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Jia G, Liu G, Niu H. Hemispheric Lateralization of Visuospatial Attention Is Independent of Language Production on Right-Handers: Evidence From Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Front Neurol 2022; 12:784821. [PMID: 35095729 PMCID: PMC8795708 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.784821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that visuospatial attention is mainly lateralized to the right hemisphere, whereas language production is mainly left-lateralized. However, there is a significant controversy regarding how these two kinds of lateralization interact with each other. The present research used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to examine whether visuospatial attention is indeed right-lateralized, whereas language production is left-lateralized, and more importantly, whether the extent of lateralization in the visuospatial task is correlated with that in the task involving language. Specifically, fifty-two healthy right-handed participants participated in this study. Multiple-channel fNIRS technique was utilized to record the cerebral hemodynamic changes when participants were engaged in naming objects depicted in pictures (the picture naming task) or judging whether a presented line was bisected correctly (the landmark task). The degree of hemispheric lateralization was quantified according to the activation difference between the left and right hemispheres. We found that the picture-naming task predominantly activated the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) of the left hemisphere. In contrast, the landmark task predominantly activated the inferior parietal sulcus (IPS) and superior parietal lobule (SPL) of the right hemisphere. The quantitative calculation of the laterality index also showed a left-lateralized distribution for the picture-naming task and a right-lateralized distribution for the landmark task. Intriguingly, the correlation analysis revealed no significant correlation between the laterality indices of these two tasks. Our findings support the independent hypothesis, suggesting that different cognitive tasks may engender lateralized processing in the brain, but these lateralized activities may be independent of each other. Meanwhile, we stress the importance of handedness in understanding the relationship between functional asymmetries. Methodologically, we demonstrated the effectiveness of using the multichannel fNIRS technique to investigate the hemispheric specialization of different cognitive tasks and their lateralization relations between different tasks. Our findings and methods may have important implications for future research to explore lateralization-related issues in individuals with neural pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haijing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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2
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Evidence That Methylphenidate Treatment Evokes Anxiety-Like Behavior Through Glucose Hypometabolism and Disruption of the Orbitofrontal Cortex Metabolic Networks. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1830-1845. [PMID: 34797528 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) has been widely misused by children and adolescents who do not meet all diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder without a consensus about the consequences. Here, we evaluate the effect of MPH treatment on glucose metabolism and metabolic network in the rat brain, as well as on performance in behavioral tests. Wistar male rats received intraperitoneal injections of MPH (2.0 mg/kg) or an equivalent volume of 0.9% saline solution (controls), once a day, from the 15th to the 44th postnatal day. Fluorodeoxyglucose-18 was used to investigate cerebral metabolism, and a cross-correlation matrix was used to examine the brain metabolic network in MPH-treated rats using micro-positron emission tomography imaging. Performance in the light-dark transition box, eating-related depression, and sucrose preference tests was also evaluated. While MPH provoked glucose hypermetabolism in the auditory, parietal, retrosplenial, somatosensory, and visual cortices, hypometabolism was identified in the left orbitofrontal cortex. MPH-treated rats show a brain metabolic network more efficient and connected, but careful analyses reveal that the MPH interrupts the communication of the orbitofrontal cortex with other brain areas. Anxiety-like behavior was also observed in MPH-treated rats. This study shows that glucose metabolism evaluated by micro-positron emission tomography in the brain can be affected by MPH in different ways according to the region of the brain studied. It may be related, at least in part, to a rewiring in the brain the metabolic network and behavioral changes observed, representing an important step in exploring the mechanisms and consequences of MPH treatment.
