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Huang X, Leng J, Liu C, Huang K. Exogenous melatonin enhances the continuous cropping tolerance of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) by regulating the antioxidant defense system. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14524. [PMID: 39266459 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
The yield of Tartary buckwheat is significantly affected by continuous cropping. Melatonin plays a crucial role in plant defense mechanisms against abiotic stresses. However, the relationship between melatonin and continuous cropping tolerance remains unclear. This study aimed to analyze the physiological mechanism of melatonin in enhancing the continuous cropping tolerance (abiotic stress) of Tartary buckwheat. A field experiment was conducted on Tartary buckwheat cultivar Jinqiao 2 under continuous cropping with five melatonin application rates, 0 (Control), 10, 50, 100, and 200 μmol L-1, applied during the early budding stage. The chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, osmolyte and auxin (IAA) contents, root activity, rhizosphere soil nutrient content, and agronomic traits of Tartary buckwheat initially increased and then decreased with an increase in the concentration of exogenous melatonin application, with the best effects observed at 100 μmol L-1. Compared with the Control treatment, the 100 μmol L-1 treatment decreased the contents of malondialdehyde, superoxide anion free radical, and abscisic acid (ABA) by an average of 28.79%, 27.08%, and 31.64%, respectively. Exogenous melatonin treatment significantly increased the yield of Tartary buckwheat under continuous cropping. Plants treated with 10, 50, 100, and 200 μM respectively had 1.88, 2.01, 2.20, and 1.78 times higher yield than those of the Control treatment. In summary, melatonin treatment, particularly 100 μmol L-1, enhanced the continuous cropping tolerance of Tartary buckwheat by increasing antioxidant capacity and osmotica content, coordinating endogenous ABA and IAA content levels, and delaying senescence, ultimately increasing yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Huang
- School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Leng
- School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Changmin Liu
- School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Kaifeng Huang
- School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, P.R. China
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Tang Z, Huang X, Huang K. Strigolactones affect the yield of Tartary buckwheat by regulating endogenous hormone levels. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:320. [PMID: 38654155 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a newly class of endogenous phytohormones, strigolactones (SLs) regulate crop growth and yield formation by interacting with other hormones. However, the physiological mechanism of SLs affect the yield by regulating the balance of endogenous hormones of Tartary buckwheat is still unclear. RESULTS In this study, a 2-year field experiment was conducted on Tartary buckwheat (Jinqiao 2) to study the effects of different concentrations (0, 10, and 20 µmol/L) of artificial synthetic analogs of SLs (rac-GR24) and inhibitor of SL synthesis (Tis-108) on the growth, endogenous-hormone content, and yield of Tartary buckwheat. The main-stem branch number, grain number per plant, grain weight per plant, and yield of Tartary buckwheat continuously decreased with increased rac-GR24 concentration, whereas the main-stem diameter and plant height initially increased and then decreased. Rac-GR24 treatment significantly increased the content of SLs and abscisic acid (ABA) in grains, and it decreased the content of Zeatin (Z) + Zeatin nucleoside (ZR). Conversely, Tis-108 treatment decreased the content of SLs and ABA but increased the content of Z + ZR. Results of correlation analysis showed that the content of ABA and SLs, the ratio of SLs/(Z + ZR), SLs/ABA, and ABA/(Z + ZR) were significantly negatively correlated with the yield of Tartary buckwheat, and that Z + ZR content was significantly positively correlated with the yield. Regression analysis further showed that ABA/ (Z + ZR) can explain 58.4% of the variation in yield. CONCLUSIONS In summary, by adjusting the level of endogenous SLs in Tartary buckwheat, the balance of endogenous hormones in grains can be changed, thereby exerting the effect on yield. The results can provide a new agronomic method for the high-yield cultivation of Tartary buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolei Tang
- School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Kaifeng Huang
- School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
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Thakur V, Rane J, Pandey GC, Yadav S. Image facilitated assessment of intra-spike variation in grain size in wheat under high temperature and drought stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19850. [PMID: 37963937 PMCID: PMC10645968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the grain size varies according to position within the spike. Exposure to drought and high temperature stress during grain development in wheat reduces grain size, and this reduction also varies across the length of the spike. We developed the phenomics approach involving image-based tools to assess the intra-spike variation in grain size. The grains were arranged corresponding to the spikelet position and the camera of smart phone was used to acquire 333 images. The open-source software ImageJ was used to analyze features of each grain and the image-derived parameters were used to calculate intra-spike variation as standard deviation (ISVAD). The effect of genotype and environment were highly significant on the ISVAD of grain area. Sunstar and Raj 4079 contrasted in the ISVAD of grain area under late sown environment, and RNA sequencing of the spike was done at 25 days after anthesis. The genes for carbohydrate transport and stress response were upregulated in Sunstar as compared to Raj 4079, suggesting that these play a role in intra-spike assimilate distribution. The phenomics method developed may be useful for grain phenotyping and identifying germplasm with low intra-spike variation in grain size for their further validation as parental material in breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidisha Thakur
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304 022, India
| | - Jagadish Rane
- ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, Rajasthan, 334006, India.
