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Buzzanca C, Di Stefano V, D'Amico A, Gallina A, Melilli MG. A systematic review on Cynara cardunculus L.: bioactive compounds, nutritional properties and food-industry applications of a sustainable food. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-20. [PMID: 39488850 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2423046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2024] [Revised: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
The cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.), is a perennial plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, and its cultivated species are widely used in the Mediterranean diet. This review provides an overview of cardoons' chemical composition, bioactive properties and multiple industrial and food applications. Thanks to its nutritional composition, the use of cardoon has increased in food, cosmetic and industrial sectors, such as the energy industry or in the production of paper pulp or bio-packaging. An application in the food industry has involved using of cardoon as a vegetable coagulant for gourmet cheeses-making, as the flowers are rich in aspartic proteases. Cardoon by-products are also rich in bioactive compounds with important health benefits. Most of these nutritional activities are due to the presence of phenolic compounds, minerals, inulin, fibre and sesquiterpene lactones with interesting antioxidant and antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, lipid-lowering, cytotoxic and anti-diabetic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Buzzanca
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vita Di Stefano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela D'Amico
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gallina
- National Council of Research, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR-ICB), Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Melilli
- National Council of Research, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (CNR-ICB), Catania, Italy
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2
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Bande-De León C, Buendía-Moreno L, Abellán A, Manzi P, Al Mohandes Dridi B, Essaidi I, Aquilanti L, Tejada L. Clotting and Proteolytic Activity of Freeze-Dried Crude Extracts Obtained from Wild Thistles Cynara humilis L. and Onopordum platylepis Murb. Foods 2023; 12:2325. [PMID: 37372535 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising interest in finding alternatives to animal rennet in cheese production has led to studying the technological feasibility of using and exploiting new species of herbaceous plants. In this research work, and for the first time, freeze-dried extracts from Cynara humilis L. (CH) and Onopordum platylepis Murb. (OP) were studied for mineral and protein content, and their clotting and proteolytic activity were compared to those of Cynara cardunculus L. (CC). The effect of extract concentration (5-40 mg extract/mL), temperature (20-85 °C), pH (5-8), and CaCl2 concentration (5-70 mM) on the milk clotting activity (MCA) of CC, CH and OP extracts was evaluated. The MCA values were significantly higher in CC at the same extract concentration. The extract that showed the most significant increase in clotting activity due to increased temperature was OP, with maximum activity at 70 °C. The pH value for maximum milk clotting was 5.0 for both CC and CH, whereas, in the case of OP, the pH value was 5.5. CaCl2 enhanced the clotting capacity of the extracts, particularly for OP and CH. Furthermore, proteolytic activity (PA) and the hydrolysis rate increased with increasing time and enzyme concentration, with CC being the extract that achieved the highest caseinolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Bande-De León
- Department of Human Nutrition and Food Technology, Universidad Católica de Murcia-UCAM, Campus de los Jerónimos, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Buendía-Moreno
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Adela Abellán
- Department of Human Nutrition and Food Technology, Universidad Católica de Murcia-UCAM, Campus de los Jerónimos, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pamela Manzi
- CREA, Centro di Ricerca Alimenti e Nutrizione, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Bouthaina Al Mohandes Dridi
- Research Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology LR21AGR02, High Agronomic Institute of Chott-Mariem, University of Sousse, Sousse 4042, Tunisia
| | - Ismahen Essaidi
- Research Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology LR21AGR02, High Agronomic Institute of Chott-Mariem, University of Sousse, Sousse 4042, Tunisia
| | - Lucia Aquilanti
- Departament of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Luis Tejada
- Department of Human Nutrition and Food Technology, Universidad Católica de Murcia-UCAM, Campus de los Jerónimos, 30107 Murcia, Spain
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Lambré C, Barat Baviera JM, Bolognesi C, Cocconcelli PS, Crebelli R, Gott DM, Grob K, Lampi E, Mengelers M, Mortensen A, Rivière G, Steffensen I, Tlustos C, Van Loveren H, Vernis L, Zorn H, Andryszkiewicz M, Liu Y, Chesson A. Safety evaluation of the food enzyme phytepsin from Cynara cardunculus L. EFSA J 2023; 21:e07909. [PMID: 36969549 PMCID: PMC10035323 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The food enzyme phytepsin (EC 3.4.23.40) is extracted from the pistils of the cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) by different manufacturers represented by the Dirección General de Salud Pública, Gobierno de Canarias, España. It is intended to be used in milk processing for cheese production. As no concerns arose from the source of the food enzyme, from its manufacture, and based on a history of safe use and consumption, the Panel considered that toxicological data and the estimation of dietary exposure were not required. A search for the similarity of the amino acid sequences of the food enzyme to known allergens was made and no matches were found. The Panel considered that allergic reactions to this phytepsin cannot be excluded in individuals allergic to cardoon. However, the likelihood of allergic reactions to the phytepsin from C. cardunculus L. is expected not to exceed the likelihood of allergic reactions to cardoon. As the prevalence of allergic reactions to cardoon is low, also the likelihood of such reactions to occur to the food enzyme is low. Based on the data provided, the Panel concluded that this food enzyme does not give rise to safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.
