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Wang J, Lin J, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Xu X, Guo J. Effect of Annexin A2 on prognosis and sensitivity to immune checkpoint plus tyrosine kinase inhibition in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:86. [PMID: 38519766 PMCID: PMC10959890 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy (IO) plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy is the first-line recommendation for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but no biomarker has been approved for it. Annexin A2 (ANXA2) can induce immune escape in tumors. METHODS Two independent cohorts of advanced RCC treated by IO + TKI were utilized for survival analysis (ZS-MRCC, n = 45; Javelin-101, n = 726). ANXA2 expression was determined by RNA-sequencing. The impact of ANXA2 on the tumor microenvironment was assessed by RNA-sequencing, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry in two localized RCC datasets (ZS-HRRCC, n = 40; TCGA-KIRC, n = 530). RESULTS ANXA2 was upregulated in non-responders of IO + TKI therapy (p = 0.027). High-ANXA2 group showed poor progression-free survival (PFS) in both the ZS-MRCC cohort (HR, 2.348; 95% CI 1.084-5.085; P = 0.025) and the Javelin-101 cohort (HR, 1.472; 95% CI 1.043-2.077; P = 0.027). Multivariate Cox regression determined ANXA2 as an independent prognostic factor (HR, 2.619; 95% CI 1.194-5.746; P = 0.016). High-ANXA2 was correlated with decreased proportion of granzyme B+ CD8+ T cells (Spearman's ρ = - 0.40, P = 0.01), and increased TIM-3+ (Spearman's ρ = 0.43, P < 0.001) and CTLA4+ (Spearman's ρ = 0.49, P < 0.001) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. A random forest (RF) score was further build by integrating ANXA2 and immune genes, which stratified patients who would benefit from IO + TKI therapy (low-RF score, IO + TKI vs TKI, HR = 0.453, 95% CI 0.328-0.626; high-RF score, IO + TKI vs TKI, HR = 0.877, 95% CI 0.661-1.165; interaction P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Upregulated ANXA2 was associated with poor PFS and therapeutic resistance in RCC treated by IO + TKI therapy, and related with T cell exhaustion. The integrated RF score could stratify patients who would benefit from IO + TKI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinglai Lin
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanjun Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xianglai Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Lei J, Sun P, Sheng J, Wang H, Xie Y, Song J. The intricate role of annexin A2 in kidney: a comprehensive review. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2273427. [PMID: 37955107 PMCID: PMC10653649 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2273427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin A2 (Anxa2) is a calcium (Ca2+)-regulated phospholipid binding protein composed of a variable N-terminus and a conserved core domain. This protein has been widely found in many tissues and fluids, including tubule cells, glomerular epithelial cells, renal vessels, and urine. In acute kidney injury, the expression level of this protein is markedly elevated in response to acute stress. Moreover, Anxa2 is a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target with prognostic value in chronic kidney disease. In addition, Anxa2 is associated not only with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma differentiation but also the formation of calcium-related nephrolithiasis. In this review, we discuss the characteristics and functions of Anxa2 and focus on recent reports on the role of Anxa2 in the kidney, which may be useful for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lei
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Sheng
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hongri Wang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Xie
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jiayu Song
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Wang LH, Cao B, Li YL, Qiao BP. Potential prognostic and therapeutic value of ANXA8 in renal cell carcinoma: based on the comprehensive analysis of annexins family. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:674. [PMID: 37464398 PMCID: PMC10355003 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annexins are a family of proteins involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as inflammation, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration and membrane repair. However, the role of most Annexins in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remained unclear. METHODS The differentially expressed Annexins in RCC compared with normal controls were screened applying the TCGA database. The correlation of differentially expressed Annexins with clinical stages, grades and overall survival was analyzed to explore the clinical significance of Annexins in RCC. Then ANXA8 was selected and further stained in the discover and validation RCC cohort. The correlation of ANXA8 expression with clinical parameter was verified at the protein level. To explore the potential function of ANXA8, ANXA8 was knockdown in the RCC cell line and further analyzed using transcriptome