| | - Girish Chandra Pandey
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304 022, India
| | - Satish Yadav
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, Pune, 410 505, India
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Feijó ADR, Viana VE, Balbinot A, Fipke MV, Souza GM, do Amarante L, Avila LAD. Water Deficit at Vegetative Stage Induces Tolerance to High Temperature during Anthesis in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3133. [PMID: 37687380 PMCID: PMC10490413 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crop yields have been affected by many different biotic and abiotic factors. Generally, plants experience more than one stress during their life cycle, and plants can tolerate multiple stresses and develop cross-tolerance. The expected rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) can contribute to cross-tolerance. Priming is a strategy to increase yield or to maintain yield under stress conditions. Thus, our objective was to evaluate if priming the rice plants with water deficit during the vegetative stage can induce tolerance to heat stress at anthesis and to evaluate the contribution of e[CO2]. METHODS The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement. Factor A consisted of the following treatments: water deficit at four-leaf stage (no-stress, and drought stress), heat at anthesis (normal temperature, high temperature), and priming with water deficit at four-leaf stage and heat stress at anthesis; and Factor B was two [CO2] treatments: a[CO2] = 400 ± 40 μmol mol-1 and e[CO2] = 700 ± 40 μmol mol-1. We assessed the effect of the treatments on plant growth, yield, biochemical, and transcriptome alterations. RESULTS Although e[CO2] affected rice growth parameters, it did not affect the priming effect. Primed plants showed an increase in yield and number of panicles per plant. Primed plants showed upregulation of OsHSP16.9A, OsHSP70.1, and OsHSP70.6. These results showed induced cross-tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Water deficit at the rice vegetative stage reduces the effect of heat stress at the reproductive stage. Water deficit at the vegetative stage can be used, after further testing in field conditions, to reduce the effect of heat stress during flowering in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson da Rosa Feijó
- Plant Physiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Vívian Ebeling Viana
- Crop Protection Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96015-560, Brazil
| | - Andrisa Balbinot
- Crop Protection Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96015-560, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Fipke
- Crop Protection Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96015-560, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Maia Souza
- Plant Physiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Luciano do Amarante
- Plant Physiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Luis Antonio de Avila
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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Luo Y, Hu T, Huo Y, Wang L, Zhang L, Yan R. Transcriptomic and Physiological Analyses Reveal the Molecular Mechanism through Which Exogenous Melatonin Increases Drought Stress Tolerance in Chrysanthemum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1489. [PMID: 37050115 PMCID: PMC10096800 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl.) is an important species in China's flower industry, and drought stress seriously affects the growth, quality, yield, and geographical distribution of this species. Melatonin (MT) plays a key role in regulating plant abiotic stress responses and stress resistance, but the mechanism through which exogenous MT regulates drought resistance in chrysanthemum remains unclear. This study explored the protective effect of MT on chrysanthemum drought tolerance and its key regulatory pathways. Exogenous MT application increased the photosynthetic capacity (Tr increased by 18.07%; Pn increased by 38.46%; and Gs increased by 26.52%) of chrysanthemum and attenuated decreases in its chlorophyll (19.89%) and relative water contents (26.94%). Moreover, MT increased the levels of osmolarity-related compounds such as soluble sugars (43.60%) and soluble protein (9.86%) under drought stress and increased antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD increased by 20.98%; POD increased by 35.04%; and CAT increased by 26.21%). Additionally, MT increased the endogenous MT (597.96%), growth hormone (45.31% and 92.09%), gibberellic acid (75.92% and 3.79%), salicylic acid (33.02%), and cytokinin contents (1400.00%) under drought stress while decreasing the abscisic acid (50.69% and 56.79%), jasmonate contents (62.57% and 28.31%), and ethylene contents (9.28%). RNA-seq analysis revealed 17,389, 1466, and 9359 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under three treatments (PEG, MT, and MT _ PEG, respectively) compared with the control. Enrichment analyses of the DEGs identified more than 10 GO terms and 34 KEGG pathways. Nitrogen metabolism, sulfur metabolism, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism were significantly increased under all three treatments. The DEGs included many transcription factors, such as MYB, WRKY, and NAC proteins. Our results preliminarily classify candidate genes and metabolic pathways with active roles in the interaction between MT and drought stress and advance the understanding of the molecular mechanism of the response to drought stress under MT conditions, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the breeding of drought-resistant chrysanthemum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (Y.L.); (T.H.); (Y.H.); (L.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Taotao Hu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (Y.L.); (T.H.); (Y.H.); (L.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yunyun Huo
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (Y.L.); (T.H.); (Y.H.); (L.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lingling Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (Y.L.); (T.H.); (Y.H.); (L.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (Y.L.); (T.H.); (Y.H.); (L.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Rui Yan
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (Y.L.); (T.H.); (Y.H.); (L.W.); (L.Z.)
