1
|
Kavalappara SR, Devendran R, Simmons AM, Bag S. Microneedle assisted delivery of the cloned components of cucurbit leaf crumple virus in yellow squash (Cucurbita pepo). J Virol Methods 2024; 329:114992. [PMID: 38936512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV) is among the prominent viruses infecting cucurbits in the USA. Attainable procedures of virus inoculation to crops are prerequisite for screening of resistance against the virus. Because mechanical (non-vector-mediated) infection by cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV) is inefficient in economically important crops, screening for CuLCrV resistance is currently laborious and time-consuming using transmission by viruliferous whiteflies. We constructed an infectious partial tandem repeat construct of an isolate of CuLCrV from Georgia, USA, in the plant expression binary vector pCambia2300 and transformed it into Agrobacterium tumifaciens strain EHA105. Agroinfiltration of this construct into the abaxial surface of the leaves of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) produced a systemic infection characteristic of CuLCrV, although this approach was not successful for yellow squash. However, we report a very efficient and reproducible inoculation procedure established in squash when the leaves were injured with a microneedle and rubbed it with cell suspension harbouring the infectious viral construct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alvin M Simmons
- U S. Vegetable Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Charleston, SC 29414, USA
| | - Sudeep Bag
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cole‐Osborn LF, Meehan E, Lee‐Parsons CWT. Critical parameters for robust Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation and quantitative promoter assays in Catharanthus roseus seedlings. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e596. [PMID: 38855128 PMCID: PMC11154794 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression methods are widely used to study gene function in both model and non-model plants. Using a dual-luciferase assay, we quantified the effect of Agrobacterium-infiltration parameters on the transient transformation efficiency of Catharanthus roseus seedlings. We showed that transformation efficiency is highly sensitive to seedling developmental state and a pre- and post-infiltration dark incubation and is less sensitive to the Agrobacterium growth stage. For example, 5 versus 6 days of germination in the dark increased seedling transformation efficiency by seven- to eight-fold while a dark incubation pre- and post-infiltration increased transformation efficiency by five- to 13-fold. Agrobacterium in exponential compared with stationary phase increased transformation efficiency by two-fold. Finally, we quantified the variation in our Agrobacterium-infiltration method in replicate infiltrations and experiments. Within a given experiment, significant differences of up to 2.6-fold in raw firefly luciferase (FLUC) and raw Renilla luciferase (RLUC) luminescence occurred in replicate infiltrations. These differences were significantly reduced when FLUC was normalized to RLUC values, highlighting the utility of including a reference reporter to minimize false positives. Including a second experimental replicate further reduced the potential for false positives. This optimization and quantitative validation of Agrobacterium infiltration in C. roseus seedlings will facilitate the study of this important medicinal plant and will expand the application of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods in other plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Meehan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Carolyn W. T. Lee‐Parsons
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of BioengineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Ru Y, Shi Z, Wang H, Zhang J, Wu J, Pang H, Feng H. Effects of different light conditions on transient expression and biomass in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220732. [PMID: 37854318 PMCID: PMC10579877 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the process of the production of recombinant proteins by using an Agrobacterium-mediated transient gene expression system, the effectiveness of the control of light conditions pre- and post-agroinfiltration on efficiency of transient expression is worth being evaluated. In this study, Nicotiana benthamiana plants were used as a bioreactor to investigate the effects of different light conditions pre- and post-agroinfiltration on the transient expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP). The results showed that the plants grown under light condition for 5 weeks had the highest level of transient expression among those grown for 4-8 weeks. In the pre-agroinfiltration, the level of transient expression of GFP was obviously decreased by the increase in light intensity or by the shortening of the photoperiod. Although the shortening of the photoperiod post-agroinfiltration also decreased the level of transient expression, moderate light intensity post-agroinfiltration was needed for higher level of transient expression efficiency. However, there was no strong correlation between the transient expression efficiency and plant growth. The results suggested that light condition was an important factor affecting the level of transient expression in plants. Hence, light conditions should be optimized to obtain higher productivity of recombinant protein from transient expression systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuejing Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yi Ru
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou730046, Gansu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Hanqi Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
- New Rural Development Research Institute, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- New Rural Development Research Institute, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Hailong Pang
- New Rural Development Research Institute, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Hanqing Feng
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
- New Rural Development Research Institute, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Becerra-García RE, Cruz-Valderrama JE, Cerbantez-Bueno VE, Marsch-Martínez N, de Folter S. A NanoLuc-Based Transactivation Assay in Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2686:553-565. [PMID: 37540377 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3299-4_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein-DNA interactions are determinant of the regulation of gene expression in living organisms. Luminescence studies have been used in a wide range of techniques to identify how gene transcription can be regulated by proteins such as transcription factors (TFs). Despite the great advances in the use of luciferases as reporters in the performance of this mechanism, some of them still have disadvantages that have been tried to be solved by the generation of new luciferases that induce a more stable and perfectly visualizable reaction. NanoLuc is a recently described luciferase that has been characterized by its efficient, stable, and powerful luminescence. These qualities have been considered to create a new and efficient reporter system to detect protein-DNA interactions. In this chapter, we take advantage of NanoLuc and describe its use in a reliable procedure to detect protein-DNA interactions in Nicotiana benthamiana extracts and entire leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Esmeralda Becerra-García
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Unidad Irapuato, CINVESTAV-IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - José Erik Cruz-Valderrama
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Vincent E Cerbantez-Bueno
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Nayelli Marsch-Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Spears BJ, McInturf SA, Collins C, Chlebowski M, Cseke LJ, Su J, Mendoza-Cózatl DG, Gassmann W. Class I TCP transcription factor AtTCP8 modulates key brassinosteroid-responsive genes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1457-1473. [PMID: 35866682 PMCID: PMC9516767 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The plant-specific TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factor family is most closely associated with regulating plant developmental programs. Recently, TCPs were also shown to mediate host immune signaling, both as targets of pathogen virulence factors and as regulators of plant defense genes. However, comprehensive characterization of TCP gene targets is still lacking. Loss of function of the class I TCP gene AtTCP8 attenuates early immune signaling and, when combined with mutations in AtTCP14 and AtTCP15, additional layers of defense signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here, we focus on TCP8, the most poorly characterized of the three to date. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA sequencing to identify TCP8-bound gene promoters and differentially regulated genes in the tcp8 mutant; these datasets were heavily enriched in signaling components for multiple phytohormone pathways, including brassinosteroids (BRs), auxin, and jasmonic acid. Using BR signaling as a representative example, we showed that TCP8 directly binds and activates the promoters of the key BR transcriptional regulatory genes BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1) and BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT2 (BZR2/BES1). Furthermore, tcp8 mutant seedlings exhibited altered BR-responsive growth patterns and complementary reductions in BZR2 transcript levels, while TCP8 protein demonstrated BR-responsive changes in subnuclear localization and transcriptional activity. We conclude that one explanation for the substantial targeting of TCP8 alongside other TCP family members by pathogen effectors may lie in its role as a modulator of BR and other plant hormone signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel A McInturf
