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Iglesias R, Citores L, Gay CC, Ferreras JM. Antifungal Activity of Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:192. [PMID: 38668617 PMCID: PMC11054410 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16040192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The control of crop diseases caused by fungi remains a major problem and there is a need to find effective fungicides that are environmentally friendly. Plants are an excellent source for this purpose because they have developed defense mechanisms to cope with fungal infections. Among the plant proteins that play a role in defense are ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), enzymes obtained mainly from angiosperms that, in addition to inactivating ribosomes, have been studied as antiviral, fungicidal, and insecticidal proteins. In this review, we summarize and discuss the potential use of RIPs (and other proteins with similar activity) as antifungal agents, with special emphasis on RIP/fungus specificity, possible mechanisms of antifungal action, and the use of RIP genes to obtain fungus-resistant transgenic plants. It also highlights the fact that these proteins also have antiviral and insecticidal activity, which makes them very versatile tools for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Iglesias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain; (R.I.); (L.C.)
| | - Lucía Citores
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain; (R.I.); (L.C.)
| | - Claudia C. Gay
- Laboratory of Protein Research, Institute of Basic and Applied Chemistry of Northeast Argentina (UNNE-CONICET), Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, Av. Libertad 5470, Corrientes 3400, Argentina;
| | - José M. Ferreras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain; (R.I.); (L.C.)
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2
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Coculo D, Lionetti V. The Plant Invertase/Pectin Methylesterase Inhibitor Superfamily. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:863892. [PMID: 35401607 PMCID: PMC8990755 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.863892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Invertases (INVs) and pectin methylesterases (PMEs) are essential enzymes coordinating carbohydrate metabolism, stress responses, and sugar signaling. INVs catalyzes the cleavage of sucrose into glucose and fructose, exerting a pivotal role in sucrose metabolism, cellulose biosynthesis, nitrogen uptake, reactive oxygen species scavenging as well as osmotic stress adaptation. PMEs exert a dynamic control of pectin methylesterification to manage cell adhesion, cell wall porosity, and elasticity, as well as perception and signaling of stresses. INV and PME activities can be regulated by specific proteinaceous inhibitors, named INV inhibitors (INVIs) and PME Inhibitors (PMEIs). Despite targeting different enzymes, INVIs and PMEIs belong to the same large protein family named "Plant Invertase/Pectin Methylesterase Inhibitor Superfamily." INVIs and PMEIs, while showing a low aa sequence identity, they share several structural properties. The two inhibitors showed mainly alpha-helices in their secondary structure and both form a non-covalent 1:1 complex with their enzymatic counterpart. Some PMEI members are organized in a gene cluster with specific PMEs. Although the most important physiological information was obtained in Arabidopsis thaliana, there are now several characterized INVI/PMEIs in different plant species. This review provides an integrated and updated overview of this fascinating superfamily, from the specific activity of characterized isoforms to their specific functions in plant physiology. We also highlight INVI/PMEIs as biotechnological tools to control different aspects of plant growth and defense. Some isoforms are discussed in view of their potential applications to improve industrial processes. A review of the nomenclature of some isoforms is carried out to eliminate confusion about the identity and the names of some INVI/PMEI member. Open questions, shortcoming, and opportunities for future research are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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3
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Citores L, Iglesias R, Ferreras JM. Antiviral Activity of Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:80. [PMID: 33499086 PMCID: PMC7912582 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are rRNA N-glycosylases from plants (EC 3.2.2.22) that inactivate ribosomes thus inhibiting protein synthesis. The antiviral properties of RIPs have been investigated for more than four decades. However, interest in these proteins is rising due to the emergence of infectious diseases caused by new viruses and the difficulty in treating viral infections. On the other hand, there is a growing need to control crop diseases without resorting to the use of phytosanitary products which are very harmful to the environment and in this respect, RIPs have been shown as a promising tool that can be used to obtain transgenic plants resistant to viruses. The way in which RIPs exert their antiviral effect continues to be the subject of intense research and several mechanisms of action have been proposed. The purpose of this review is to examine the research studies that deal with this matter, placing special emphasis on the most recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José M. Ferreras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain; (L.C.); (R.I.)
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Construction of eco-biosensor and its potential application for highly selective, sensitive and fast detection of viscumin. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1107:213-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Barbosa MS, da Silva Souza B, Silva Sales AC, de Sousa JDL, da Silva FDS, Araújo Mendes MG, da Costa KRL, de Oliveira TM, Daboit TC, de Oliveira JS. Antifungal Proteins from Plant Latex. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 21:497-506. [PMID: 31746293 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666191119101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Latex, a milky fluid found in several plants, is widely used for many purposes, and its proteins have been investigated by researchers. Many studies have shown that latex produced by some plant species is a natural source of biologically active compounds, and many of the hydrolytic enzymes are related to health benefits. Research on the characterization and industrial and pharmaceutical utility of latex has progressed in recent years. Latex proteins are associated with plants' defense mechanisms, against attacks by fungi. In this respect, there are several biotechnological applications of antifungal proteins. Some findings reveal that antifungal proteins inhibit fungi by interrupting the synthesis of fungal cell walls or rupturing the membrane. Moreover, both phytopathogenic and clinical fungal strains are susceptible to latex proteins. The present review describes some important features of proteins isolated from plant latex which presented in vitro antifungal activities: protein classification, function, molecular weight, isoelectric point, as well as the fungal species that are inhibited by them. We also discuss their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayck Silva Barbosa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Laticifer Plants, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaiba- PI, Brazil
| | - Bruna da Silva Souza
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Laticifer Plants, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaiba- PI, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Silva Sales
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Laticifer Plants, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaiba- PI, Brazil
| | - Jhoana D'arc Lopes de Sousa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Laticifer Plants, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaiba- PI, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Gabriela Araújo Mendes
- Group of Advanced Studies in Medical Mycology, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaiba-PI, Brazil
| | - Káritta Raquel Lustoza da Costa
- Group of Advanced Studies in Medical Mycology, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaiba-PI, Brazil
| | - Taiane Maria de Oliveira
- Research Center on Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaiba-PI, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Caroline Daboit
- Group of Advanced Studies in Medical Mycology, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaiba-PI, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Soares de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Laticifer Plants, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaiba- PI, Brazil
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6
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Alyousef AA, Mateen A, Al-Akeel R, Alqasim A, Al-Sheikh Y, Alqahtani MS, Syed R. Screening & analysis of anionic peptides from Foeniculum vulgare Mill by mass spectroscopy. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:660-664. [PMID: 31048989 PMCID: PMC6486522 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) member from the family Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) and has been used in Saudi Arabia as an medicine as of the from the tradition. Our previous work with seed extracts of this plant generated DEAE-ion exchange purified proteins that exhibited antibacterial properties. The current study moves this work forward by using 2-D gel separation and MALDI TOF/TOF to identify proteins in this active extract. Fourteen protein spots were excised, digested, and identified. Several putative functions were identified, including: a copper-trans locating ATPase PAA1 chloroplastic-like isoform X1; a cytosolic enolase; a putative pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein; an NADP-requiring isocitrate dehydrogenase; two proteins annotated as being encoded downstream from Son-like proteins; three probable nuclear proteins 5–1; and four predicted/ unidentified proteins. Future efforts will further characterize their relevant antimicrobial properties with the aim of cloning and high throughput synthesis of the antimicrobial element(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Alyousef
