1
|
Shi R, Cao Y, Yang T, Wang Y, Xiang Y, Chen F, Zhang W, Zhou X, Sun C, Fu S, Hu M, Zhang J, Wang X. Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals the Genetic Basis of Crude Fiber Components in Brassica napus L. Shoots at Stem Elongation Stage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:16530-16540. [PMID: 39001851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Brassica napus is currently the principal field crop for producing materials for primary, secondary and tertiary industries. B. napus shoots at stem elongation stage are rich in anthocyanins, vitamin C and mineral elements such as selenium, calcium and zinc, and represent a new type of green vegetable. However, the high crude fiber (CF) content of B. napus shoots affects their taste, and few studies have focused on the quality traits of these vegetables. In this study, we investigated five traits related to the CF components, including neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), hemicellulose (Hem) and cellulose (Cel), of B. napus shoots. Whole-genome resequencing at a depth of ∼20× was utilized to genotype an association panel of 202 diverse accessions, which resulted in the identification of 6,093,649 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 996,252 indels, respectively. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed for the five CF-related traits based on the phenotypic data observed in four environments. A total of 1,285 significant SNPs were detected at the threshold of -log10 (p) = 5.16, and 97 significant association regions were obtained. In addition, seven candidate genes located on chromosomes A2 (one gene), A8 (three genes), A9 (two genes) and C9 (one gene) related to CF traits were identified, and ten lines containing low CF contents were selected as excellent germplasm resources for breeding. Our results contributed new insights into the genetic basis of CF traits and suggested germplasm resources for the quality improvement of B. napus shoots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Nanjing 210014, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Yu Cao
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Nanjing 210014, PR China
- Yili Kazakh Autonmoous Prefecture Institure of Agricultural Science, Yining, Xinjiang 835000, PR China
| | - Tinghai Yang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Yanan Xiang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Chengming Sun
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Sanxiong Fu
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Nanjing 210014, PR China
- Yili Kazakh Autonmoous Prefecture Institure of Agricultural Science, Yining, Xinjiang 835000, PR China
| | - Maolong Hu
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Nanjing 210014, PR China
- Yili Kazakh Autonmoous Prefecture Institure of Agricultural Science, Yining, Xinjiang 835000, PR China
| | - Jiefu Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Nanjing 210014, PR China
- Yili Kazakh Autonmoous Prefecture Institure of Agricultural Science, Yining, Xinjiang 835000, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Nanjing 210014, PR China
- Yili Kazakh Autonmoous Prefecture Institure of Agricultural Science, Yining, Xinjiang 835000, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ren P, Ma L, Bao W, Wang J. Genome-Wide Identification and Hormone Response Analysis of the COBL Gene Family in Barley. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:612. [PMID: 38790240 PMCID: PMC11121046 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), a diverse cereal crop, exhibits remarkable versatility in its applications, ranging from food and fodder to industrial uses. The content of cellulose in barley is significantly influenced by the COBRA genes, which encode the plant glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein (GAP) that plays a pivotal role in the deposition of cellulose within the cell wall. The COBL (COBRA-Like) gene family has been discovered across numerous species, yet the specific members of this family in barley remain undetermined. In this study, we discovered 13 COBL genes within the barley genome using bioinformatics methods, subcellular localization, and protein structure analysis, finding that most of the barley COBL proteins have a signal peptide structure and are localized on the plasma membrane. Simultaneously, we constructed a phylogenetic tree and undertook a comprehensive analysis of the evolutionary relationships. Other characteristics of HvCOBL family members, including intraspecific collinearity, gene structure, conserved motifs, and cis-acting elements, were thoroughly characterized in detail. The assessment of HvCOBL gene expression in barley under various hormone treatments was conducted through qRT-PCR analysis, revealing jasmonic acid (JA) as the predominant hormonal regulator of HvCOBL gene expression. In summary, this study comprehensively identified and analyzed the barley COBL gene family, aiming to provide basic information for exploring the members of the HvCOBL gene family and to propose directions for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panrong Ren
- School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China; (L.M.); (W.B.)
| | - Liang Ma
- School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China; (L.M.); (W.B.)
| | - Wei Bao
- School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China; (L.M.); (W.B.)
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tian Z, Wang X, Dun X, Zhao K, Wang H, Ren L. An integrated QTL mapping and transcriptome sequencing provides further molecular insights and candidate genes for stem strength in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:38. [PMID: 38294547 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE We detected the major QTL- qSR.A07, which regulated stem strength and was fine-mapped to 490 kb. BnaA07G0302800ZS and BnaA07G0305700ZS as the candidate functional genes were identified at qSR.A07 locus. The stem's mechanical properties reflect its ability to resist lodging. In rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), although stem lodging negatively affects yield and generates harvesting difficulties, the molecular regulation of stem strength remains elusive. Hence, this study aimed to unravel the main loci and molecular mechanisms governing rapeseed stem strength. A mapping population consisting of 267 RILs (recombinant inbred lines) was developed from the crossed between ZS11 (high stem strength) and 4D122 (low stem strength), and two mechanical properties of stems including stem breaking strength and stem rind penetrometer resistance were phenotyped in four different environments. Four pleiotropic QTLs that were stable in at least two environments were detected. qSR.A07, the major one, was fine-mapped to a 490 kb interval between markers SA7-2711 and SA7-2760 on chromosome 7. It displayed epistatic interaction with qRPR.A09-2. Comparative transcriptome sequencing and analysis unveiled methionine/S-adenosylmethionine cycle (Met/SAM cycle), cytoskeleton organization, sulfur metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis as the main pathways associated with high stem strength. Further, we identified two candidate genes, BnaA07G0302800ZS and BnaA07G0305700ZS, at qSR.A07 locus. Gene sequence alignment identified a number of InDels, SNPs and amino acid variants in sequences of these genes between ZS11 and 4D122. Finally, based on these genetic variants, we developed three SNP markers of these genes to facilitate future genetic selection and functional studies. These findings offer important genetic resources for the molecular-assisted breeding of novel rapeseed stem lodging-resistant varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshu Tian
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Industrial Crops Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xinfa Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoling Dun
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiqin Zhao
- Industrial Crops Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lijun Ren
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'An, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ishida K. Reciprocal regulation of cellulose and lignin biosynthesis by the transcription factor OsTCP19. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:5-8. [PMID: 38128900 PMCID: PMC10735464 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on:Lv S, Lin Z, Shen J, Luo L, Xu Q, Li L, Gui J. 2024. OsTCP19 coordinates inhibition of lignin biosynthesis and promotion of cellulose biosynthesis to modify lodging resistance in rice. Journal of Experimental Botany 75, 123–136.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konan Ishida
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, The Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zang Y, Pei Y, Cong X, Ran F, Liu L, Wang C, Wang D, Min Y. Single-cell RNA-sequencing profiles reveal the developmental landscape of the Manihot esculenta Crantz leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:456-474. [PMID: 37706525 PMCID: PMC10756766 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important crop with a high photosynthetic rate and high yield. It is classified as a C3-C4 plant based on its photosynthetic and structural characteristics. To investigate the structural and photosynthetic characteristics of cassava leaves at the cellular level, we created a single-cell transcriptome atlas of cassava leaves. A total of 11,177 high-quality leaf cells were divided into 15 cell clusters. Based on leaf cell marker genes, we identified 3 major tissues of cassava leaves, which were mesophyll, epidermis, and vascular tissue, and analyzed their distinctive properties and metabolic activity. To supplement the genes for identifying the types of leaf cells, we screened 120 candidate marker genes. We constructed a leaf cell development trajectory map and discovered 6 genes related to cell differentiation fate. The structural and photosynthetic properties of cassava leaves analyzed at the single cellular level provide a theoretical foundation for further enhancing cassava yield and nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yechun Pei