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Carina Collins
- Department of Biology, Marian University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Meghann Chlebowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Leland J Cseke
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jianbin Su
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - David G Mendoza-Cózatl
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Walter Gassmann
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sánchez-López EF, Corigliano MG, Oliferuk S, Ramos-Duarte VA, Rivera M, Mendoza-Morales LF, Angel SO, Sander VA, Clemente M. Oral Immunization With a Plant HSP90-SAG1 Fusion Protein Produced in Tobacco Elicits Strong Immune Responses and Reduces Cyst Number and Clinical Signs of Toxoplasmosis in Mice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:726910. [PMID: 34675949 PMCID: PMC8525317 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.726910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant 90kDa heat shock protein (HSP90) is a potent adjuvant that increases both humoral and cellular immune responses to diverse proteins and peptides. In this study, we explored whether Arabidopsis thaliana HSP90 (AtHsp81.2) can improve the immune effects of a Toxoplasma gondii surface antigen 1 (SAG1). We designed two constructs containing the sequence of mature antigen (SAG1m), from aa77 to aa322, and B- and T-cell antigenic epitope-containing SAG1HC, from aa221 to aa319 fused to AtHsp81.2 sequence. When comparing the transient expression in Nicotiana tabacum X-27-8 leaves, which overexpress the suppressor helper component protease HC-Pro-tobacco etch virus (TEV), to that in N. benthamiana leaves, co-agroinfiltrated with the suppressor p19, optimal conditions included 6-week-old N. benthamiana plants, 7-day time to harvest, Agrobacterium tumefaciens cultures with an OD600nm of 0.6 for binary vectors and LED lights. While AtHsp81.2-SAG1m fusion protein was undetectable by Western blot in any of the evaluated conditions, AtHsp81.2-SAG1HC was expressed as intact fusion protein, yielding up to 90μg/g of fresh weight. Besides, the AtHsp81.2-SAG1HC mRNA was strongly expressed compared to the endogenous Nicotiana tabacum elongation factor-alpha (NtEFα) gene, whereas the AtHsp81.2-SAG1m mRNA was almost undetectable. Finally, mice were orally immunized with AtHsp81.2-SAG1HC-infiltrated fresh leaves (plAtHsp81.2-SAG1HC group), recombinant AtHsp81.2-SAG1HC purified from infiltrated leaves (rAtHsp81.2-SAG1HC group), non-infiltrated fresh leaves (control group), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS group). Serum samples from plAtHsp81.2-SAG1HC-immunized mice had significantly higher levels of IgGt, IgG2a, and IgG2b anti-SAG1HC antibodies than serum from rAtHsp81.2-SAG1HC, control, and PBS groups. The number of cysts per brain in the plAtHsp81.2-SAG1HC-immunized mice was significantly reduced, and the parasite load in brain tissue was also lower in this group compared with the remaining groups. In an immunoblot assay, plant-expressed AtHsp81.2-SAG1HC was shown to react with antibodies present in sera from T. gondii-infected people. Therefore, the plant expression of a T. gondii antigen fused to the non-pathogenic adjuvant and carrier plant HSP90 as formulations against T. gondii can improve the vaccine efficacy, and plant extract can be directly used for vaccination without the need to purify the protein, making this platform a suitable and powerful biotechnological system for immunogenic antigen expression against toxoplasmosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin F. Sánchez-López
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de General San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Mariana G. Corigliano
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de General San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Sonia Oliferuk
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de General San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Victor A. Ramos-Duarte
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de General San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Rivera
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de General San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Luisa F. Mendoza-Morales
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de General San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Sergio O. Angel
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de General San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Valeria A. Sander
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de General San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Marina Clemente
- Laboratorio de Molecular Farming y Vacunas, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de General San Martín (UNSAM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Z, Wan L, Xin Q, Zhang X, Song Y, Wang P, Hong D, Fan Z, Yang G. Optimizing glyphosate tolerance in rapeseed by CRISPR/Cas9-based geminiviral donor DNA replicon system with Csy4-based single-guide RNA processing. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4796-4808. [PMID: 33872346 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop worldwide, and effective weed control can protect its yield and quality. Farmers can benefit from cultivars tolerant to herbicides such as glyphosate. Amino acid substitutions in enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) render the plant less sensitive to glyphosate. Therefore, we aimed to optimize the glyphosate tolerance trait in rapeseed via endogenous EPSPS modification. To achieve effective gene replacement in B. napus L., we employed a CRISPR/Cas9 system expressing single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) cleaved by the CRISPR-associated RNA endoribonuclease Csy4 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, for targeted induction of double-strand breaks. Both the donor template and a geminiviral replicon harbouring an sgRNA expression cassette were introduced into plant cells. Using sgRNAs targeting adjacent donor DNA template containing synonymous mutations in sgRNA sites, we achieved precise gene replacements in the endogenous B. napus EPSPS gene, BnaC04EPSPS, resulting in amino acid substitutions at frequencies up to 20%. Rapeseed seedlings harbouring these substitutions were glyphosate-tolerant. Furthermore, modifications in BnaC04EPSPS were precisely transmitted to the next generation. Our genome editing strategy enables highly efficient gene targeting and the induction of glyphosate tolerance in oilseed rape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanrong Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Wan
- Institute of Crop Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Xin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixian Song
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dengfeng Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiong Fan
- Crop Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guangsheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li H, Wu C, Du M, Chen Y, Hou X, Yang Y, Xie K. A versatile nanoluciferase toolkit and optimized in-gel detection method for protein analysis in plants. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:13. [PMID: 37309479 PMCID: PMC10236060 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dissection of gene function requires sophisticated tools to monitor gene expression. Gene tagging with epitope peptides and fluorescent protein tags is a routine method to investigate protein expression using tag-specific antibodies and western blotting with tedious blotting and immunodetection steps. Nanoluciferase (NanoLuc) exhibits extremely bright bioluminescence and is engineered as a sensitive genetic reporter. Due to its small size and high bioluminescent activity, NanoLuc could be engineered to function as a novel protein tag that permits direct detection of tagged protein in the gel matrix (in-gel detection). In this study, we developed Gateway compatible vectors to tag proteins with NanoLuc in plants. We also tailored the in-gel detection conditions which can detect NanoLuc-tagged MPK3 from as low as 200 pg of total protein extracts. Compared to FLAG tag and western blotting-based detection, NanoLuc tag and optimized in-gel detection exhibit increased detection sensitivity but omit the blotting and immunodetection steps. We also demonstrated versatile applications of the NanoLuc-based in-gel detection method for protein expression analysis, probing protein-protein interactions by coimmunoprecipitation, and in vivo protein phosphorylation detection with Phos-tag gel electrophoresis. Finally, NanoLuc was used to tag the gene at its endogenous locus using the wheat dwarf virus replicon and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene targeting. Our data suggest that NanoLuc tag and in-gel detection permit fast detection of tagged protein with high sensitivity. The versatile NanoLuc toolkit and convenient in-gel detection method are expected to facilitate in vitro and in vivo protein analysis for plant functional genomics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01210-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Caiyun Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Manman Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Yache Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Yinong Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802 USA