and bioinformatic analysis. RESULTS mRNA expression of ANXA1, ANXA2R, ANXA4, ANXA8, ANXA8L1 and ANXA13 were significantly upregulated in RCC compared with normal kidney tissues. In contrast, ANXA3 and ANXA9 mRNA expression was significantly downregulated. Higher expression of ANXA2R, ANXA8 and ANXA8L1 were correlated with worse overall survival, while lower expression of ANXA3, ANXA9 and ANXA13 were associated with worse clinical outcomes in RCC patients. We further demonstrated that ANXA8 expression was significantly increased in RCC compared with normal renal tissues at the protein level. And higher protein expression of ANXA8 was associated with higher clinical grades. Through the bioinformatics analysis and cell cycle analysis, we found knockdown of ANXA8 mainly influenced the cell cycle and DNA replication. The top ten hub genes consist of CDC6, CDK2, CHEK1, CCNB1, ORC1, CHEK2, MCM7, CDK1, PCNA and MCM3. CONCLUSIONS Multiple members of Annexins were abnormally expressed and associated with the prognosis of RCC. The expression of ANXA8 was significantly increased in RCC and associated with poor prognosis. ANXA8 might influence the cell cycle and could be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hui Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yun-Long Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Bao-Ping Qiao
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
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Lin L, Hu K. Annexin A2 and Kidney Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:974381. [PMID: 36120574 PMCID: PMC9478026 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.974381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A2 is a Ca2+- and phospholipid-binding protein which is widely expressed in various types of cells and tissues. As a multifunctional molecule, annexin A2 is found to be involved in diverse cell functions and processes, such as cell exocytosis, endocytosis, migration and proliferation. As a receptor of plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator, annexin A2 promotes plasmin generation and regulates the homeostasis of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and matrix degradation. As an antigen expressed on cell membranes, annexin A2 initiates local inflammation and damage through binding to auto-antibodies. Annexin A2 also mediates multiple signaling pathways induced by various growth factors and oxidative stress. Aberrant expression of annexin A2 has been found in numerous kidney diseases. Annexin A2 has been shown to act as a co-receptor of integrin CD11b mediating NF-kB-dependent kidney inflammation, which is further amplified through annexin A2/NF-kB-triggered macrophage M2 to M1 phenotypic change. It also modulates podocyte cytoskeleton rearrangement through Cdc42 and Rac1/2/3 Rho pathway causing proteinuria. Thus, annexin A2 is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of various kidney diseases. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the role of annexin A2 in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lin
- *Correspondence: Ling Lin, ; Kebin Hu,
| | - Kebin Hu
- *Correspondence: Ling Lin, ; Kebin Hu,
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Curcumin encapsulation in functional PLGA nanoparticles: A promising strategy for cancer therapies. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 300:102582. [PMID: 34953375 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have emerged as promising drug delivery systems for the treatment of several diseases. Novel cancer therapies have exploited these particles as alternative adjuvant therapies to overcome the traditional limitations of radio and chemotherapy. Curcumin is a natural bioactive compound found in turmeric, that has been reported to show anticancer activity against several types of tumors. Despite some biological limitations regarding its absorption in the human body, curcumin encapsulation in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), a non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, represents an effective strategy to deliver a drug to a tumor site. Furthermore, PLGA nanoparticles can be engineered with targeting moieties to reach specific cancer cells, thus enhancing the antitumor effects of curcumin. We herein aim to bring an up-to-date summary of the recently developed strategies for curcumin delivery to different types of cancer cells through encapsulation in PLGA nanoparticles, correlating their effects with those of curcumin on the biological capabilities acquired by cancer cells (cancer hallmarks). We discuss the targeting strategies proposed for advanced curcumin delivery and the respective improvements achieved for each cancer cell analyzed, in addition to exploring the encapsulation techniques employed. The conjugation of correct encapsulation techniques with tumor-oriented targeting design can result in curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles that can successfully integrate the elaborate network of development of alternative cancer treatments along with traditional ones. Finally, the current challenges and future demands to launch these nanoparticles in oncology are comprehensively examined.