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Xinli Cong
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Fangfang Ran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Liangwang Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Changyi Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yi Min
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liú R, Xiāo X, Gōng J, Lǐ J, Yán H, Gě Q, Lú Q, Lǐ P, Pān J, Shāng H, Shí Y, Chén Q, Yuán Y, Gǒng W. Genetic linkage analysis of stable QTLs in Gossypium hirsutum RIL population revealed function of GhCesA4 in fiber development. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00379-X. [PMID: 38065406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Upland cotton is an important allotetrapolyploid crop providing natural fibers for textile industry. Under the present high-level breeding and production conditions, further simultaneous improvement of fiber quality and yield is facing unprecedented challenges due to their complex negative correlations. OBJECTIVES The study was to adequately identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and dissect how they orchestrate the formation of fiber quality and yield. METHODS A high-density genetic map (HDGM) based on an intraspecific recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 231 individuals was used to identify QTLs and QTL clusters of fiber quality and yield traits. The weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) package in R software was utilized to identify WGCNA network and hub genes related to fiber development. Gene functions were verified via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 strategies. RESULTS An HDGM consisting of 8045 markers was constructed spanning 4943.01 cM of cotton genome. A total of 295 QTLs were identified based on multi-environmental phenotypes. Among 139 stable QTLs, including 35 newly identified ones, seventy five were of fiber quality and 64 yield traits. A total of 33 QTL clusters harboring 74 QTLs were identified. Eleven candidate hub genes were identified via WGCNA using genes in all stable QTLs and QTL clusters. The relative expression profiles of these hub genes revealed their correlations with fiber development. VIGS and CRISPR/Cas9 edition revealed that the hub gene cellulose synthase 4 (GhCesA4, GH_D07G2262) positively regulate fiber length and fiber strength formation and negatively lint percentage. CONCLUSION Multiple analyses demonstrate that the hub genes harbored in the QTLs orchestrate the fiber development. The hub gene GhCesA4 has opposite pleiotropic effects in regulating trait formation of fiber quality and yield. The results facilitate understanding the genetic basis of negative correlation between cotton fiber quality and yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruìxián Liú
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiànghuī Xiāo
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China; College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jǔwǔ Gōng
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Jùnwén Lǐ
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Hàoliàng Yán
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Qún Gě
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Quánwěi Lú
- College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Péngtāo Lǐ
- College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jìngtāo Pān
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hǎihóng Shāng
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yùzhēn Shí
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Qúanjiā Chén
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Yǒulù Yuán
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Wànkuí Gǒng
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu W, Zhao Y, Liu Q, Diao Y, Wang Q, Yu J, Jiang E, Zhang Y, Liu B. Identification of ZmBK2 Gene Variation Involved in Regulating Maize Brittleness. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1126. [PMID: 37372306 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize stalk strength is a crucial agronomic trait that affects lodging resistance. We used map-based cloning and allelic tests to identify a maize mutant associated with decreased stalk strength and confirmed that the mutated gene, ZmBK2, is a homolog of Arabidopsis AtCOBL4, which encodes a COBRA-like glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein. The bk2 mutant exhibited lower cellulose content and whole-plant brittleness. Microscopic observations showed that sclerenchymatous cells were reduced in number and had thinner cell walls, suggesting that ZmBK2 affects the development of cell walls. Transcriptome sequencing of differentially expressed genes in the leaves and stalks revealed substantial changes in the genes associated with cell wall development. We constructed a cell wall regulatory network using these differentially expressed genes, which revealed that abnormal cellulose synthesis may be a reason for brittleness. These results reinforce our understanding of cell wall development and provide a foundation for studying the mechanisms underlying maize lodging resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Qingzhi Liu
- Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Yuqiang Diao
- Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Qingkang Wang
- Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Jiamin Yu
- Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Enjun Jiang
- Taian Denghai Wuyue Taishan Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Yongzhong Zhang
- Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Baoshen Liu
- Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu FF, Wan YX, Cao WX, Zhang QQ, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang PZ, Si HQ. Novel function of a putative TaCOBL ortholog associated with cold response. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4375-4384. [PMID: 36944863 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The plant COBRA protein family plays an important role in secondary cell wall biosynthesis and the orientation of cell expansion. The COBRA gene family has been well studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, maize, rice, etc., but no systematic studies were conducted in wheat. In this study, the full-length sequence of TaCOBLs was obtained by homology cloning from wheat, and a conserved motif analysis confirmed that TaCOBLs belonged to the COBRA protein family. qRT-PCR results showed that the TaCOBL transcripts were induced by abiotic stresses, including cold, drought, salinity, and abscisic acid (ABA). Two haplotypes of TaCOBL-5B (Hap5B-a and Hap5B-b), harboring one indel (----/TATA) in the 5' flanking region (- 550 bp), were found on chromosome 5BS. A co-dominant marker, Ta5BF/Ta5BR, was developed based on the polymorphism of the two TaCOBL-5B haplotypes. Significant correlations between the two TaCOBL-5B haplotypes and cold resistance were observed under four environmental conditions. Hap5B-a, a favored haplotype acquired during wheat polyploidization, may positively contribute to enhanced cold resistance in wheat. Based on the promoter activity analysis, the Hap5B-a promoter containing a TATA-box was more active than that of Hap5B-b without the TATA-box under low temperature. Our study provides valuable information indicating that the TaCOBL genes are associated with cold response in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Ying-Xiu Wan
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wen-Xin Cao
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Qi-Qi Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yao Li
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yan Li
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Ping-Zhi Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Hong-Qi Si
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guo B, Huang X, Qi J, Sun H, Lv C, Wang F, Zhu J, Xu R. Brittle culm 3, encoding a cellulose synthase subunit 5, is required for cell wall biosynthesis in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:989406. [PMID: 36507388 PMCID: PMC9726912 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.989406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall plays an important role in plant mechanical strength. Cellulose is the major component of plant cell walls and provides the most abundant renewable biomass resource for biofuels on earth. Mutational analysis showed that cellulose synthase (CESA) genes are critical in cell wall biosynthesis in cereal crops like rice. However, their role has not been fully elucidated in barley. In this study, we isolated a brittle culm mutant brittle culm 3 (bc3) derived from Yangnongpi 5 ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis in barley. The bc3 mutants exhibited reduced mechanical strength of the culms due to impaired thickening of the sclerenchyma cell wall and reduced cellulose and hemicellulose content in the culms. Genetic analysis and map-based cloning revealed that the bc3 mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene and harbored a point mutation in the HvCESA5 gene, generating a premature stop codon near the N-terminal of the protein. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the HvCESA5 gene is predominantly expressed in the culms and co-expressed with HvCESA4 and HvCESA8, consistent with the brittle culm phenotype of the bc3 mutant. These results indicate that the truncated HvCESA5 affects cell wall biosynthesis leading to a brittle culm phenotype. Our findings provide evidence for the important role of HvCESA5 in cell wall biosynthesis pathway and could be a potential target to modify cell wall in barley.