lasagni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
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Lv Q, Han X, Ni J, Ma Q, Dai R, Liu J, Liu J, Zhai Y, Shen Q, Sun L, Liu H, Rao J, Xu H. Anti-ANGPTL3-FLD monoclonal antibody treatment ameliorates podocyte lesions through attenuating mitochondrial damage. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:867. [PMID: 36229446 PMCID: PMC9562403 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Proteinuria, an indication of kidney disease, is caused by the malfunction of podocytes, which play a key role in maintaining glomerular filtration. Angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) has been documented to have a cell-autonomous involvement in podocytes, and deletion of Angptl3 in podocytes reduced proteinuria in adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Here, we developed a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against ANGPTL3 to investigate its effects on podocyte injury in an ADR nephropathy mouse model and puromycin (PAN) induced podocyte damage in vitro. The mAb against the human ANGPTL3-FLD sequence (5E5F6) inhibited the binding of ANGPTL3-FLD to integrin β3. Treatment with the 5E5F6 mAb in ADR nephropathy mice mitigated proteinuria and led to a significant decline in podocyte apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial fragmentation. In PAN-induced podocyte damage in vitro, the 5E5F6 mAb blocked the ANPGPLT3-mediated activation of integrin αvβ3 and Rac1, which regulated the mitochondrial homeostasis. Altogether, anti-ANGPLT3-FLD mAb attenuates proteinuria and podocyte lesions in ADR mice models, as well as PAN-induced podocyte damage, in part through regulating mitochondrial functions. Our study provides a therapeutic approach for targeting ANGPTL3 in proteinuric kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Lv
- grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Pediatric Medical Center of CHINA, Shanghai, China ,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinli Han
- grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Pediatric Medical Center of CHINA, Shanghai, China ,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Ni
- grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Pediatric Medical Center of CHINA, Shanghai, China ,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Pediatric Medical Center of CHINA, Shanghai, China ,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Rufeng Dai
- grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Pediatric Medical Center of CHINA, Shanghai, China ,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Liu
- grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Pediatric Medical Center of CHINA, Shanghai, China ,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialu Liu
- grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Pediatric Medical Center of CHINA, Shanghai, China ,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Zhai
- grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Pediatric Medical Center of CHINA, Shanghai, China ,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Shen
- grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Pediatric Medical Center of CHINA, Shanghai, China ,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Sun
- Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China ,grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Department of Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Pediatric Medical Center of CHINA, Shanghai, China
| | - Haimei Liu
- Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China ,grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Department of Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Pediatric Medical Center of CHINA, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Rao
- grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Pediatric Medical Center of CHINA, Shanghai, China ,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Xu
- grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Pediatric Medical Center of CHINA, Shanghai, China ,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Shanghai, China
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Sun S, Lu Y, Tian F, Huang S. Ropivacaine with intraspinal administration alleviates preeclampsia-induced kidney injury via glycocalyx /alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:13131-13140. [PMID: 35635041 PMCID: PMC9275932 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2080365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, which is associated with kidney injury. Glycocalyx (GCX) degradation mediated endothelial injury can result in proteinuria and kidney damage. alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) connects nervous and immune systems to respond to stress or injury. We aimed to explore the protective effect and mechanism of intraspinal analgesia on maternal kidney injury in preeclampsia. Endotoxin-induced preeclampsia rats treated with ropivacaine via intraspinal administration. Renal histopathological examination was performed, cell apoptosis in the kidney, the levels of Glycocalyx markers of Syndecan-1 and heparin sulfate (HS) in maternal serum, Syndecan-1 along with α7nAChR in the kidney were measured. Our results showed that kidney injury was obviously in preeclampsia rats with proteinuria, endothelial damage, higher apoptosis rate, increasing levels of Syndecan-1 and HS in serum, upregulated Syndecan-1 expression but downregulated α7nAChR expression in kidney. Preeclampsia rats treated with intraspinal injected ropivacaine attenuated preeclampsia-induced kidney injury as Syndecan-1 and HS were decreased in serum, Syndecan-1 expression was suppressed as well as α7nAChR was activated in the kidney. Our results suggested that Ropivacaine administered through the spinal canal may protect preeclampsia-induced renal injury by decreasing GCX and α7nAChR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Sun
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaojun Lu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fubo Tian