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3
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Lu Y, Wang T, Long Q, Cheng Z. Impact of Distracting Emotional Stimuli on the Characteristics of Movement Performance: A Kinematic Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:642643. [PMID: 33841277 PMCID: PMC8026889 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.642643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-documented that emotional stimuli impact both the cognitive and motor aspects of “goal-directed” behavior. However, how emotional distractors impact motor performance remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize how movement quality was impacted during emotional distractors. We used a modified oddball paradigm and documented the performance of pure movement. Participants were designated to draw a triangle or a polygon, while an emotional stimulus was presented. Speed was assessed using reaction time and movement time. The quality and precision of movement were assessed by calculating the accuracy and root-mean-square error (RMSE). Compared to drawings of triangles, polygons had higher accuracy under negative stimuli, but lower RMSE under positive stimuli. The results indicate that distracting emotional stimuli impact different aspects of movement quality, with movement complexity influencing accuracy under negative distractors and precision under positive distractors. This study provides further evidence that movement precision is an important feature of emotional embodiment that should be incorporated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Lu
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuping Long
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijian Cheng
- Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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4
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Spatial and feature-based attention to expressive faces. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:967-975. [PMID: 30683957 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Facial emotion is an important cue for deciding whether an individual is potentially helpful or harmful. However, facial expressions are inherently ambiguous and observers typically employ other cues to categorize emotion expressed on the face, such as race, sex, and context. Here, we explored the effect of increasing or reducing different types of uncertainty associated with a facial expression that is to be categorized. On each trial, observers responded according to the emotion and location of a peripherally presented face stimulus and were provided with either: (1) no information about the upcoming face; (2) its location; (3) its expressed emotion; or (4) both its location and emotion. While cueing emotion or location resulted in faster response times than cueing unpredictive information, cueing face emotion alone resulted in faster responses than cueing face location alone. Moreover, cueing both stimulus location and emotion resulted in a superadditive reduction of response times compared with cueing location or emotion alone, suggesting that feature-based attention to emotion and spatially selective attention interact to facilitate perception of face stimuli. While categorization of facial expressions was significantly affected by stable identity cues (sex and race) in the face, we found that these interactions were eliminated when uncertainty about facial expression, but not spatial uncertainty about stimulus location, was reduced by predictive cueing. This demonstrates that feature-based attention to facial expression greatly attenuates the need to rely on stable identity cues to interpret facial emotion.
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5
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Neomániová K, Berčík J, Horská E. Dissonance of Selected Neuroscience Techniques at Detection of Emotions in Advertising Spots. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201866040969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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6
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Mańkowska A, Harciarek M, Williamson JB, Heilman KM. The influence of rightward and leftward spatial deviations of spatial attention on emotional picture recognition. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2018; 40:951-962. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2018.1457138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mańkowska
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Harciarek
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - John B. Williamson
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth M. Heilman
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
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7
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Effects of Emotional Valence on Hemispheric Asymmetries in Response Inhibition. Symmetry (Basel) 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/sym9080145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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8
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Grissmann S, Zander TO, Faller J, Brönstrup J, Kelava A, Gramann K, Gerjets P. Affective Aspects of Perceived Loss of Control and Potential Implications for Brain-Computer Interfaces. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:370. [PMID: 28769776 PMCID: PMC5515824 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) focus on detecting single aspects of user states (e.g., motor imagery) in the electroencephalogram (EEG) in order to use these aspects as control input for external systems. This communication can be effective, but unaccounted mental processes can interfere with signals used for classification and thereby introduce changes in the signal properties which could potentially impede BCI classification performance. To improve BCI performance, we propose deploying an approach that potentially allows to describe different mental states that could influence BCI performance. To test this approach, we analyzed neural signatures of potential affective states in data collected in a paradigm where the complex user state of perceived loss of control (LOC) was induced. In this article, source localization methods were used to identify brain dynamics with source located outside but affecting the signal of interest originating from the primary motor areas, pointing to interfering processes in the brain during natural human-machine interaction. In particular, we found affective correlates which were related to perceived LOC. We conclude that additional context information about the ongoing user state might help to improve the applicability of BCIs to real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Grissmann
- LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten O Zander
- LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany.,Team PhyPA, Biological Psychology and Neuroergonomics, Berlin Institute of TechnologyBerlin, Germany
| | - Josef Faller
- Laboratory for Intelligent Imaging and Neural Computing, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, United States
| | - Jonas Brönstrup
- Team PhyPA, Biological Psychology and Neuroergonomics, Berlin Institute of TechnologyBerlin, Germany
| | - Augustin Kelava
- LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany.,Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Gramann
- Biological Psychology and Neuroergonomics, Berlin Institute of TechnologyBerlin, Germany.,Center for Advanced Neurological Engineering, University of California, San DiegoLa Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Peter Gerjets
- LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, University of TübingenTübingen, Germany
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9
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Blanchette I, Marzouki Y, Claidière N, Gullstrand J, Fagot J. Emotion-Cognition Interaction in Nonhuman Primates: Cognitive Avoidance of Negative Stimuli in Baboons (Papio papio). Psychol Sci 2017; 28:3-11. [PMID: 28078977 DOI: 10.1177/0956797616671557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that emotion and cognition interact in humans, but such an interaction has not been extensively studied in nonhuman primates. We investigated whether emotional value can affect nonhuman primates' processing of stimuli that are only mentally represented, not visually available. In a short-term memory task, baboons memorized the location of two target squares of the same color, which were presented with a distractor of a different color. Through prior long-term conditioning, one of the two colors had acquired a negative valence. Subjects were slower and less accurate on the memory task when the targets were negative than when they were neutral. In contrast, subjects were faster and more accurate when the distractors were negative than when they were neutral. Some of these effects were modulated by individual differences in emotional disposition. Overall, the results reveal a pattern of cognitive avoidance of negative stimuli, and show that emotional value alters cognitive processing in baboons even when the stimuli are not physically present. This suggests that emotional influences on cognition are deeply rooted in evolutionary continuity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yousri Marzouki
- 2 LPC UMR 7290, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université.,3 Department of Social Sciences, Qatar University
| | | | | | - Joël Fagot
- 2 LPC UMR 7290, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université
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10
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Badzakova-Trajkov G, Corballis M, Häberling I. Complementarity or independence of hemispheric specializations? A brief review. Neuropsychologia 2016; 93:386-393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Lupo M, Troisi E, Chiricozzi FR, Clausi S, Molinari M, Leggio M. Inability to Process Negative Emotions in Cerebellar Damage: a Functional Transcranial Doppler Sonographic Study. THE CEREBELLUM 2016; 14:663-9. [PMID: 25784354 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-015-0662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have implicated the cerebellum as part of a circuitry that is necessary to modulate higher order and behaviorally relevant information in emotional domains. However, little is known about the relationship between the cerebellum and emotional processing. This study examined cerebellar function specifically in the processing of negative emotions. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography was performed to detect selective changes in middle cerebral artery flow velocity during emotional stimulation in patients affected by focal or degenerative cerebellar lesions and in matched healthy subjects. Changes in flow velocity during non-emotional (motor and cognitive tasks) and emotional (relaxing and negative stimuli) conditions were recorded. In the present study, we found that during negative emotional task, the hemodynamic pattern of the cerebellar patients was significantly different to that of controls. Indeed, whereas relaxing stimuli did not elicit an increase in mean flow velocity in any group, negative stimuli increased the mean flow velocity in the right compared with left middle cerebral artery only in the control group. The patterns by which mean flow velocity increased during the motor and cognitive tasks were similar within patients and controls. These findings support that the cerebellum is part of a network that gives meaning to external stimuli, and this particular involvement in processing negative emotional stimuli corroborates earlier phylogenetic hypotheses, for which the cerebellum is part of an older circuit in which negative emotions are crucial for survival and prepare the organism for rapid defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Lupo
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Elio Troisi
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca R Chiricozzi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Clausi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Molinari
- Neurological and Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Department A, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Leggio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy. .,Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179, Rome, Italy.