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4
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Lambré C, Barat Baviera JM, Bolognesi C, Cocconcelli PS, Crebelli R, Gott DM, Grob K, Lampi E, Mengelers M, Mortensen A, Rivière G, Steffensen I, Tlustos C, Van Loveren H, Vernis L, Zorn H, Roos Y, Andryszkiewicz M, Liu Y, Chesson A. Safety evaluation of the food enzyme phytepsin from Cynara cardunculus L. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07678. [PMID: 36507102 PMCID: PMC9727919 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The food enzyme phytepsin (EC 3.4.23.40) is extracted from the pistils of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) by QUALIFICA/oriGIn PORTUGAL. It is intended to be used in milk processing for cheese production. As no concerns arose from the source of the food enzyme, from its manufacture, and based on the history of safe use and consumption, the Panel considered that toxicological data and the estimation of dietary exposure were not required. The Panel considered that allergic reactions to this phytepsin cannot be excluded in individuals allergic to this plant. However, the likelihood of allergic reactions to the phytepsin from C. cardunculus L. is expected not to exceed the likelihood of allergic reactions to cardoon. As the prevalence of allergic reactions to cardoon is low, also the likelihood of such reaction to occur to the food enzyme is low. Based on the data provided, the Panel concluded that this food enzyme does not give rise to safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.
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Lambré C, Barat Baviera JM, Bolognesi C, Cocconcelli PS, Crebelli R, Gott DM, Grob K, Lampi E, Mengelers M, Mortensen A, Rivière G, Steffensen I, Tlustos C, Van Loveren H, Vernis L, Zorn H, Roos Y, Andryszkiewicz M, Liu Y, Chesson A. Safety evaluation of the food enzyme phytepsin from Cynara cardunculus L. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07680. [PMID: 36507100 PMCID: PMC9727922 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The food enzyme phytepsin (EC 3.4.23.40) is extracted from the pistils of the cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) by seven manufacturers represented by the Regulation Council of Protected Designation of Origin Torta del Casar. It is intended to be used in milk processing for cheese production. As no concerns arose from the source of the food enzyme, from its manufacture, and based on the history of safe use and consumption, the Panel considered that toxicological data and the estimation of dietary exposure were not required. A search for similarity of the amino acid sequences of the food enzyme to known allergens was made and no matches were found. The Panel considered that allergic reactions to this phytepsin cannot be excluded in individuals allergic to this plant. However, the likelihood of allergic reactions to the phytepsin from C. cardunculus L. is expected not to exceed the likelihood of allergic reactions to cardoon. As the prevalence of allergic reactions to cardoon is low, also the likelihood of such reaction to occur to the food enzyme is low. Based on the data provided, the Panel concluded that this food enzyme does not give rise to safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.
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6
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Lambré C, Barat Baviera JM, Bolognesi C, Cocconcelli PS, Crebelli R, Gott DM, Grob K, Lampi E, Mengelers M, Mortensen A, Rivière G, Steffensen I, Tlustos C, Van Loveren H, Vernis L, Zorn H, Roos Y, Andryszkiewicz M, Liu Y, Chesson A. Safety evaluation of the food enzyme phytepsin from Cynara cardunculus L. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07681. [PMID: 36507101 PMCID: PMC9727923 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The food enzyme phytepsin (EC 3.4.23.40) is extracted from the pistils of the cardoon Cynara cardunculus L. by ABIASA. It is intended to be used in milk processing for cheese production. As no concerns arose from the source of the food enzyme, from its manufacture, and based on the history of safe use and consumption, the Panel considered that toxicological data and the estimation of dietary exposure were not required. The Panel considered that allergic reactions to this phytepsin cannot be excluded in individuals allergic to this plant. However, the likelihood of allergic reactions to the phytepsin from C. cardunculus L. is expected not to exceed the likelihood of allergic reactions to cardoon. As the prevalence of allergic reactions to cardoon is low, also the likelihood of such reaction to occur to the food enzyme is low. Based on the data provided, the Panel concluded that this food enzyme does not give rise to safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.
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Potentialities of aqueous extract from cultivated Onopordum tauricum (Willd.) as milk clotting agent for cheesemaking. Food Res Int 2022; 158:111592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Maiuolo J, Musolino V, Gliozzi M, Carresi C, Oppedisano F, Nucera S, Scarano F, Scicchitano M, Guarnieri L, Bosco F, Macrì R, Ruga S, Cardamone A, Coppoletta AR, Ilari S, Mollace A, Muscoli C, Cognetti F, Mollace V. The Employment of Genera Vaccinium, Citrus, Olea, and Cynara Polyphenols for the Reduction of Selected Anti-Cancer Drug Side Effects. Nutrients 2022; 14:1574. [PMID: 35458136 PMCID: PMC9025632 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most widespread diseases globally and one of the leading causes of death. Known cancer treatments are chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, targeted hormonal therapy, or a combination of these methods. Antitumor drugs, with different mechanisms, interfere with cancer growth by destroying cancer cells. However, anticancer drugs are dangerous, as they significantly affect both cancer cells and healthy cells. In addition, there may be the onset of systemic side effects perceived and mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and further carcinogenicity. Many polyphenolic extracts, taken on top of common anti-tumor drugs, can participate in the anti-proliferative effect of drugs and significantly reduce the side effects developed. This review aims to discuss the current scientific knowledge of the protective effects of polyphenols of the genera Vaccinium, Citrus, Olea, and Cynara on the side effects induced by four known chemotherapy, Cisplatin, Doxorubicin, Tamoxifen, and Paclitaxel. In particular, the summarized data will help to understand whether polyphenols can be used as adjuvants in cancer therapy, although further clinical trials will provide crucial information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- Laboratoy of Pharmaceutical Biology, IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Canzaro, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Laboratoy of Pharmaceutical Biology, IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Canzaro, Italy;
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (F.O.); (S.N.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (S.I.); (V.M.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (F.O.); (S.N.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (S.I.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (F.O.); (S.N.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (S.I.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (F.O.); (S.N.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (S.I.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (F.O.); (S.N.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (S.I.); (V.M.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (F.O.); (S.N.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (S.I.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (F.O.); (S.N.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (S.I.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (F.O.); (S.N.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (S.I.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (F.O.); (S.N.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (S.I.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (F.O.); (S.N.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (S.I.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (F.O.); (S.N.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (S.I.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (F.O.); (S.N.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (S.I.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sara Ilari
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (F.O.); (S.N.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (S.I.); (V.M.)