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Plasma membrane integrity in health and disease: significance and therapeutic potential. Cell Discov 2021; 7:4. [PMID: 33462191 PMCID: PMC7813858 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-020-00233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of plasma membrane integrity is essential for normal cell viability and function. Thus, robust membrane repair mechanisms have evolved to counteract the eminent threat of a torn plasma membrane. Different repair mechanisms and the bio-physical parameters required for efficient repair are now emerging from different research groups. However, less is known about when these mechanisms come into play. This review focuses on the existence of membrane disruptions and repair mechanisms in both physiological and pathological conditions, and across multiple cell types, albeit to different degrees. Fundamentally, irrespective of the source of membrane disruption, aberrant calcium influx is the common stimulus that activates the membrane repair response. Inadequate repair responses can tip the balance between physiology and pathology, highlighting the significance of plasma membrane integrity. For example, an over-activated repair response can promote cancer invasion, while the inability to efficiently repair membrane can drive neurodegeneration and muscular dystrophies. The interdisciplinary view explored here emphasises the widespread potential of targeting plasma membrane repair mechanisms for therapeutic purposes.
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Sharma MC, Jain D. Important role of annexin A2 (ANXA2) in new blood vessel development in vivo and human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) growth. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 116:104523. [PMID: 32866522 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Development of new blood vessels in the tumor microenvironment is an essential component of tumor progression during which newly formed blood vessels nourish tumor cells and play a critical role in rapid tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Nevertheless, how tumor cells develop new blood vessels in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been enigmatic. Previously, we have shown specific overexpression of ANX A2 in TNBC cells regulates plasmin generation and suspected a role in neoangiogenesis. In this report, we used Matrigel plug model of in vivo angiogenesis and confirmed its role in new blood vessel development. Next, we tested if blocking of ANX A2 in aggressive human breast TME can inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. We showed that aggressive human breast tumor cells growing in nude mice can induce intense neoangiogenesis in the tumor mass. Blocking of ANXA2 significantly inhibited neoangiogenesis and resulted in inhibition of tumor growth. Interestingly, we identified that blocking of ANXA2 significantly inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation (Tyr-P) of ANXA2 implying its involvement in tyrosine signaling pathway and suggesting it may regulate angiogenesis. Taken together, our experimental evidence suggests that ANX A2 could be a novel strategy for disruption of tyrosine signaling and inhibition of neoangiogenesis in breast tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh C Sharma
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC 20422, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America.
| | - Diwakar Jain
- Westchester Medical Center, NY 10595, United States of America
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8
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Annexin A2 in Inflammation and Host Defense. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061499. [PMID: 32575495 PMCID: PMC7348701 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is a multifunctional calcium2+ (Ca2+) and phospholipid-binding protein that is expressed in a wide spectrum of cells, including those participating in the inflammatory response. In acute inflammation, the interaction of AnxA2 with actin and adherens junction VE-cadherins underlies its role in regulating vascular integrity. In addition, its contribution to endosomal membrane repair impacts several aspects of inflammatory regulation, including lysosome repair, which regulates inflammasome activation, and autophagosome biogenesis, which is essential for macroautophagy. On the other hand, AnxA2 may be co-opted to promote adhesion, entry, and propagation of bacteria or viruses into host cells. In the later stages of acute inflammation, AnxA2 contributes to the initiation of angiogenesis, which promotes tissue repair, but, when dysregulated, may also accompany chronic inflammation. AnxA2 is overexpressed in malignancies, such as breast cancer and glioblastoma, and likely contributes to cancer progression in the context of an inflammatory microenvironment. We conclude that annexin AnxA2 normally fulfills a spectrum of anti-inflammatory functions in the setting of both acute and chronic inflammation but may contribute to disease states in settings of disordered homeostasis.