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rugen Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Panahabadi R, Ahmadikhah A, McKee LS, Ingvarsson PK, Farrokhi N. Genome-wide association study for lignocellulosic compounds and fermentable sugar in rice straw. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20174. [PMID: 34806838 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose and lignin are the two main components of secondary plant cell walls with substantial impact on stalk in the field and on straw during industrial processing. The amount of fermentable sugar that can be accessed is another important parameter affecting various industrial applications. In the present study, genetic variability of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes for cellulose, lignin, and fermentable sugars contents was analyzed in rice straw. A genome-wide association study of 33,484 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a minor allele frequency (MAF) >0.05 was performed. The genome-wide association study identified seven, three, and three genomic regions to be significantly associated with cellulose, lignin, and fermentable sugar contents, respectively. Candidate genes in the associated genomic regions were enzymes mainly involved in cell wall metabolism. Novel SNP markers associated with cellulose were tagged to GH16, peroxidase, GT6, GT8, and CSLD2. For lignin content, Villin protein, OsWAK1/50/52/53, and GH16 were identified. For fermentable sugar content, UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1, and receptor-like protein kinase 5 were found. The results of this study should improve our understanding of the genetic basis of the factors that might be involved in biosynthesis, turnover, and modification of major cell wall components and saccharides in rice straw.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahele Panahabadi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti Univ., Tehran, Iran
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | | | - Lauren S McKee
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, Teknikringen 56-58, Stockholm, 100 44, Sweden
| | - Pär K Ingvarsson
- Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Dep. of Plant Biology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Naser Farrokhi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti Univ., Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Z, Wang X, Yang K, Zhu C, Yuan T, Wang J, Li Y, Gao Z. Identification and expression analysis of the glycosyltransferase GT43 family members in bamboo reveal their potential function in xylan biosynthesis during rapid growth. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:867. [PMID: 34856932 PMCID: PMC8638195 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xylan is one of the most abundant hemicelluloses and can crosslink cellulose and lignin to increase the stability of cell walls. A number of genes encoding glycosyltransferases play vital roles in xylan biosynthesis in plants, such as those of the GT43 family. However, little is known about glycosyltransferases in bamboo, especially woody bamboo which is a good substitute for timber. Results A total of 17 GT43 genes (PeGT43–1 ~ PeGT43–17) were identified in the genome of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), which belong to three subfamilies with specific motifs. The phylogenetic and collinearity analyses showed that PeGT43s may have undergone gene duplication, as a result of collinearity found in 12 pairs of PeGT43s, and between 17 PeGT43s and 10 OsGT43s. A set of cis-acting elements such as hormones, abiotic stress response and MYB binding elements were found in the promoter of PeGT43s. PeGT43s were expressed differently in 26 tissues, among which the highest expression level was found in the shoots, especially in the rapid elongation zone and nodes. The genes coexpressed with PeGT43s were annotated as associated with polysaccharide metabolism and cell wall biosynthesis. qRT–PCR results showed that the coexpressed genes had similar expression patterns with a significant increase in 4.0 m shoots and a peak in 6.0 m shoots during fast growth. In addition, the xylan content and structural polysaccharide staining intensity in bamboo shoots showed a strong positive correlation with the expression of PeGT43s. Yeast one-hybrid assays demonstrated that PeMYB35 could recognize the 5′ UTR/promoter of PeGT43–5 by binding to the SMRE cis-elements. Conclusions PeGT43s were found to be adapted to the requirement of xylan biosynthesis during rapid cell elongation and cell wall accumulation, as evidenced by the expression profile of PeGT43s and the rate of xylan accumulation in bamboo shoots. Yeast one-hybrid analysis suggested that PeMYB35 might be involved in xylan biosynthesis by regulating the expression of PeGT43–5 by binding to its 5′ UTR/promoter. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of PeGT43s in moso bamboo and lays a foundation for further functional analysis of PeGT43s for xylan biosynthesis during rapid growth. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08192-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Kebin Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Chenglei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Tingting Yuan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Jiongliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Zhimin Gao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Plasma membrane N-glycoproteome analysis of wheat seedling leaves under drought stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1541-1550. [PMID: 34740685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is one of the ubiquitous post-translational modifications in eukaryotic cells, which play important roles in plant growth and adverse response. In this study, we performed the first comprehensive wheat plasma membrane N-glycoproteome analysis under drought stress via glycopeptide HILIC enrichment and LC-MS/MS identification. In total, 414 glycosylated sites corresponding to 407 glycopeptides and 312 unique glycoproteins were identified, of which 173 plasma membrane glycoproteins with 215 N-glycosylation sites were significantly regulated by drought stress. Functional enrichment analysis reveals that the significantly regulated N-glycosylation proteins were particularly related to protein kinase activity involved in the reception and transduction of extracellular signal and plant cell wall remolding. The motifs and sequence structures analysis showed that the significantly regulated N-glycosylation sites were concentrated within [NxT] motif, and 79.5% of them were located on the random coil that is always on the protein surface and flexible regions, which could facilitate protein glycosylated modification and enhance protein structural stability via reducing protein flexibility. PNGase F enzyme digestion and glycosylation site mutation further indicated that N-glycosylated modification could increase protein stability. Therefore, N-glycosylated modification is involved in plant adaptation to drought stress by improving the stability of cell wall remodeling related plasma membrane proteins.
Collapse
|
13
|
Genome-Wide Analysis of the COBRA-Like Gene Family Supports Gene Expansion through Whole-Genome Duplication in Soybean ( Glycine max). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010167. [PMID: 33467151 PMCID: PMC7830662 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The COBRA-like (COBL) gene family has been associated with the regulation of cell wall expansion and cellulose deposition. COBL mutants result in reduced levels and disorganized deposition of cellulose causing defects in the cell wall and inhibiting plant development. In this study, we report the identification of 24 COBL genes (GmCOBL) in the soybean genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the COBL proteins are divided into two groups, which differ by about 170 amino acids in the N-terminal region. The GmCOBL genes were heterogeneously distributed in 14 of the 20 soybean chromosomes. This study showed that segmental duplication has contributed significantly to the expansion of the COBL family in soybean during all Glycine-specific whole-genome duplication events. The expression profile revealed that the expression of the paralogous genes is highly variable between organs and tissues of the plant. Only 20% of the paralogous gene pairs showed similar expression patterns. The high expression levels of some GmCOBLs suggest they are likely essential for regulating cell expansion during the whole soybean life cycle. Our comprehensive overview of the COBL gene family in soybean provides useful information for further understanding the evolution and diversification of COBL genes in soybean.