| | - Annachiara Mollace
- Medical Oncology 1, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (F.O.); (S.N.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (S.I.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesco Cognetti
- Medical Oncology 1, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (F.O.); (S.N.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (S.I.); (V.M.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Valcannuta 247, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Nicosia FD, Puglisi I, Pino A, Caggia C, Randazzo CL. Plant Milk-Clotting Enzymes for Cheesemaking. Foods 2022; 11:871. [PMID: 35327293 PMCID: PMC8949083 DOI: 10.3390/foods11060871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduced availability and the increasing prices of calf rennet, coupled to the growing global demand of cheese has led, worldwide, to explore alternative clotting enzymes, capable to replace traditional rennet, during the cheesemaking. In addition, religious factors and others related to the vegetarianism of some consumers, have led to alternative rennet substitutes. Nowadays, several plant-derived milk-clotting enzymes are available for cheesemaking technology. Many efforts have also been made to compare their effects on rheological and sensory properties of cheese to those arising from animal rennet. However, vegetable clotting enzymes are still partially suitable for cheesemaking, due to excessive proteolytic activity, which contribute to bitter flavor development. This review provides a literature overview of the most used vegetable clotting enzymes in cheese technology, classified according to their protease class. Finally, clotting and proteolytic activities are discussed in relation to their application on the different cheesemaking products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Domenico Nicosia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.D.N.); (I.P.); (A.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Ivana Puglisi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.D.N.); (I.P.); (A.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Alessandra Pino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.D.N.); (I.P.); (A.P.); (C.C.)
- ProBioEtna, Spin-off of University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Cinzia Caggia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.D.N.); (I.P.); (A.P.); (C.C.)
- ProBioEtna, Spin-off of University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lucia Randazzo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.D.N.); (I.P.); (A.P.); (C.C.)
- ProBioEtna, Spin-off of University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Bioactive Compounds from Cardoon as Health Promoters in Metabolic Disorders. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030336. [PMID: 35159487 PMCID: PMC8915173 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) is a Mediterranean plant and member of the Asteraceae family that includes three botanical taxa, the wild perennial cardoon (C. cardunculus L. var. sylvestris (Lamk) Fiori), globe artichoke (C. cardunculus L. var. scolymus L. Fiori), and domesticated cardoon (C. cardunculus L. var. altilis DC.). Cardoon has been widely used in the Mediterranean diet and folk medicine since ancient times. Today, cardoon is recognized as a plant with great industrial potential and is considered as a functional food, with important nutritional value, being an interesting source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, minerals, inulin, fiber, and sesquiterpene lactones. These bioactive compounds have been vastly described in the literature, exhibiting a wide range of beneficial effects, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, lipid-lowering, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antihemorrhoidal, cardiotonic, and choleretic activity. In this review, an overview of the cardoon nutritional and phytochemical composition, as well as its biological potential, is provided, highlighting the main therapeutic effects of the different parts of the cardoon plant on metabolic disorders, specifically associated with hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, and antidiabetic activity.
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11
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Folgado A, Abranches R. Tobacco BY2 cells expressing recombinant cardosin B as an alternative for production of active milk clotting enzymes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14501. [PMID: 34262119 PMCID: PMC8280186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cynara cardunculus L. or cardoon is a plant that is used as a source of milk clotting enzymes during traditional cheese manufacturing. This clotting activity is due to aspartic proteases (APs) found in the cardoon flower, named cyprosins and cardosins. APs from cardoon flowers display a great degree of heterogeneity, resulting in variable milk clotting activities and directly influencing the final product. Producing these APs using alternative platforms such as bacteria or yeast has proven challenging, which is hampering their implementation on an industrial scale. We have developed tobacco BY2 cell lines as an alternative plant-based platform for the production of cardosin B. These cultures successfully produced active cardosin B and a purification pipeline was developed to obtain isolated cardosin B. The enzyme displayed proteolytic activity towards milk caseins and milk clotting activity under standard cheese manufacturing conditions. We also identified an unprocessed form of cardosin B and further investigated its activation process. The use of protease-specific inhibitors suggested a possible role for a cysteine protease in cardosin B processing. Mass spectrometry analysis identified three cysteine proteases containing a granulin-domain as candidates for cardosin B processing. These findings suggest an interaction between these two groups of proteases and contribute to an understanding of the mechanisms behind the regulation and processing of plant APs. This work also paves the way for the use of tobacco BY2 cells as an alternative production system for active cardosins and represents an important advancement towards the industrial production of cardoon APs.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Folgado
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, ITQB NOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rita Abranches
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, ITQB NOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
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Castro MM, Rosa D, Ferro AM, Faustino A, Paulino A, Brás T, Machado E, Cruz CP, Belo ADF, Nozes P, Portugal J, Ramôa S, Mendonça D, Simões F, Duarte MF, Marum L. Genetic diversity and population structure of Cynara cardunculus L. in southern Portugal. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252792. [PMID: 34106958 PMCID: PMC8189484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cynara cardunculus L. is a cardoon species native to the Mediterranean region, which is composed of three botanical taxa, each having distinct biological characteristics. The aim of this study was to examine wild populations of C. cardunculus established in Portugal, in order to determine their genetic diversity, geographic distribution, and population structure. Based on SSR markers, 121 individuals of C. cardunculus from 17 wild populations of the Portuguese Alentejo region were identified and analysed. Ten SSRs were found to be efficient markers in the genetic diversity analysis. The total number of alleles ranged from 9 to 17 per locus. The expected and observed means in heterozygosity, by population analysed, were 0.591 and 0.577, respectively. The wild population exhibited a high level of genetic diversity at the species level. The highest proportion of genetic variation was identified within a geographic group, while variation was lower among groups. Geographic areas having highest genetic diversity were identified in Alvito, Herdade da Abóboda, Herdade da Revilheira and Herdade de São Romão populations. Moreover, significant genetic differentiation existed between wild populations from North-Alentejo geographic locations (Arraiolos, Évora, Monte da Chaminé) and Centro Hortofrutícola, compared with other populations. This study reports genetic diversity among a representative number of wild populations and genotypes of C. cardunculus from Portugal. These results will provide valuable information towards future management of C. cardunculus germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Miguel Castro