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9
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Sharma MC. Annexin A2 (ANX A2): An emerging biomarker and potential therapeutic target for aggressive cancers. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:2074-2081. [PMID: 30125343 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ANX A2 is an important member of annexin family of proteins expressed on surface of endothelial cells (ECs), macrophages, mononuclear cells and various types of cancer cells. It exhibits high affinity binding for calcium (Ca++ ) and phospholipids. ANX A2 plays an important role in many biological processes such as endocytosis, exocytosis, autophagy, cell-cell communications and biochemical activation of plasminogen. On the cell surface ANX A2 organizes the assembly of plasminogen (PLG) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for efficient conversion of PLG to plasmin, a serine protease. Proteolytic activity of plasmin is required for activation of inactive pro-metalloproteases (pro-MMPs) and latent growth factors for their biological actions. These activation steps are critical for degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement proteins (BM) for cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Increased expression of ANX A2 protein/gene has been correlated with invasion and metastasis in a variety of human cancers. Moreover, clinical studies have positively correlated ANX A2 protein expression with aggressive cancers and with resistance to anticancer drugs, shorter disease-free survival (DFS), and worse overall survival (OS). The mechanism(s) by which ANX A2 regulates cancer invasion and metastasis are beginning to emerge. Investigators used various technologies to target ANX A2 in preclinical model of human cancers and demonstrated exciting results. In this review article, we analyzed existing literature concurrent with our own findings and provided a critical overview of ANX A2-dependent mechanism(s) of cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh C Sharma
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC
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10
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Zhao S, Su G, Yang W, Yue P, Bai B, Lin Y, Zhang J, Ba Y, Luo Z, Liu X, Zhao L, Xie Y, Xu Y, Li S, Meng W, Xie X, Li X. Identification and Comparison of Differentiation-Related Proteins in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tissues by Proteomics. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2017; 16:1092-1101. [PMID: 29332450 PMCID: PMC5762076 DOI: 10.1177/1533034617732426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Histological differentiation is a major pathological criterion indicating the risk of tumor invasion and metastasis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The degree of tumor differentiation is controlled by a complex interacting network of associated proteins. The principal aim of the present study is to identify the possible differentiation-related proteins which may be used for early diagnosis and more effective therapies. We compared poorly differentiated and well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma tissues by using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Among the 11 identified protein spots, 6 were found to be upregulated in poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and 5 were correspondingly downregulated. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 106 hepatocellular carcinoma tissues to confirm the results of the proteomic analysis. By using bioinformatic tools GO and STRING, these proteins were found to be related to catalytic activity, binding, and antioxidant activity. In particular, our data suggest that overexpression of peroxiredoxin-2, annexin A2, and heat shock protein β-1 was correlated with tumor invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis, and therefore, these proteins may serve as potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhao
- 1 Special Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,2 Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,3 Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,4 Department of General Surgery, Petrochemical General Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Gang Su
- 5 Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenke Yang
- 5 Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ping Yue
- 1 Special Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,2 Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,3 Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bing Bai
- 1 Special Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,2 Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,3 Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yanyan Lin
- 1 Special Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,2 Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,3 Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinduo Zhang
- 1 Special Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,2 Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,3 Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yongjiang Ba
- 1 Special Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,2 Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,3 Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- 1 Special Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,2 Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,3 Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- 4 Department of General Surgery, Petrochemical General Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- 6 The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yi Xie
- 6 The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yaowei Xu
- 6 The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shuo Li
- 1 Special Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenbo Meng
- 1 Special Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,2 Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,3 Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- 5 Institute of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xun Li
- 1 Special Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,2 Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Clinical Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,3 Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,7 The Second Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Lu L, Qi H, Zhu J, Sun WX, Zhang B, Tang CY, Cheng Q. Vascular-homing peptides for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:187-195. [PMID: 28544932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past 30 years, a variety of phage libraries have been extensively utilized to identify and develop tumor homing peptides (THPs). THPs specifically bind to tumor cells or elements of the tumor microenvironment while no or low affinity to normal cells. In this regard, the efficacy of therapeutic agents in cancer therapy can be enhanced by targeting strategies based on coupling with THPs that recognize receptors expressed by tumor cells or tumor vasculature. Especially, vascular-homing peptides, targeting tumor vasculature, have their receptors expressed on or around the blood vessel including pro-angiogenic factors, metalloproteinase, integrins, fibrin-fibronectin complexes, etc. This review briefly summarizes recent studies on identification and therapeutic applications of vascular-homing peptides targeting common angiogenic markers or with unknown vascular targets in some certain types of cancers. These newly discovered vascular-homing peptides are promising candidates which could provide novel strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lu
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, PR China; Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China.
| | - Huan Qi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wen Xia Sun
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chun Yan Tang
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, PR China.