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayesha Mateen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raid Al-Akeel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alqasim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed Al-Sheikh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabbani Syed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Gholizadeh A. Purification of a ribosome-inactivating protein with antioxidation and root developer potencies from Celosia plumosa. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:243-251. [PMID: 30804646 PMCID: PMC6352530 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Considering Celosia plumosa as a potent antiviral plant, the attempt was made to determine, purify and characterize its proteinaceous antiviral elements against tobacco mosaic virus hypersensitive response on Nicotiana glutinosa. By using 60% ammonium sulphate-precipitation, FPLC-based anion and cation-exchange chromatography in 10 and 50 mM NaCl, size-exclusion chromatography in 50 mM NaCl and SDS-PAGE 10%, a 25 kD antiviral protein with ribosome-inactivating/28S rRNase ability was purified from the leaves of C. plumosa at vegetative growth stage. The purified protein showed FRAP-based antioxidant activity in vitro and caused 1.7-fold and 1.4-fold increases in the growth rate of root system upon carborundum-based application on the root growth medium of N. glutinosa. The present work reports an antiviral protein with ribosome-inactivating, antioxidation and root developer potencies in C. plumosa as an edible or ornamental plant that may be useful in health and agricultural biotechnology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Gholizadeh
- Iran National Science Foundation (INSF), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences (RIFS), University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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8
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Tan YJ, Zhou GS, Guo S, Yan H, Zhang J, Zhu ZH, Shi XQ, Yue SJ, Tang YP, Huang SL, Peng GP, Duan JA. Simultaneous optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of antioxidant and anticoagulation activities of compounds from Leonurus japonicus Houtt. by response surface methodology. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40748-40759. [PMID: 35557879 PMCID: PMC9091479 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leonurus japonicus Houtt. is a herbaceous annual of the Lamiaceae family with pantropical distribution; it is called motherwort in China. It plays important roles in anticoagulation and antioxidation. This study aimed to explore the optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of multiple compounds from motherwort as well as their antioxidant and anticoagulation activities using response surface methodology. Box–Behnken design was employed to optimize three significant influences, namely extraction time, extraction temperature and ethanol concentration. The optimum extraction parameters acquired based on a combination of the yield of the target compounds and their antioxidant and anticoagulation activities were an extraction time of 38.2 min, an extraction temperature of 30.0 °C, an ethanol concentration of 48.9% (v/v), a solid–liquid ratio of 30.0 mL g−1 and an ultrasonic power of 500.0 W. Under the optimal conditions, the maximal yield of the anticoagulation and antioxidant compounds of motherwort was 0.994%; the thrombin time was 19.872 s; prothrombin time was 8.270 s; the activated partial thromboplastin time was 15.535 s; the fibrinogen was 1.420 g L−1; and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity was 1.503 mg mL−1. The optimized conditions model showed a good correlation between the predicted and experimental values. According to the results of our study, the optimization extraction significantly enabled study of the anticoagulation and antioxidant activities of compounds in motherwort; this may contribute to future research on the pharmacological activities of motherwort. Leonurus japonicus Houtt. is a herbaceous annual of the Lamiaceae family with pantropical distribution; it is called motherwort in China.![]()
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Pizzo E, Oliva R, Morra R, Bosso A, Ragucci S, Petraccone L, Del Vecchio P, Di Maro A. Binding of a type 1 RIP and of its chimeric variant to phospholipid bilayers: evidence for a link between cytotoxicity and protein/membrane interactions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:2106-2112. [PMID: 28797563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are enzymes, almost all identified in plants, able to kill cells by depurination of rRNAs. Recently, in order to improve resistance to proteolysis of a type 1 RIP (PD-L4), we produced a recombinant chimera combining it with a wheat protease inhibitor (WSCI). Resulting chimeric construct, named PD-L4UWSCI, in addition to present the functions of the two domains, shows also an enhanced cytotoxic action on murine cancer cells when compared to PD-L4. Since different ways of interaction of proteins with membranes imply different resulting effects on cells, in this study we investigate conformational stability of PD-L4 and PD-L4UWSCI and their interaction with membrane models (liposomes). Circular dichroism analysis and differential scanning calorimetry measurements indicate that PD-L4 and PD-L4UWSCI present high and similar conformational stability, whereas analysis of their binding to liposomes, obtained by isothermal titration calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, clearly indicate that chimera is able to interact with biomembranes more effectively. Overall, our data point out that WSCI domain, probably because of its flexibility in solution, enhances the chimeric protein interaction with membrane lipid surfaces without however destabilizing the overall protein structure. Analysis of interactions between RIPs or RIP based conjugates and lipid surfaces could provide novel insights in the search of more effective selective membrane therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio Pizzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosario Oliva
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rita Morra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Bosso
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sara Ragucci
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Petraccone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pompea Del Vecchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Antimo Di Maro
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
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Al Akeel R, Mateen A, Syed R, Alyousef AA, Shaik MR. Screening, Purification and Characterization of Anionic Antimicrobial Proteins from Foeniculum Vulgare. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040602. [PMID: 28397764 PMCID: PMC6154099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Foeniculum vulgare Mill., commonly called fennel, is a medicinal plant belonging to the Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) family, and is used in traditional medicine. Antibacterial peptides were isolated using sodium phosphate citrate buffer and, for extraction, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) buffer with pH 6, have been employed and antimicrobial activity tested against four reference strains. The extracted protein was subjected to 3 kDa dialysis and separation was carried out by DEAE-ion exchange chromatography and further proteins were identified by 2D gel electrophoresis. The results of Foeniculum vulgare elutes obtained from DEAE-ion exchange chromatography were tested for antibacterial activity. Elute 3 shows the highest antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a diameter of a zone of inhibition of 16 mm and IC50 value 25.02 (mcg/mL). Based on the findings of the wide usage in treatment of various ailments and day-to-day life, Foeniculum vulgare seeds were used in the present research and have shown promising antibacterial effects, which requires further proteomic research to authenticate the role of the anticipated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raid Al Akeel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ayesha Mateen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rabbani Syed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah A Alyousef
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Ajji PK, Walder K, Puri M. Functional Analysis of a Type-I Ribosome Inactivating Protein Balsamin from Momordica balsamina with Anti-Microbial and DNase Activity. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 71:265-71. [PMID: 27319013 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) have received considerable attention in biomedical research because of their unique activities towards tumor and virus-infected cells. We extracted balsamin, a type-I RIP, from Momordica balsamina. In the present study, a detailed investigation on DNase activity, antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity was conducted using purified balsamin. DNase-like activity of balsamin towards plasmid DNA was pH, incubation time and temperature dependent. Moreover, the presence of Mg(2+) (10-50 mM) influenced the DNA cleavage activity. Balsamin also demonstrated reducing power and a capacity to scavenge free radicals in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, the protein exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli, which suggests potential utility of balsamin as a nutraceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parminder Kaur Ajji
- Bioprocessing Laboratory, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environment Sciences, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, 3220, Victoria, Australia
- Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Munish Puri
- Bioprocessing Laboratory, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environment Sciences, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, 3220, Victoria, Australia.