- Ningxia Modern Facility Horticulture Engineering Technology Research Center, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Ullah A, Zhao C, Zhang M, Sun C, Liu X, Hu J, Zeeshan M, Zaid A, Dai T, Tian Z. Nitrogen enhances the effect of pre-drought priming against post-anthesis drought stress by regulating starch and protein formation in wheat. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13907. [PMID: 37039612 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most serious environmental stress factor constraining crop production across the globe. Among cereals, wheat grains are very sensitive to drought as a small degree of stress can affect the enzymatic system. This study aimed to investigate whether nitrogen and pre-anthesis drought priming could enhance the action of major regulatory enzymes involved in starch accumulation and protein synthesis in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). For this purpose, cultivars YM-158 (medium gluten) and YM-22 (low gluten) were grown in rain-controlled conditions under two nitrogen levels, that is, N180 (N1) and N300 (N2). Drought priming was applied at the jointing stage and drought stress was applied 7 days after anthesis. Drought stress reduced starch content but enhanced protein content in grains. N2 and primed plants kept higher contents of nonstructural carbohydrates, fructans, and sucrose; with higher activity of sucrose-phosphate synthase in flag leaves. Furthermore, N2 and priming treatments showed higher sink ability to develop grains by showing higher sucrose-to-starch conversion activities of adenosine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase, uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase, sucrose-synthase, soluble-starch synthase, starch branching enzyme, and granule-bound starch synthase as compared to N1 and non-primed treatments. The application of N2 and primed treatment showed a greater ability to maintain grain filling in both cultivars as compared to N1 and non-primed crops. Our study suggested that high nitrogen has the potential to enhance the effect of pre-drought priming to change source-sink relationships and grain yield of wheat under drought stress during the filling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attiq Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maixi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanjiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Henry Fork School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Abbu Zaid
- Department of Botany, Government Gandhi Memorial Science College, Cluster University, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Tingbo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongwei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Kambona CM, Koua PA, Léon J, Ballvora A. Stress memory and its regulation in plants experiencing recurrent drought conditions. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:26. [PMID: 36788199 PMCID: PMC9928933 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Developing stress-tolerant plants continues to be the goal of breeders due to their realized yields and stability. Plant responses to drought have been studied in many different plant species, but the occurrence of stress memory as well as the potential mechanisms for memory regulation is not yet well described. It has been observed that plants hold on to past events in a way that adjusts their response to new challenges without altering their genetic constitution. This ability could enable training of plants to face future challenges that increase in frequency and intensity. A better understanding of stress memory-associated mechanisms leading to alteration in gene expression and how they link to physiological, biochemical, metabolomic and morphological changes would initiate diverse opportunities to breed stress-tolerant genotypes through molecular breeding or biotechnological approaches. In this perspective, this review discusses different stress memory types and gives an overall view using general examples. Further, focusing on drought stress, we demonstrate coordinated changes in epigenetic and molecular gene expression control mechanisms, the associated transcription memory responses at the genome level and integrated biochemical and physiological responses at cellular level following recurrent drought stress exposures. Indeed, coordinated epigenetic and molecular alterations of expression of specific gene networks link to biochemical and physiological responses that facilitate acclimation and survival of an individual plant during repeated stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Mukiri Kambona
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institut Für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften Und Ressourcenschutz (INRES), RheinischeFriedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrice Ahossi Koua
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institut Für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften Und Ressourcenschutz (INRES), RheinischeFriedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
- Deutsche Saatveredelung AG, Thüler Str. 30, 33154, Salzkotten-Thüle, Germany
| | - Jens Léon
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institut Für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften Und Ressourcenschutz (INRES), RheinischeFriedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
- Field Lab Campus Klein-Altendorf, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Agim Ballvora
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institut Für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften Und Ressourcenschutz (INRES), RheinischeFriedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany.
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Jacques C, Girodet S, Leroy F, Pluchon S, Salon C, Prudent M. Memory or acclimation of water stress in pea rely on root system's plasticity and plant's ionome modulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1089720. [PMID: 36762182 PMCID: PMC9905705 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1089720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peas, as legume crops, could play a major role in the future of food security in the context of worldwide human nutrient deficiencies coupled with the growing need to reduce consumption of animal products. However, pea yields, in terms of quantity and quality (i.e. grain content), are both susceptible to climate change, and more specifically to water deficits, which nowadays occur more frequently during crop growth cycles and tend to last longer. The impact of soil water stress on plant development and plant growth is complex, as its impact varies depending on soil water availability (through the modulation of elements available in the soil), and by the plant's ability to acclimate to continuous stress or to memorize previous stress events. METHOD To identify the strategies underlying these plant responses to water stress events, pea plants were grown in controlled conditions under optimal water treatment and different types of water stress; transient (during vegetative or reproductive periods), recurrent, and continuous (throughout the plant growth cycle). Traits related to water, carbon, and ionome uptake and uses were measured and allowed the identification typical plant strategies to cope with water stress. CONCLUSION Our results highlighted (i) the common responses to the three types of water stress in shoots, involving manganese (Mn) in particular, (ii) the potential implications of boron (B) for root architecture modification under continuous stress, and (iii) the establishment of an "ecophysiological imprint" in the root system via an increase in nodule numbers during the recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Jacques