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
| | - Daniela Rosa
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
- MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development – CEBAL, Beja, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Ferro
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
- MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development – CEBAL, Beja, Portugal
| | - Ana Faustino
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
- MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development – CEBAL, Beja, Portugal
| | - Ana Paulino
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology, Faculdade de Ciência, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Brás
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
- LAQV/ REQUIMTE, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eliana Machado
- MED-Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade de Évora, Ap 94, Évora, Portugal
| | - Carla Pinto Cruz
- Ambiente e Desenvolvimento & Departamento de Biologia, MED - Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Ap 94, Évora, Portugal
| | - Anabela D. F. Belo
- Ambiente e Desenvolvimento & Departamento de Biologia, MED - Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Ap 94, Évora, Portugal
| | - Paula Nozes
- Departamento de Biociências/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
| | - João Portugal
- Departamento de Biociências/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
- VALORIZA – Centro de Investigação para a Valorização dos Recursos Endógenos, Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre, Portalegre, Portugal
| | - Sofia Ramôa
- Departamento de Biociências/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
| | - Diogo Mendonça
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária I.P. (INIAV IP), Unidade Estratégica de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, I.P., Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Simões
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária I.P. (INIAV IP), Unidade Estratégica de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, I.P., Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria F. Duarte
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
- MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development – CEBAL, Beja, Portugal
| | - Liliana Marum
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
- MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development – CEBAL, Beja, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Barracosa P, Simões I, Martins A, Barros M, Pires E. Biochemical diversity of cardoon flowers (Cynara cardunculus L.): Predicting PDO Mediterranean cheese textures. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Exploring the Milk-Clotting and Proteolytic Activities in Different Tissues of Vallesia glabra: a New Source of Plant Proteolytic Enzymes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:389-404. [PMID: 33009584 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Proteolytic enzymes are widely distributed in nature, playing essential roles in important biological functions. Recently, the use of plant proteases at the industrial level has mainly increased in the food industry (e.g., cheesemaking, meat tenderizing, and protein hydrolysate production). Current technological and scientific advances in the detection and characterization of proteolytic enzymes have encouraged the search for new natural sources. Thus, this work aimed to explore the milk-clotting and proteolytic properties of different tissues of Vallesia glabra. Aqueous extracts from the leaves, fruits, and seeds of V. glabra presented different protein profiles, proteolytic activity, and milk-clotting activity. The milk-clotting activity increased with temperature (30-65 °C), but this activity was higher in leaf (0.20 MCU/mL) compared with that in fruit and seed extracts (0.12 and 0.11 MCU/mL, respectively) at 50 °C. Proteolytic activity in the extracts assayed at different pH (2.5-12.0) suggested the presence of different types of active proteases, with maximum activity at acidic conditions (4.0-4.5). Inhibitory studies indicated that major activity in V. glabra extracts is related to cysteine proteases; however, the presence of serine, aspartic, and metalloproteases was also evident. The hydrolytic profile of caseins indicated that V. glabra leaves could be used as a rennet substitute in cheesemaking, representing a new and promising source of proteolytic enzymes.
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Zikiou A, Esteves AC, Esteves E, Rosa N, Gomes S, Louro Martins AP, Zidoune MN, Barros M. Algerian cardoon flowers express a large spectrum of coagulant enzymes with potential applications in cheesemaking. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Folgado A, Abranches R. Plant Aspartic Proteases for Industrial Applications: Thistle Get Better. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E147. [PMID: 31979230 PMCID: PMC7076372 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant proteases have a number of applications in industrial processes including cheese manufacturing. The flower of the cardoon plant (Cynara cardunculus L.) is traditionally used as a milk-clotting agent in protected designation of origin cheeses made from goat and sheep milk. Plant-derived rennets are of particular importance to consumers who wish to eat cheeses that are produced without harming any animals. In this review, we have highlighted the importance of plant proteases, particularly aspartic proteases, in industrial processes, as well as exploring more fundamental aspects of their synthesis. We have also reviewed and discussed the production of these enzymes using sustainable and cost-effective alternative platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rita Abranches
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
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Folgado A, Pires AS, Figueiredo AC, Pimentel C, Abranches R. Toward alternative sources of milk coagulants for cheese manufacturing: establishment of hairy roots culture and protease characterization from Cynara cardunculus L. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:89-100. [PMID: 31583429 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracts from hairy root cultures of Cynara cardunculus L. contain proteases and show milk-clotting activity. Cynara cardunculus L. or cardoon is often used as rennet in traditional cheese manufacturing, due to the presence of specific proteases in the flower. However, the flower extracts are variable depending on the provenance and quality of the flowers as well as high genetic variability among cardoon populations, and this affects the quality of the final product. In search for alternative sources of milk-clotting enzymes, hairy root cultures from cardoon were obtained and characterized regarding their protease content and proteolytic activity toward milk proteins. Aspartic, serine and cysteine proteases were identified in hairy roots by mass spectrometry analysis and an azocasein assay combined with specific inhibitors. RT-PCR analysis revealed the expression of cardosin A and D, and immunoblotting analysis suggested the presence of cardosin A or cardosin A-like enzyme in its mature form, supporting this system as an alternative source of cardosins. Hairy root protein extracts showed activity over caseins, supporting its use as milk coagulant, which was further tested by milk-clotting assays. This is also the first report on the establishment of hairy root cultures from cardoon, which paves the way for future work on controlled platforms for production of valuable metabolites which are known to be present in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Folgado