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12
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Pizzo E, Di Maro A. A new age for biomedical applications of Ribosome Inactivating Proteins (RIPs): from bioconjugate to nanoconstructs. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:54. [PMID: 27439918 PMCID: PMC4955249 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are enzymes (3.2.2.22) that possess N-glycosilase activity that irreversibly inhibits protein synthesis. RIPs have been found in plants, fungi, algae, and bacteria; their biological role is still under investigation, even if it has been recognized their role in plant defence against predators and viruses. Nevertheless, several studies on these toxins have been performed to evaluate their applicability in the biomedical field making RIPs selectively toxic towards target cells. Indeed, these molecules are extensively used to produce chimeric biomolecules, such as immunotoxins or protein/peptides conjugates. However, to date, clinical use of most of these bioconiujates has been limited by toxicity and immunogenicity. More recently, material sciences have provided a wide range of nanomaterials to be used as excellent vehicles for toxin-delivery, since they are characterized by improved stability, solubility, and in vivo pharmacokinetics. This review discusses progresses in the development of RIPs bioconjugates, with particular attention to the recent use of nanomaterials, whose appropriate design opens up a broad range of different possibilities to the use of RIPs in novel therapeutic approaches in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio Pizzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antimo Di Maro
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
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13
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Biological and antipathogenic activities of ribosome-inactivating proteins from Phytolacca dioica L. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1256-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Citores L, Iglesias R, Gay C, Ferreras JM. Antifungal activity of the ribosome-inactivating protein BE27 from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) against the green mould Penicillium digitatum. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2016; 17:261-271. [PMID: 25976013 PMCID: PMC6638414 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The ribosome-inactivating protein BE27 from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves is an apoplastic protein induced by signalling compounds, such as hydrogen peroxide and salicylic acid, which has been reported to be involved in defence against viruses. Here, we report that, at a concentration much lower than that present in the apoplast, BE27 displays antifungal activity against the green mould Penicillium digitatum, a necrotrophic fungus that colonizes wounds and grows in the inter- and intracellular spaces of the tissues of several edible plants. BE27 is able to enter into the cytosol and kill fungal cells, thus arresting the growth of the fungus. The mechanism of action seems to involve ribosomal RNA (rRNA) N-glycosylase activity on the sarcin-ricin loop of the major rRNA which inactivates irreversibly the fungal ribosomes, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. We compared the C-terminus of the BE27 structure with antifungal plant defensins and hypothesize that a structural motif composed of an α-helix and a β-hairpin, similar to the γ-core motif of defensins, might contribute to the specific interaction with the fungal plasma membranes, allowing the protein to enter into the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Citores
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rosario Iglesias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carolina Gay
- Laboratory of Research on Proteins, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of the Northeast (UNNE), 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - José Miguel Ferreras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
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Akkouh O, Ng TB, Cheung RCF, Wong JH, Pan W, Ng CCW, Sha O, Shaw PC, Chan WY. Biological activities of ribosome-inactivating proteins and their possible applications as antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-pest agents and in neuroscience research. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9847-63. [PMID: 26394859 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are enzymes which depurinate ribosomal RNA (rRNA), thus impeding the process of translation resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis. They are produced by various organisms including plants, fungi and bacteria. RIPs from plants are linked to plant defense due to their antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, and insecticidal activities in which they can be applied in agriculture to combat microbial pathogens and pests. Their anticancer, antiviral, embryotoxic, and abortifacient properties may find medicinal applications. Besides, conjugation of RIPs with antibodies or other carriers to form immunotoxins has been found useful to research in neuroscience and anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouafae Akkouh
- Department of Biology and Medical Laboratory Research, Faculty of Technology, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Zernikdreef 11, 2333 CK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Randy Chi Fai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Wenliang Pan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Charlene Cheuk Wing Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Ou Sha
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Pang Chui Shaw
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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Zhang B, Xie C, Wei Y, Li J, Yang X. Purification and characterisation of an antifungal protein, MCha-Pr, from the intercellular fluid of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) leaves. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 107:43-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Iglesias R, Citores L, Di Maro A, Ferreras JM. Biological activities of the antiviral protein BE27 from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). PLANTA 2015; 241:421-433. [PMID: 25326773 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ribosome inactivating protein BE27 displays several biological activities in vitro that could result in a broad action against several types of pathogens. Beetin 27 (BE27), a ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves, is an antiviral protein induced by virus and signaling compounds such as hydrogen peroxide and salicylic acid. Its role as a defense protein has been attributed to its RNA polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity. Here we tested other putative activities of BE27 that could have a defensive role against pathogens finding that BE27 displays rRNA N-glycosidase activity against yeast and Agrobacterium tumefaciens ribosomes, DNA polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity against herring sperm DNA, and magnesium-dependent endonuclease activity against the supercoiled plasmid PUC19 (nicking activity). The nicking activity could be a consequence of an unusual conformation of the BE27 active site, similar to that of PD-L1, a RIP from Phytolacca dioica L. leaves. Additionally, BE27 possesses superoxide dismutase activity, thus being able to produce the signal compound hydrogen peroxide. BE27 is also toxic to COLO 320 cells, inducing apoptosis in these cells by either activating the caspase pathways and/or inhibiting protein synthesis. The combined effect of these biological activities could result in a broad action against several types of pathogens such as virus, bacteria, fungi or insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Iglesias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
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18
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Optimum extraction of polysaccharides from motherwort leaf and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 112:396-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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A novel method for simultaneous production of two ribosome-inactivating proteins, α-MMC and MAP30, from Momordica charantia L. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101998. [PMID: 25003606 PMCID: PMC4086979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-momorcharin (α-MMC) and momordica anti-HIV protein (MAP30) from Momordica charantia L. have been confirmed to possess anti-tumor and anti-virus activities. Traditional purification methods of these two ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) were separate which was time consuming and cost effective as well as low efficient. In order to obtain sufficient samples for researches, a strategy combining ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography was developed and optimized in this study. Using this novel purification method, averagely 1162 mg of α-MMC and 535 mg of MAP30 were obtained from 400 g of Momordica charantia L seeds. The homogeneities of them were assessed by electrophoresis analysis. Determination of molecular weights of α-MMC and MAP30 were 28.585 kDa and 29.094 kDa by MALDI-TOF/TOF and pI were 9.02 and 9.12, respectively. The single glycoproteins were identified by Periodate-Schiff's base (PAS) and the saccharide content was tested to be 1.25% and 1.1% by anthrone-sulfuric acid method. Biological activities were evidenced by their ability to inhibit proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell and to convert supercoiled plasmid pUC18 into relaxed forms. Finally, we also found that both two RIPs exhibited no superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity.