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang X, Shi Z, Zhang R, Sun X, Wang J, Wang S, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Su A, Li C, Wang R, Zhang Y, Wang S, Wang Y, Song W, Zhao J. Stalk architecture, cell wall composition, and QTL underlying high stalk flexibility for improved lodging resistance in maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:515. [PMID: 33176702 PMCID: PMC7659129 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stalk fracture caused by strong wind can severely reduce yields in maize. Stalks with higher stiffness and flexibility will exhibit stronger lodging resistance. However, stalk flexibility is rarely studied in maize. Stalk fracture of the internode above the ear before tasseling will result in the lack of tassel and pollen, which is devastating for pollination in seed production. In this study, we focused on stalk lodging before tasseling in two maize inbred lines, JING724 and its improved line JING724A1 and their F2:3 population. RESULTS JING724A1 showed a larger stalk fracture angle than JING724, indicating higher flexibility. In addition, compared to JING724, JING724A1 also had longer and thicker stalks, with a conical, frustum-shaped internode above the ear. Microscopy and X-ray microcomputed tomography of the internal stalk architecture revealed that JING724A1 had more vascular bundles and thicker sclerenchyma tissue. Furthermore, total soluble sugar content of JING724A1, especially the glucose component, was substantially higher than in JING724. Using an F2:3 population derived from a JING724 and JING724A1 cross, we performed bulk segregant analysis for stalk fracture angle and detected one QTL located on Chr3: 14.00-19.28 Mb. Through transcriptome data analysis and ∆ (SNP-index), we identified two candidate genes significantly associated with high stalk fracture angle, which encode a RING/U-box superfamily protein (Zm00001d039769) and a MADS-box transcription factor 54 (Zm00001d039913), respectively. Two KASP markers designed from these two candidate genes also showed significant correlations with stalk fracture angle. CONCLUSIONS The internode shape and glucose content are possibly correlated with stalk flexibility in maize. Two genes in the detected QTL are potentially associated with stalk fracture angle. These novel phenotypes and associated loci will provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the genetic mechanisms of lodging, and facilitate the selection of maize varieties with improved flexibility and robust lodging resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Shuguang Garden Middle Road No. 9, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Zi Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Shuguang Garden Middle Road No. 9, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Shuguang Garden Middle Road No. 9, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Shuguang Garden Middle Road No. 9, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jidong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Shuguang Garden Middle Road No. 9, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Shuguang Garden Middle Road No. 9, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Shuguang Garden Middle Road No. 11, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yanxin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Shuguang Garden Middle Road No. 9, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Aiguo Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Shuguang Garden Middle Road No. 9, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Shuguang Garden Middle Road No. 9, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Ronghuan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Shuguang Garden Middle Road No. 9, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Shuguang Garden Middle Road No. 9, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Shuguang Garden Middle Road No. 9, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yuandong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Shuguang Garden Middle Road No. 9, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Shuguang Garden Middle Road No. 9, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Shuguang Garden Middle Road No. 9, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sato-Izawa K, Nakamura SI, Matsumoto T. Mutation of rice bc1 gene affects internode elongation and induces delayed cell wall deposition in developing internodes. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1749786. [PMID: 32299283 PMCID: PMC7238885 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1749786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A rice COBRA-like gene, BRITTLE CULM1 (BC1) has been shown to be involved in assembling cell wall components and cellulose crystallinity, which determines mechanical strength in above ground organs. However, the detailed roles of BC1 in rice development are poorly understood. In this study, we found that, unlike the known brittle culm mutants, the internode length of the bc1 mutant was ~1.27 times longer than that of wild type in rice. In order to analyze the effects of bc1 mutation on internode development, we compared the deposition of cell wall components among each developmental stage of the elongating second internodes from wild type, Kinmaze, and the bc1 mutant. In wild type, histochemical observations of lignin revealed that lignin deposition was gradually increased after the cell elongation stage of the internodes. Cellulose and p-coumaric acid (pCA) content also gradually increased along with the progress of the developmental stage. The ferulic acid (FA) content rapidly increased in the cell elongation stage and decreased at the late secondary cell wall formation stage. In the bc1 mutant, the contents of cell wall components were lower than those of wild type from the cell elongation stage, in which the BC1 started to express at this stage in wild type. In the bc1 mutant, the deposition patterns of cell wall components, especially phenolic components including lignin, pCA, and FA, were delayed compared with those of wild type. These results suggest that the BC1 gene plays a role in synthesizing appropriate cell walls at each stage in the developing internode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanna Sato-Izawa
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang K, Cui H, Li M, Xu Y, Cao S, Long R, Kang J, Wang K, Hu Q, Sun Y. Comparative time-course transcriptome analysis in contrasting Carex rigescens genotypes in response to high environmental salinity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110435. [PMID: 32169728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is one of most crucial environmental problems around the world and negatively affects plant growth and production. Carex rigescens is a turfgrass with favorable stress tolerance and great application prospect in salinity soil remediation and utilization; however, the molecular mechanisms behind its salt stress response are unknown. We performed a time-course transcriptome analysis between salt tolerant 'Huanghua' (HH) and salt sensitive 'Beijing' (BJ) genotypes. Physiological changes within 24 h were observed, with the HH genotype exhibiting increased salt tolerance compared to BJ. 5764 and 10752 differentially expressed genes were approved by transcriptome in BJ and HH genotype, respectively, and dynamic analysis showed a discrepant profile between two genotypes. In the BJ genotype, genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and stress response were more active and ABA signal transduction pathway might play a more important role in salt stress tolerance than in HH genotype. In the HH genotype, unique increases in the regulatory network of transcription factors, hormone signal transduction, and oxidation-reduction processes were observed. Moreover, trehalose and pectin biosynthesis and chitin catabolic related genes were specifically involved in the HH genotype, which may have contributed to salt tolerance. Moreover, some candidate genes like mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase and EG45-like domain-containing protein are highlighted for future research about salt stress resistance in C. rigescens and other plant species. Our study revealed unique salt adaptation and resistance characteristics of two C. rigescens genotypes and these findings could help to enrich the currently available knowledge and clarify the detailed salt stress regulatory mechanisms in C. rigescens and other plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Huiting Cui
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Mingna Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China; Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Yi Xu
- Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University, Dallas, 75252, USA.
| | - Shihao Cao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Ruicai Long
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Junmei Kang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Kehua Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Qiannan Hu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Temperature-Dependent Retention of Introns in GPI8 Transcripts Contributes to a Drooping and Fragile Shoot Phenotype in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010299. [PMID: 31906256 PMCID: PMC6982220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Attachment of glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) to the C-termini of proteins is one of the most common posttranslational modifications in eukaryotic cells. GPI8/PIG-K is the catalytic subunit of the GPI transamidase complex catalyzing the transfer en bloc GPI to proteins. In this study, a T-DNA insertional mutant of rice with temperature-dependent drooping and fragile (df) shoots phenotype was isolated. The insertion site of the T-DNA fragment was 879 bp downstream of the stop codon of the OsGPI8 gene, which caused introns retention in the gene transcripts, especially at higher temperatures. A complementation test confirmed that this change in the OsGPI8 transcripts was responsible for the mutant phenotype. Compared to control plants, internodes of the df mutant showed a thinner shell with a reduced cell number in the transverse direction, and an inhomogeneous secondary wall layer in bundle sheath cells, while many sclerenchyma cells at the tops of the main veins of df leaves were shrunken and their walls were thinner. The df plants also displayed a major reduction in cellulose and lignin content in both culms and leaves. Our data indicate that GPI anchor proteins play important roles in biosynthesis and accumulation of cell wall material, cell shape, and cell division in rice.