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvie Girodet
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Fanny Leroy
- Plateforme PLATIN’, US EMerode, Normandie Université, Unicaen, Caen, France
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Centre Mondial de l’Innovation Roullier, TIMAC AGRO, Saint Malo, France
| | - Christophe Salon
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Marion Prudent
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Duvnjak J, Lončarić A, Brkljačić L, Šamec D, Šarčević H, Salopek-Sondi B, Španić V. Morpho-Physiological and Hormonal Response of Winter Wheat Varieties to Drought Stress at Stem Elongation and Anthesis Stages. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:418. [PMID: 36771504 PMCID: PMC9921141 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress can significantly reduce wheat growth and development as well as grain yield. This study investigated morpho-physiological and hormonal (abscisic (ABA) and salicylic (SA) acids) responses of six winter wheat varieties during stem elongation and anthesis stage as well grain yield-related traits were measured after harvest. To examine drought response, plants were exposed to moderate non-lethal drought stress by withholding watering for 45 and 65% of the volumetric soil moisture content (VSMC) for 14 days at separate experiments for each of those two growth stages. During the stem elongation phase, ABA was increased, confirming the stress status of plants, and SA showed a tendency to increase, suggesting their role as stress hormones in the regulation of stress response, such as the increase in the number of leaves and tillers in drought stress conditions, and further keeping turgor pressure and osmotic adjustment in leaves. At the anthesis stage, heavier drought stress resulted in ABA accumulation in flag leaves that generated an integrated response of maturation, where ABA was not positively correlated with any of investigated traits. After harvest, the variety Bubnjar, followed by Pepeljuga and Anđelka, did not significantly decrease the number of grains per ear and 1000 kernel weight (except Anđelka) in drought treatments, thus, declaring them more tolerant to drought. On the other hand, Rujana, Fifi, and particularly Silvija experienced the highest reduction in grain yield-related traits, considering them drought-sensitive varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurica Duvnjak
- Department for Breeding & Genetics of Small Cereal Crops, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno Predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ante Lončarić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, University of J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Lidija Brkljačić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dunja Šamec
- Department of Food Technology, University Center Koprivnica, University North, Trg dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Šarčević
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Valentina Španić
- Department for Breeding & Genetics of Small Cereal Crops, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno Predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Mustafa G, Zheng H, Li W, Yin Y, Wang Y, Zhou M, Liu P, Bilal M, Jia H, Li G, Cheng T, Tian Y, Cao W, Zhu Y, Yao X. Fusarium head blight monitoring in wheat ears using machine learning and multimodal data from asymptomatic to symptomatic periods. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1102341. [PMID: 36726669 PMCID: PMC9885105 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1102341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The growth of the fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogen at the grain formation stage is a deadly threat to wheat production through disruption of the photosynthetic processes of wheat spikes. Real-time nondestructive and frequent proxy detection approaches are necessary to control pathogen propagation and targeted fungicide application. Therefore, this study examined the ch\lorophyll-related phenotypes or features from spectral and chlorophyll fluorescence for FHB monitoring. A methodology is developed using features extracted from hyperspectral reflectance (HR), chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (CFI), and high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) for asymptomatic to symptomatic disease detection from two consecutive years of experiments. The disease-sensitive features were selected using the Boruta feature-selection algorithm, and subjected to machine learning-sequential floating forward selection (ML-SFFS) for optimum feature combination. The results demonstrated that the biochemical parameters, HR, CFI, and HTP showed consistent alterations during the spike-pathogen interaction. Among the selected disease sensitive features, reciprocal reflectance (RR=1/700) demonstrated the highest coefficient of determination (R 2) of 0.81, with root mean square error (RMSE) of 11.1. The multivariate k-nearest neighbor model outperformed the competing multivariate and univariate models with an overall accuracy of R 2 = 0.92 and RMSE = 10.21. A combination of two to three kinds of features was found optimum for asymptomatic disease detection using ML-SFFS with an average classification accuracy of 87.04% that gradually improved to 95% for a disease severity level of 20%. The study demonstrated the fusion of chlorophyll-related phenotypes with the ML-SFFS might be a good choice for crop disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Mustafa
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengbiao Zheng
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuming Yin
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongqing Wang
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Jia
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongchao Tian
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weixing Cao
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Yao
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Effects of Different Drought Degrees on Physiological Characteristics and Endogenous Hormones of Soybean. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172282. [PMID: 36079664 PMCID: PMC9459783 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Drought affects crop developmentnand growth. To explore the physiological effects of drought stress on soybean, HeiNong44 (HN44) and HeiNong65 (HN65) varieties were used as experimental materials and PEG-6000 was used as the osmotic medium. The antioxidant enzyme activity, osmotic adjustment substance content, antioxidant capacity, and endogenous hormone content of the two soybean varieties were studied under different drought degrees and different treatment durations. Drought stress caused significant physiological changes in soybean. The antioxidant enzyme activities, osmoregulation substance content, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of HN65 and HN44 showed an increasing trend under mild and moderate drought, however, they first increased and then decreased under severe drought conditions. Following the extension of treatment time, malondialdehyde (MDA) showed an increasing trend. As drought increased, gibberellin (GA) content showed a decreasing trend, while abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and zeatin nucleoside (ZA) content showed an increasing trend. The auxin (IAA) content of the two varieties showed opposite change trends. In short, drought had a significant impact on the physiology of these two soybean varieties; however, overall, the drought resistance of HN65 was lower than that of HN44. This study provides a research theoretical basis for addressing the drought resistance mechanism and the breeding of drought resistant soybean varieties.