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Polito L, Bortolotti M, Mercatelli D, Mancuso R, Baruzzi G, Faedi W, Bolognesi A. Protein synthesis inhibition activity by strawberry tissue protein extracts during plant life cycle and under biotic and abiotic stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:15532-45. [PMID: 23892598 PMCID: PMC3759871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140815532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), enzymes that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, inhibit protein synthesis by depurinating rRNA and many other polynucleotidic substrates. Although RIPs show antiviral, antifungal, and insecticidal activities, their biological and physiological roles are not completely understood. Additionally, it has been described that RIP expression is augmented under stressful conditions. In this study, we evaluated protein synthesis inhibition activity in partially purified basic proteins (hereafter referred to as RIP activity) from tissue extracts of Fragaria × ananassa (strawberry) cultivars with low (Dora) and high (Record) tolerance to root pathogens and fructification stress. Association between the presence of RIP activity and the crop management (organic or integrated soil), growth stage (quiescence, flowering, and fructification), and exogenous stress (drought) were investigated. RIP activity was found in every tissue tested (roots, rhizomes, leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits) and under each tested condition. However, significant differences in RIP distribution were observed depending on the soil and growth stage, and an increase in RIP activity was found in the leaves of drought-stressed plants. These results suggest that RIP expression and activity could represent a response mechanism against biotic and abiotic stresses and could be a useful tool in selecting stress-resistant strawberry genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Polito
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES); Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy; E-Mails: (L.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Massimo Bortolotti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES); Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy; E-Mails: (L.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Daniele Mercatelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES); Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy; E-Mails: (L.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Rossella Mancuso
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES); Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy; E-Mails: (L.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Gianluca Baruzzi
- Agricultural Research Council (CRA-FRF), Forlì 47121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.B.); (W.F.)
| | - Walther Faedi
- Agricultural Research Council (CRA-FRF), Forlì 47121, Italy; E-Mails: (G.B.); (W.F.)
| | - Andrea Bolognesi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES); Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy; E-Mails: (L.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (R.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-05-1209-4729; Fax: +39-05-1209-4746
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Reyes AG, Anné J, Mejía A. Ribosome-inactivating proteins with an emphasis on bacterial RIPs and their potential medical applications. Future Microbiol 2012; 7:705-17. [PMID: 22702525 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.12.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are toxic due to their N-glycosidase activity catalyzing depurination at the universally conserved α-sarcin loop of the 60S ribosomal subunit. In addition, RIPs have been shown to also have other enzymatic activities, including polynucleotide:adenosine glycosidase activity. RIPs are mainly produced by different plant species, but are additionally found in a number of bacteria, fungi, algae and some mammalian tissues. This review describes the occurrence of RIPs, with special emphasis on bacterial RIPs, including the Shiga toxin and RIP in Streptomyces coelicolor recently identified in S. coelicolor. The properties of RIPs, such as enzymatic activity and targeting specificity, and how their unique biological activity could be potentially turned into medical or agricultural tools to combat tumors, viruses and fungi, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Reyes
- Departamento de Biotecnología, División de Ciencias Biológicas & de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
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22
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Małecki PH, Rypniewski W, Szymański M, Barciszewski J, Meyer A. Binding of the plant hormone kinetin in the active site of Mistletoe Lectin I from Viscum album. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1824:334-8. [PMID: 22064121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the ribosome inhibiting protein Mistletoe Lectin I (ML-I) derived from the European mistletoe, Viscum album, in complex with kinetin has been refined at 2.7Å resolution. Suitably large crystals of ML-I were obtained applying the counter diffusion method using the Gel Tube R Crystallization Kit (GT-R) on board the Russian Service Module on the international space station ISS within the GCF mission No. 6, arranged by the Japanese aerospace exploration agency (JAXA). Hexagonal bi-pyramidal crystals were grown during three months under microgravity. Before data collection the crystals were soaked in a saturated solution of kinetin and diffraction data to 2.7Å were collected using synchrotron radiation and cryogenic techniques. The atomic model was refined and revealed a single kinetin molecule in the ribosome inactivation site of ML-I. The complex demonstrates the feasibility of mistletoe to bind plant hormones out of the host regulation system as part of a self protection mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr H Małecki
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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23
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Choudhary NL, Yadav OP, Lodha ML. Ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, and antiviral activity of Escherichia coli-expressed Bougainvillea xbuttiana antiviral protein 1. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 73:273-7. [DOI: 10.1134/s000629790803005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Takai K, Sawasaki T, Endo Y. Chapter 2. Development of key technologies for high-throughput cell-free protein production with the extract from wheat embryos. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2011; 75:53-84. [PMID: 20731989 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3233(07)75002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