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12
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Molavi M, Yunus J, Utama NP. The effect of Ramadan fasting on spatial attention through emotional stimuli. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2016; 9:105-14. [PMID: 27307772 PMCID: PMC4889098 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting can influence psychological and mental states. In the current study, the effect of periodical fasting on the process of emotion through gazed facial expression as a realistic multisource of social information was investigated for the first time. The dynamic cue-target task was applied via behavior and event-related potential measurements for 40 participants to reveal the temporal and spatial brain activities – before, during, and after fasting periods. The significance of fasting included several effects. The amplitude of the N1 component decreased over the centroparietal scalp during fasting. Furthermore, the reaction time during the fasting period decreased. The self-measurement of deficit arousal as well as the mood increased during the fasting period. There was a significant contralateral alteration of P1 over occipital area for the happy facial expression stimuli. The significant effect of gazed expression and its interaction with the emotional stimuli was indicated by the amplitude of N1. Furthermore, the findings of the study approved the validity effect as a congruency between gaze and target position, as indicated by the increment of P3 amplitude over centroparietal area as well as slower reaction time from behavioral response data during incongruency or invalid condition between gaze and target position compared with those during valid condition. Results of this study proved that attention to facial expression stimuli as a kind of communicative social signal was affected by fasting. Also, fasting improved the mood of practitioners. Moreover, findings from the behavioral and event-related potential data analyses indicated that the neural dynamics of facial emotion are processed faster than that of gazing, as the participants tended to react faster and prefer to relay on the type of facial emotions than to gaze direction while doing the task. Because of happy facial expression stimuli, right hemisphere activation was more than that of the left hemisphere. It indicated the consistency of the emotional lateralization concept rather than the valence concept of emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziyar Molavi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering (FBME), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Jasmy Yunus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering (FBME), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nugraha P Utama
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering (FBME), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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13
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Mixed saccadic paradigm releases top-down emotional interference in antisaccade and prosaccade trials. Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:2915-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Berčík J, Horská E, Wang RWY, Chen YC. The impact of parameters of store illumination on food shopper response. Appetite 2016; 106:101-9. [PMID: 27083127 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Customer behavior in sales areas is strongly influenced by the perception of surroundings and feelings of well-being. By using dynamic retail solutions of basic, accent and dramatic lighting it is possible to attract attention, create a unique in-store environment and give customers a reason to stay and return to the store. The simplest and also the most successful method to reach customer attention in food selection (buying) process is through eye-catchingly illuminated visuals of products. Visual senses has evolved to top ranks in the sensory hierarchy, therefore visual stimuli have a tendency to overcome all other senses. The paper deals with a comprehensive interdisciplinary research of the influence of light and color on the emotional state of consumers (valence) on the food market. It integrates the measurement of light intensity, color temperature or emitted color spectrum in grocery stores, recognition of emotional response and the time of its occurrence among respondents due to different lighting types and color in simulated laboratory conditions. The research is focused on accent lighting in the segment of fresh unpackaged food. Using a mobile 16-channel electroencephalograph (EEG equipment) from EPOC company and a mini camera we observed the response time and the emotional status (valence), in order to reveal true consumer preferences in different lighting conditions (color temperature and color rendering index) and their non-traditional color (yellow, purple, red, blue and green) for the selected food type. The paper suggests possibilities for rational combination of the effective, efficient and energy-saving accent lighting, by which the retailer can achieve not only an eye-catching and attractive presentation of merchandised products, but also significant savings within operating their stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Berčík
- Department of Marketing and Trade, Faculty of Economics and Management, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Elena Horská
- Department of Marketing and Trade, Faculty of Economics and Management, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Regina W Y Wang
