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Ornelas-Ayala D, Cortés-Quiñones C, Olvera-Herrera J, García-Ponce B, Garay-Arroyo A, Álvarez-Buylla ER, Sanchez MDLP. A Green Light to Switch on Genes: Revisiting Trithorax on Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:75. [PMID: 36616203 PMCID: PMC9824250 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Trithorax Group (TrxG) is a highly conserved multiprotein activation complex, initially defined by its antagonistic activity with the PcG repressor complex. TrxG regulates transcriptional activation by the deposition of H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 marks. According to the function and evolutionary origin, several proteins have been defined as TrxG in plants; nevertheless, little is known about their interactions and if they can form TrxG complexes. Recent evidence suggests the existence of new TrxG components as well as new interactions of some TrxG complexes that may be acting in specific tissues in plants. In this review, we bring together the latest research on the topic, exploring the interactions and roles of TrxG proteins at different developmental stages, required for the fine-tuned transcriptional activation of genes at the right time and place. Shedding light on the molecular mechanism by which TrxG is recruited and regulates transcription.
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Wang LF, Lu KK, Li TT, Zhang Y, Guo JX, Song RF, Liu WC. Maize PHYTOMELATONIN RECEPTOR1 functions in plant tolerance to osmotic and drought stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5961-5973. [PMID: 34922349 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytomelatonin is a universal signal molecule that regulates plant growth and stress responses; however, only one receptor that can directly bind with and perceive melatonin signaling has been identified so far, namely AtPMTR1/CAND2 in Arabidopsis. Whether other plants contain a similar receptor and, if so, how it functions is still unknown. In this study, we identified a new phytomelatonin receptor in the monocot maize (Zea mays), and investigated its role in plant responses to osmotic and drought stress. Using homology searching, we identified a plasma membrane-localized protein, Zm00001eb214610/ZmPMTR1, with strong binding activity to melatonin as a potential phytomelatonin receptor in maize. Overexpressing ZmPMTR1 in Arabidopsis Col-0 promoted osmotic stress tolerance, and rescued osmotic stress sensitivity of the Arabidopsis cand2-1 mutant. Furthermore, ZmPMTR1 also largely rescued defects in melatonin-induced stomatal closure in the cand2-1 mutant, thereby reducing water loss rate and increasing tolerance to drought stress. In addition, we identified a maize mutant of ZmPMTR1, EMS4-06e2fl, with a point-mutation causing premature termination of protein translation, and found that this mutant had lower leaf temperatures, increased rate of water loss, and enhanced drought stress sensitivity. Thus, we present ZmPMTR1 as the first phytomelatonin receptor to be identified and examined in a monocot plant, and our results indicate that it plays an important function in the response of maize to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Kai-Kai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jia-Xing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ru-Feng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Zheng SQ, Fu ZW, Lu YT. ELO2 Participates in the Regulation of Osmotic Stress Response by Modulating Nitric Oxide Accumulation in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:924064. [PMID: 35909771 PMCID: PMC9326477 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.924064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ELO family is involved in synthesizing very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and VLCFAs play a crucial role in plant development, protein transport, and disease resistance, but the physiological function of the plant ELO family is largely unknown. Further, while nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like activity acts in various plant environmental responses by modulating nitric oxide (NO) accumulation, how the NOS-like activity is regulated in such different stress responses remains misty. Here, we report that the yeast mutant Δelo3 is defective in H2O2-triggered cell apoptosis with decreased NOS-like activity and NO accumulation, while its Arabidopsis homologous gene ELO2 (ELO HOMOLOG 2) could complement such defects in Δelo3. The expression of this gene is enhanced and required in plant osmotic stress response because the T-DNA insertion mutant elo2 is more sensitive to the stress than wild-type plants, and ELO2 expression could rescue the sensitivity phenotype of elo2. In addition, osmotic stress-promoted NOS-like activity and NO accumulation are significantly repressed in elo2, while exogenous application of NO donors can rescue this sensitivity of elo2 in terms of germination rate, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and ion leakage. Furthermore, stress-responsive gene expression, proline accumulation, and catalase activity are also repressed in elo2 compared with the wild type under osmotic stress. In conclusion, our study identifies ELO2 as a pivotal factor involved in plant osmotic stress response and reveals its role in regulating NOS-like activity and NO accumulation.