Collapse
|
18
|
Sandhu N, Subedi SR, Singh VK, Sinha P, Kumar S, Singh SP, Ghimire SK, Pandey M, Yadaw RB, Varshney RK, Kumar A. Deciphering the genetic basis of root morphology, nutrient uptake, yield, and yield-related traits in rice under dry direct-seeded cultivation systems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9334. [PMID: 31249338 PMCID: PMC6597570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the face of global water scarcity, a successful transition of rice cultivation from puddled to dry direct-seeded rice (DDSR) is a future need. A genome-wide association study was performed on a complex mapping population for 39 traits: 9 seedling-establishment traits, 14 root and nutrient-uptake traits, 5 plant morphological traits, 4 lodging resistance traits, and 7 yield and yield-contributing traits. A total of 10 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) were found along with 25 QTLs associated with 25 traits. The percent phenotypic variance explained by SNPs ranged from 8% to 84%. Grain yield was found to be significantly and positively correlated with seedling-establishment traits, root morphological traits, nutrient uptake-related traits, and grain yield-contributing traits. The genomic colocation of different root morphological traits, nutrient uptake-related traits, and grain-yield-contributing traits further supports the role of root morphological traits in improving nutrient uptake and grain yield under DDSR. The QTLs/candidate genes underlying the significant MTAs were identified. The identified promising progenies carrying these QTLs may serve as potential donors to be exploited in genomics-assisted breeding programs for improving grain yield and adaptability under DDSR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Sandhu
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines.,Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sushil Raj Subedi
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines.,Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.,National Rice Research Program, Hardinath, Nepal
| | - Vikas Kumar Singh
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pallavi Sinha
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and System Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - S P Singh
- Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | | | - Madhav Pandey
- Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | | | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and System Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li P, Liu Y, Tan W, Chen J, Zhu M, Lv Y, Liu Y, Yu S, Zhang W, Cai H. Brittle Culm 1 Encodes a COBRA-Like Protein Involved in Secondary Cell Wall Cellulose Biosynthesis in Sorghum. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:788-801. [PMID: 30590744 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant mechanical strength contributes to lodging resistance and grain yield, making it an agronomically important trait in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). In this study, we isolated the brittle culm 1 (bc1) mutant and identified SbBC1 through map-based cloning. SbBC1, a homolog of rice OsBC1 and Arabidopsis thaliana AtCOBL4, encodes a COBRA-like protein that exhibits typical structural features of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein. A single-nucleotide mutation in SbBC1 led to reduced mechanical strength, decreased cellulose content, and increased lignin content without obviously altering plant morphology. Transmission electron microscopy revealed reduced cell wall thickness in sclerenchyma cells of the bc1 mutant. SbBC1 is primarily expressed in developing sclerenchyma cells and vascular bundles in sorghum. RNA-seq analysis further suggested a possible mechanism by which SbBC1 mediates cellulose biosynthesis and cell wall remodeling. Our results demonstrate that SbBC1 participates in the biosynthesis of cellulose in the secondary cell wall and affects the mechanical strength of sorghum plants, providing additional genetic evidence for the roles of COBRA-like genes in cellulose biosynthesis in grasses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Department of Plant Genetics Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE, Beijing, China
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science (BAAFS), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yanrong Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqing Tan
- Department of Plant Genetics Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Plant Genetics Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhu
- Department of Plant Genetics Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Lv
- Department of Plant Genetics Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE, Beijing, China
| | - Yishan Liu
- Department of Plant Genetics Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE, Beijing, China
| | - Shuancang Yu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center (BVRC), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science (BAAFS), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Plant Genetics Breeding and Seed Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement; Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, MOE, Beijing, China
- Forage Crop Research Institute, Japan Grassland Agricultural and Forage Seed Association, 388-5 Higashiakada, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bahari MNA, Sakeh NM, Abdullah SNA, Ramli RR, Kadkhodaei S. Transciptome profiling at early infection of Elaeis guineensis by Ganoderma boninense provides novel insights on fungal transition from biotrophic to necrotrophic phase. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:377. [PMID: 30594134 PMCID: PMC6310985 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal stem rot (BSR) caused by hemibiotroph Ganoderma boninense is a devastating disease resulting in a major loss to the oil palm industry. Since there is no physical symptom in oil palm at the early stage of G. boninense infection, characterisation of molecular defense responses in oil palm during early interaction with the fungus is of the utmost importance. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) seedlings were artificially infected with G. boninense inoculums and root samples were obtained following a time-course of 0, 3, 7, and 11 days-post-inoculation (d.p.i) for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). RESULTS The host counter-attack was evidenced based on fungal hyphae and Ganoderma DNA observed at 3 d.p.i which became significantly reduced at 7 and 11 d.p.i. DEGs revealed upregulation of multifaceted defense related genes such as PR-protein (EgPR-1), protease inhibitor (EgBGIA), PRR protein (EgLYK3) chitinase (EgCht) and expansin (EgEXPB18) at 3 d.p.i and 7 d.p.i which dropped at 11 d.p.i. Later stage involved highly expressed transcription factors EgERF113 and EgMYC2 as potential regulators of necrotrophic defense at 11 d.p.i. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) elicitor: peroxidase (EgPER) and NADPH oxidase (EgRBOH) were upregulated and maintained throughout the treatment period. Growth and nutrient distribution were probably compromised through suppression of auxin signalling and iron uptake genes. CONCLUSIONS Based on the analysis of oil palm gene expression, it was deduced that the biotrophic phase of Ganoderma had possibly occurred at the early phase (3 until 7 d.p.i) before being challenged by the fungus via switching its lifestyle into the necrotrophic phase at later stage (11 d.p.i) and finally succumbed the host. Together, the findings suggest the dynamic defense process in oil palm and potential candidates that can serve as phase-specific biomarkers at the early stages of oil palm-G. boninense interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nurshafika Mohd Sakeh
- Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah
- Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Redzyque Ramza Ramli
- Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Saied Kadkhodaei
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111 Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ben-Tov D, Idan-Molakandov A, Hugger A, Ben-Shlush I, Günl M, Yang B, Usadel B, Harpaz-Saad S. The role of COBRA-LIKE 2 function, as part of the complex network of interacting pathways regulating Arabidopsis seed mucilage polysaccharide matrix organization. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:497-512. [PMID: 29446495 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The production of hydrophilic mucilage along the course of seed coat epidermal cell differentiation is a common adaptation in angiosperms. Previous studies have identified COBRA-LIKE 2 (COBL2), a member of the COBRA-LIKE gene family, as a novel component required for crystalline cellulose deposition in seed coat epidermal cells. In recent years, Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells (SCEs), also called mucilage secretory cells, have emerged as a powerful model system for the study of plant cell wall components biosynthesis, secretion, assembly and de muro modification. Despite accumulating data, the molecular mechanism of COBL function remains largely unknown. In the current research, we utilized genetic interactions to study the role of COBL2 as part of the protein network required for seed mucilage production. Using correlative phenotyping of structural and biochemical characteristics, unique features of the cobl2 extruded mucilage are revealed, including: 'unraveled' ray morphology, loss of primary cell wall 'pyramidal' organization, reduced Ruthenium red staining intensity of the adherent mucilage layer, and increased levels of the monosaccharides arabinose and galactose. Examination of the cobl2cesa5 double mutant provides insight into the interface between COBL function and cellulose deposition. Additionally, genetic interactions between cobl2 and fei1fei2 as well as between each of these mutants to mucilage-modified 2 (mum2) suggest that COBL2 functions independently of the FEI-SOS pathway. Altogether, the presented data place COBL2 within the complex protein network required for cell wall deposition in the context of seed mucilage and introduce new methodology expending the seed mucilage phenotyping toolbox.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ben-Tov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Anat Idan-Molakandov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Anat Hugger
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ilan Ben-Shlush
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Markus Günl
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Smadar Harpaz-Saad