- Department of Industrial and Communication Design, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., 106 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Department of Industrial and Communication Design, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., 106 Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Ocklenburg S, Arning L, Gerding WM, Hengstler JG, Epplen JT, Güntürkün O, Beste C, Akkad DA. Left-Right Axis Differentiation and Functional Lateralization: a Haplotype in the Methyltransferase Encoding Gene SETDB2 Might Mediate Handedness in Healthy Adults. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6355-6361. [PMID: 26572639 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Handedness is a multifactorial trait, and genes contributing to the differentiation of the left-right axis during embryogenesis have been identified as a major gene group associated with this trait. The methyltransferase SETDB2 (SET domain, bifurcated 2) has been shown to regulate structural left-right asymmetry in the vertebrate central nervous system by suppressing fgf8 expression. Here, we investigated the relation of genetic variation in SETDB2-and its paralogue SETDB1-with different handedness phenotypes in 950 healthy adult participants. We identified a haplotype on SETDB2 for which homozygous individuals showed a significantly lower lateralization quotient for handedness than the rest of the cohort after correction for multiple comparisons. Moreover, direction of handedness was significantly associated with genetic variation in this haplotype. This effect was mainly, but not exclusively, driven by the sequence variation rs4942830, as individuals homozygous for the A allele of this single nucleotide polymorphism had a significantly lower lateralization quotient than individuals with at least one T allele. These findings further confirm a role of genetic pathways relevant for structural left-right axis differentiation for functional lateralization. Moreover, as the protein encoded by SETDB2 regulates gene expression epigenetically by histone H3 methylation, our findings highlight the importance of investigating the role of epigenetic modulations of gene expression in relation to handedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Larissa Arning
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wanda M Gerding
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jörg T Epplen
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, 44780, Bochum, Germany
- Faculty of Health, University Witten-Herdecke, 58448, Witten, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis A Akkad
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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16
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Theofanopoulou C. Brain asymmetry in the white matter making and globularity. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1355. [PMID: 26441731 PMCID: PMC4564653 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies from the field of language genetics and evolutionary anthropology have put forward the hypothesis that the emergence of our species-specific brain is to be understood not in terms of size, but in light of developmental changes that gave rise to a more globular braincase configuration after the split from Neanderthals-Denisovans. On the grounds that (i) white matter myelination is delayed relative to other brain structures and, in humans, is protracted compared with other primates and that (ii) neural connectivity is linked genetically to our brain/skull morphology and language-ready brain, I argue that one significant evolutionary change in Homo sapiens' lineage is the interhemispheric connectivity mediated by the Corpus Callosum. The size, myelination and fiber caliber of the Corpus Callosum present an anterior-to-posterior increase, in a way that inter-hemispheric connectivity is more prominent in the sensory motor areas, whereas "high- order" areas are more intra-hemispherically connected. Building on evidence from language-processing studies that account for this asymmetry ('lateralization') in terms of brain rhythms, I present an evo-devo hypothesis according to which the myelination of the Corpus Callosum, Brain Asymmetry, and Globularity are conjectured to make up the angles of a co-evolutionary triangle that gave rise to our language-ready brain.
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17
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Gregor S, Lin ACH, Gedeon T, Riaz A, Zhu D. Neuroscience and a Nomological Network for the Understanding and Assessment of Emotions in Information Systems Research. J MANAGE INFORM SYST 2014. [DOI: 10.2753/mis0742-1222300402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Gregor
- a National Centre for Information Systems Research, Australian National University
| | - Aleck C. H. Lin
- b Department of Arts and Creative Industries, National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan
| | - Tom Gedeon
- c Information and Human Centred Computing (iHcc) Research Group of the Research School of Computer Science, Australian National University
| | | | - Dingyun Zhu
- e Research School of Computer Science, Australian National University
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18
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Laham SM, Kashima Y, Dix J, Wheeler M. A meta-analysis of the facilitation of arm flexion and extension movements as a function of stimulus valence. Cogn Emot 2014; 29:1069-90. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2014.968096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon M. Laham
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yoshihisa Kashima
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer Dix
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa Wheeler
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Ocklenburg S, Hirnstein M, Beste C, Güntürkün O. Lateralization and cognitive systems. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1143. [PMID: 25339936 PMCID: PMC4189433 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Marco Hirnstein
- Bergen fMRI Group, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum Bochum, Germany
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20
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Forrester GS, Pegler R, Thomas MS, Mareschal D. Handedness as a marker of cerebral lateralization in children with and without autism. Behav Brain Res 2014; 268:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Phaf RH, Mohr SE, Rotteveel M, Wicherts JM. Approach, avoidance, and affect: a meta-analysis of approach-avoidance tendencies in manual reaction time tasks. Front Psychol 2014; 5:378. [PMID: 24847292 PMCID: PMC4021119 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Approach action tendencies toward positive stimuli and avoidance tendencies from negative stimuli are widely seen to foster survival. Many studies have shown that approach and avoidance arm movements are facilitated by positive and negative affect, respectively. There is considerable debate whether positively and negatively valenced stimuli prime approach and avoidance movements directly (i.e., immediate, unintentional, implicit, automatic, and stimulus-based), or indirectly (i.e., after conscious or non-conscious interpretation of the situation). The direction and size of these effects were often found to depend on the instructions