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Iqbal N, Sehar Z, Fatma M, Khan S, Alvi AF, Mir IR, Masood A, Khan NA. Melatonin Reverses High-Temperature-Stress-Inhibited Photosynthesis in the Presence of Excess Sulfur by Modulating Ethylene Sensitivity in Mustard. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3160. [PMID: 37687406 PMCID: PMC10490298 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic, nontoxic, regulatory biomolecule with various functions in abiotic stress tolerance. It reverses the adverse effect of heat stress on photosynthesis in plants and helps with sulfur (S) assimilation. Our research objective aimed to find the influence of melatonin, along with excess sulfur (2 mM SO42-), in reversing heat stress's impacts on the photosynthetic ability of the mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cultivar SS2, a cultivar with low ATP-sulfurylase activity and a low sulfate transport index (STI). Further, we aimed to substantiate that the effect was a result of ethylene modulation. Melatonin in the presence of excess-S (S) increased S-assimilation and the STI by increasing the ATP-sulfurylase (ATP-S) and serine acetyltransferase (SAT) activity of SS2, and it enhanced the content of cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met). Under heat stress, melatonin increased S-assimilation and diverted Cys towards the synthesis of more reduced glutathione (GSH), utilizing excess-S at the expense of less methionine and ethylene and resulting in plants' reduced sensitivity to stress ethylene. The treatment with melatonin plus excess-S increased antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic-S use efficiency (p-SUE), Rubisco activity, photosynthesis, and growth under heat stress. Further, plants receiving melatonin and excess-S in the presence of norbornadiene (NBD; an ethylene action inhibitor) under heat stress showed an inhibited STI and lower photosynthesis and growth. This suggested that ethylene was involved in the melatonin-mediated heat stress reversal effects on photosynthesis in plants. The interaction mechanism between melatonin and ethylene is still elusive. This study provides avenues to explore the melatonin-ethylene-S interaction for heat stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushina Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Zebus Sehar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mehar Fatma
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sheen Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Ameena Fatima Alvi
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Iqbal R. Mir
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Asim Masood
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Kováčik J, Dresler S, Babula P. Long-term impact of cadmium in protonema cultures of Physcomitrella patens. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 193:110333. [PMID: 32088551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidative responses of axenic protonema cultures of the moss Physcomitrella patens exposed to 10 μM Cd over 40 d were studied. Cd treatment suppressed growth by ca. 75% with concomitant browning of some filaments and suppression of chlorophyll autofluorescence but had no impact on tissue water content. Despite this negative growth responses which could be related to enhanced ROS formation (as detected using fluorescence staining reagents for total ROS, hydroperoxides and lipid peroxidation), some metabolites revealed strong elevation by Cd which could contribute to attenuation of long-term Cd stress (elevation of ascorbic, malic and citric acids). Molar ratio of malate to Cd was 12.7 and citrate to Cd 2.5, thus potentially contributing to Cd chelation. Interestingly, GSH/GSSG pool and nitric oxide formation remained unaltered by Cd. Accumulation of Cd reached 82 μg/g DW with bioaccumulation factor of 73. Data indicate that Cd induces elevation of potentially protective metabolites even after prolonged exposure though they do not prevent oxidative stress sufficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Kováčik
- Department of Biology, University of Trnava, Priemyselná 4, 918 43, Trnava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Sławomir Dresler
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Chen FF, Chien CY, Cho CC, Chang YY, Hsu CH. C-terminal Redox Domain of Arabidopsis APR1 is a Non-Canonical Thioredoxin Domain with Glutaredoxin Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100461. [PMID: 31597378 PMCID: PMC6827007 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential nutrient that can be converted into utilizable metabolic forms to produce sulfur-containing metabolites in plant. Adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) reductase (APR) plays a vital role in catalyzing the reduction of activated sulfate to sulfite, which requires glutathione. Previous studies have shown that the C-terminal domain of APR acts as a glutathione-dependent reductase. The crystal structure of the C-terminal redox domain of Arabidopsis APR1 (AtAPR1) shows a conserved α/β thioredoxin fold, but not a glutaredoxin fold. Further biochemical studies of the redox domain from AtAPR1 provided evidence to support the structural observation. Collectively, our results provide structural and biochemical information to explain how the thioredoxin fold exerts the glutaredoxin function in APR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, (F.-F.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.C.)
| | - Chia-Yu Chien
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, (F.-F.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.C.)
| | - Chao-Cheng Cho
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Yung Chang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, (F.-F.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.C.)
| | - Chun-Hua Hsu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, (F.-F.C.); (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-Y.C.)