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12
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Han D, Tu S, Dai Z, Huang W, Jia W, Xu Z, Shao H. Comparison of selenite and selenate in alleviation of drought stress in Nicotiana tabacum L. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132136. [PMID: 34492417 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous selenium (Se) improves the tolerance of plants to abiotic stress. However, the effects and mechanisms of different Se species on drought stress alleviation are poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate and compare the different effects and mechanisms of sodium selenate (Na2SeO4) and sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) on the growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant system, osmotic substances and stress-responsive gene expression of Nicotiana tabacum L. under drought stress. The results revealed that drought stress could significantly inhibit growth, whereas both Na2SeO4 and Na2SeO3 could significantly facilitate the growth of N. tabacum under drought stress. However, compared to Na2SeO3, Se application as Na2SeO4 induced a significant increase in the root tip number and number of bifurcations under drought stress. Furthermore, both Na2SeO4 and Na2SeO3 displayed higher levels of photosynthetic pigments, better photosynthesis, and higher concentrations of osmotic substances, antioxidant enzymes, and stress-responsive gene (NtCDPK2, NtP5CS, NtAREB and NtLEA5) expression than drought stress alone. However, the application of Na2SeO4 showed higher expression levels of the NtP5CS and NtAREB genes than Na2SeO3. Both Na2SeO4 and Na2SeO3 alleviated many of the deleterious effects of drought in leaves, which was achieved by reducing stress-induced lipid peroxidation (MDA) and H2O2 content by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, while Na2SeO4 application showed lower H2O2 and MDA content than Na2SeO3 application. Overall, the results confirm the positive effects of Se application, especially Na2SeO4 application, which is markedly superior to Na2SeO3 in the role of resistance towards abiotic stress in N. tabacum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Han
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shuxin Tu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhihua Dai
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wuxing Huang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wei Jia
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zicheng Xu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Huifang Shao
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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13
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Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield Response of Isatis indigotica to Regulated Deficit Irrigation in a Cold and Arid Environment. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13243510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Water resource scarcity is an important factor restricting the sustainable development of agriculture in Northwest China. Regulated deficit irrigation can conserve water while maintaining high crop yields. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of regulated deficit irrigation on the photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and water use efficiency of woad (Isatis indigotica) under mulched drip irrigation from 2017 to 2019 in a cold and arid area of the Hexi Oasis irrigation region, China. Sufficient water was supplied during the seedling stage. The control consisted of adequate water supplied during the other growth stages, whereas mild, moderate, and severe water deficits were imposed during the vegetative growth period, and a mild and moderate water deficit was imposed during the fleshy root growth stage. A mild water deficit was imposed during the fleshy root maturity period. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance under moderate and severe water deficit were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased compared with the control, respectively, during the vegetative growth period. The economic yield of mild water deficit during the vegetative growth and mild water deficit during the vegetative growth and fleshy root growth did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) from that of the control. Other treatments caused a 6.74–17.74% reduction in the economic yield of woad. The water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were the highest in the mild water deficit during the vegetative growth period and the fleshy root growth period. Therefore, the application of a continuous mild deficit from the vegetative growth stage to the fleshy root growth stage with sufficient water supplied during other growth periods is recommended as the optimal irrigation regime for maximum yield, water use efficiency, and water-saving of woad.
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14
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Jacques C, Salon C, Barnard RL, Vernoud V, Prudent M. Drought Stress Memory at the Plant Cycle Level: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1873. [PMID: 34579406 PMCID: PMC8466371 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms whose survival depends on their strategy to cope with dynamic, stressful conditions. It is urgent to improve the ability of crops to adapt to recurrent stresses in order to alleviate the negative impacts on their productivity. Although our knowledge of plant adaptation to drought has been extensively enhanced during the last decades, recent studies have tackled plant responses to recurrent stresses. The present review synthesizes the major findings from studies addressing plant responses to multiple drought events, and demonstrates the ability of plants to memorize drought stress. Stress memory is described as a priming effect allowing a different response to a reiterated stress when compared to a single stress event. Here, by specifically focusing on water stress memory at the plant cycle level, we describe the different underlying processes at the molecular, physiological and morphological levels in crops as well as in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, a conceptual analysis framework is proposed to study drought stress memory. Finally, the essential role of interactions between plants and soil microorganisms is emphasized during reiterated stresses because their plasticity can play a key role in supporting overall plant resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marion Prudent
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; (C.J.); (C.S.); (R.L.B.); (V.V.)
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15
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In Response to Abiotic Stress, DNA Methylation Confers EpiGenetic Changes in Plants. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061096. [PMID: 34070712 PMCID: PMC8227271 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics involves the heritable changes in patterns of gene expression determined by developmental and abiotic stresses, i.e., drought, cold, salinity, trace metals, and heat. Gene expression is driven by changes in DNA bases, histone proteins, the biogenesis of ncRNA, and changes in the nucleotide sequence. To cope with abiotic stresses, plants adopt certain changes driven by a sophisticated biological system. DNA methylation is a primary mechanism for epigenetic variation, which can induce phenotypic alterations in plants under stress. Some of the stress-driven changes in plants are temporary, while some modifications may be stable and inheritable to the next generations to allow them to cope with such extreme stress challenges in the future. In this review, we discuss the pivotal role of epigenetically developed phenotypic characteristics in plants as an evolutionary process participating in adaptation and tolerance responses to abiotic and biotic stresses that alter their growth and development. We emphasize the molecular process underlying changes in DNA methylation, differential variation for different species, the roles of non-coding RNAs in epigenetic modification, techniques for studying DNA methylation, and its role in crop improvement in tolerance to abiotic stress (drought, salinity, and heat). We summarize DNA methylation as a significant future research priority for tailoring crops according to various challenging environmental issues.