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqiang Huang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Vujkovac B, Srebotnik Kirbiš I, Keber T, Cokan Vujkovac A, Tretjak M, Radoš Krnel S. Podocyturia in Fabry disease: a 10-year follow-up. Clin Kidney J 2022; 15:269-277. [PMID: 35145641 PMCID: PMC8824799 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked disorder of sphingolipid metabolism that results in chronic proteinuric nephropathy. Podocytes are one of the most affected renal cells and play an important role in the development and progression of kidney disease. Detached podocytes found in urine (podocyturia) are considered as a non-invasive early marker of kidney injury; however, the dynamics of podocyte loss remains unknown. Methods In this 10-year follow-up study, podocyturia and other renal clinical data were evaluated in 39 patients with FD. From 2009 to 2019, podocyturia was assessed in 566 fresh urine samples from 13 male and 26 female FD patients using immunocytochemical detection of podocalyxin. Results Podocyturia (number of podocytes per 100 mL of urine) was found in 311/566 (54.9%) of the samples, more frequently (68.9 ± 21.9% versus 50.6 ± 25.9%; P = 0.035) and with higher values (364 ± 286 versus 182 ± 180 number of podocytes per gram of creatinine (Cr) in urine; P = 0.020) in males compared with females. The mean number of assessed samples for each patient was 14.5 (range 3–40) and the frequency of samples with podocyturia ranged from 0% to 100% (median 57%). Podocyturia was already present in 42.9% of patients <20 years of age and in 89.5% of normoalbuminuric patients. Podocyturia correlated with albuminuria (urine albumin:Cr ratio) (r = 0.20, P < 0.001) and a higher incidence and values of podocyturia were observed in patients with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. Conclusions Our data demonstrated that podocyturia is an early clinical event in the development of nephropathy. In addition, we found podocyturia to be a discontinuous event with wide variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Vujkovac
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Slovenj Gradec, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia
| | - Irena Srebotnik Kirbiš
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tajda Keber
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Slovenj Gradec, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Cokan Vujkovac
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Slovenj Gradec, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia
| | - Martin Tretjak
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Slovenj Gradec, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia
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Ding Y, Diao Z, Cui H, Yang A, Liu W, Jiang L. Bioinformatics analysis reveals the roles of cytoskeleton protein transgelin in occurrence and development of proteinuria. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:2250-2268. [PMID: 34733666 PMCID: PMC8506063 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteinuria is a sensitive hallmark for progressive renal dysfunction. Transgelin (TAGLN) has been demonstrated to participate in etiology of proteinuria and dynamics of podocyte foot process; however, the mechanism of TAGLN involvement in proteinuria is unknown. The present study aimed to explore the roles of TAGLN in the development of proteinuria. METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected from microarray expression profiling datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus, and analyzed by the short time series expression miner to cluster the DEGs in proteinuria progression. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis was used to determine the top 20 enriched pathways, and construct a gene interaction network. RESULTS In total, 2,409 DEGs for nephropathy and 10,612 DEGs for podocyte foot process and proteinuria were detected. Additionally, 76 common DEGs (25 upregulated and 41 downregulated) between nephropathy and podocyte foot process were primarily involved in innate immunity, positive regulation of transcription-DNA-templated, immunity and negative regulation of cell proliferation, enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, axon guidance, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS We discovered a TAGLN-mediated regulatory network involved in proteinuria progression. These findings provide novel insight to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Ding
- Pediatric Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongli Diao
- Nephrology Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Pediatric Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aijun Yang
- Pediatric Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhu Liu
- Nephrology Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Jiang
- Pediatric Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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CD80 Insights as Therapeutic Target in the Current and Future Treatment Options of Frequent-Relapse Minimal Change Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6671552. [PMID: 33506028 PMCID: PMC7806396 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6671552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Minimal change disease (MCD) is the most common cause of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children, and it is well known for its multifactorial causes which are the manifestation of the disease. Proteinuria is an early consequence of podocyte injury and a typical sign of kidney disease. Steroid-sensitive patients react well with glucocorticoids, but there is a high chance of multiple relapses. CD80, also known as B7-1, is generally expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in steroid-sensitive MCD patients. Various glomerular disease models associated with proteinuria demonstrated that the detection of CD80 with the increase of urinary CD80 was strongly associated closely with frequent-relapse MCD patients. The role of CD80 in MCD became controversial because one contradicts finding. This review covers the treatment alternatives for MCD with the insight of CD80 as a potential therapeutic target. The promising effectiveness of CD20 (rituximab) antibody and CD80 inhibitor (abatacept) encourages further investigation of CD80 as a therapeutic target in frequent-relapse MCD patients. Therapeutic-based antibody towards CD80 (galiximab) had never been investigated in MCD or any kidney-related disease; hence, the role of CD80 is still undetermined. A new therapeutic approach towards MCD is essential to provide broader effective treatment options besides the general immunosuppressive agents with gruesome adverse effects.