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Pires
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Figueiredo
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM Lisboa), Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal (CBV), 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pimentel
- Genomics and Stress Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rita Abranches
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
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18
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Barracosa P, Barracosa M, Pires E. Cardoon as a Sustainable Crop for Biomass and Bioactive Compounds Production. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900498. [PMID: 31778035 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardoon is a multi-purpose and versatile Mediterranean crop, adapted to climate change, with a wide spectrum of potential applications due its added value as a rich source of fibers, oils and bioactive compounds. The Cynara species are a component of the Mediterranean diet and have been used as food and medicine since ancient times. The important role of cardoon in human nutrition, as a functional food, is due to its high content of nutraceutical and bioactive compounds such as oligofructose inulin, caffeoylquinic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, sesquiterpenes lactones, triterpenes, fatty acids and aspartic proteases. The present review highlights the characteristics and functions of cardoon biomass which permits the development of innovative products in food and nutrition, pharmaceutics and cosmetics, plant protection and biocides, oils and energy, lignocellulose materials, and healthcare industries following the actual trends of a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Barracosa
- Escola Superior Agrária de Viseu - Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, 3500-606, Viseu, Portugal.,CI&DETS - Centro de Estudos em Educação, Tecnologias e Saúde, 3504-510, Viseu, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mariana Barracosa
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação -, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Euclides Pires
- Departamento Ciências da Vida - FCTUC, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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Technological characterization and sensory evaluation of a traditional Algerian fresh cheese clotted with Cynara cardunculus L. flowers and lactic acid bacteria. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 56:3431-3438. [PMID: 31274911 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Jben is an Algerian traditional fresh cheese produced on a small scale in a limited area of east and west Algeria, in Maghnia and Nadrouma. It is manufactured from raw sheep, cow or goat milks, coagulated with dried flowers of wild thistle Cynara cardunculus L. without starter culture addition. In this work, Jben was made using cow and goat pasteurized milks to improve the microbiological quality. Milk was clotted with crude enzymatic extract of dried flowers of wild thistle C. cardunculus L. In order to obtain a better organoleptic characteristic, the assays of cheese making were realized with adding strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional cheeses. Physico-chemical and microbiological analyzes were carried out on the manufactured cheeses. Milk was clotted with 0.5% v/v by aqueous extract (40 g/L) of dried flowers of C. cardunculus L. Better organoleptic quality and higher cheese yield were obtained with goat milk. Cheese made from pasteurized goat's milk added with Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, and that added with the mixture of lactic acid bacteria strains L. lactis subsp. lactis, Lactococcus raffinolactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroïdes ssp. mesenteroïdes, were the most appreciated. It is believed that the activity of L. raffinolactis in dairy products may contribute to their final sensory characteristics.
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20
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Colombo ML, Fernández A, Cimino CV, Liggieri C, Bruno M, Faro C, Veríssimo PC, Vairo-Cavalli S. Miniature cheeses made with blends of chymosin and a vegetable rennet from flowers of Silybum marianum: Enzymatic characterization of the flower-coagulant peptidase. Food Chem 2018; 266:223-231. [PMID: 30381179 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Binary blends of S. marianum-flower extract and chymosin, as coagulant preparations, enabled the manufacture of miniature cheeses with distinctive characteristics compared to those of chymosin-renneted cheeses. The physicochemical parameters, sensory attributes of the cheeses, and in-vitro water-soluble antioxidant activity were analyzed and compared to those properties obtained from control chymosin-renneted cheeses. The preponderant proteolytic constituent in the flower extract was isolated in a two-step-purification protocol. The thus purified aspartic peptidase was maximally active at acidic pHs and exhibited a preference for peptide bonds between hydrophobic residues. Enzymologic characterization revealed differences in the kinetic parameters and specificity compared to other enzymes employed, such as rennet. S. marianum-flower extract, as a source of peptidase with distinctive characteristics, is a suitable substitute for chymosin in miniature-cheese production. The addition of vegetable rennet contributed to the development of an intense aroma and conferred antioxidant activity to the cheeses and wheys.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laura Colombo
- CIPROVE-Centro Asociado CICPBA, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, Calle 47 y 115 S/N, B1900AJL La Plata, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina
| | - Agustina Fernández
- CIPROVE-Centro Asociado CICPBA, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, Calle 47 y 115 S/N, B1900AJL La Plata, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina
| | - Cecilia V Cimino
- CIPROVE-Centro Asociado CICPBA, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, Calle 47 y 115 S/N, B1900AJL La Plata, Argentina
| | - Constanza Liggieri
- CIPROVE-Centro Asociado CICPBA, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, Calle 47 y 115 S/N, B1900AJL La Plata, Argentina; CICPBA, Argentina
| | - Mariela Bruno
- CIPROVE-Centro Asociado CICPBA, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, Calle 47 y 115 S/N, B1900AJL La Plata, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina
| | - Carlos Faro
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Biocant, Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Núcleo 04, Lote 3, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Paula C Veríssimo
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra 3000-456 Portugal.