| | - Kabin Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mortensen S, Bernal-Franco D, Cole LF, Sathitloetsakun S, Cram EJ, Lee-Parsons CWT. EASI Transformation: An Efficient Transient Expression Method for Analyzing Gene Function in Catharanthus roseus Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:755. [PMID: 31263474 PMCID: PMC6585625 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The Catharanthus roseus plant is the exclusive source of the valuable anticancer terpenoid indole alkaloids, vinblastine (VB) and vincristine (VC). The recent availability of transcriptome and genome resources for C. roseus necessitates a fast and reliable method for studying gene function. In this study, we developed an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression method to enable the functional study of genes rapidly in planta, conserving the compartmentalization observed in the VB and VC pathway. We focused on (1) improving the transformation method (syringe versus vacuum agroinfiltration) and cultivation conditions (seedling age, Agrobacterium density, and time point of maximum transgene expression), (2) improving transformation efficiency through the constitutive expression of the virulence genes and suppressing RNA silencing mechanisms, and (3) improving the vector design by incorporating introns, quantitative and qualitative reporter genes (luciferase and GUS genes), and accounting for transformation heterogeneity across the tissue using an internal control. Of all the parameters tested, vacuum infiltration of young seedlings (10-day-old, harvested 3 days post-infection) resulted in the strongest increase in transgene expression, at 18 - 57 fold higher than either vacuum or syringe infiltration of other seedling ages. Endowing the A. tumefaciens strain with the mutated VirGN54D or silencing suppressors within the same plasmid as the reporter gene further increased expression by 2 - 10 fold. For accurate measurement of promoter transactivation or activity, we included an internal control to normalize the differences in plant mass and transformation efficiency. Including the normalization gene (Renilla luciferase) on the same plasmid as the reporter gene (firefly luciferase) consistently yielded a high signal and a high correlation between RLUC and FLUC. As proof of principle, we applied this approach to investigate the regulation of the CroSTR1 promoter with the well-known activator ORCA3 and repressor ZCT1. Our method demonstrated the quantitative assessment of both the activation and repression of promoter activity in C. roseus. Our efficient Agrobacterium-mediated seedling infiltration (EASI) protocol allows highly efficient, reproducible, and homogenous transformation of C. roseus cotyledons and provides a timely tool for the community to rapidly assess the function of genes in planta, particularly for investigating how transcription factors regulate terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Mortensen
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Diana Bernal-Franco
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lauren F. Cole
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Suphinya Sathitloetsakun
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Erin J. Cram
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carolyn W. T. Lee-Parsons
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang TK, Falk BW, Dandekar AM, McDonald KA. Enhancement of Recombinant Protein Production in Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana Plant Cell Suspension Cultures with Co-Cultivation of Agrobacterium Containing Silencing Suppressors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1561. [PMID: 29882931 PMCID: PMC6032394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the inducible plant viral vector (CMViva) in transgenic plant cell cultures can significantly improve the productivity of extracellular functional recombinant human alpha-1-antiryspin (rAAT) compared with either a common plant constitutive promoter (Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S) or a chemically inducible promoter (estrogen receptor-based XVE) system. For a transgenic plant host system, however, viral or transgene-induced post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) has been identified as a host response mechanism that may dramatically reduce the expression of a foreign gene. Previous studies have suggested that viral gene silencing suppressors encoded by a virus can block or interfere with the pathways of transgene-induced PTGS in plant cells. In this study, the capability of nine different viral gene silencing suppressors were evaluated for improving the production of rAAT protein in transgenic plant cell cultures (CMViva, XVE or 35S system) using an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression co-cultivation process in which transgenic plant cells and recombinant Agrobacterium carrying the viral gene silencing suppressor were grown together in suspension cultures. Through the co-cultivation process, the impacts of gene silencing suppressors on the rAAT production were elucidated, and promising gene silencing suppressors were identified. Furthermore, the combinations of gene silencing suppressors were optimized using design of experiments methodology. The results have shown that in transgenic CMViva cell cultures, the functional rAAT as a percentage of total soluble protein is increased 5.7 fold with the expression of P19, and 17.2 fold with the co-expression of CP, P19 and P24.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Kuo Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Bryce W Falk
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Abhaya M Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Karen A McDonald
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gerasymenko IM, Sheludko YV. Synthetic cold-inducible promoter enhances recombinant protein accumulation during Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana excelsior at chilling temperatures. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 39:1059-1067. [PMID: 28439740 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To exploit cold-inducible biochemical processes beneficial for foreign mRNA transcription, translation and storage, as well as protein product stability, during Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression. RESULTS The efficiency of three different 5'-regulatory sequences to achieve transient expression of the GFP-based reporter gene under chilling conditions (6-8 °C since the 3rd day post inoculation) was compared. We studied the upstream sequences of a cold-inducible Arabidopsis thaliana cor15a gene, the core element of 35S CaMV promoter fused to the TMV omega 5'-UTR, and the synthetic promoter including the 35S core sequence and two binding sites for cold-inducible CBF transcription factors (P_DRE::35S). Cultivation of plants transiently expressing reporter gene under control of the synthetic P_DRE::35S promoter under chilling conditions since the 3rd dpi led to the reliably higher reporter accumulation as compared to the other tested regulatory sequences under chilling or greenhouse conditions. Reporter protein fluorescence under chilling conditions using P_DRE::35S reached 160% as compared to the transient expression in the greenhouse. Period of transient expression considerably extended if plants were cultivated at chilling temperature since the 3rd dpi: reporter protein fluorescence reached its maximum at the 20th dpi and was detected in leaves up to the 65th dpi. The enhanced protein accumulation at low temperature was accompanied by the prolonged period of corresponding mRNA accumulation. CONCLUSION Transient expression under chilling conditions using synthetic cold-inducible promoter enhances target protein accumulation and may decrease greenhouse heating expenses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I M Gerasymenko
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering NAS of Ukraine, Zabolotnogo str. 148, Kiev, 03143, Ukraine
| | - Y V Sheludko
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering NAS of Ukraine, Zabolotnogo str. 148, Kiev, 03143, Ukraine.