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Bisphenol A impaired cell adhesion by altering the expression of adhesion and cytoskeleton proteins on human podocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16638. [PMID: 33024228 PMCID: PMC7538920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical -xenoestrogen- used in food containers is present in the urine of almost the entire population. Recently, several extensive population studies have proven a significant association between urinary excretion of BPA and albuminuria. The alteration of glomerular podocytes or "podocytopathy" is a common event in chronic albuminuric conditions. Since many podocytes recovered from patients' urine are viable, we hypothesized that BPA could impair podocyte adhesion capabilities. Using an in vitro adhesion assay, we observed that BPA impaired podocyte adhesion, an effect that was abrogated by Tamoxifen (an estrogen receptor blocker). Genomic and proteomic analyses revealed that BPA affected the expression of several podocyte cytoskeleton and adhesion proteins. Western blot and immunocytochemistry confirmed the alteration in the protein expression of tubulin, vimentin, podocin, cofilin-1, vinculin, E-cadherin, nephrin, VCAM-1, tenascin-C, and β-catenin. Moreover, we also found that BPA, while decreased podocyte nitric oxide production, it lead to overproduction of ion superoxide. In conclusion, our data show that BPA induced a novel type of podocytopathy characterizes by an impairment of podocyte adhesion, by altering the expression of adhesion and cytoskeleton proteins. Moreover, BPA diminished production of podocyte nitric oxide and induced the overproduction of oxygen-free metabolites. These data provide a mechanism by which BPA could participate in the pathogenesis and progression of renal diseases.
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Jiang L, Cui H, Ding J, Yang A, Zhang Y. Puromycin aminonucleoside-induced podocyte injury is ameliorated by the Smad3 inhibitor SIS3. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1601-1611. [PMID: 32583562 PMCID: PMC7396432 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Smad3 signaling and transgelin expression are often activated during puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)‐induced podocyte injury. Here, we investigated whether the Smad3 inhibitor SIS3 can ameliorate damage to injured podocytes. A model of PAN‐induced podocyte injury was constructed using the MPC5 cell line. The effects of SIS3 on the expression of the podocyte cytoskeletal proteins transgelin, p15INK4B, phosphor‐smad3, phosphor‐JAK/stat3, the apoptotic marker cleaved caspase 3, and c‐myc were investigated using western blot. The distribution of F‐actin in PAN‐induced podocyte injury was observed under an immunofluorescence microscope. PAN‐induced podocyte injury altered the distribution of F‐actin and transgelin, and colocalization of these two proteins was observed. Transgelin expression and Smad3 phosphorylation were increased in the MPC5 cell line with prolonged PAN treatment. In addition, c‐myc expression, p15INK4B, and JAK phosphorylation were all increased after treatment with PAN. Treatment with the Smad3 inhibitor SIS3 reversed these phenomena and protected against PAN‐induced podocyte injury. Moreover, stimulating podocytes directly with TGFβ‐1 also led to enhanced expression of transgelin or phosphor‐JAK/stat3, and this could be inhibited by SIS3. In conclusion, transgelin expression was induced through the Smad3 signaling pathway during PAN‐induced podocyte injury, and the resulting abnormal distribution of F‐actin and the enhanced expression of transgelin could be reversed by blockade of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jiang
- Pediatric Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Pediatric Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Pediatric Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aijun Yang
- Pediatric Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- Pediatric Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Crk1/2 and CrkL play critical roles in maintaining podocyte morphology and function. Exp Cell Res 2020; 394:112135. [PMID: 32535035 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes are actin-rich epithelial cells whose effacement and detachment are the main cause of glomerular disease. Crk family proteins: Crk1/2 and CrkL are reported to be important intracellular signaling proteins that are involved in many biological processes. However, the roles of them in maintaining podocyte morphology and function remain poorly understood. In this study, specific knocking down of Crk1/2 and CrkL in podocytes caused abnormal cell morphology, actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and dysfunction in cell adhesion, spreading, migration, and viability. The p130Cas, focal adhesion kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, p38 and JNK signaling pathways involved in these alterations. Furthermore, knocking down CrkL alone conferred a more modest phenotype than did the Crk1/2 knockdown and the double knockdown. Kidney biopsy specimens from patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and minimal change nephropathy showed downregulation of Crk1/2 and CrkL in glomeruli. In zebrafish embryos, Crk1/2 and CrkL knockdown compromised the morphology and caused abnormal glomerular development. Thus, our results suggest that Crk1/2 and CrkL expression are important in podocytes; loss of either will cause podocyte dysfunction, leading to foot process effacement and podocyte detachment.