| | - Sandra Vairo-Cavalli
- CIPROVE-Centro Asociado CICPBA, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, Calle 47 y 115 S/N, B1900AJL La Plata, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Zikiou A, Zidoune MN. Enzymatic extract from flowers of Algerian spontaneousCynara cardunculus: Milk-clotting properties and use in the manufacture of a Camembert-type cheese. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Zikiou
- Equipe de Transformation et d'Elaboration des Produits Alimentaires (T.E.P.A.); Laboratoire de Nutrition et des Technologies Alimentaires (L.N.T.A.); Institut de Nutrition d'Alimentation et de Technologie Agro-Alimentaire (I.N.A.T.A.A.); Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1; Route Ain El Bey 25000 Constantine Algeria
- Division de Biotechnologie Alimentaire; Centre de Recherche en Biotechnologie (C.R.Bt); Nouvelle ville Ali Mendjeli; UV03 BP E73 25000 Constantine Algeria
| | - Mohammed Nasreddine Zidoune
- Equipe de Transformation et d'Elaboration des Produits Alimentaires (T.E.P.A.); Laboratoire de Nutrition et des Technologies Alimentaires (L.N.T.A.); Institut de Nutrition d'Alimentation et de Technologie Agro-Alimentaire (I.N.A.T.A.A.); Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1; Route Ain El Bey 25000 Constantine Algeria
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Barracosa P, Rosa N, Barros M, Pires E. Selected Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) Genotypes Suitable for PDO Cheeses in Mediterranean Regions. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1800110. [PMID: 29790297 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cardoon flower extract is a traditional and exclusive rennet used for some PDO cheeses in several Mediterranean regions, due to its extremely high concentration in cardosins. In this preliminary study, six individual cardoon genotypes (1M - 6M) were selected because they revealed a wide and consistent diversity of total and specific cardosin concentrations in flowers. During three growing seasons, the stability of 12 biochemical characteristics of flower extracts and 26 plant morphological descriptors was confirmed. Surprisingly, the cardosin profiles of each genotype, based on four main groups A0, A1, A and B, were stable during the annual flower harvesting period and over all three years using ion-exchange chromatography and native-PAGE electrophoresis. This knowledge will allow an improvement in the quality and standardization of cardosin profiles from cardoon flowers used for cheese production and other innovative applications. The results obtained are promising for the development of a plant breeding program based on biochemical and morphological characteristics in order to obtain the most adapted plant architecture for combined purposes related to specific cardosins composition, flower and plant biomass production, and ease of harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Barracosa
- Escola Superior Agrária de Viseu- Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Viseu, Portugal.,CI&DETS - Centro de Estudos em Educação, Tecnologias e Saúde, 3504-510, Viseu, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nuno Rosa
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Católica Portuguesa- Pólo de Viseu, 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Marlene Barros
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Católica Portuguesa- Pólo de Viseu, 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Euclides Pires
- Departamento Ciências da Vida - FCTUC, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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Cardoon-based rennets for cheese production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4675-4686. [PMID: 29696340 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of crude aqueous extracts of Cynara cardunculus flowers as coagulants in the production of high-quality sheep and goat cheeses-as are the cases of several Portuguese and Spanish cheese varieties with Protected Designation of Origin status-has been maintained since ancient times. The unique rheological attributes and sensory properties characteristic of these cheeses have always suggested that this plant coagulant (and, therefore, its isolated milk-clotting proteases) could be used as alternative rennet in the dairy industry, particularly suited for the production of sheep and goat cheeses. However, the lack of standardization of C. cardunculus crude flower extracts, whose quality and performance depends on numerous factors, has always hampered the application of this plant rennet in industrial production scales. To overcome these limitations, and to aim at developing more effective solutions with potential for scalability of production and commercial application, several strategies have been undertaken in more recent years to establish new cardoon-based rennets. This review provides an overview on these developments and on the currently available solutions, which range from producing standardized formulations of native cardoon enzymes, to the optimization of the heterologous production of cardosins and cyprosins to generate synthetic versions of these milk-clotting enzymes. Challenges and emerging opportunities are also discussed.
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24
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Ben Amira A, Blecker C, Richel A, Arias AA, Fickers P, Francis F, Besbes S, Attia H. Influence of the ripening stage and the lyophilization of wild cardoon flowers on their chemical composition, enzymatic activities of extracts and technological properties of cheese curds. Food Chem 2018; 245:919-925. [PMID: 29287460 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Feijoo-Siota L, Rama JLR, Sánchez-Pérez A, Villa TG. Expression, activation and processing of a novel plant milk-clotting aspartic protease in Pichia pastoris. J Biotechnol 2018; 268:28-39. [PMID: 29339117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Galium verum, also known as Lady's Bedstraw or Cheese Rennet, is an herbaceous perennial plant traditionally used in cheese-making. We used RACE PCR to isolate novel enzymes from Galium verum with the ability to clot milk. This approach generated two cDNA sequences (named preprogaline A and B) encoding proteins displaying the typical plant aspartic protease primary structure. Preprogaline B was expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris, after deleting and replacing its original signal peptide with the yeast α-factor signal peptide from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The secreted recombinant protein was obtained by growing P. pastoris in YPD medium and had the ability to clot milk. The mature form of progaline B is a heterodimeric glycosylated enzyme, with a molecular weight of approximately 48 kDa, that contains a heavy (30.7 kDa) and a light (13.5 kDa) polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bonds. Western blot analysis revealed that progaline B is activated by the acidification of the yeast culture medium and that enzymatic activation requires two steps. First the precursor protein is cleaved into two polypeptide chains by partial removal of the plant-specific insert (PSI) present in plant aspartic proteases; this is later followed by propeptide removal. By altering the pH of the P. pastoris culture medium, we were able to obtain either active or inactive forms of the enzyme. Recombinant progaline B displayed a κ-casein hydrolysis pattern analogous to those produced by the animal and microbial coagulants currently used in the dairy industry, but it exhibited a different digestion profile on α- and β-caseins. The plant protease progaline B displays milk-clotting activities suitable for the production of novel dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Feijoo-Siota
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Unit, University of Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - José Luis R Rama
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Unit, University of Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Angeles Sánchez-Pérez
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tomás G Villa
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology Unit, University of Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