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liang Y, Richardson S, Yan J, Benites VT, Cheng-Yue C, Tran T, Mortimer J, Mukhopadhyay A, Keasling JD, Scheller HV, Loqué D. Endoribonuclease-Based Two-Component Repressor Systems for Tight Gene Expression Control in Plants. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:806-816. [PMID: 28094975 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tight control and multifactorial regulation of gene expression are important challenges in genetic engineering and are critical for the development of regulatory circuits. Meeting these challenges will facilitate transgene expression regulation and support the fine-tuning of metabolic pathways to avoid the accumulation of undesired intermediates. By employing the endoribonuclease Csy4 and its recognition sequence from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and manipulating 5'UTR of mRNA, we developed a two-component expression-repression system to tightly control synthesis of transgene products. We demonstrated that this regulatory device was functional in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant species, and showed that it can be used to repress transgene expression by >400-fold and to synchronize transgene repression. In addition to tissue-specific transgene repression, this system offers stimuli-dependent expression control. Using a bioinformatics approach, we identified 54 orthologous systems from various bacteria, and then validated in planta the activity for a few of those systems, demonstrating the potential diversity of such a two-component repressor system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental
Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sarah Richardson
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental
Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jingwei Yan
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental
Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Veronica T. Benites
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental
Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Clarabelle Cheng-Yue
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental
Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thu Tran
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental
Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jenny Mortimer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental
Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Aindrila Mukhopadhyay
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental
Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jay D. Keasling
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental
Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Henrik V. Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental
Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dominique Loqué
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, EmeryStation East, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental
Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- INSA de Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie,
Adaptation et Pathogénie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 10 rue Raphaël Dubois, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Błażejewska K, Kapusta M, Zielińska E, Tukaj Z, Chincinska IA. Mature Luffa Leaves ( Luffa cylindrica L.) as a Tool for Gene Expression Analysis by Agroinfiltration. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:228. [PMID: 28270826 PMCID: PMC5318407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We exploited the potential of cucurbits for ectopic gene expression. Agroinfiltration is a simple and commonly used method to obtain transient expression of foreign genes in plants. In contrast to in vitro transformation techniques, agroinfiltration can be used for genetic modification of mature plant tissues. Although the cucurbits are commonly used as model plants for molecular biology and biotechnology studies, to date there are no literature sources on the possibility of transient gene expression in mature cucurbit tissues. Our research has shown that mature leaves of Luffa cylindrica L. (luffa), in contrast to other cucurbit species, can be successfully transiently transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. We efficiently transformed luffa leaves with a reporter gene encoding β-glucuronidase (GUS). The GUS activity in transiently transformed leaf tissues was detected within 24 h after the infiltration with bacteria. Additionally, we have shown that the activity of a transiently expressed the GUS gene can be monitored directly in the EDTA-exudates collected from the cut petioles of the agroinfiltrated leaves. The results suggest that luffa leaves can be useful as a plant expression system for studies of physiological and biochemical processes in cucurbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Błażejewska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of GdańskGdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kapusta
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of GdańskGdańsk, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Zielińska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of GdańskGdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Tukaj
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of GdańskGdańsk, Poland
| | - Izabela A. Chincinska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of GdańskGdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fujiuchi N, Matoba N, Matsuda R. Environment Control to Improve Recombinant Protein Yields in Plants Based on Agrobacterium-Mediated Transient Gene Expression. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2016; 4:23. [PMID: 27014686 PMCID: PMC4781840 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression systems enable plants to produce a wide range of recombinant proteins on a rapid timescale. To achieve economically feasible upstream production and downstream processing, two yield parameters should be considered: (1) recombinant protein content per unit biomass and (2) recombinant protein productivity per unit area-time at the end of the upstream production. Because environmental factors in the upstream production have impacts on these parameters, environment control is important to maximize the recombinant protein yield. In this review, we summarize the effects of pre- and postinoculation environmental factors in the upstream production on the yield parameters and discuss the basic concept of environment control for plant-based transient expression systems. Preinoculation environmental factors associated with planting density, light quality, and nutrient supply affect plant characteristics, such as biomass and morphology, which in turn affect recombinant protein content and productivity. Accordingly, environment control for such plant characteristics has significant implications to achieve a high yield. On the other hand, postinoculation environmental factors, such as temperature, light intensity, and humidity, have been shown to affect recombinant protein content. Considering that recombinant protein production in Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression systems is a result of a series of complex biological events starting from T-DNA transfer from Agrobacterium tumefaciens to protein biosynthesis and accumulation in leaf tissue, we propose that dynamic environment control during the postinoculation process, i.e., changing environmental conditions at an appropriate timing for each event, may be a promising approach to obtain a high yield. Detailed descriptions of plant growth conditions and careful examination of environmental effects will significantly contribute to our knowledge to stably obtain high recombinant protein content and productivity, thus enhancing the utility of plant-based transient expression systems as recombinant protein factories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomichi Fujiuchi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Matoba
- Owensboro Cancer Research Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Owensboro, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ryo Matsuda