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11
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Arif E, Solanki AK, Srivastava P, Rahman B, Fitzgibbon WR, Deng P, Budisavljevic MN, Baicu CF, Zile MR, Megyesi J, Janech MG, Kwon SH, Collier J, Schnellmann RG, Nihalani D. Mitochondrial biogenesis induced by the β2-adrenergic receptor agonist formoterol accelerates podocyte recovery from glomerular injury. Kidney Int 2019; 96:656-673. [PMID: 31262488 PMCID: PMC6708766 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes have limited ability to recover from injury. Here, we demonstrate that increased mitochondrial biogenesis, to meet the metabolic and energy demand of a cell, accelerates podocyte recovery from injury. Analysis of events induced during podocyte injury and recovery showed marked upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a transcriptional co-activator of mitochondrial biogenesis, and key components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. To evaluate our hypothesis that increasing mitochondrial biogenesis enhanced podocyte recovery from injury, we treated injured podocytes with formoterol, a potent, specific, and long-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist that induces mitochondrial biogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Formoterol increased mitochondrial biogenesis and restored mitochondrial morphology and the injury-induced changes to the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in podocytes. Importantly, β2-adrenergic receptors were found to be present on podocyte membranes. Their knockdown attenuated formoterol-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. To determine the potential clinical relevance of these findings, mouse models of acute nephrotoxic serum nephritis and chronic (Adriamycin [doxorubicin]) glomerulopathy were used. Mice were treated with formoterol post-injury when glomerular dysfunction was established. Strikingly, formoterol accelerated the recovery of glomerular function by reducing proteinuria and ameliorating kidney pathology. Furthermore, formoterol treatment reduced cellular apoptosis and increased the expression of the mitochondrial biogenesis marker PGC-1α and multiple electron transport chain proteins. Thus, our results support β2-adrenergic receptors as novel therapeutic targets and formoterol as a therapeutic compound for treating podocytopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Arif
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ashish K Solanki
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Pankaj Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bushra Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Wayne R Fitzgibbon
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Peifeng Deng
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Milos N Budisavljevic
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Catalin F Baicu
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael R Zile
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Judit Megyesi
- John C McClelland VA Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Sang-Ho Kwon
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Justin Collier
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
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12
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertension-induced podocyte damage and the relationship with UAE is analyzed in diabetic and nondiabetic participants. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-four hypertensive patients, 30 diabetics, with glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) greater than 60 ml/min per 1.73 m were included. Urinary albumin excretion was measured in morning urine using a nephelometric immunoassay and expressed as albumin/creatinine ratio. Urinary pellets were obtained from fresh urine and mRNA was assessed by real-time quantitative PCR. Likewise, protein podocyte-specific molecules were measured by western blot using specific antibodies. RESULTS Fourteen nondiabetics and 20 diabetics had increased UAE greater than 30 mg/g. In individuals with increased EUA, the mRNA expression of nephrin and CD2AP was low in diabetics, whereas only nephrin mRNA in nondiabetics. No differences were observed in podocalyxin and aquaporin-1 mRNA levels. Concerning the protein values, in both nondiabetic and diabetic patients, nephrin, CD2AP and podocalyxin were increased in patients with increased UAE, with no differences in aquaporin-1. A significant positive relationship was observed between log UAE and nephrin protein values, and an inverse association observed with mRNA. CONCLUSION Hypertensive patients who had elevated UAE showed increased urinary excretion of podocyte-specific proteins coupled with a phenotype of decreased mRNA expression. The phenotype of podocyte-specific mRNA and the increment of nephrin can be used as a valuable marker of early glomerular injury.