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-33664468
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Abstract
Abstract
Microalgae are unicellular free living entities and therefore their responses to excess of heavy metals must be faster and more efficient than those in vascular plants protected by various types of tissues. Up to date, numerous studies reported metal bioaccumulation potential of algae but metabolic responses have relatively rarely been monitored. Here I provide basic overview of quantitative changes of ascorbic acid (AA), reduced glutathione (GSH), phytochelatins (PCs) and selected related enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) in some common microalgae exposed to various metals (cadmium mainly). Despite various culture and exposure conditions, some common signs of metal toxicity (including e.g. enhancement of phytochelatin biosynthesis) are clearly identifiable in algae. Other metal chelators such as organic acids are also briefly mentioned. Comparison with macroalgae, mosses and vascular plants is discussed in terms of basal values and evolutionary similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Kováčik
- Department of Biology , University of Trnava , Priemyselná 4, 918 43 Trnava , Slovak Republic
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Kováčik J, Babula P, Hedbavny J. Comparison of vascular and non-vascular aquatic plant as indicators of cadmium toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 180:86-92. [PMID: 28391156 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidative and microscopic responses in non-vascular (moss Taxiphyllum barbieri) and vascular (Ceratophyllum demersum) aquatic plants exposed to short-term (24 h) cadmium (Cd) excess (10 and 100 μM) were compared. Ceratophyllum considerably accumulated Cd but less pronounced symptoms of oxidative stress were detected by confocal microscopy (at the level of general ROS, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical/peroxynitrite and superoxide) that could be related to enhanced activities of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX). Amounts of ascorbic acid and non-protein thiols were higher in Ceratophyllum than in Taxiphyllum and increased with increasing Cd dose, which may help to better regulate circulation of free metal ions in Ceratophyllum mainly. Besides, it was observed that citric acid increased in Ceratophyllum while malic acid in Taxiphyllum in response to Cd which may also contribute to Cd chelation. Our data indicate that Ceratophyllum is a suitable species for Cd bioaccumulation while Taxiphyllum is more sensitive to Cd excess and thus suitable as indicator species. It was also proven that sensitive microscopic techniques allow the visualization of Cd-induced changes in aquatic plants even after short-term exposure when no morphological signs of damage are visible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Kováčik
- Department of Biology, University of Trnava, Priemyselná 4, 918 43 Trnava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Hedbavny
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Nazar R, Khan MIR, Iqbal N, Masood A, Khan NA. Involvement of ethylene in reversal of salt-inhibited photosynthesis by sulfur in mustard. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 152:331-44. [PMID: 24547902 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) assimilation results in the synthesis of cysteine (Cys), a common metabolite for the formation of both reduced glutathione (GSH) and ethylene. Thus, ethylene may have regulatory interaction with GSH in the alleviation of salt stress. The involvement of ethylene in the alleviation of salt stress by S application was studied in mustard (Brassica juncea cv. Pusa Jai Kisan). First, the effects of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM SO4 (2) (-) were studied on photosynthetic and growth parameters to ascertain the S requirement as sufficient-S and excess-S for the plant. In further experiments, the effects of sufficient-S (1 mM SO4 (2) (-) ) and excess-S (2 mM SO4 (2) (-) ) were studied on the alleviation of salt stress-induced by 100 mM NaCl, and ethylene involvement in the alleviation of salt stress by S. Under non-saline condition, excess-S increased ethylene with less content of Cys and GSH and adversely affected photosynthesis and growth. In contrast, excess-S maximally alleviated salt stress due to high demand for S and optimal ethylene formation, which maximally increased GSH and promoted photosynthesis and growth. The involvement of ethylene in S-mediated alleviation of salt stress was further substantiated by the reversal of the effects of excess-S on photosynthesis by aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor. The studies suggest that plants respond differentially to the S availability under non-saline and salt stress and excess-S was more potential in the alleviation of salt stress. Further, ethylene regulates plants' response and excess S-induced alleviation of salt stress and promotion of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Nazar
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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Chen FF, Chang YY, Cho CC, Hsu CH. Crystallization of the C-terminal redox domain of the sulfur-assimilatory enzyme APR1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2014; 70:1211-4. [PMID: 25195893 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x1401574x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Plant-type APS reductase (APR), which catalyzes the reduction of activated sulfate to sulfite in plants, consists of a reductase domain and a C-terminal redox domain showing sequence homology to thioredoxin but possessing the activity of glutaredoxin. In order to understand the structural and biochemical properties of the redox domain of plant-type APS reductase, the C-terminal domain of APR1 (APR1C) from Arabidopsis thaliana was crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. X-ray diffraction data were collected to a resolution of 2.70 Å on the SPXF beamline BL13B1 at the NSRRC, Taiwan. The crystals belonged to space group P43212 or P41212, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 58.2, c = 86.7 Å. With one molecule per asymmetric unit, the crystal volume per unit protein weight (VM) is 2.64 Å(3) Da(-1), which corresponds to a solvent content of approximately 53.49%. Further structure-based functional studies of APR1C would extend knowledge of the molecular mechanism and regulation of APR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yung Chang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Cheng Cho
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Hsu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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