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16
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An overview of recent advancement in phytohormones-mediated stress management and drought tolerance in crop plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2020.100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Szala K, Ogonowska H, Lugowska B, Zmijewska B, Wyszynska R, Dmochowska-Boguta M, Orczyk W, Nadolska-Orczyk A. Different sets of TaCKX genes affect yield-related traits in wheat plants grown in a controlled environment and in field conditions. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:496. [PMID: 33121443 PMCID: PMC7597040 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TaCKX wheat gene family members (GFMs) encode the enzyme cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX), which irreversibly degrades cytokinins. The genes are important regulators of cytokinin content and take part in growth and development, with a major impact on yield-related traits. The goal of this research was to test whether these genes might be differentially expressed in the field compared to laboratory conditions and consequently differently affect plant development and yield. RESULTS We compared expression and crosstalk of the TaCKX GFMs and TaNAC2-5A gene in modern varieties grown in a growth chamber (GC) and in the field and looked for differences in their impact on yield-related traits. The TaNAC2-5A gene was included in the research since it was expected to play an important role in co-regulation of these genes. The range of relative expression levels of TaCKX GFMs and TaNAC2-5A gene among tested cultivars was from 5 for TaCKX8 to more than 100 for TaCKX9 in the GC and from 6 for TaCKX8 to 275 for TaCKX10 in the field. The range was similar for four of them in the GC, but was much higher for seven others and TaNAC2-5A in the field. The TaCKX GFMs and TaNAC2-5A form co-expression groups, which differ depending on growth conditions. Consequently, the genes also differently regulate yield-related traits in the GC and in the field. TaNAC2-5A took part in negative regulation of tiller number and CKX activity in seedling roots only in controlled GC conditions. Grain number and grain yield were negatively regulated by TaCKX10 in the GC but positively by TaCKX8 and others in the field. Some of the genes, which were expressed in seedling roots, negatively influenced tiller number and positively regulated seedling root weight, CKX activity in the spikes, thousand grain weight (TGW) as well as formation of semi-empty spikes. CONCLUSIONS We have documented that: 1) natural variation in expression levels of tested genes in both environments is very high, indicating the possibility of selection of beneficial genotypes for breeding purposes, 2) to create a model of an ideotype for breeding, we need to take into consideration the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Szala
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Hanna Ogonowska
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | | | - Barbara Zmijewska
- Plant Breeding Strzelce Ltd., Co. - IHAR Group, Konczewice 1, 87-140, Chelmza, Poland
| | - Renata Wyszynska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Dmochowska-Boguta
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Waclaw Orczyk
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Anna Nadolska-Orczyk
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland.
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18
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Batool T, Ali S, Seleiman MF, Naveed NH, Ali A, Ahmed K, Abid M, Rizwan M, Shahid MR, Alotaibi M, Al-Ashkar I, Mubushar M. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria alleviates drought stress in potato in response to suppressive oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activities. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16975. [PMID: 33046721 PMCID: PMC7550571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73489-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of plant physiological functions under drought stress is normally considered a positive feature as it indicates sustained plant health and growth. This study was conducted to investigate whether plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Bacillus subtilis HAS31 has potential to maintain potato growth and yield under drought stress. We analyzed trends of chlorophyll concentration, photosynthesis process, relative water content, osmolytes, antioxidants enzymes and oxidative stress, relative growth rate, tuber and aboveground biomass production in two potato varieties, Santae (drought-tolerant) and PRI-Red (drought-sensitive). Plants of both genotypes were treated with 100 g of HAS31 inoculant at 10 days after germination and exposed to different soil relative water contents (SRWC), including 80 ± 5% (well watered), 60 ± 5% (moderate stress) and 40 ± 5% SRWC (severe stress) for 7 days at tuber initiation stage (30 days after germination). The drought stress reduced plant relative growth rate, biomass production, leaf area, number of leaves and tubers, tuber weight, and final yield. The drought-stressed plants showed decline in chlorophyll contents, membrane stability, leaf relative water contents and photosynthetic rate. Under drought stress, enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), contents of total soluble sugars, soluble proteins and proline increased. The application of PGPR reduced the impact of drought and maintained higher growth and physio-chemical traits of the plants. The plants with PGPR application showed higher relative growth rate, dry matter production, leaf area, number of tubers, tuber weight and yield as compared to plants without PGPR. The PGPR-HAS31 treated plants maintained higher photosynthetic process, contents of chlorophyll, soluble proteins, total soluble sugars, and enzymatic activities of CAT, POD and SOD as compared to plants without PGPR. The results of the study suggest that plant growth regulators have ability to sustain growth and yield of potato under drought stress by maintaining physiological functions of the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Batool
- Department of Botanical Sciences, University of Sargodha, Punjab, 40210, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environment Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Mahmoud F Seleiman
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shibin El-kom, 32514, Egypt
| | - Naima Huma Naveed
- Department of Botanical Sciences, University of Sargodha, Punjab, 40210, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Ali
- Department of Botanical Sciences, University of Sargodha, Punjab, 40210, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Agriculture Department (Field Wing), Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environment Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Shahid
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Majed Alotaibi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Al-Ashkar
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Mubushar
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Abstract
Wheat was one of the first grain crops domesticated by humans and remains among the major contributors to the global calorie and protein budget. The rapidly expanding world population demands further enhancement of yield and performance of wheat. Phenotypic information has historically been instrumental in wheat breeding for improved traits. In the last two decades, a steadily growing collection of tools and imaging software have given us the ability to quantify shoot, root, and seed traits with progressively increasing accuracy and throughput. This review discusses challenges and advancements in image analysis platforms for wheat phenotyping at the organ level. Perspectives on how these collective phenotypes can inform basic research on understanding wheat physiology and breeding for wheat improvement are also provided.