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Sampaio PNS, Calado CRC. Comparative analysis of different transformed Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains based on high-throughput Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. J Biotechnol 2017; 260:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Mazorra-Manzano MA, Ramírez-Suarez JC, Yada RY. Plant proteases for bioactive peptides release: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2147-2163. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1308312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Mazorra-Manzano
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Lácteos, Química y Autenticidad de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - J. C. Ramírez-Suarez
- Laboratorio de Calidad de Productos Pesqueros, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - R. Y. Yada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Ben Amira A, Besbes S, Attia H, Blecker C. Milk-clotting properties of plant rennets and their enzymatic, rheological, and sensory role in cheese making: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1289959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ben Amira
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Unit of Food Science and Formulation, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- National Engineering School of Sfax, Laboratory of Food Analysis, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Souhail Besbes
- National Engineering School of Sfax, Laboratory of Food Analysis, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamadi Attia
- National Engineering School of Sfax, Laboratory of Food Analysis, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Christophe Blecker
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Unit of Food Science and Formulation, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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29
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Ben Amira A, Bauwens J, De Pauw E, Besbes S, Attia H, Francis F, Blecker C. Identification of proteins from wild cardoon flowers ( Cynara cardunculus L.) by a proteomic approach. J Chem Biol 2016; 10:25-33. [PMID: 28101252 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-016-0161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomic approach was applied to identify total proteins, particularly the enzymatic content, from wild cardoon flowers. As the selection of an appropriate sample preparation method is the key for getting reliable results, two different extraction/precipitation methods (trichloroacetic acid and phenol/ammonium acetate) were tested on fresh and lyophilized flowers. After two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-E) separations, a better protein pattern was obtained after phenol extraction from lyophilized flowers. Only 46 % of the total analyzed spots resulted in a protein identification by mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF. Four proteases (cardosins A, E, G, and H), which have become a subject of great interest in dairy technology, were identified. They presented molecular weights and isoelectric points very close and high levels of homology between matched peptides sequences. The absence of the other cardosins (B, C, D, and F) could be an advantage, as it reduces the excessive proteolytic activity that causes bitter flavors and texture defects, during cheese making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ben Amira
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio tech, Laboratory of Food Science and Formulation, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium ; University of Sfax, National Engineering School of Sfax, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Soukra Road, BP, W-3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Julien Bauwens
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Biotech, Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- University of Liège, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, B6 Building, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Souhail Besbes
- University of Sfax, National Engineering School of Sfax, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Soukra Road, BP, W-3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamadi Attia
- University of Sfax, National Engineering School of Sfax, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Soukra Road, BP, W-3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Frédéric Francis
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Biotech, Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Christophe Blecker
- University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio tech, Laboratory of Food Science and Formulation, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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30
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Esposito M, Di Pierro P, Dejonghe W, Mariniello L, Porta R. Enzymatic milk clotting activity in artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaves and alpine thistle (Carduus defloratus) flowers. Immobilization of alpine thistle aspartic protease. Food Chem 2016; 204:115-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Ordiales E, Martín A, Benito MJ, Ruiz-Moyano S, Gallardo G, Córdoba MDG. Characterisation of the vegetable rennets used for ‘Torta del Casar’ cheesemaking by a protein profile method. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ordiales
- Agricultura; Centro Tecnológico Nacional Agroalimentario Extremadura; CTAEX. Ctra. Villafranco a Balboa km 1.2. Villafranco del Guadiana 06195 Badajoz Spain
| | - Alberto Martín
- Nutrición y Bromatología; Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias; University of Extremadura; Ctra. de Cáceres s/n 06071 Badajoz Spain
| | - Maria J Benito
- Nutrición y Bromatología; Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias; University of Extremadura; Ctra. de Cáceres s/n 06071 Badajoz Spain
| | - Santiago Ruiz-Moyano
- Nutrición y Bromatología; Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias; University of Extremadura; Ctra. de Cáceres s/n 06071 Badajoz Spain
| | - Gustavo Gallardo
- Nutrición y Bromatología; Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias; University of Extremadura; Ctra. de Cáceres s/n 06071 Badajoz Spain
| | - Maria de Guia Córdoba
- Nutrición y Bromatología; Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias; University of Extremadura; Ctra. de Cáceres s/n 06071 Badajoz Spain
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32
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García V, Rovira S, Boutoial K, Ferrandini E, López MB. Physicochemical, microbiological, textural and sensory changes during the ripening of pasteurised goat milk cheese made with plant coagulant (Cynara scolymus). INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor García
- Food Science and Technology Department; International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’; Veterinary Faculty; University of Murcia; Campus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Silvia Rovira
- Food Science and Technology Department; International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’; Veterinary Faculty; University of Murcia; Campus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Khalid Boutoial
- Food Science and Technology Department; International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’; Veterinary Faculty; University of Murcia; Campus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Eduardo Ferrandini
- Food Science and Technology Department; International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’; Veterinary Faculty; University of Murcia; Campus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - María Belén López
- Food Science and Technology Department; International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’; Veterinary Faculty; University of Murcia; Campus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia Spain