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Downregulation of a novel long non-coding RNA, LOC389332, is associated with poor prognosis and tumor progression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1137-1142. [PMID: 28450954 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that various long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may have key roles in various types of cancer. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of all RCCs, accounting for 70-80% of all cases. The present study identified a novel lncRNA and investigated its clinical significance and physiological function in ccRCC. The expression pattern of the novel lncRNA LOC389332 in 30 ccRCC tissue samples was examined using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that LOC389332 expression was markedly lower in ccRCC tissues compared with that in matched adjacent non-tumor tissues. Of note, downregulation of LOC389332 expression was significantly associated with the tumor American Joint Commission on Cancer stage (P=0.001), Fuhrman grade (P=0.001) and lymph node metastasis (P<0.001). Furthermore, patients with ccRCC with lower levels of LOC389332 expression had a shorter overall survival time than those with higher LOC389332 expression. A gain-of-function study was used to evaluate the biological function of LOC389332 in ccRCC and the results suggested that restoration of LOC389332 expression inhibited the growth and migration of the 786-O and 769-P cell lines. Therefore, the results of the present study demonstrated that LOC389332 is a novel lncRNA involved in ccRCC progression and may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Ectopic overexpression of LOC389332 may represent a therapeutic strategy for ccRCC.
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13
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Vtorushin SV, Tarakanova VO, Zavyalova MV. [Molecular biological predictors for kidney cancer]. Arkh Patol 2016; 78:56-61. [PMID: 27077146 DOI: 10.17116/patol201678156-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The paper considers the data available in the modern literature on studies of potential molecular predictors for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Investigations of cell death markers, namely; Bcl-2 as an inhibitor of apoptosis, are of interest. Its high expression correlates with a more favorable prognosis. Inactivation of Berclin 1 that is an authophagy indicator in intact tissues gives rise to t high risk for tumorigenesis. At the same time, high Beclin 1 expression in the tissue of the tumor itself results in the lower efficiency of performed chemotherapy. Excess annexin A2 in the tumor promotes the growth and invasion of cancer cells. Patients with tumor over-expression of SAM68 protein involved in cell proliferation have a lower overall survival rate. The lifespan of patients without distinct metastases survive significantly longer in the overexpression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). High PD-L1 protein expression on the cell membrane is considered to be a potential marker of effective immunotherapy for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Vtorushin
- Tomsk Cancer Research Institute; Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V O Tarakanova
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M V Zavyalova
- Tomsk Cancer Research Institute; Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk, Russia
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14
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Zhang H, Yao M, Wu W, Qiu L, Sai W, Yang J, Zheng W, Huang J, Yao D. Up-regulation of annexin A2 expression predicates advanced clinicopathological features and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9373-83. [PMID: 26109000 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic annexin A2 (ANXA2) orchestrates multiple biologic processes and clinical symptoms and plays a key role in development, metastasis, and drug resistance of lethal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the prognostic significance of ANXA2 for HCC has not been elucidated up to now. In this study, ANXA2 was frequently found to be up-regulated in HCC tissues compared with benign liver disease (BLD) tissues, which was consistent with the results in serum samples and tissue specimens of patients with HCC. Furthermore, ANXA2 expression was significantly correlated with differentiated degree, intrahepatic metastasis, portal vein thrombus, and tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging. More importantly, increased ANXA2 level was first confirmed to be closely associated with shortened overall survival of HCC (χ (2) = 12.872, P = 0.005) and identified as an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 1.338, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.013 ~ 1.766, P = 0.040), suggesting that ANXA2 up-regulation might represent an acquired metastasis phenotype of HCC, help to screen out high-risk population for HCC, or more effectively treat a subset of postsurgical HCC patients positive for ANXA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Zhang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 West Temple Road, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 West Temple Road, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Liwei Qiu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 West Temple Road, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Wenli Sai
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 West Temple Road, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Junling Yang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 West Temple Road, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 West Temple Road, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Jianfei Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Dengfu Yao