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao S, Zhang J, Tan R, Yang L, Zheng X. Enhancing diterpenoid concentration in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots through pathway engineering with maize C1 transcription factor. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:7211-26. [PMID: 26355149 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinones are valuable natural diterpenoids from danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge). Here, it was demonstrated that maize transcription factor C1 improved the accumulation of tanshinones by comprehensively upregulating the pathway genes, especially SmMDC and SmPMK in danshen hairy roots, yielding total tanshinones up to 3.59mg g(-1) of dry weight in line C1-6, a 3.4-fold increase compared with the control. Investigation of 2024bp of the SmMDC promoter fragment revealed that C1-mediated upregulation of terpenoid genes was possibly due to the direct interaction of C1 with its recognition sequences. The increase of tanshinones was accompanied by a decrease of salvianolic acid production, the other bioactive ingredient in danshen, by up to 37% compared with the control. This was the result of the downregulation of SmTAT, the entry-point gene of the tyrosine pathway, which promoted metabolic flow to anthocyanins rather than to salvianolic acids. Based on the findings of the present study, it was concluded that cis-acting elements shared by terpenoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes are partially responsible for the C1-stimulated variation of tanshinone and salvianolic acid concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Zhao
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jinjia Zhang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Ronghui Tan
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ganapathy M, Chakravarthi M, Charles SJ, Harunipriya P, Jaiganesh S, Subramonian N, Kaliraj P. Immunodiagnostic Properties of Wucheraria bancrofti SXP-1, a Potential Filarial Diagnostic Candidate Expressed in Tobacco Plant, Nicotiana tabacum. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:1889-903. [PMID: 26043851 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic tobacco plants were developed expressing WbSXP-1, a diagnostic antigen isolated from the cDNA library of L3 stage larvae of Wucheraria bancrofti. This antigen produced by recombinant Escherichia coli has been demonstrated by to be successful as potential diagnostic candidate against lymphatic filariasis. A rapid format simple and qualitative flow through immune-filtration diagnostic kit has been developed for the identification of IgG antibodies to the recombinant WbSXP-1 and is being marketed by M/S Span Diagnostics Ltd in India and Africa. Here, we present the results of experiments on the transformation and expression of the same filarial antigen, WbSXP-1, in tobacco plant, Nicotiana tabacum, to produce plant-based diagnostic antigen. It was possible to successfully transform the tobacco plant with WbSXP-1, the integration of the parasite-specific gene in plants was confirmed by PCR amplification and the expression of the filarial protein by Western blotting. The immunoreactivity of the plant-produced WbSXP-1 was assessed based on its reaction with the monoclonal antibodies developed against the E. coli-produced protein. Immunological screening using clinical sera from patients indicates that the plant-produced protein is comparable to E. coli-produced diagnostic antigen. The result demonstrated that plants can be used as suitable expression systems for the production of diagnostic proteins against lymphatic filariasis, a neglected tropical infectious disease which has a negative impact on socioeconomic development. This is the first report of the integration, expression and efficacy of a diagnostic candidate of lymphatic filariasis in plants.Key MessageTransgenic tobacco plants with WbSXP-1, a filarial diagnostic candidate, were developed. The plant-produced protein showed immunoreactivity on par with the E. coli product.
Collapse
|
17
|
Bashandy H, Jalkanen S, Teeri TH. Within leaf variation is the largest source of variation in agroinfiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT METHODS 2015; 11:47. [PMID: 26472987 PMCID: PMC4607171 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-015-0091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient gene expression utilizing syringe agroinfiltration offers a simple and efficient technique for different transgenic applications. Leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana show reliable and high transformation efficiency, but in quantitative assays also a certain degree of variation. We used a nested design in our agroinfiltration experiments to dissect the sources of this variation. RESULTS An intron containing firefly luciferase gene was used as a reporter for agroinfiltration. A number of 6 week old tobacco plants were infiltrated for their top leaves, several samples were punched from the leaves after 2 days of transient expression, and protein extracts from the samples were repeatedly measured for luciferase activity. Interestingly, most of the variation was due to differences between the sampling spots in the leaves, the next important source being the different leaves on each plant. Variation between similar experiments, between plants and between repetitive measurements of the extracts could be easily minimized. CONCLUSIONS Efforts and expenditure of agroinfiltration experiments can be optimized when sources of variation are known. In summary, infiltrate more plants but less leaves, sample more positions on the leaf but run only few technical replicates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hany Bashandy
- />Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- />Department of Genetics, Cairo University, 13 Gamaa St., Giza, 12619 Egypt
| | - Salla Jalkanen
- />Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu H. Teeri
- />Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zahid K, Zhao JH, Smith NA, Schumann U, Fang YY, Dennis ES, Zhang R, Guo HS, Wang MB. Nicotiana small RNA sequences support a host genome origin of cucumber mosaic virus satellite RNA. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1004906. [PMID: 25568943 PMCID: PMC4287446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Satellite RNAs (satRNAs) are small noncoding subviral RNA pathogens in plants that depend on helper viruses for replication and spread. Despite many decades of research, the origin of satRNAs remains unknown. In this study we show that a β-glucuronidase (GUS) transgene fused with a Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Y satellite RNA (Y-Sat) sequence (35S-GUS:Sat) was transcriptionally repressed in N. tabacum in comparison to a 35S-GUS transgene that did not contain the Y-Sat sequence. This repression was not due to DNA methylation at the 35S promoter, but was associated with specific DNA methylation at the Y-Sat sequence. Both northern blot hybridization and small RNA deep sequencing detected 24-nt siRNAs in wild-type Nicotiana plants with sequence homology to Y-Sat, suggesting that the N. tabacum genome contains Y-Sat-like sequences that give rise to 24-nt sRNAs capable of guiding RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) to the Y-Sat sequence in the 35S-GUS:Sat transgene. Consistent with this, Southern blot hybridization detected multiple DNA bands in Nicotiana plants that had sequence homology to Y-Sat, suggesting that Y-Sat-like sequences exist in the Nicotiana genome as repetitive DNA, a DNA feature associated with 24-nt sRNAs. Our results point to a host genome origin for CMV satRNAs, and suggest novel approach of using small RNA sequences for finding the origin of other satRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Zahid
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jian-Hua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Neil A. Smith
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ulrike Schumann
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Yuan-Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ren Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hui-Shan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Bo Wang