The cell-free translation system from wheat embryos had been considered to be inefficient as compared with the E. coli cell-based and cell-free protein production methods. However, it was revealed that the extract from extensively washed wheat embryo particles can provide a very productive cell-free protein synthesis system. Since then, the method has been improved, so that it fits the postgenomic researches. New mRNA configurations enabled us to synthesize many different proteins in parallel and to prepare large amounts of proteins, which fits the need for screening of suitable proteins for structural and functional analyses before large-scale production. The new reaction formats promoted the developments of new machines that perform highly parallel and highly productive protein synthesis reactions automatically. It was revealed that, by parallel synthesis of many proteins, much more multidomain proteins are produced in soluble forms in the wheat system than in the prokaryotic systems. The wheat system provides a rapid and cost-effective method for stable isotope labeling of proteins for NMR analyses. Selenomethionine substitution of proteins for X-ray crystallography through the cell-free synthesis was also achieved. Synthesis of some families of proteins that were difficult to be produced by conventional methods has been tested. At least, cytotoxic restriction enzymes were readily produced in a large amount. Some multisubunit proteins and cofactor-binding proteins could be synthesized by the method and were characterized successfully. Membrane proteins have also been tested, and a transporter was synthesized in an active form. Although some issues remains to be solved, we expect that the wheat cell-free protein synthesis system can contribute to the structural and functional genomics and to the future understanding of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Takai
- Cell-Free Science and Technology Research Center, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
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25
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Tartarini A, Pittaluga E, Marcozzi G, Testone G, Rodrigues-Pousada RA, Giannino D, Spanò L. Differential expression of saporin genes upon wounding, ABA treatment and leaf development. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2010; 140:141-52. [PMID: 20536785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2010.01388.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Saporins are type 1 ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs: EC 3.2.2.22) produced in various organs of Saponaria officinalis L. Two distinct saporin types, saporin-L and saporin-S isoforms, were respectively purified from the intra- and extra-cellular fractions of soapwort leaves. The saporin-L isoform was lowly identical, differed for toxicity, molecular mass and amino acid composition from saporin-S proteins forming a new monophyletic group. Genes encoding both L- and S-type isoforms were cloned from leaf-specific cDNA library; the encoded products included the N-terminal diversity observed by protein sequencing and showed compatible weights with those from mass spectra. These genes were intron-less belonging to small gene families. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction/quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction experiments evidenced their differential expression during leaf development, wounding and abscisic acid treatment. These results suggest that the saporin-L and -S proteins may play diversified roles during stress responses.
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MESH Headings
- Abscisic Acid/pharmacology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology
- Plant Leaves/genetics
- Plant Leaves/growth & development
- Plant Leaves/metabolism
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1/classification
- Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1/genetics
- Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1/metabolism
- Saponaria/genetics
- Saponaria/growth & development
- Saponaria/metabolism
- Saporins
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Stress, Mechanical
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tartarini
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
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26
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Parente A, Berisio R, Chambery A, Di Maro A. Type 1 Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins from the Ombú Tree (Phytolacca dioica L.). TOXIC PLANT PROTEINS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-12176-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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27
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Balconi C, Lanzanova C, Motto M. Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins in Cereals. TOXIC PLANT PROTEINS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-12176-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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28
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Qin X, Zheng X, Shao C, Gao J, Jiang L, Zhu X, Yan F, Tang L, Xu Y, Chen F. Stress-induced curcin-L promoter in leaves of Jatropha curcas L. and characterization in transgenic tobacco. PLANTA 2009; 230:387-95. [PMID: 19475419 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-009-0956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) represent a type of protein that universally inactivates the ribosome thus inhibiting protein biosynthesis. Curcin-L was a type I RIP found in Jatropha curcas L.. Its expression could be activated in leaves by treatments with abscisic acid, salicylic acid, polyethylene glycol, temperature 4, 45 degrees C and ultraviolet light. A 654 bp fragment of a 5' flanking region preceding the curcin-L gene, designated CP2, was cloned from the J. curcas genome and its expression pattern was studied via the expression of the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene in transgenic tobacco. Analysis of GUS activities showed that the CP2 was leaf specific, and was able to drive the expression of the reporter gene under stress-induction conditions. Analysis of a series of 5'-deletions of the CP2 suggested that several promoter motifs were necessary to respond to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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Meyer A, Rypniewski W, Szymański M, Voelter W, Barciszewski J, Betzel C. Structure of mistletoe lectin I from Viscum album in complex with the phytohormone zeatin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2008; 1784:1590-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2008.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Parente A, Conforto B, Di Maro A, Chambery A, De Luca P, Bolognesi A, Iriti M, Faoro F. Type 1 ribosome-inactivating proteins from Phytolacca dioica L. leaves: differential seasonal and age expression, and cellular localization. PLANTA 2008; 228:963-975. [PMID: 18704492 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-008-0796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The expression of type 1 ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) in Phytolacca dioica L. leaves was investigated. Fully expanded leaves of young P. dioica plants (up to 3 years old) expressed two novel RIPs, dioicin 1 and dioicin 2. The former was also found in developing leaves from adult P. dioica within about two and a half weeks after leaf development, and the latter continuously synthesized, with no seasonal or ontogenetic constraint. Fully expanded leaves from adult P. dioica expressed four RIPs (PD-Ls1-4) exhibiting seasonal variation. RIPs were localized in the extracellular space, in the vacuole and in the Golgi apparatus of mesophyll cells. Dioicin 1 and dioicin 2 showed rRNA N-beta-glycosidase activity and displayed the following properties, respectively: (1) Mr values of 30,047.00 and 29,910.00, (2) pIs of 8.74 and 9.37, and (3) IC(50) values of 19.74 (0.658 nM) and 6.85 ng/mL (0.229 nM). Furthermore, they showed adenine polynucleotide glycosylase activity and nicked pBR322 dsDNA. The amino acid sequence of dioicin 2 had 266 amino acid residues, and the highest percentage identity (81.6%) and similarity (84.6%) with PAP-II from Phytolacca americana, while its identity with other RIPs from Phytolaccaceae was around 40%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Parente
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, Caserta, Italy.