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Duarte AS, Cavaleiro E, Pereira C, Merino S, Esteves AC, Duarte EP, Tomás JM, Correia AC. Aeromonas piscicola AH-3 expresses an extracellular collagenase with cytotoxic properties. Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 60:288-97. [PMID: 25443157 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and the phenotypic expression of a gene coding for a putative collagenase. This gene (AHA_0517) was identified in Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966 genome and named colAh. We constructed and characterized an Aeromonas piscicola AH-3::colAh knockout mutant. Collagenolytic activity of the wild-type and mutant strains was determined, demonstrating that colAh encodes for a collagenase. ColAh-collagen interaction was assayed by Far-Western blot, and cytopathic effects were investigated in Vero cells. We demonstrated that ColAh is a gluzincin metallopeptidase (approx. 100 kDa), able to cleave and physically interact with collagen, that contributes for Aeromonas collagenolytic activity and cytotoxicity. ColAh possess the consensus HEXXH sequence and a glutamic acid as the third zinc binding positioned downstream the HEXXH motif, but has low sequence similarity and distinct domain architecture to the well-known clostridial collagenases. In addition, these results highlight the importance of exploring new microbial collagenases that may have significant relevance for the health and biotechnological industries. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Collagenases play a central role in processes where collagen digestion is needed, for example host invasion by pathogenic micro-organisms. We identified a new collagenase from Aeromonas using an integrated in silico/in vitro strategy. This enzyme is able to bind and cleave collagen, contributes for AH-3 cytotoxicity and shares low similarity with known bacterial collagenases. This is the first report of an enzyme belonging to the gluzincin subfamily of the M9 family of peptidases in Aeromonas. This study increases the current knowledge on collagenolytic enzymes bringing new perspectives for biotechnology/medical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Duarte
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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34
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García V, Rovira S, Boutoial K, Álvarez D, López MB. A comparison of the use of thistle (Cynara cardunculus L.) and artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) aqueous extracts for milk coagulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-014-0197-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Almeida CM, Gomes D, Faro C, Simões I. Engineering a cardosin B-derived rennet for sheep and goat cheese manufacture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:269-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Esteves AC, Saraiva M, Correia A, Alves A. Botryosphaeriales fungi produce extracellular enzymes with biotechnological potential. Can J Microbiol 2014; 60:332-42. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phytopathogenic fungi are known for producing an arsenal of extracellular enzymes whose involvement in the infection mechanism has been suggested. However, these enzymes are largely unknown and their biotechnological potential also remains poorly understood. In this study, the production and thermostability of extracellular enzymes produced by phytopathogenic Botryosphaeriaceae was investigated. Hydrolytic and oxidative activities were detected and quantified at different temperatures. Most strains (70%; 37/53) were able to produce simultaneously cellulases, laccases, xylanases, pectinases, pectin lyases, amylases, lipases, and proteases. Surprisingly for mesophilic filamentous fungi, several enzymes proved to be thermostable: cellulases from Neofusicoccum mediterraneum CAA 001 and from Dothiorella prunicola CBS 124723, lipases from Diplodia pinea (CAA 015 and CBS 109726), and proteases from Melanops tulasnei CBS 116806 were more active at 70 °C than at any of the other temperatures tested. In addition, lipases produced by Diplodia pinea were found to be significantly more active than any other known lipase from Botryosphaeriales. The thermal activity profile and the wide array of activities secreted by these fungi make them optimal producers of biotechnologically relevant enzymes that may be applied in the food and the health industries (proteases), the pulp-and-paper and biofuel industries (cellulases), or even in the detergent industry (lipases, proteases, amylases, and cellulases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Esteves
- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Márcia Saraiva
- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António Correia
- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur Alves
- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Fernandes I, Alves A, Correia A, Devreese B, Esteves AC. Secretome analysis identifies potential virulence factors of Diplodia corticola, a fungal pathogen involved in cork oak (Quercus suber) decline. Fungal Biol 2014; 118:516-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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38
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Llorente BE, Obregón WD, Avilés FX, Caffini NO, Vairo-Cavalli S. Use of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) flower extract as a substitute for bovine rennet in the manufacture of Gouda-type cheese: characterization of aspartic proteases. Food Chem 2014; 159:55-63. [PMID: 24767026 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) flower extract was assayed with the aim of replacing animal rennet in the manufacture of Gouda-type cheeses from bovine milk. Floral extract coagulated milk within a suitable time for use on an industrial scale, while the yield of cheese obtained was equal to that achieved with bovine abomasum. Five proteolytic fractions with milk-clotting activity were isolated in a two-step purification protocol, three belonging to the cardosin group. Cheeses made with C. scolymus proteases must be brined for a longer period (40 h) to prevent overproteolysis and avoid the development of a background flavor. The type of coagulant (bovine or vegetable) had no significant effect on the cheeses' chemical parameters analyzed throughout ripening, and no significant organoleptic differences were detected between those manufactured with C. scolymus or animal rennet. The results indicate that C. scolymus flower extract is suitable for replacing animal rennet in the production of Gouda-type cheeses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta E Llorente
- Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory (CULTEV), Department of Basic Sciences, National University of Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Walter David Obregón
- LIProVe, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, CC 711, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Francesc X Avilés
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i de Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Néstor O Caffini
- LIProVe, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, CC 711, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sandra Vairo-Cavalli
- LIProVe, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, CC 711, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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Vairo Cavalli S, Lufrano D, Colombo ML, Priolo N. Properties and applications of phytepsins from thistle flowers. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 92:16-32. [PMID: 23701679 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous extracts of thistle flowers from the genus Cynara-Cardueae tribe Cass. (Cynareae Less.), Asteraceae Dumortier-are traditionally used in the Mediterranean region for production of artisanal cheeses. This is because of the presence of aspartic proteases (APs) with the ability to coagulate milk. Plant APs, collectively known as phytepsins (EC 3.4.23.40), are bilobed endopeptidases present in an ample variety of plant species with activity mainly at acidic pHs, and have two aspartic residues located on each side of a catalytic cleft that are responsible for catalysis. The cleavage of the scissile peptide-bond occurs primarily between residues with large hydrophobic side-chains. Even when aspartylendopeptidase activity in plants is normally present at relatively low levels overall, the flowers of several species of the Cardueae tribe possess APs with extremely high specific activities in certain tissues. For this reason, in the last two decades, APs present in thistle flowers have been the subject of intensive study. Present here is a compilation of work that summarizes the known chemical and biological properties of these proteases, as well as their biomedical and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vairo Cavalli
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Proteínas Vegetales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
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Native and Biotechnologically Engineered Plant Proteases with Industrial Applications. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-010-0431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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