referring to the stimulus object or the self, and on explicit vs. implicit stimulus evaluation. We present a meta-analysis of 29 studies included for their use of strongly positive and negative stimuli, with 81 effect sizes derived solely from the means and standard deviations (combined N = 1538), to examine the automaticity of the link between affective information processing and approach and avoidance, and to test whether it depends on instruction, type of approach-avoidance task, and stimulus type. Results show a significant small to medium-sized effect after correction for publication bias. The strongest arguments for an indirect link between affect and approach-avoidance were the absence of evidence for an effect with implicit evaluation, and the opposite directions of the effect with self and object-related interpretations. The link appears to be influenced by conscious or non-conscious intentions to deal with affective stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hans Phaf
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Brain and Cognition Program, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sören E Mohr
- Brain and Cognition Program, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mark Rotteveel
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Social Psychology Program, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jelte M Wicherts
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University Tilburg, Netherlands
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22
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Shobe ER. Independent and collaborative contributions of the cerebral hemispheres to emotional processing. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:230. [PMID: 24795597 PMCID: PMC4001044 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Presented is a model suggesting that the right hemisphere (RH) directly mediates the identification and comprehension of positive and negative emotional stimuli, whereas the left hemisphere (LH) contributes to higher level processing of emotional information that has been shared via the corpus callosum. RH subcortical connections provide initial processing of emotional stimuli, and their innervation to cortical structures provides a secondary pathway by which the hemispheres process emotional information more fully. It is suggested that the LH contribution to emotion processing is in emotional regulation, social well-being, and adaptation, and transforming the RH emotional experience into propositional and verbal codes. Lastly, it is proposed that the LH has little ability at the level of emotion identification, having a default positive bias and no ability to identify a stimulus as negative. Instead, the LH must rely on the transfer of emotional information from the RH to engage higher-order emotional processing. As such, either hemisphere can identify positive emotions, but they must collaborate for complete processing of negative emotions. Evidence presented draws from behavioral, neurological, and clinical research, including discussions of subcortical and cortical pathways, callosal agenesis, commissurotomy, emotion regulation, mood disorders, interpersonal interaction, language, and handedness. Directions for future research are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Shobe
- Department of Psychology, The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, Galloway, NJ, USA
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23
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Komeilipoor N, Pizzolato F, Daffertshofer A, Cesari P. Excitability of motor cortices as a function of emotional sounds. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63060. [PMID: 23667574 PMCID: PMC3646985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to clarify how non-verbal emotionally-characterized sounds modulate the excitability of the corticospinal motor tract (CST). While subjects were listening to sounds (monaurally and binaurally), single TMS pulses were delivered to either left or right primary motor cortex (M1), and electromyographic activities were recorded from the contralateral abductor pollicis brevis muscle. We found a significant increase in CST excitability in response to unpleasant as compared to neutral sounds. The increased excitability was lateralized as a function of stimulus valence: Unpleasant stimuli resulted in a significantly higher facilitation of motor potentials evoked in the left hemisphere, while pleasant stimuli yielded a greater CST excitability in the right one. Furthermore, TMS induced higher motor evoked potentials when listening to unpleasant sounds with the left than with the right ear. Taken together, our findings provide compelling evidence for an asymmetric modulation of CST excitability as a function of emotional sounds along with ear laterality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Komeilipoor
- Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- MOVE Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Pizzolato
- Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andreas Daffertshofer
- MOVE Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Cesari
- Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- * E-mail:
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24
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Ocklenburg S, Güntürkün O. Hemispheric asymmetries: the comparative view. Front Psychol 2012; 3:5. [PMID: 22303295 PMCID: PMC3266613 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemispheric asymmetries play an important role in almost all cognitive functions. For more than a century, they were considered to be uniquely human but now an increasing number of findings in all vertebrate classes make it likely that we inherited our asymmetries from common ancestors. Thus, studying animal models could provide unique insights into the mechanisms of lateralization. We outline three such avenues of research by providing an overview of experiments on left-right differences in the connectivity of sensory systems, the embryonic determinants of brain asymmetries, and the genetics of lateralization. All these lines of studies could provide a wealth of insights into our own asymmetries that should and will be exploited by future analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr-University BochumBochum, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr-University BochumBochum, Germany
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