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31
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Choudhary N, Kapoor HC, Lodha ML. Cloning and expression of antiviral/ribosome-inactivating protein from Bougainvillea xbuttiana. J Biosci 2008; 33:91-101. [PMID: 18376074 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-008-0025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A full-length cDNA encoding ribosome-inactivating/antiviral protein (RIP/AVP)from the leaves of Bougainvillea x buttiana was isolated. The cDNA consisted of 1364 nucleotides with an open reading frame (ORF)of 960 nucleotides encoding a 35.49 kDa protein of 319 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence has a putative active domain conserved in RIPs/AVPs and shows a varying phylogenetic relationship to the RIPs from other plant species. The deduced protein has been designated BBAP1 (Bougainvillea x buttiana antiviral protein1). The ORF was cloned into an expression vector and expressed in E.coli as a fusion protein of approximately 78 kDa. The cleaved and purified recombinant BBAP1 exhibited ribosome-inhibiting rRNA N-glycosidase activity,and imparted a high level of resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandlal Choudhary
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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Jiang SY, Ramamoorthy R, Bhalla R, Luan HF, Venkatesh PN, Cai M, Ramachandran S. Genome-wide survey of the RIP domain family in Oryza sativa and their expression profiles under various abiotic and biotic stresses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 67:603-614. [PMID: 18493723 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-008-9342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are N-glycosidases that inhibit protein synthesis by depurinating rRNA. Despite their identification more than 25 years ago, little is known about their biological functions. Here, we report a genome-wide identification of the RIP family in rice based on the complete genome sequence analysis. Our data show that rice genome encodes at least 31 members of this family and they all belong to type 1 RIP genes. This family might have evolved in parallel to species evolution and genome-wide duplications represent the major mechanism for this family expansion. Subsequently, we analyzed their expression under biotic (bacteria and fungus infection), abiotic (cold, drought and salinity) and the phytohormone ABA treatment. These data showed that some members of this family were expressed in various tissues with differentiated expression abundances whereas several members showed no expression under normal growth conditions or various environmental stresses. On the other hand, the expression of many RIP members was regulated by various abiotic and biotic stresses. All these data suggested that specific members of the RIP family in rice might play important roles in biotic and abiotic stress-related biological processes and function as a regulator of various environmental cues and hormone signaling. They may be potentially useful in improving plant tolerance to various abiotic and biotic stresses by over-expressing or suppressing these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ye Jiang
- Rice Functional Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, The National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
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De-la-Peña C, Badri DV, Vivanco JM. Novel role for pectin methylesterase in Arabidopsis: A new function showing ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2008; 1780:773-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rotthues A, Kappler J, Lichtfuss A, Kloos DU, Stahl DJ, Hehl R. Post-harvest regulated gene expression and splicing efficiency in storage roots of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). PLANTA 2008; 227:1321-1332. [PMID: 18324413 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-008-0704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen post-harvest upregulated genes from sugar beet comprising five novel sequences were isolated by subtractive cloning. Transcription profiles covering a period of up to 49 days after harvest under controlled storage conditions and in field clamps are reported. Post-harvest induced genes are involved in wound response, pathogen defense, dehydration stress, and detoxification of reactive oxygen species. An early induction of a cationic peroxidase indicates a response to post-harvest damage. Wound response reactions may also involve genes required for cell division such as a regulator of chromatin condensation and a precursor of the growth stimulating peptide phytohormone phytosulfokine-alpha. Surprisingly, also three putative non-protein coding genes were isolated. Two of these genes show intron specific and storage temperature dependent splicing of a precursor mRNA. The temperature dependent splicing of an intron containing sugar beet mRNA is also maintained in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. The storage induced genes are integrated into a model that proposes the response to several post-harvest stress conditions. Temperature regulated splicing may be a mechanism to sense seasonal temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rotthues
- Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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Iglesias R, Pérez Y, Citores L, Ferreras JM, Méndez E, Girbés T. Elicitor-dependent expression of the ribosome-inactivating protein beetin is developmentally regulated. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2008; 59:1215-1223. [PMID: 18343888 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ern030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BE27 and BE29 are two forms of beetin, a virus-inducible type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein isolated from leaves of Beta vulgaris L. Western blot analysis revealed the presence of beetin forms in adult plants but not in germ or young plants, indicating that the expression of these proteins is developmentally regulated. While beetins are expressed only in adult plants, their transcripts are present through all stages of development. In addition, the treatment of B. vulgaris leaves with mediators of plant-acquired resistance such as salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide promoted the expression of beetin by induction of its transcript, but only in adult plants. The plant expresses three mRNAs which differ only in their 3' untranslated region. All these observations suggest a dual regulation of beetin expression, i.e. at the post-transcriptional and transcriptional levels. Additionally, total RNA isolated from leaves treated with hydrogen peroxide, which express high levels of active beetin, is not de-adenylated by endogenous beetin, nor in vitro by the addition of BE27, thus suggesting that sugar beet ribosomes are resistant to beetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Iglesias
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, E-47005 Valladolid, Spain
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36
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Ferreira RB, Monteiro S, Freitas R, Santos CN, Chen Z, Batista LM, Duarte J, Borges A, Teixeira AR. The role of plant defence proteins in fungal pathogenesis. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2007; 8:677-700. [PMID: 20507530 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2007.00419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY It is becoming increasingly evident that a plant-pathogen interaction may be compared to an open warfare, whose major weapons are proteins synthesized by both organisms. These weapons were gradually developed in what must have been a multimillion-year evolutionary game of ping-pong. The outcome of each battle results in the establishment of resistance or pathogenesis. The plethora of resistance mechanisms exhibited by plants may be grouped into constitutive and inducible, and range from morphological to structural and chemical defences. Most of these mechanisms are defensive, exhibiting a passive role, but some are highly active against pathogens, using as major targets the fungal cell wall, the plasma membrane or intracellular targets. A considerable overlap exists between pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and antifungal proteins. However, many of the now considered 17 families of PR proteins do not present any known role as antipathogen activity, whereas among the 13 classes of antifungal proteins, most are not PR proteins. Discovery of novel antifungal proteins and peptides continues at a rapid pace. In their long coevolution with plants, phytopathogens have evolved ways to avoid or circumvent the plant defence weaponry. These include protection of fungal structures from plant defence reactions, inhibition of elicitor-induced plant defence responses and suppression of plant defences. A detailed understanding of the molecular events that take place during a plant-pathogen interaction is an essential goal for disease control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo B Ferreira
- Departamento de Botânica e Engenharia Biológica, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
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37
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Endocytosis of pulchellin and its recombinant B-chain into K-562 cells: binding and uptake studies. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2007; 1770:1660-6. [PMID: 17920772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Revised: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most of the type 2 ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are toxins formed by an RNA-N-glycosidase A-chain polypeptide linked to a lectin B-chain by a single disulfide bond. Members of this protein class vary greatly in cytotoxity, correlating more with B-chain diversity rather than to A-chain differences. Pulchellin is a type 2 ribosome-inactivating protein toxin found in the seeds of Abrus pulchellus tenuiflorus. Recombinant pulchellin B-Chain (rPBC) has been previously produced as inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli and successfully refolded recovering biological activity. New approaches for using this kind of protein as a biotechnological tool require a better understanding of cell targeting, binding, uptake, intracellular routing and delivery. In this work, cell adhesion experiments were used to determine the interaction of rPBC with mammalian cells. Fluorescence and confocal microscopy revealed the intracellular localization and trafficking. Subcellular sorting of the native pulchellin could also be determined. The results support that the endosomal internalization pathway and the retrograde transport through the Golgi apparatus might be used by both native protein and rPBC.