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lund CH, Bromley JR, Stenbæk A, Rasmussen RE, Scheller HV, Sakuragi Y. A reversible Renilla luciferase protein complementation assay for rapid identification of protein-protein interactions reveals the existence of an interaction network involved in xyloglucan biosynthesis in the plant Golgi apparatus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:85-97. [PMID: 25326916 PMCID: PMC4265154 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that protein-protein interactions (PPIs) occur amongst glycosyltransferases (GTs) required for plant glycan biosynthesis (e.g. cell wall polysaccharides and N-glycans) in the Golgi apparatus, and may control the functions of these enzymes. However, identification of PPIs in the endomembrane system in a relatively fast and simple fashion is technically challenging, hampering the progress in understanding the functional coordination of the enzymes in Golgi glycan biosynthesis. To solve the challenges, we adapted and streamlined a reversible Renilla luciferase protein complementation assay (Rluc-PCA), originally reported for use in human cells, for transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. We tested Rluc-PCA and successfully identified luminescence complementation amongst Golgi-localizing GTs known to form a heterodimer (GAUT1 and GAUT7) and those which homooligomerize (ARAD1). In contrast, no interaction was shown between negative controls (e.g. GAUT7, ARAD1, IRX9). Rluc-PCA was used to investigate PPIs amongst Golgi-localizing GTs involved in biosynthesis of hemicelluloses. Although no PPI was identified among six GTs involved in xylan biosynthesis, Rluc-PCA confirmed three previously proposed interactions and identified seven novel PPIs amongst GTs involved in xyloglucan biosynthesis. Notably, three of the novel PPIs were confirmed by a yeast-based split-ubiquitin assay. Finally, Gateway-enabled expression vectors were generated, allowing rapid construction of fusion proteins to the Rluc reporters and epitope tags. Our results show that Rluc-PCA coupled with transient expression in N. benthamiana is a fast and versatile method suitable for analysis of PPIs between Golgi resident proteins in an easy and mid-throughput fashion in planta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian H Lund
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Frederiksberg, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Jennifer R Bromley
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Frederiksberg, DK-1871, Denmark Joint BioEnergy Institute, Feedstocks Division, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Anne Stenbæk
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Frederiksberg, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Randi E Rasmussen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Frederiksberg, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Feedstocks Division, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yumiko Sakuragi
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Frederiksberg, DK-1871, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ganapathy M, Perumal A, Mohan C, Palaniswamy H, Perumal K. Immunogenicity of Brugia malayi Abundant Larval Transcript-2, a potential filarial vaccine candidate expressed in tobacco. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:179-88. [PMID: 24277081 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Transgenic tobacco plants with Bm ALT-2, a filarial vaccine candidate, were developed. The plant-produced antigen showed immunogenicity on par with the E.coli product. Transgenic tobacco plants were developed using Brugia malayi Abundant Larval Transcript-2 (Bm ALT-2), a major antigen produced from recombinant E.coli found to be experimentally successful as potential vaccine candidate against lymphatic filariasis. Results of experiments on the transformation and expression of the Bm ALT-2 in tobacco plant to produce plant-based vaccine are presented here. We have successfully transformed the tobacco plant with Bm ALT-2 and confirmed that the plants expressed the filarial protein by PCR analysis and Western blotting. The level of expression varied from 50 to 90 ng/μg of total soluble protein for ALT-2. Immunization of mice with plant-extracted protein indicated that the plant-produced protein had immunological characteristics similar to the E.coli-produced protein. Antibody titres produced by plant-produced recombinant ALT 2-immunized mice were on par with those immunized with recombinant protein produced by E.coli. Antibody isotype assay showed that plant-produced recombinant ALT-2 induced significant IgG1, whereas E.coli-produced recombinant ALT-2 induced IgG3. This result is a step forward towards the development of a model eukaryotic system for the production of recombinant filarial proteins, which can be utilized to produce therapeutic and diagnostic molecules against lymphatic filariasis, a neglected tropical infectious disease which has a negative impact on socioeconomic development. In addition, this is the first report of the immunogenicity of a plant-derived filarial antigen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathangi Ganapathy
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai, 600025, Tamil Nadu, India,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cazzonelli CI, Vanstraelen M, Simon S, Yin K, Carron-Arthur A, Nisar N, Tarle G, Cuttriss AJ, Searle IR, Benkova E, Mathesius U, Masle J, Friml J, Pogson BJ. Role of the Arabidopsis PIN6 auxin transporter in auxin homeostasis and auxin-mediated development. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70069. [PMID: 23922907 PMCID: PMC3726503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-specific PIN-formed (PIN) efflux transporters for the plant hormone auxin are required for tissue-specific directional auxin transport and cellular auxin homeostasis. The Arabidopsis PIN protein family has been shown to play important roles in developmental processes such as embryogenesis, organogenesis, vascular tissue differentiation, root meristem patterning and tropic growth. Here we analyzed roles of the less characterised Arabidopsis PIN6 auxin transporter. PIN6 is auxin-inducible and is expressed during multiple auxin-regulated developmental processes. Loss of pin6 function interfered with primary root growth and lateral root development. Misexpression of PIN6 affected auxin transport and interfered with auxin homeostasis in other growth processes such as shoot apical dominance, lateral root primordia development, adventitious root formation, root hair outgrowth and root waving. These changes in auxin-regulated growth correlated with a reduction in total auxin transport as well as with an altered activity of DR5-GUS auxin response reporter. Overall, the data indicate that PIN6 regulates auxin homeostasis during plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher I Cazzonelli
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu W, Mazarei M, Rudis MR, Fethe MH, Stewart CN. Rapid in vivo analysis of synthetic promoters for plant pathogen phytosensing. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:108. [PMID: 22093754 PMCID: PMC3247077 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to engineer transgenic plants for the purpose of early detection of plant pathogen infection, which was accomplished by employing synthetic pathogen inducible promoters fused to reporter genes for altered phenotypes in response to the pathogen infection. Toward this end, a number of synthetic promoters consisting of inducible regulatory elements fused to a red fluorescent protein (RFP) reporter were constructed for use in phytosensing. RESULTS For rapid analysis, an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay was evaluated, then utilized to assess the inducibility of each synthetic promoter construct in vivo. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi) leaves were infiltrated with Agrobacterium harboring the individual synthetic promoter-reporter constructs. The infiltrated tobacco leaves were re-infiltrated with biotic (bacterial pathogens) or abiotic (plant defense signal molecules salicylic acid, ethylene and methyl jasmonate) agents 24 and 48 hours after initial agroinfiltration, followed by RFP measurements at relevant time points after treatment. These analyses indicated that the synthetic promoter constructs were capable of conferring the inducibility of the RFP reporter in response to appropriate phytohormones and bacterial pathogens, accordingly. CONCLUSIONS These observations demonstrate that the Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression is an efficient method for in vivo assays of promoter constructs in less than one week. Our results provide the opportunity to gain further insights into the versatility of the expression system as a potential tool for high-throughput in planta expression screening prior to generating stably transgenic plants for pathogen phytosensing. This system could also be utilized for temporary phytosensing; e.g., not requiring stably transgenic plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wusheng Liu
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, 252 Ellington Plant Sciences, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Mitra Mazarei
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, 252 Ellington Plant Sciences, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Mary R Rudis
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, 252 Ellington Plant Sciences, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Michael H Fethe