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 West Temple Road, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
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15
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Onishi M, Ichikawa T, Kurozumi K, Inoue S, Maruo T, Otani Y, Fujii K, Ishida J, Shimazu Y, Yoshida K, Michiue H, Antonio Chiocca E, Date I. Annexin A2 regulates angiogenesis and invasion phenotypes of malignant glioma. Brain Tumor Pathol 2015; 32:184-94. [PMID: 25697644 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-015-0216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We have established a pair of animal models (J3T-1 and J3T-2) with different invasive and angiogenic phenotypes, and demonstrated that annexin A2 is expressed at higher levels in J3T-1 than J3T-2 cells. The function of annexin A2 in relation to angiogenesis and invasion was investigated using these models. Stable silencing or overexpression of annexin A2 in J3T-1 and J3T-2 cells (J3T-1shA and J3T-2A cells) was established and used. Thirty human glioblastoma samples were evaluated for expression of annexin A2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Immunohistochemical and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed higher expression of annexin A2, VEGF and PDGF in J3T-1 and J3T-2A cells. Cultured J3T-1 and J3T-2A cells exhibited higher adhesive ability to endothelial cells. Histopathological analysis of animal brain tumors revealed that J3T-1 and J3T-2A tumors displayed marked angiogenesis and invasion along the neovasculature, whereas J3T-2 and J3T-1shA tumors exhibited diffuse, infiltrative invasion without angiogenesis. Positive expression of annexin A2 was observed in tumor cells surrounding dilated vessels in 25/30 human glioblastoma specimens. Our results reveal that the phenotype of glioma invasion is closely related to angiogenesis. We identify annexin A2 as a factor regulating angiogenesis and invasion of malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Onishi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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16
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Yang SF, Hsu HL, Chao TK, Hsiao CJ, Lin YF, Cheng CW. Annexin A2 in renal cell carcinoma: expression, function, and prognostic significance. Urol Oncol 2014; 33:22.e11-22.e21. [PMID: 25284003 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most lethal genitourinary cancer and intrinsically resistant to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormone therapy. Annexin A2 (Anxa2) is a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein found on various cell types that plays multiple roles in regulating cellular functions. In RCC, Anxa2 expression was correlated with tumor differentiation, clinical outcomes, and the metastatic potential; however, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. This study investigated the role of Anxa2 in regulating tumorigenesis of RCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Commercial RCC tissue microarray arrays and a kidney cancer quantitative polymerase chain reaction array were used to examine Anxa2 by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Short hairpin (sh)RNA-based lentiviral system technology was used to evaluate the effects of manipulating Anxa2 expression on multiple malignant features of 2 RCC cell lines, A498 and 786-O, and its mechanisms. RESULTS (1) The Anxa2 expression level was generally elevated to varying degrees in RCC tissues. In adjacent noncancerous tissues, Anxa2 was mainly expressed in glomeruli and slightly expressed in the cytoplasm of proximal tubules. (2) An increased Anxa2 expression level was found in tissues of clear cell RCC, papillary RCC, and chromophobe RCC, and it was prominently expressed in cancer cell membranes. In addition, the Anxa2 expression level was correlated with poor prognosis. (3) Silencing Anxa2 expression suppressed the abilities of cell migration and invasion, but cell proliferation was less affected. (4) Diminished Anxa2 expression caused alterations in the cell polarity, disrupted the formation of actin filaments, and reduced CXCR4 expression. (5) Inhibition of the Rho/Rock axis restored silencing of Anxa2-mediated suppression of cell motility. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study points out the regulatory function of Anxa2 in RCC cell motility and provides a molecular-based mechanism of Anxa2 positivity in the progression of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Lin Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Kuang Chao
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Feng Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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17