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Barciszewski J, Massino F, Clark BFC. Kinetin--a multiactive molecule. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 40:182-92. [PMID: 16899291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinins are important adenine derivatives that serve as hormones to control many processes in plants. They were discovered as factors that promote cell division in tobacco tissue cultures and have been shown also to regulate several other developmental events. Kinetin which was isolated 50 years ago for the first time as a plant hormone, as well as other cytokinins isopentenyladenine, zeatin and benzylaminopurine induce callus (clusters of dedifferentiated plant cells) to redifferentiate into adventitious buds. Because of some similarities in the biological phenotypes of cancer and callus cells, cytokinins and especially kinetin, affect the differentiation of human cells through a common signal transduction system. Therefore, cytokinins found their way to use in molecular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Barciszewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
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Yang X, Xiao Y, Wang X, Pei Y. Expression of a novel small antimicrobial protein from the seeds of motherwort (Leonurus japonicus) confers disease resistance in tobacco. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:939-46. [PMID: 17158620 PMCID: PMC1800757 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02016-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are valuable resources of natural antimicrobial materials. A novel small protein with antimicrobial activities, designated LJAMP1, was purified from the seeds of a medicinal herb, motherwort (Leonurus japonicus Houtt). LJAMP1 is a heat-stable protein with a molecular mass of 7.8 kDa and a determined isoelectric point of 8.2. In vitro assays showed that LJAMP1 inhibits the growth of an array of fungi and bacteria. The hyphal growth inhibition by LJAMP1 was more evident against hyphomycete fungi, such as Alternaria alternata, Cercospora personata, and Aspergillus niger. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of LJAMP1 was determined, and its coding gene was consequently cloned by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The gene LJAMP1 has no intron and encodes a polypeptide of 95 amino acids, in which the first 27 residues was deduced as a signal peptide. The mature LJAMP1 shows relatively low identity to plant napin-like storage proteins. Northern blot assays revealed that LJAMP1 is expressed preferentially in seeds. Bioassays in transgenic tobacco demonstrated that that overexpression of LJAMP1 significantly enhanced the resistance of tobacco against not only the fungal pathogen A. alternata but also the bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, while no visible alteration in plant growth and development was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyong Yang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest Agricultural University, 400716 Chongqing, China.
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40
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Yang X, Li J, Li X, She R, Pei Y. Isolation and characterization of a novel thermostable non-specific lipid transfer protein-like antimicrobial protein from motherwort (Leonurus japonicus Houtt) seeds. Peptides 2006; 27:3122-8. [PMID: 16979797 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Revised: 07/28/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In screening for potent antimicrobial proteins from plant seeds, a novel heat-stable antimicrobial protein, designated LJAMP2, was purified from seeds of the motherwort (Leonurus japonicus Houtt), a medicine herb, with a procedure involving cation exchange chromatography on a CM FF column, and reverse phase HPLCs on C8 column and C18 column. LJAMP2 exhibited a molecular mass of 6.2 kDa determined. Automated Edman degradation determined the partial N-terminal sequence of LJAMP2 to be NH2-AIGCNTVASKMAPCLPYVTGKGPLGGCCGGVKGLIDAARTTPDRQAVCNCLKTLAKSYSG, which displays homology with plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs). In vitro bioassays showed that LJAMP2 inhibits the growth of a variety of microbes, including filamentous fungi, bacteria and yeast. The growth of three phytopathogenic fungi, Alternaria brassicae, Botrytis maydis, and Rhizoctonia cerealis, are inhibited at 7.5 microM of LJAMP2, whereas Bacillus subtilis is about 15 microM. The IC(50) of LJAMP2 for Aspergillus niger, B. maydis, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium digitatum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are 5.5, 6.1, 9.3, 40.0, and 76.0 microM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China and Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China.