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ajengui A, Bertolini E, Ligorio A, Chebil S, Ippolito A, Sanzani SM. Comparative transcriptome analysis of two citrus germplasms with contrasting susceptibility to Phytophthora nicotianae provides new insights into tolerance mechanisms. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:483-499. [PMID: 29290008 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Host perception of Phytophthora nicotianae switching to necrotrophy is fundamental for disease tolerance of citrus. It involves an HR-like response, strengthening of the cell wall structure and hormonal signaling. Stem rot caused by P. nicotianae is a worldwide disease of several important crops, including citrus. Given the growing awareness of chemical fungicides drawbacks, genetic improvement of citrus rootstocks remains the best alternative. However, the molecular basis underlying the successful response of resistant and/or tolerant genotypes remains poorly understood. Therefore, we performed a transcriptomic analysis to examine the differential defense response to P. nicotianae of two germplasms-tolerant sour orange (SO, Citrus aurantium) and susceptible Madam Vinous (MV, C. sinensis)-in both the biotrophic and necrotrophic phases of host-pathogen interaction. Our results revealed the necrotrophic phase as a decisive turning point, since it included stronger modulation of a number of genes implicated in pathogen perception, signal transduction, HR-like response, transcriptional reprogramming, hormone signaling, and cell wall modifications. In particular, the pathogen perception category reflected the ability of SO to perceive the pathogen even after its switch to necrotrophy, and thus to cope successfully with the infection, while MV failed. The concomitant changes in genes involved in the remaining functional categories seemed to prevent pathogen spread. This investigation provided further understanding of the successful defense mechanisms of C. aurantium against P. nicotianae, which might be exploited in post-genomic strategies to develop resistant Citrus genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Ajengui
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, LR03ES03 Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Edoardo Bertolini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Ligorio
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Samir Chebil
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Antonio Ippolito
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Marianna Sanzani
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Guo Y, Qiu C, Long S, Chen P, Hao D, Preisner M, Wang H, Wang Y. Digital gene expression profiling of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) stem peel identifies genes enriched in fiber-bearing phloem tissue. Gene 2017; 626:32-40. [PMID: 28479385 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the molecular mechanisms and gene expression characteristics associated with development of bast fiber cell within flax stem phloem, the gene expression profiling of flax stem peels and leaves were screened, using Illumina's Digital Gene Expression (DGE) analysis. Four DGE libraries (2 for stem peel and 2 for leaf), ranging from 6.7 to 9.2 million clean reads were obtained, which produced 7.0 million and 6.8 million mapped reads for flax stem peel and leave, respectively. By differential gene expression analysis, a total of 975 genes, of which 708 (73%) genes have protein-coding annotation, were identified as phloem enriched genes putatively involved in the processes of polysaccharide and cell wall metabolism. Differential expression genes (DEGs) was validated using quantitative RT-PCR, the expression pattern of all nine genes determined by qRT-PCR fitted in well with that obtained by sequencing analysis. Cluster and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that a large number of genes related to metabolic process, catalytic activity and binding category were expressed predominantly in the stem peels. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of the phloem enriched genes suggested approximately 111 biological pathways. The large number of genes and pathways produced from DGE sequencing will expand our understanding of the complex molecular and cellular events in flax bast fiber development and provide a foundation for future studies on fiber development in other bast fiber crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Guo
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Caisheng Qiu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Songhua Long
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Dongmei Hao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Marta Preisner
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław 51-148, Poland
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Yufu Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Grisolia MJ, Peralta DA, Valdez HA, Barchiesi J, Gomez-Casati DF, Busi MV. The targeting of starch binding domains from starch synthase III to the cell wall alters cell wall composition and properties. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 93:121-135. [PMID: 27770231 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Starch binding domains of starch synthase III from Arabidopsis thaliana (SBD123) binds preferentially to cell wall polysaccharides rather than to starch in vitro. Transgenic plants overexpressing SBD123 in the cell wall are larger than wild type. Cell wall components are altered in transgenic plants. Transgenic plants are more susceptible to digestion than wild type and present higher released glucose content. Our results suggest that the transgenic plants have an advantage for the production of bioethanol in terms of saccharification of essential substrates. The plant cell wall, which represents a major source of biomass for biofuel production, is composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignin. A potential biotechnological target for improving the production of biofuels is the modification of plant cell walls. This modification is achieved via several strategies, including, among others, altering biosynthetic pathways and modifying the associations and structures of various cell wall components. In this study, we modified the cell wall of A. thaliana by targeting the starch-binding domains of A. thaliana starch synthase III to this structure. The resulting transgenic plants (E8-SDB123) showed an increased biomass, higher levels of both fermentable sugars and hydrolyzed cellulose and altered cell wall properties such as higher laxity and degradability, which are valuable characteristics for the second-generation biofuels industry. The increased biomass and degradability phenotype of E8-SBD123 plants could be explained by the putative cell-wall loosening effect of the in tandem starch binding domains. Based on these results, our approach represents a promising biotechnological tool for reducing of biomass recalcitrance and therefore, the need for pretreatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio J Grisolia
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CEFOBI - CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diego A Peralta
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CEFOBI - CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Hugo A Valdez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martin, Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), 50 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Barchiesi
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CEFOBI - CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diego F Gomez-Casati
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CEFOBI - CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martin, Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Busi
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CEFOBI - CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martin, Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang M, Wei F, Guo K, Hu Z, Li Y, Xie G, Wang Y, Cai X, Peng L, Wang L. A Novel FC116/ BC10 Mutation Distinctively Causes Alteration in the Expression of the Genes for Cell Wall Polymer Synthesis in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1366. [PMID: 27708650 PMCID: PMC5030303 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report isolation and characterization of a fragile culm mutant fc116 that displays reduced mechanical strength caused by decreased cellulose content and altered cell wall structure in rice. Map-based cloning revealed that fc116 was a base substitution mutant (G to A) in a putative beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (C2GnT) gene (LOC_Os05g07790, allelic to BC10). This mutation resulted in one amino acid missing within a newly-identified protein motif "R, RXG, RA." The FC116/BC10 gene was lowly but ubiquitously expressed in the all tissues examined across the whole life cycle of rice, and slightly down-regulated during secondary growth. This mutant also exhibited a significant increase in the content of hemicelluloses and lignins, as well as the content of pentoses (xylose and arabinose). But the content of hexoses (glucose, mannose, and galactose) was decreased in both cellulosic and non-cellulosic (pectins and hemicelluloses) fractions of the mutant. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that the typical genes in the fc116 mutant were up-regulated corresponding to xylan biosynthesis, as well as lignin biosynthesis including p-hydroxyphenyl (H), syringyl (S), and guaiacyl (G). Our results indicate that FC116 has universal function in regulation of the cell wall polymers in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yuyang Li
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Guosheng Xie
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Yanting Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Xiwen Cai
- Department of Plant Science, North Dakota State UniversityFargo, ND, USA