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20
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Jabłoński B, Ogonowska H, Szala K, Bajguz A, Orczyk W, Nadolska-Orczyk A. Silencing of TaCKX1 Mediates Expression of Other TaCKX Genes to Increase Yield Parameters in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134809. [PMID: 32645965 PMCID: PMC7369774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TaCKX, Triticum aestivum (cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase) family genes influence the development of wheat plants by the specific regulation of cytokinin content in different organs. However, their detailed role is not known. The TaCKX1, highly and specifically expressed in developing spikes and in seedling roots, was silenced by RNAi-mediated gene silencing via Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the effect of silencing was investigated in 7 DAP (days after pollination) spikes of T1 and T2 generations. Various levels of TaCKX1 silencing in both generations influence different models of co-expression with other TaCKX genes and parameters of yield-related traits. Only a high level of silencing in T2 resulted in strong down-regulation of TaCKX11 (3), up-regulation of TaCKX2.1, 2.2, 5, and 9 (10), and a high yielding phenotype. This phenotype is characterized by a higher spike number, grain number, and grain yield, but lower thousand grain weight (TGW). The content of most of cytokinin forms in 7 DAP spikes of silenced T2 lines increased from 23% to 76% compared to the non-silenced control. The CKs cross talk with other phytohormones. Each of the tested yield-related traits is regulated by various up- or down-regulated TaCKX genes and phytohormones. The coordinated effect of TaCKX1 silencing on the expression of other TaCKX genes, phytohormone levels in 7 DAP spikes, and yield-related traits in silenced T2 lines is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Jabłoński
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland; (B.J.); (H.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Hanna Ogonowska
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland; (B.J.); (H.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Karolina Szala
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland; (B.J.); (H.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Wacław Orczyk
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland;
| | - Anna Nadolska-Orczyk
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland; (B.J.); (H.O.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Stallmann J, Schweiger R, Pons CAA, Müller C. Wheat growth, applied water use efficiency and flag leaf metabolome under continuous and pulsed deficit irrigation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10112. [PMID: 32572060 PMCID: PMC7308318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensity and frequency of precipitation events are predicted to change over the coming decades. For many areas, longer periods without rainfall are expected. We investigated the importance of irrigation frequency under water deficit conditions for growth, physiology and chemistry of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Drought-stressed plants received 40% of the water provided for control plants and were either watered every other day (continuous drought, cd) or every eight days (pulsed drought, pd). Maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), aboveground biomass, applied water use efficiency (WUEapl) and the flag leaf metabolome were assessed twice during development. Fv/Fm was not affected by irrigation. Drought-exposed plants produced less biomass, but had higher WUEapl than control plants. More metabolic features responded to the pd compared to the cd treatment and more features were increased than decreased in pool size in flag leaves. Salicylic acid glucoside was generally decreased under drought. In pd plants, two benzoxazinoid glucosides were enhanced at the first time point and concentrations of several flavonoid glycosides were modulated. This study extends our knowledge about drought effects on wheat; it highlights that the frequency of watering determines how plant growth, physiology and metabolism are affected by drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Stallmann
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rabea Schweiger
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Caroline A A Pons
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Caroline Müller
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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22
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Li H, Teng RM, Liu JX, Yang RY, Yang YZ, Lin SJ, Han MH, Liu JY, Zhuang J. Identification and Analysis of Genes Involved in Auxin, Abscisic Acid, Gibberellin, and Brassinosteroid Metabolisms Under Drought Stress in Tender Shoots of Tea Plants. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:1292-1302. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui-Min Teng
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruo-Yan Yang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Zhuo Yang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Jia Lin
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao-Hua Han
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Yu Liu
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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23
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Luo Y, Pang D, Jin M, Chen J, Kong X, Li W, Chang Y, Li Y, Wang Z. Identification of plant hormones and candidate hub genes regulating flag leaf senescence in wheat response to water deficit stress at the grain-filling stage. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00152. [PMID: 31709381 PMCID: PMC6834085 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In order to clarify the transcriptional regulatory network and physiological mechanisms governing leaf senescence response to drought stress in wheat, experiments were performed using two wheat varieties with contrasting drought tolerance: Fu287 (F287, a drought-sensitive genotype) and Shannong20 (SN20, a drought-resistant genotype). The latter has higher SPAD values, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), zeatin (Z), zeatin riboside (ZR), and gibberellin (GA 3) content as well as higher expression levels of Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, Fe-SOD,POD,CAT, and APX under various water deficit conditions. Conjoint analysis of physiological and biochemical indicators and transcriptome data by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) in the present study provides a useful genomic and molecular resource for studying drought adaptation in wheat. The flag leaf senescence process was changed by altering the concentration of phytohormones. SA, JA, abscisic acid (ABA), Z, ZR, and GA 3 coordinate with each other to control leaf