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Duan H, Chen L, Qu L, Yang H, Song SW, Han Y, Ye M, Chen W, He X, Shou C. Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection promotes NF-κB-dependent migration of gastric cancer cells. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5782-94. [PMID: 25136068 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infection of Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) has been postulated to be associated with several types of cancer, but its effect on patients' survival and host factors mediating its infection remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that M. hyorhinis p37 protein expression in gastric cancer tissues predicts poor survival and associates with metastasis. M. hyorhinis infects mammalian cells and promotes gastric cancer cell invasiveness via its membrane protein p37. Synthesized peptide corresponding to the N-terminus of p37 prevents M. hyorhinis infection. Host Annexin A2 (ANXA2) interacts with the N-terminus of p37. In addition, EGFR forms a complex with p37 and ANXA2, and is required for M. hyorhinis-induced phosphorylation and membrane recruitment of ANXA2. M. hyorhinis infection is inhibited by siRNA-mediated knockdown of ANXA2 or EGFR, but is enhanced by expression of ectopic ANXA2 or EGFR. Downstream of ANXA2 and EGFR, the NF-κB pathway is activated and mediates M. hyorhinis-driven cell migration. In conclusion, our study unveils the effect of M. hyorhinis infection on gastric cancer survival and uncovers the mechanisms by which M. hyorhinis infects mammalian cells and promotes cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Duan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Like Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Sonya Wei Song
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Han
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Meihua Ye
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanyuan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianglei He
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chengchao Shou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
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18
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Li X, Zheng S, Liu Q, Liu T, Liang M, Gao X, Lu M, Sheyhidin I, Lu X. Under-expression of annexin A2 is associated with Kazakh's esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:779-88. [PMID: 24668792 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify candidate biomarkers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Kazakh ethnic in Xinjiang as well as to reveal the potential role of Annexin A2 in ESCC carcinogenesis and progression. Five paired of Kazakh's ESCC tissues (T) and matched adjacent morphologically normal tissues (N) were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and differential proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Annexin A2 was identified as a down-regulated protein in Kazakh's ESCC and further validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 77 Kazakh's ESCC formalin-fixed paraffin-embeded (FFPE) samples. The expression level of Annexin A2 protein significantly correlated with the degree of ESCC differentiation and depth of invasion. For clarification of the role of Annexin A2 in regulating cell phenotype, in vitro eukaryotic expression vectors harboring full length Annexin A2 (pCMV-XL5-Annexin A2) was tranfected into Eca109 cells, and transfection effects were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis, respectively. Functionally, there was a significant decrease in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion capability in Eca109 with transfected pCMV-XL5-Annexin A2 compared to the controls. Furthermore, up-regulating Annexin A2 can significantly cause cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase, but no apoptosis was induced. Together, our findings suggested that Annexin A2 was involved in malignant phenotype and was a potential biomark for molecular classification in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Li
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China.,State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Shutao Zheng
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China.,State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China.,State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China.,State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Meng Liang
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China.,State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Xiangpeng Gao
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China.,State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Mang Lu
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China.,State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Ilyar Sheyhidin
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China.,State Key Lab Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China
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19
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Zhuang Q, Qian X, Cao Y, Fan M, Xu X, He X. Capn4 mRNA level is correlated with tumour progression and clinical outcome in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Int Med Res 2014; 42:282-91. [PMID: 24514433 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513505524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mRNA and protein levels of calpain small subunit-1 (Capn4) in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), to analyse the relationship between Capn4 mRNA level and pathological stage of ccRCC, and to examine the potential of Capn4 as a prognostic factor in ccRCC. METHODS mRNA and protein levels of Capn4 were measured in pairs of tumour tissues and matched adjacent nontumour tissue obtained from patients with ccRCC by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Associations of the mRNA level of Capn4 with pathological tumour stage and the overall survival of ccRCC patients were also analysed. RESULTS Capn4 mRNA and protein level were significantly higher in ccRCC tumour tissues compared with adjacent nontumour tissues as assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Higher Capn4 mRNA levels were observed in patients with more advanced pathological stage of ccRCC and were also associated with decreased overall survival of patients with ccRCC. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study indicate that Capn4 has the potential to be an independent prognostic indicator for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfeng Zhuang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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20