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ben-Tov D, Abraham Y, Stav S, Thompson K, Loraine A, Elbaum R, de Souza A, Pauly M, Kieber JJ, Harpaz-Saad S. COBRA-LIKE2, a member of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored COBRA-LIKE family, plays a role in cellulose deposition in arabidopsis seed coat mucilage secretory cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:711-24. [PMID: 25583925 PMCID: PMC4347734 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.240671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of the maternally derived seed coat epidermal cells into mucilage secretory cells is a common adaptation in angiosperms. Recent studies identified cellulose as an important component of seed mucilage in various species. Cellulose is deposited as a set of rays that radiate from the seed upon mucilage extrusion, serving to anchor the pectic component of seed mucilage to the seed surface. Using transcriptome data encompassing the course of seed development, we identified COBRA-LIKE2 (COBL2), a member of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored COBRA-LIKE gene family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), as coexpressed with other genes involved in cellulose deposition in mucilage secretory cells. Disruption of the COBL2 gene results in substantial reduction in the rays of cellulose present in seed mucilage, along with an increased solubility of the pectic component of the mucilage. Light birefringence demonstrates a substantial decrease in crystalline cellulose deposition into the cellulosic rays of the cobl2 mutants. Moreover, crystalline cellulose deposition into the radial cell walls and the columella appears substantially compromised, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and in situ quantification of light birefringence. Overall, the cobl2 mutants display about 40% reduction in whole-seed crystalline cellulose content compared with the wild type. These data establish that COBL2 plays a role in the deposition of crystalline cellulose into various secondary cell wall structures during seed coat epidermal cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ben-Tov
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Yael Abraham
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Shira Stav
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Kevin Thompson
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Ann Loraine
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Rivka Elbaum
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Amancio de Souza
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Markus Pauly
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Joseph J Kieber
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| | - Smadar Harpaz-Saad
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel (D.B.-T., Y.A., R.E., S.H.-S.);Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081 (S.S., K.T., A.L.);Energy Biosciences Institute (A.d.S., M.P.) and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (M.P.), University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; andBiology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (J.J.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhong R, Ye ZH. Secondary Cell Walls: Biosynthesis, Patterned Deposition and Transcriptional Regulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 56:195-214. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
28
|
Wang C, Lv Y, Xu W, Zhang T, Guo W. Aberrant phenotype and transcriptome expression during fiber cell wall thickening caused by the mutation of the Im gene in immature fiber (im) mutant in Gossypium hirsutum L. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:94. [PMID: 24483163 PMCID: PMC3925256 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immature fiber (im) mutant of Gossypium hirsutum L. is a special cotton fiber mutant with non-fluffy fibers. It has low dry weight and fineness of fibers due to developmental defects in fiber secondary cell wall (SCW). RESULTS We compared the cellulose content in fibers, thickness of fiber cell wall and fiber transcriptional profiling during SCW development in im mutant and its near-isogenic wild-type line (NIL) TM-1. The im mutant had lower cellulose content and thinner cell walls than TM-1 at same fiber developmental stage. During 25 ~ 35 day post-anthesis (DPA), sucrose content, an important carbon source for cellulose synthesis, was also significantly lower in im mutant than in TM-1. Comparative analysis of fiber transcriptional profiling from 13 ~ 25 DPA indicated that the largest transcriptional variations between the two lines occurred at the onset of SCW development. TM-1 began SCW biosynthesis approximately at 16 DPA, whereas the same fiber developmental program in im mutant was delayed until 19 DPA, suggesting an asynchronous fiber developmental program between TM-1 and im mutant. Functional classification and enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two NILs indicated that genes associated with biological processes related to cellulose synthesis, secondary cell wall biogenesis, cell wall thickening and sucrose metabolism, respectively, were significantly up-regulated in TM-1. Twelve genes related to carbohydrate metabolism were validated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and confirmed a temporal difference at the earlier transition and SCW biosynthesis stages of fiber development between TM-1 and im mutant. CONCLUSIONS We propose that Im is an important regulatory gene influencing temporal differences in expression of genes related to fiber SCW biosynthesis. This study lays a foundation for cloning the Im gene, elucidating molecular mechanism of fiber SCW development and further genetic manipulation for the improvement of fiber fineness and maturity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R & D Engineering Research Center, MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuanda Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R & D Engineering Research Center, MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wentin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R & D Engineering Research Center, MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R & D Engineering Research Center, MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wangzhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R & D Engineering Research Center, MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gao Y, Bian L, Shi J, Xu J, Xi M, Wang G. Expression of a conifer COBRA-like gene ClCOBL1 from Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) alters the leaf architecture in tobacco. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 70:483-91. [PMID: 23851362 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall plays crucial roles in establishing the morphology of the plant cell, defence response to biotic and abiotic stresses, and mechanical properties of organs. The COBRA gene encodes a putative glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein that possesses the ability to modulate cellulose deposition and orient cell expansion in plant cell. We reported here the functional characterization of ClCOBL1, a conifer COBRA-like gene from the differentiating xylem of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook). ClCOBL1 belonged to a woody plant-specific clade of the COBRA protein family with several conserved motifs. Expression pattern demonstrated that ClCOBL1 was constitutively expressed but with high level in cambium region. ClCOBL1 protein was mainly located in the cell wall and plasma membrane. Overexpression of ClCOBL1 in tobacco plants yielded altered leaf adaxial-abaxial patterning and short, swollen corolla tubes. The changed leaf architecture in the ClCOBL1 overexpressors was associated with the differential expression of leaf adaxial-abaxial identity genes. Our results indicated that ClCOBL1 was involved in the determination of leaf dorsoventrality and anisotropic expansion possibly by affecting the expression of adaxial and abaxial identity genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Shanghai Botanical Garden, No. 1111 Longwu Road, Shanghai 200231, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu L, Shang-Guan K, Zhang B, Liu X, Yan M, Zhang L, Shi Y, Zhang M, Qian Q, Li J, Zhou Y. Brittle Culm1, a COBRA-like protein, functions in cellulose assembly through binding cellulose microfibrils. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003704. [PMID: 23990797 PMCID: PMC3749933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose represents the most abundant biopolymer in nature and has great economic importance. Cellulose chains pack laterally into crystalline forms, stacking into a complicated crystallographic structure. However, the mechanism of cellulose crystallization is poorly understood. Here, via functional characterization, we report that Brittle Culm1 (BC1), a COBRA-like protein in rice, modifies cellulose crystallinity. BC1 was demonstrated to be a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored protein and can be released into cell walls by removal of the GPI anchor. BC1 possesses a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) at its N-terminus. In vitro binding assays showed that this CBM interacts specifically with crystalline cellulose, and several aromatic residues in this domain are essential for binding. It was further demonstrated that cell wall-localized BC1 via the CBM and GPI anchor is one functional form of BC1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) assays revealed that mutations in BC1 and knockdown of BC1 expression decrease the crystallite width of cellulose; overexpression of BC1 and the CBM-mutated BC1s caused varied crystallinity with results that were consistent with the in vitro binding assay. Moreover, interaction between the CBM and cellulose microfibrils was largely repressed when the cell wall residues were pre-stained with two cellulose dyes. Treating wild-type and bc1 seedlings with the dyes resulted in insensitive root growth responses in bc1 plants. Combined with the evidence that BC1 and three secondary wall cellulose synthases (CESAs) function in different steps of cellulose production as revealed by genetic analysis, we conclude that BC1 modulates cellulose assembly by interacting with cellulose and affecting microfibril crystallinity. Cellulose is an important natural resource with great economic value. Plant cellulose packs laterally into a complicated crystallographic structure, which determines cellulose quality and commercial uses. However, the mechanism of cellulose crystallization is poorly understood. Here we report that Brittle Culm1 (BC1), a COBRA-like (COBL) protein of rice, modifies cellulose crystallinity. Although previous studies have indicated the involvement of COB and COBL proteins in cellulose biosynthesis, the underlying molecular basis for this remains elusive. We demonstrate that BC1 localizes to the cell-wall and functions in a process that is distinct from that of the three secondary wall cellulose synthases (CESAs). A carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) at the N-terminus of BC1 interacts specifically with crystalline cellulose and regulates microfibril crystallite size. We conclude that BC1 modulates cellulose structure by binding to cellulose and affecting microfibril crystallinity. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of cellulose assembly and further our understanding of the roles of COB and COBLs in cell wall biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keke Shang-Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meixian Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Progress in the biological synthesis of the plant cell wall: new ideas for improving biomass for bioenergy. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2012; 23:330-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