senescence and plant adaptation under drought stress. Further, the leaf senescence process was divided into two phases: the persistence phase and the rapid loss phase. Shorter Chltotal (duration of the flag leaf being photosynthetically active), shorter Chlper (persistence phase), reduced M (inflection point cumulative temperature when senescence rate is the maximum), decreased r max (the maximum senescence rate), larger r 0 (the initial senescence rate), and increased r aver (the average senescence rate) were slightly associated with low grain mass. We speculated that extending the period of the persistence phase by cultivation or chemical control measures could further increase the drought survivability and productivity of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Dangwei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Min Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Xiang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Wenqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Yonglan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
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24
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Activities of starch synthetic enzymes and contents of endogenous hormones in waxy maize grains subjected to post-silking water deficit. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7059. [PMID: 31065011 PMCID: PMC6505039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rainfed maize in Southern China and frequently suffer water deficit at later plant growth periods. A pot trial in 2014–2015 was conducted to study the effects of drought stress (the relative soil moisture contents are 70–80% and 50–60% under control and water deficit conditions, respectively) after pollination on grain filling and starch accumulation, activities of starch synthetic enzymes, and contents of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA), with Suyunuo5 as test material. The grain fresh weight, volume, and dry weight were not affected by drought before 10 days after pollination but were restricted thereafter. The reduction at maturity was reduced by 33.3%, 40.0%, and 32.3% in 2014 and by 21.7%, 24.3%, and 18.3% in 2015. The grain filling rate was suppressed by water deficit, whereas grain moisture and starch content were slightly affected. The starch accumulation was decreased by 33.5% and 20.0% at maturity in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The activities of starch synthetic enzymes (sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, soluble starch synthase, and starch branching enzyme) were downregulated by post-silking drought. The ABA content was increased, whereas IAA content was decreased when plants suffered water deficit during grain filling. In conclusion, post-silking water deficit increased ABA content, decreased IAA content, and weakened the activities of starch synthetic enzymes, which suppressed grain development and ultimately reduced grain weight.
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25
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Baier M, Bittner A, Prescher A, van Buer J. Preparing plants for improved cold tolerance by priming. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:782-800. [PMID: 29974962 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cold is a major stressor, which limits plant growth and development in many parts of the world, especially in the temperate climate zones. A large number of experimental studies has demonstrated that not only acclimation and entrainment but also the experience of single short stress events of various abiotic or biotic kinds (priming stress) can improve the tolerance of plants to chilling temperatures. This process, called priming, depends on a stress "memory". It does not change cold sensitivity per se but beneficially modifies the response to cold and can last for days, months, or even longer. Elicitor factors and antagonists accumulate due to increased biosynthesis or decreased degradation either during or after the priming stimulus. Comparison of priming studies investigating improved tolerance to chilling temperatures highlighted key regulatory functions of ROS/RNS and antioxidant enzymes, plant hormones, especially jasmonates, salicylates, and abscisic acid, and signalling metabolites, such as β- and γ-aminobutyric acid (BABA and GABA) and melatonin. We conclude that these elicitors and antagonists modify local and systemic cold tolerance by integration into cold-induced signalling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Baier
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andras Bittner
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Prescher
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn van Buer
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Abhinandan K, Skori L, Stanic M, Hickerson NMN, Jamshed M, Samuel MA. Abiotic Stress Signaling in Wheat - An Inclusive Overview of Hormonal Interactions During Abiotic Stress Responses in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:734. [PMID: 29942321 PMCID: PMC6004395 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rapid global warming directly impacts agricultural productivity and poses a major challenge to the present-day agriculture. Recent climate change models predict severe losses in crop production worldwide due to the changing environment, and in wheat, this can be as large as 42 Mt/°C rise in temperature. Although wheat occupies the largest total harvested area (38.8%) among the cereals including rice and maize, its total productivity remains the lowest. The major production losses in wheat are caused more by abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and high temperature than by biotic insults. Thus, understanding the effects of these stresses becomes indispensable for wheat improvement programs which have depended mainly on the genetic variations present in the wheat genome through conventional breeding. Notably, recent biotechnological breakthroughs in the understanding of gene functions and access to whole genome sequences have opened new avenues for crop improvement. Despite the availability of such resources in wheat, progress is still limited to the understanding of the stress signaling mechanisms using model plants such as Arabidopsis, rice and Brachypodium and not directly using wheat as the model organism. This review presents an inclusive overview of the phenotypic and physiological changes in wheat due to various abiotic stresses followed by the current state of knowledge on the identified mechanisms of perception and signal transduction in wheat. Specifically, this review provides an in-depth analysis of different hormonal interactions and signaling observed during abiotic stress signaling in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcus A. Samuel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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