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13
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Hochane M, van den Berg PR, Fan X, Bérenger-Currias N, Adegeest E, Bialecka M, Nieveen M, Menschaart M, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Semrau S. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals gene expression dynamics of human fetal kidney development. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000152. [PMID: 30789893 PMCID: PMC6400406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The current understanding of mammalian kidney development is largely based on mouse models. Recent landmark studies revealed pervasive differences in renal embryogenesis between mouse and human. The scarcity of detailed gene expression data in humans therefore hampers a thorough understanding of human kidney development and the possible developmental origin of kidney diseases. In this paper, we present a single-cell transcriptomics study of the human fetal kidney. We identified 22 cell types and a host of marker genes. Comparison of samples from different developmental ages revealed continuous gene expression changes in podocytes. To demonstrate the usefulness of our data set, we explored the heterogeneity of the nephrogenic niche, localized podocyte precursors, and confirmed disease-associated marker genes. With close to 18,000 renal cells from five different developmental ages, this study provides a rich resource for the elucidation of human kidney development, easily accessible through an interactive web application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazène Hochane
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Xueying Fan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Esmée Adegeest
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monika Bialecka
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Nieveen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Susana M. Chuva de Sousa Lopes
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Semrau
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Hoyer KJR, Dittrich S, Bartram MP, Rinschen MM. Quantification of molecular heterogeneity in kidney tissue by targeted proteomics. J Proteomics 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Aberrant activation of Notch-1 signaling inhibits podocyte restoration after islet transplantation in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:950. [PMID: 30237561 PMCID: PMC6148077 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Signaling abnormalities play important roles during podocyte injury and have been indicated as crucial events for triggering many glomerular diseases. There is emerging evidence demonstrating significant improvements in preventing renal injury and restoring podocytes after islet transplantation. However, whether signaling abnormalities affect the therapeutic efficacy of islet transplantation remain unclear. This study was established to investigate the impact of Notch-1 signaling activation on renal injury and podocyte restoration after islet transplantation. Experiments were performed in vivo and in vitro under conditions of diabetic nephropathy and high-glucose medium, respectively. Podocyte injury in vitro was induced by high-glucose concentration, and expression levels of genes associated with the Notch-1 pathway were also regulated by Jagged-1/FC and N-[N-(3,5-Difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]- S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT). Podocytes were co-cultured with islets to investigate the protective effect of islets in high-glucose conditions. Histopathological staining and transmission electron microscopy were performed to assess pathological changes in podocytes in glomeruli. The results from this study showed that Notch-1 signaling in podocytes was significantly decreased by functional islet cells in vivo and in vitro. Compared with the co-cultured group and transplanted group, highly activated Notch-1 signaling significantly moderated the effect of islets in affecting podocyte restoration and renal injury. Renal damage and podocyte injury were alleviated after DAPT treatment. Furthermore, the balance between apoptosis and autophagy was diverse under different treatments. All the data in this study showed that highly activated Notch-1 signaling could affect the therapeutic efficacy of islet transplantation on renal injury and podocyte restoration in high-glucose conditions. The balance between apoptosis and autophagy was also closely associated with the degree of podocyte restoration. This finding may suggest that the in vivo microenvironment plays a critical role in podocyte restoration after islet transplantation, which provides a promising and individual assessment and targeting treatment for different diabetic nephropathy patients after islet transplantation into the future.