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Brassinosteroids Mitigate Cadmium Effects in Arabidopsis Root System without Any Cooperation with Nitric Oxide. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020825. [PMID: 35055009 PMCID: PMC8776143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) affects root system development and quiescent center (QC)-definition in Arabidopsis root-apices. The brassinosteroids-(BRs)-mediated tolerance to heavy metals has been reported to occur by a modulation of nitric oxide (NO) and root auxin-localization. However, how BRs counteract Cd-action in different root types is unknown. This research aimed to find correlations between BRs and NO in response to Cd in Arabidopsis’s root system, monitoring their effects on QC-definition and auxin localization in root-apices. To this aim, root system developmental changes induced by low levels of 24-epibrassinolide (eBL) or by the BR-biosynthesis inhibitor brassinazole (Brz), combined or not with CdSO4, and/or with the NO-donor nitroprusside (SNP), were investigated using morpho-anatomical and NO-epifluorescence analyses, and monitoring auxin-localization by the DR5::GUS system. Results show that eBL, alone or combined with Cd, enhances lateral (LR) and adventitious (AR) root formation and counteracts QC-disruption and auxin-delocalization caused by Cd in primary root/LR/AR apices. Exogenous NO enhances LR and AR formation in Cd-presence, without synergism with eBL. The NO-signal is positively affected by eBL, but not in Cd-presence, and BR-biosynthesis inhibition does not change the low NO-signal caused by Cd. Collectively, results show that BRs ameliorate Cd-effects on all root types acting independently from NO.
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Liu L, Huang L, Sun C, Wang L, Jin C, Lin X. Cross-Talk between Hydrogen Peroxide and Nitric Oxide during Plant Development and Responses to Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9485-9497. [PMID: 34428901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are gradually becoming established as critical regulators in plants under physiological and stressful conditions. Strong spatiotemporal correlations in their production and distribution have been identified in various plant biological processes. In this context, NO and H2O2 act synergistically or antagonistically as signals or stress promoters depending on their respective concentrations, engaging in processes such as the hypersensitive response, stomatal movement, and abiotic stress responses. Moreover, proteins identified as potential targets of NO-based modifications include a number of enzymes related to H2O2 metabolism, reinforcing their cross-talk. In this review, several processes of well-characterized functional interplay between H2O2 and NO are discussed with respect to the most recent reported evidence on hypersensitive response-induced programmed cell death, stomatal movement, and plant responses to adverse conditions and, where known, the molecular mechanisms and factors underpinning their cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention Technology, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Lin Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Luxuan Wang
- Department of Agriculture and Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Chongwei Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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CAND2/PMTR1 Is Required for Melatonin-Conferred Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084014. [PMID: 33924609 PMCID: PMC8069227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmotic stress severely inhibits plant growth and development, causing huge loss of crop quality and quantity worldwide. Melatonin is an important signaling molecule that generally confers plant increased tolerance to various environmental stresses, however, whether and how melatonin participates in plant osmotic stress response remain elusive. Here, we report that melatonin enhances plant osmotic stress tolerance through increasing ROS-scavenging ability, and melatonin receptor CAND2 plays a key role in melatonin-mediated plant response to osmotic stress. Upon osmotic stress treatment, the expression of melatonin biosynthetic genes including SNAT1, COMT1, and ASMT1 and the accumulation of melatonin are increased in the wild-type plants. The snat1 mutant is defective in osmotic stress-induced melatonin accumulation and thus sensitive to osmotic stress, while exogenous melatonin enhances the tolerance of the wild-type plant and rescues the sensitivity of the snat1 mutant to osmotic stress by upregulating the expression and activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase to repress H2O2 accumulation. Further study showed that the melatonin receptor mutant cand2 exhibits reduced osmotic stress tolerance with increased ROS accumulation, but exogenous melatonin cannot revert its osmotic stress phenotype. Together, our study reveals that CADN2 functions necessarily in melatonin-conferred osmotic stress tolerance by activating ROS-scavenging ability in Arabidopsis.
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Song RF, Li TT, Liu WC. Jasmonic Acid Impairs Arabidopsis Seedling Salt Stress Tolerance Through MYC2-Mediated Repression of CAT2 Expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:730228. [PMID: 34745163 PMCID: PMC8569249 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.730228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
High salinity causes ionic, osmotic, and oxidative stresses to plants, and the antioxidant enzyme Catalase2 (CAT2) plays a vital role in this process, while how CAT2 expression is regulated during plant response to high salinity remains elusive. Here, we report that phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) impairs plant salt stress tolerance by repressing CAT2 expression in an MYC2-dependent manner. Exogenous JA application decreased plant salt stress tolerance while the jar1 mutant with reduced bioactive JA-Ile accumulation showed enhanced salt stress tolerance. JA enhanced salt-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, while treatment with H2O2-scavenger glutathione compromised such effects of JA on plant H2O2 accumulation and salt stress tolerance. In addition, JA repressed CAT2 expression in salt-stressed wild-type plant but not in myc2, a mutant of the master transcriptional factor MYC2 in JA signaling, therefore, the myc2 mutant exhibited increased salt stress tolerance. Further study showed that mutation of CAT2 largely reverted lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, higher CAT activity, and enhanced salt stress tolerance of the myc2 mutant in myc2 cat2-1 double mutant, revealing that CAT2 functions downstream JA-MYC2 module in plant response to high salinity. Together, our study reveals that JA impairs Arabidopsis seedling salt stress tolerance through MYC2-mediated repression of CAT2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Feng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Cheng Liu
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