32
|
Janz D, Lautner S, Wildhagen H, Behnke K, Schnitzler JP, Rennenberg H, Fromm J, Polle A. Salt stress induces the formation of a novel type of 'pressure wood' in two Populus species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 194:129-141. [PMID: 22126133 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
• Salinity causes osmotic stress and limits biomass production of plants. The goal of this study was to investigate mechanisms underlying hydraulic adaptation to salinity. • Anatomical, ecophysiological and transcriptional responses to salinity were investigated in the xylem of a salt-sensitive (Populus × canescens) and a salt-tolerant species (Populus euphratica). • Moderate salt stress, which suppressed but did not abolish photosynthesis and radial growth in P. × canescens, resulted in hydraulic adaptation by increased vessel frequencies and decreased vessel lumina. Transcript abundances of a suite of genes (FLA, COB-like, BAM, XET, etc.) previously shown to be activated during tension wood formation, were collectively suppressed in developing xylem, whereas those for stress and defense-related genes increased. A subset of cell wall-related genes was also suppressed in salt-exposed P. euphratica, although this species largely excluded sodium and showed no anatomical alterations. Salt exposure influenced cell wall composition involving increases in the lignin : carbohydrate ratio in both species. • In conclusion, hydraulic stress adaptation involves cell wall modifications reciprocal to tension wood formation that result in the formation of a novel type of reaction wood in upright stems named 'pressure wood'. Our data suggest that transcriptional co-regulation of a core set of genes determines reaction wood composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Janz
- Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Büsgen-Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silke Lautner
- Zentrum für Holzwirtschaft, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henning Wildhagen
- Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katja Behnke
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munchen, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munchen, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jörg Fromm
- Zentrum für Holzwirtschaft, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Büsgen-Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hussey SG, Mizrachi E, Spokevicius AV, Bossinger G, Berger DK, Myburg AA. SND2, a NAC transcription factor gene, regulates genes involved in secondary cell wall development in Arabidopsis fibres and increases fibre cell area in Eucalyptus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 11:173. [PMID: 22133261 PMCID: PMC3289092 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-11-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NAC domain transcription factors initiate secondary cell wall biosynthesis in Arabidopsis fibres and vessels by activating numerous transcriptional regulators and biosynthetic genes. NAC family member SND2 is an indirect target of a principal regulator of fibre secondary cell wall formation, SND1. A previous study showed that overexpression of SND2 produced a fibre cell-specific increase in secondary cell wall thickness in Arabidopsis stems, and that the protein was able to transactivate the cellulose synthase8 (CesA8) promoter. However, the full repertoire of genes regulated by SND2 is unknown, and the effect of its overexpression on cell wall chemistry remains unexplored. RESULTS We overexpressed SND2 in Arabidopsis and analyzed homozygous lines with regards to stem chemistry, biomass and fibre secondary cell wall thickness. A line showing upregulation of CesA8 was selected for transcriptome-wide gene expression profiling. We found evidence for upregulation of biosynthetic genes associated with cellulose, xylan, mannan and lignin polymerization in this line, in agreement with significant co-expression of these genes with native SND2 transcripts according to public microarray repositories. Only minor alterations in cell wall chemistry were detected. Transcription factor MYB103, in addition to SND1, was upregulated in SND2-overexpressing plants, and we detected upregulation of genes encoding components of a signal transduction machinery recently proposed to initiate secondary cell wall formation. Several homozygous T4 and hemizygous T1 transgenic lines with pronounced SND2 overexpression levels revealed a negative impact on fibre wall deposition, which may be indirectly attributable to excessive overexpression rather than co-suppression. Conversely, overexpression of SND2 in Eucalyptus stems led to increased fibre cross-sectional cell area. CONCLUSIONS This study supports a function for SND2 in the regulation of cellulose and hemicellulose biosynthetic genes in addition of those involved in lignin polymerization and signalling. SND2 seems to occupy a subordinate but central tier in the secondary cell wall transcriptional network. Our results reveal phenotypic differences in the effect of SND2 overexpression between woody and herbaceous stems and emphasize the importance of expression thresholds in transcription factor studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Hussey
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Eshchar Mizrachi
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Antanas V Spokevicius
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3363, Australia
| | - Gerd Bossinger
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3363, Australia
| | - Dave K Berger
- Department of Plant Science, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Alexander A Myburg
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhong R, Lee C, McCarthy RL, Reeves CK, Jones EG, Ye ZH. Transcriptional activation of secondary wall biosynthesis by rice and maize NAC and MYB transcription factors. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 52:1856-71. [PMID: 21908441 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcr123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The bulk of grass biomass potentially useful for cellulose-based biofuel production is the remains of secondary wall-containing sclerenchymatous fibers. Hence, it is important to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of secondary wall thickening in grass species. So far, little is known about the transcriptional regulatory switches responsible for the activation of the secondary wall biosynthetic program in grass species. Here, we report the roles of a group of rice and maize NAC and MYB transcription factors in the regulation of secondary wall biosynthesis. The rice and maize secondary wall-associated NACs (namely OsSWNs and ZmSWNs) were able to complement the Arabidopsis snd1 nst1 double mutant defective in secondary wall thickening. When overexpressed in Arabidopsis, OsSWNs and ZmSWNs were sufficient to activate a number of secondary wall-associated transcription factors and secondary wall biosynthetic genes, and concomitantly result in the ectopic deposition of cellulose, xylan and lignin. It was also found that the rice and maize MYB transcription factors, OsMYB46 and ZmMYB46, are functional orthologs of Arabidopsis MYB46/MYB83 and, when overexpressed in Arabidopsis, they were able to activate the entire secondary wall biosynthetic program. Furthermore, the promoters of OsMYB46 and ZmMYB46 contain secondary wall NAC-binding elements (SNBEs), which can be bound and activated by OsSWNs and ZmSWNs. Together, our results indicate that the rice and maize SWNs and MYB46 are master transcriptional activators of the secondary wall biosynthetic program and that OsSWNs and ZmSWNs activate their direct target genes through binding to the SNBE sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Zhong
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Plant cell walls are complex structures composed of high-molecular-weight polysaccharides, proteins, and lignins. Among the wall polysaccharides, cellulose, a hydrogen-bonded β-1,4-linked glucan microfibril, is the main load-bearing wall component and a key precursor for industrial applications. Cellulose is synthesized by large multi-meric cellulose synthase (CesA) complexes, tracking along cortical microtubules at the plasma membrane. The only known components of these complexes are the cellulose synthase proteins. Recent studies have identified tentative interaction partners for the CesAs and shown that the migratory patterns of the CesA complexes depend on phosphorylation status. These advances may become good platforms for expanding our knowledge about cellulose synthesis in the near future. In addition, our current understanding of cellulose chain polymerization in the context of the CesA complex is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Endler
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dai X, You C, Chen G, Li X, Zhang Q, Wu C. OsBC1L4 encodes a COBRA-like protein that affects cellulose synthesis in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 75:333-45. [PMID: 21264494 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-011-9730-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant morphogenesis is highly dependent on the regulation of cell division and expansion. The organization of the cellulose microfibrils in the cell wall is a key determinant of cell expansion. Previously, a dwarf mutant with fewer tillers, Osbc1l4 (Oryza sativa brittle culm 1 like 4), was identified by screening a rice T-DNA insertion mutant library. It is reported here that OsBC1L4 encodes a COBRA-like protein that exhibits typical structural features of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor protein. The T-DNA insertion in OsBC1L4 results in abnormal cell expansion. A decrease in cellulose content but the increase in pectin and starch contents was identified in Osbc1l4 mutants by measuring the content of wall components. OsBC1L4 was expressed in all tissues/organs examined, with a low level in leaves. OsBC1L4 protein is mainly located in the cell wall and plasma membrane. Correlation analysis indicated that the expression of OsBC1L4 was highly correlated to that of several primary wall-forming cellulose synthase genes (CESAs). Moreover, the expression level of several cellulose-related genes is increased in Osbc1l4 mutants, which suggests that a feedback mechanism may exist during cellulose synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|