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16
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Rauch C, Feifel E, Kern G, Murphy C, Meier F, Parson W, Beilmann M, Jennings P, Gstraunthaler G, Wilmes A. Differentiation of human iPSCs into functional podocytes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203869. [PMID: 30222766 PMCID: PMC6141081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes play a critical role in glomerular barrier function, both in health and disease. However, in vivo terminally differentiated podocytes are difficult to be maintained in in vitro culture. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer the unique possibility for directed differentiation into mature podocytes. The current differentiation protocol to generate iPSC-derived podocyte-like cells provides a robust and reproducible method to obtain podocyte-like cells after 10 days that can be employed in in vitro research and biomedical engineering. Previous published protocols were improved by testing varying differentiation media, growth factors, seeding densities, and time course conditions. Modifications were made to optimize and simplify the one-step differentiation procedure. In contrast to earlier protocols, adherent cells for differentiation were used, the use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) was reduced to a minimum, and thus ß-mercaptoethanol could be omitted. The plating densities of iPSC stocks as well as the seeding densities for differentiation cultures turned out to be a crucial parameter for differentiation results. Conditionally immortalized human podocytes served as reference controls. iPSC-derived podocyte-like cells showed a typical podocyte-specific morphology and distinct expression of podocyte markers synaptopodin, podocin, nephrin and WT-1 after 10 days of differentiation as assessed by immunofluorescence staining or Western blot analysis. qPCR results showed a downregulation of pluripotency markers Oct4 and Sox-2 and a 9-fold upregulation of the podocyte marker synaptopodin during the time course of differentiation. Cultured podocytes exhibited endocytotic uptake of albumin. In toxicological assays, matured podocytes clearly responded to doxorubicin (Adriamycin™) with morphological alterations and a reduction in cell viability after 48 h of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Rauch
- Division of Physiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck Austria
| | - Elisabeth Feifel
- Division of Physiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck Austria
| | - Georg Kern
- Division of Physiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck Austria
| | - Cormac Murphy
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Meier
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Nonclinical Drug Safety Germany, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mario Beilmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Nonclinical Drug Safety Germany, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Physiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck Austria.,Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anja Wilmes
- Division of Physiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck Austria.,Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Chebotareva NV, Bobkova IN, Lysenko LV. The role of podocytes dysfunction in chronic glomerulonephritis progression. TERAPEVT ARKH 2018; 90:92-97. [PMID: 30701911 DOI: 10.26442/terarkh201890692-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the review, the mechanisms of podocytes damage underlying the development of proteinuria and progression of glomerulosclerosis in chronic glomerulonephritis are discussed in detail. The results of experimental and clinical studies are presented. Under the different immune and non-immune factors the podocytes form a stereotyped response to damage consisting in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, foot process effacement, the detachment of podocytes from the glomerular basement membrane, and the appearance of specific podocyte proteins and whole cells (podocyturia) in the urine. Massive podocyturia in a limited proliferative capacity of podocytes leads to reduce their total count in the glomerulus (podocytopenia) and the development of glomerulosclerosis. The authors describe the line of markers of the podocyte injury and invasive and non-invasive methods of their assessment. In addition, the relationship of podocyturia level with proteinuria and renal dysfunction are discussed, the prospects of assessment the podocyte proteins in urine for assessing of glomerular damage severity and glomerulosclerosis risk are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Chebotareva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - I N Bobkova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - L V Lysenko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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