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, 252 Ellington Plant Sciences, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - C Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, 252 Ellington Plant Sciences, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gehl C, Kaufholdt D, Hamisch D, Bikker R, Kudla J, Mendel RR, Hänsch R. Quantitative analysis of dynamic protein-protein interactions in planta by a floated-leaf luciferase complementation imaging (FLuCI) assay using binary Gateway vectors. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 67:542-53. [PMID: 21481030 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic protein-protein interactions are essential in all cellular and developmental processes. Protein-fragment complementation assays allow such protein-protein interactions to be investigated in vivo. In contrast to other protein-fragment complementation assays, the split-luciferase (split-LUC) complementation approach facilitates dynamic and quantitative in vivo analysis of protein interactions, as the restoration of luciferase activity upon protein-protein interaction of investigated proteins is reversible. Here, we describe the development of a floated-leaf luciferase complementation imaging (FLuCI) assay that enables rapid and quantitative in vivo analyses of protein interactions in leaf discs floating on a luciferin infiltration solution after transient expression of split-LUC-labelled interacting proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana. We generated a set of eight Gateway-compatible split-LUC destination vectors, enabling fast, and almost fail-safe cloning of candidate proteins to the LUC termini in all possible constellations. We demonstrate their functionality by visualizing the well-established homodimerization of the 14-3-3 regulator proteins. Quantitative interaction analyses of the molybdenum co-factor biosynthesis proteins CNX6 and CNX7 show that the luciferase-based protein-fragment complementation assay allows direct real-time monitoring of absolute values of protein complex assembly. Furthermore, the split-LUC assay is established as valuable tool to investigate the dynamics of protein interactions by monitoring the disassembly of actin filaments in planta. The new Gateway-compatible split-LUC destination vector system, in combination with the FLuCI assay, provides a useful means to facilitate quantitative analyses of interactions between large numbers of proteins constituting interaction networks in plant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gehl
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rosales-Mendoza S, Soria-Guerra RE, Moreno-Fierros L, Han Y, Alpuche-Solís AG, Korban SS. Transgenic carrot tap roots expressing an immunogenic F1-V fusion protein from Yersinia pestis are immunogenic in mice. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:174-180. [PMID: 20655621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the protective F1 and V antigens of Yersinia pestis, as a fusion protein, in carrot was pursued in an effort to develop an alternative vaccine production system against the serious plague disease. Transgenic carrot plants carrying the F1-V encoding gene were developed via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Presence, integration, and expression of the F1-V encoding gene were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA gel blot analysis, and reverse-transcriptase (RT)-PCR analyses, respectively. An ELISA assay confirmed the antigenicity of the plant-derived F1-V fusion protein. Immunogenicity was evaluated subcutaneously in mice using a soluble protein extract of freeze-dried transgenic carrot. Significant antibody levels were detected following immunization. These results demonstrated that the F1-V protein could be expressed in carrot tap roots, and that the carrot F1-V recombinant protein retained its antigenicity and immunogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huang TK, Plesha MA, McDonald KA. Semicontinuous bioreactor production of a recombinant human therapeutic protein using a chemically inducible viral amplicon expression system in transgenic plant cell suspension cultures. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 106:408-21. [PMID: 20198659 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Plant cell culture is an alternative for the production of recombinant human therapeutic proteins because of improved product safety, lower production cost, and capability for eukaryotic post-translational modification. In this study, bioreactor production of recombinant human alpha-1-antitrypsin (rAAT) glycoprotein using a chemically inducible Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) viral amplicon expression system in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana cell culture is presented. Optimization of a chemically inducible plant cell culture requires evaluation of effects of timing of induction (TOI) and concentration of inducer (COI) on protein productivity and protein quality (biological functionality). To determine the optimal TOI, the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) of the plant cell culture was chosen as a physiological indicator for inducing maximum rAAT expression. Effects of COI on rAAT production were investigated using a semicontinuous culture, which enables the distinction between effects of growth rate and effects of inducer concentration. An optimized semicontinuous bioreactor operation was further proposed to maximize the recombinant protein production. The results demonstrated that the transgenic plant cells, transformed with the inducible viral amplicon expression system, maintain higher OUR and exhibit lower extracellular protease activity and lower total phenolics concentration in the optimized semicontinuous bioreactor process than in a traditional batch bioreactor operation, resulting in a 25-fold increase in extracellular functional rAAT (603 microg/L) and a higher ratio of functional rAAT to total rAAT (85-90%). Surprisingly, sustained rAAT production and steady state, long-term bioreactor operation is possible following chemical induction and establishment of the viral amplicons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Kuo Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California at Davis, 95616, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Eskelin K, Suntio T, Hyvärinen S, Hafren A, Mäkinen K. Renilla luciferase-based quantitation of Potato virus A infection initiated with Agrobacterium infiltration of N. benthamiana leaves. J Virol Methods 2010; 164:101-10. [PMID: 20026122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A quantitation method based on the sensitive detection of Renilla luciferase (Rluc) activity was developed and optimized for Potato virus A (PVA; genus Potyviridae) gene expression. This system is based on infections initiated by Agrobacterium infiltration and subsequent detection of the translation of PVA::Rluc RNA, which is enhanced by viral replication, first within the cells infected initially and later by translation and replication within new cells after spread of the virus. Firefly luciferase (Fluc) was used as an internal control to normalize the Rluc activity. An approximately 10-fold difference in the Rluc/Fluc activity ratio between a movement-deficient and a replication-deficient mutant was observed starting from 48h post Agrobacterium infiltration (h.p.i.). The Rluc activity derived from wild type (wt) PVA increased significantly between 48 and 72h.p.i. and the Rluc/Fluc activity deviated clearly from that of the mutant viruses. Quantitation of the Rluc and Fluc mRNAs by semi-quantitative RT-PCR indicated that increases and decreases in the Renillareniformis luciferase (rluc) mRNA levels coincided with changes in Rluc activity. However, a subtle increase in the mRNA level led to pronounced changes in Rluc activity. PVA CP accumulation was quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The increase in Rluc activity correlated closely with virus accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Eskelin