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Begam M, Kumar S, Roy S, Campanella JJ, Kapoor HC. Molecular cloning and functional identification of a ribosome inactivating/antiviral protein from leaves of post-flowering stage of Celosia cristata and its expression in E. coli. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 67:2441-9. [PMID: 16996549 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2005] [Revised: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A full-length cDNA clone, encoding a ribosome inactivating/antiviral protein (RIP/AVP) was isolated from the cDNA library of post-flowering stage of Celosia cristata leaves. The full-length cDNA consisted of 1015 nucleotides, with an open reading frame encoding 283 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence had a putative active site domain conserved in other ribosome inactivating/antiviral proteins (RIPs/AVPs). The coding region of the cDNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as recombinant protein of 72 kDa. The expressed fusion product was confirmed by Western analysis and purification by affinity chromatography. Both the recombinant protein (reCCP-27) and purified expressed protein (eCCP-27) inhibited translation in rabbit reticulocytes showing IC50 values at 95 ng and 45 ng, respectively. The native purified nCCP-27 has IC50 at 25 ng. The purified product also showed N-glycosidase activity towards tobacco ribosomes and antiviral activity towards tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and sunnhemp rosette virus (SRV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehbuba Begam
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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42
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Roy S, Sadhana P, Begum M, Kumar S, Lodha ML, Kapoor HC. Purification, characterization and cloning of antiviral/ribosome inactivating protein from Amaranthus tricolor leaves. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 67:1865-73. [PMID: 16859721 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2005] [Revised: 06/04/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
An antiviral protein (AVP), imparting high level of resistance against sunnhemp rosette virus (SRV) was purified from the dried leaves of Amaranthus tricolor. The purified protein (AAP-27) exhibited approximately 98% inhibition of local lesion formation at a concentration range of approximately 30 microg ml(-1). The protein was found to be highly basic glycoprotein monomer (pI approximately 9.8) of Mr 27 kDa, with neutral sugar content of 4%. The purified protein exhibited N-glycosidase and RNase activities. We have also isolated full-length cDNA clone, encoding this protein designated as A. tricolor antiviral protein-1 (AAP-1). Two primers, one designed on the basis of N-terminal sequence of the purified protein and the other from the conserved active peptides of other AVPs/RIPs were used for PCR amplification of double stranded cDNA, isolated from the leaves of A. tricolor. The amplified fragment was used as a probe for library screening. The isolated full-length cDNA consisted of 1058 nucleotides with an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 297 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of AAP-1 has a putative active domain conserved in other AVPs/RIPs and shows varying homology to the RIPs from other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sribash Roy
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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Luo MJ, Yang XY, Liu WX, Xu Y, Huang P, Yan F, Chen F. Expression, purification and anti-tumor activity of curcin. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2006; 38:663-8. [PMID: 16953306 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2006.00208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcin, purified from the seeds of Jatropha curcas, can be used as a cell-killing agent. Understanding the anti-tumor activity of the recombinant protein of curcin is important for its application in clinical medicine. The segment encoding the mature protein of curcin was inserted into Escherichia coli strain M15, and the recombinant strain was induced to express by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside at a concentration of 0.5 mM. The recombinant protein was expressed in the form of inclusion bodies and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The target protein was incubated with the tumor cells at different concentrations for different times and the results demonstrated that the target protein could inhibit the growth of tumor cells (NCL-H446, SGC-7901 and S180) at 5 microg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jun Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Mansouri S, Nourollahzadeh E, Hudak KA. Pokeweed antiviral protein depurinates the sarcin/ricin loop of the rRNA prior to binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosomal A-site. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2006; 12:1683-92. [PMID: 16888324 PMCID: PMC1557698 DOI: 10.1261/rna.70306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins, such as the pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP), inhibit translation by depurinating the conserved sarcin/ricin loop of the large ribosomal RNA. Depurinated ribosomes are unable to bind elongation factor 2, and, thus, the translocation step of the elongation cycle is inhibited. Though the consequences of depurination are well characterized, the ribosome conformation required for depurination to take place has not been described. In this report, we correlate biochemical and genetic data to conclude that pokeweed antiviral protein depurinates the sarcin/ricin loop when the A-site of the ribosomal peptidyl-transferase center is unoccupied. We show that prior incubation of ribosomes with puromycin, an analog of the 3'-terminus of aminoacyl-tRNA, inhibits both binding and depurination by PAP in a concentration-dependent manner. Expression of PAP in the yeast strain mak8-1 results in little depurination unless the cells are lysed, a process that would promote loss of aminoacyl-tRNA from the ribosome. The mak8-1 strain is known to exhibit a higher affinity for aminoacyl-tRNA compared with wild-type cells, and therefore, its ribosomes are more resistant to PAP in vivo. These data contribute to the mechanism of action of pokeweed antiviral protein; specifically, they have uncovered the ribosomal conformation required for depurination that leads to subsequent translation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Mansouri
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
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Di R, Tumer NE. Expression of a truncated form of ribosomal protein L3 confers resistance to pokeweed antiviral protein and the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2005; 18:762-70. [PMID: 16134888 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-18-0762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of important agricultural products such as wheat, barley, or maize with the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) due to infection with Fusarium species is a worldwide problem. Trichothecenes inhibit protein synthesis by targeting ribosomal protein L3. Pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP), a ribosome-inactivating protein binds to L3 to depurinate the alpha-sarcin/loop of the large rRNA. Plants transformed with the wild-type PAP show lesions and express very low levels of PAP because PAP autoregulates its expression by destabilizing its own mRNA. We show here that transgenic tobacco plants expressing both the wild-type PAP and a truncated form of yeast L3 (L3delta) are phenotypically normal. PAP mRNA and protein levels are very high in these plants, indicating that L3delta suppresses the autoregulation of PAP mRNA expression. Ribosomes are not depurinated in the transgenic plants expressing PAP and L3delta, even though PAP is associated with ribosomes. The expression of the endogenous tobacco ribosomal protein L3 is up-regulated in these plants and they are resistant to the Fusarium mycotoxin DON. These results demonstrate that expression of an N-terminal fragment of yeast L3 leads to trans-dominant resistance to PAP and the trichothecene mycotoxin DON, providing evidence that both toxins target L3 by a common mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Di
- Biotechnology Center for Agriculture and the Environment, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, USA
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Mishra V, Bilgrami S, Sharma RS, Kaur P, Yadav S, Krauspenhaar R, Betzel C, Voelter W, Babu CR, Singh TP. Crystal Structure of Himalayan Mistletoe Ribosome-inactivating Protein Reveals the Presence of a Natural Inhibitor and a New Functionally Active Sugar-binding Site. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:20712-21. [PMID: 15774467 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m500735200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are toxins involved in plant defense. How the plant prevents autotoxicity is not yet fully understood. The present study is the first structural evidence of a naturally inhibited form of RIP from a plant. Himalayan mistletoe RIP (HmRIP) was purified from Viscum album leaves and crystallized with lactose. The structure was determined by the molecular replacement method and refined at 2.8-A resolution. The crystal structure revealed the presence of high quality non-protein electron density at the active site, into which a pteridine derivative (2-amino 4-isopropyl 6-carboxyl pteridine) was modeled. The carboxyl group of the ligand binds strongly with the key active site residue Arg(162), nullifies the positive charge required for catalysis, and thereby acts as a natural inhibitor. Lectin subunits of RIPs have two active sugar-binding sites present in 1alpha- and 2gamma-subdomains. A third functionally active site has been identified in the 1beta-subdomain of HmRIP. The 1beta-site is active despite the absence of conserved polar sugar-binding residues. Loss of these residues is compensated by the following: (i) the presence of an extended site where the penultimate sugar also interacts with the protein; (ii) the interactions of galactose with the protein main chain carbonyl and amide nitrogen atoms; (iii) the presence of a well defined pocket encircled by four walls; and (iv) a favorable stacking of the galactose ring with Tyr(66) besides the conserved Phe(75). The mode of sugar binding is also distinct at the 1alpha and 2gamma sugar-binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Mishra
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India
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