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, PO Box 27, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cazzonelli CI, Roberts AC, Carmody ME, Pogson BJ. Transcriptional control of SET DOMAIN GROUP 8 and CAROTENOID ISOMERASE during Arabidopsis development. MOLECULAR PLANT 2010; 3:174-91. [PMID: 19952001 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssp092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are pigments required for photosynthesis, photoprotection and the production of carotenoid-derived hormones such as ABA and strigolactones. The carotenoid biosynthetic pathway bifurcates after lycopene to produce epsilon- and beta-carotenoids and this branch is critical for determining carotenoid composition. Here, we show how the branch point can be regulated by the chromatin-modifying histone methyltransferase, Set Domain Group 8 (SDG8) targeting the carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO). SDG8 is required to maintain permissive expression of CRTISO during seedling development, in leaves, shoot apex, and some floral organs. The CRTISO and SDG8 promoters show overlapping tissue-specific patterns of reporter gene activity. Interestingly, CRTISO showed atypical reporter gene expression in terms of greater variability between different lines compared to the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S promoter (CaMV35s) and epsilonLCY promoters, potentially due to chromosomal position effects. Regulation of the CRTISO promoter was dependent in part upon the presence or absence of SDG8. Knockouts of SDG8 (carotenoid and chloroplast regulation (ccr1)) and CRTISO (ccr2) result in altered carotenoid composition and this could be restored in ccr2 using the CaMV35s or CRTISO promoters. In contrast, varying degrees of GUS expression and carotenoid complementation by CRTISO overexpression using CaMV35S or CRTISO promoters in the ccr1 background demonstrated that both the CRTISO promoter and open reading frame are necessary for SDG8-mediated expression of CRTISO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher I Cazzonelli
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bolduc N, Hake S. The maize transcription factor KNOTTED1 directly regulates the gibberellin catabolism gene ga2ox1. THE PLANT CELL 2009; 21:1647-58. [PMID: 19567707 PMCID: PMC2714931 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.068221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 05/31/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
KNOTTED1 (KN1)-like homeobox (KNOX) transcription factors are involved in the establishment and maintenance of plant meristems; however, few direct targets of KNOX proteins have been recognized. Using a combination of double mutant analysis and biochemistry, we found that in maize (Zea mays), KN1 negatively modulates the accumulation of gibberellin (GA) through the control of ga2ox1, which codes for an enzyme that inactivates GA. The ga2ox1 mRNA level is elevated in immature leaves of dominant KNOX mutants and downregulated in reproductive meristems of the null allele kn1-e1. KN1 binds in vivo to an intron of ga2ox1 through a cis-regulatory element containing two TGAC motifs. VP16-KN1 activates transcription in planta from a chimeric promoter containing this binding site. The domains of expression of kn1 and ga2ox1 mRNAs overlap at the base of the shoot apical meristem and the base of newly initiated leaves, suggesting that KN1-mediated activation of ga2ox1 maintains a boundary between meristem cell identity and rapidly elongating cells of the shoot. The KN1 binding site is conserved in ga2ox1 genes of different grasses, suggesting that the local regulation of bioactive GA levels through KNOX proteins is a common theme in grasses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bolduc
- Plant Gene Expression Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of California, Albany, California 94710, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cazzonelli CI, Velten J. In vivo characterization of plant promoter element interaction using synthetic promoters. Transgenic Res 2008; 17:437-57. [PMID: 17653610 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-007-9117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Short directly-repeated (DR) DNA enhancer elements of plant viral origin were analyzed for their ability, both individually and in combination, to influence in vivo transcription when inserted upstream from a minimal CaMV35S promoter. Synthetic promoters containing multiple copies and/or combinations of DR cassettes were tested for their effect upon reporter gene (luciferase) expression using an Agrobacteria-based leaf-infiltration transient assay and within stably transformed plants (Nicotiana tabacum). Transgenic plants harboring constructs containing different numbers or combinations of DR cassettes were further tested to look for tissue-specific expression patterns and potential promoter response to the infiltration process employed during transient expression. Multimerization of DR elements produced enhancer activity that was in general additive, increasing reporter activity in direct proportion to the number of DR cassettes within the test promoter. In contrast, combinations of different DR cassettes often functioned synergistically, producing reporter enhancement markedly greater then the sum of the combined DR activities. Several of the DR constructs responded to Agrobacteria (lacking T-DNA) infiltration of transgenic leaves by an induction (2 elements) or reduction (1 element) in reporter activity. Combinations of DR cassettes producing the strongest enhancement of reporter activity were used to create two synthetic promoters (SynPro3 and SynPro5) that drive leaf reporter activities at levels comparable to the CaMV35S promoter. Characterization of these synthetic promoters in transformed tobacco showed strong reporter expression at all stages of development and in most tissues. The arrangement of DR elements within SynPro3 and SynPro5 appears to play a role in defining tissue-specificity of expression and/or Agrobacteria-infusion responsiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ian Cazzonelli
- Plant Stress and Water Conservation Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 3810 4th Street, Lubbock, Texas 79415, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wachter A, Tunc-Ozdemir M, Grove BC, Green PJ, Shintani DK, Breaker RR. Riboswitch control of gene expression in plants by splicing and alternative 3' end processing of mRNAs. THE PLANT CELL 2007; 19:3437-50. [PMID: 17993623 PMCID: PMC2174889 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.107.053645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Revised: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The most widespread riboswitch class, found in organisms from all three domains of life, is responsive to the vitamin B(1) derivative thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP). We have established that a TPP-sensing riboswitch is present in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the thiamin biosynthetic gene THIC of all plant species examined. The THIC TPP riboswitch controls the formation of transcripts with alternative 3' UTR lengths, which affect mRNA accumulation and protein production. We demonstrate that riboswitch-mediated regulation of alternative 3' end processing is critical for TPP-dependent feedback control of THIC expression. Our data reveal a mechanism whereby metabolite-dependent alteration of RNA folding controls splicing and alternative 3' end processing of mRNAs. These findings highlight the importance of metabolite sensing by riboswitches in plants and further reveal the significance of alternative 3' end processing as a mechanism of gene control in eukaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wachter
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Conecticut 06520, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rosales-Mendoza S, Soria-Guerra RE, de Jesús Olivera-Flores MT, López-Revilla R, Argüello-Astorga GR, Jiménez-Bremont JF, García-de la Cruz RF, Loyola-Rodríguez JP, Alpuche-Solís AG. Expression of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit (LTB) in carrot (Daucus carota L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2007; 26:969-76. [PMID: 17310334 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Revised: 01/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We expressed the B subunit of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB) encoded by a synthetic codon-optimized gene in carrot. An Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method was used. Thirty independent transgenic lines were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis after 6 months in culture and were transferred to a greenhouse. GM1-ELISA assay was used to assess LTB protein content in mature taproots. Some transgenic lines expressed LTB up to 0.3% of the total soluble protein, which is tenfold higher than the expression levels reported earlier using the native bacterial gene in plants. Immunological assay confirmed proper assembly of the pentameric complex and in vitro activity of the recombinant LTB protein, suggesting that it can be functional in prevention of diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, 78216 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|