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Zhang W, Zhao P, Xu XL, Cai L, Song ZS, Cao DY, Tao KS, Zhou WP, Chen ZN, Dou KF. Annexin A2 promotes the migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro by regulating the shedding of CD147-harboring microvesicles from tumor cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67268. [PMID: 23950866 PMCID: PMC3741296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that Annexin A2 (ANXA2) is up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the roles of ANXA2 in the migration and invasion of HCC cells have not been determined. In this study, we found that ANXA2-specific siRNA (si-ANXA2) significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of HCC cells co-cultured with fibroblasts in vitro. In addition, the production of MMP-2 by fibroblasts cultured in supernatant collected from si-ANXA2-transfected HCC cells was notably down-regulated. ANXA2 was also found to be co-localized and co-immunoprecipitated with CD147. Further investigation revealed that the expression of ANXA2 in HCC cells affected the shedding of CD147-harboring membrane microvesicles, acting as a vehicle for CD147 in tumor-stromal interactions and thereby regulating the production of MMP-2 by fibroblasts. Together, these results suggest that ANXA2 enhances the migration and invasion potential of HCC cells in vitro by regulating the trafficking of CD147-harboring membrane microvesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Pu Zhao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, State Key Discipline of Cell University, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiu-Li Xu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine of People's Liberation Army, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhen-Shun Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Da-Yong Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kai-Shan Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wen-Ping Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- * E-mail: (WPZ); (ZNC); (KFD)
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, State Key Discipline of Cell University, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- * E-mail: (WPZ); (ZNC); (KFD)
| | - Ke-Feng Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- * E-mail: (WPZ); (ZNC); (KFD)
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21
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Yang T, Peng H, Wang J, Yang J, Nice EC, Xie K, Huang C. Prognostic and diagnostic significance of annexin A2 in colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2013; 15:e373-81. [PMID: 23489866 DOI: 10.1111/codi.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Annexin A2 (ANXA2) is known to be a tumourigenic molecule and is highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC). Its diagnostic and prognostic value is not fully understood. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between ANXA2 expression, clinicopathological characteristics, tumour recurrence and survival. METHOD Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate ANXA2 expression in 150 matched samples from patients with CRC. Overall survival and recurrence were determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine independent factors contributing to survival and recurrence. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and liner correlation analysis were used to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of ANXA2 expression for clinical diagnosis. RESULTS ANXA2 was found to be strongly expressed in poorly differentiated tumours (P < 0.001), late stage (P = 0.020) and lymph node positivity (P = 0.002). ANXA2 expression was significantly related to recurrence (P < 0.001) and survival (P = 0.002). The Cox proportional hazards model indicated that ANXA2 expression [P < 0.001, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.366, 95% CI 1.232-1.515] and tumour location (P = 0.039, HR = 1.891, 95% CI 1.034-3.456) were independent factors in predicting overall survival while ANXA2 expression (P < 0.001, HR = 1.445, 95% CI 1.222-1.709) were independent factors predicting recurrence. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) (AUC = 0.768, 95% CI = 0.642-0.894) and liner correlation analysis suggested that ANXA2 was suitable for the clinical diagnosis of CRC. CONCLUSION These results indicate that ANXA2 is a biomarker with diagnostic and prognostic potential for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Ceruti P, Principe M, Capello M, Cappello P, Novelli F. Three are better than one: plasminogen receptors as cancer theranostic targets. Exp Hematol Oncol 2013; 2:12. [PMID: 23594883 PMCID: PMC3640925 DOI: 10.1186/2162-3619-2-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of plasminogen on the cell surface initiates a cascade of protease activity with important implications for several physiological and pathological events. In particular, components of the plasminogen system participate in tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Plasminogen receptors are in fact expressed on the cell surface of most tumors, and their expression frequently correlates with cancer diagnosis, survival and prognosis. Notably, they can trigger multiple specific immune responses in cancer patients, highlighting their role as tumor-associated antigens. In this review, three of the most characterized plasminogen receptors involved in tumorigenesis, namely Annexin 2 (ANX2), Cytokeratin 8 (CK8) and alpha-Enolase (ENOA), are analyzed to ascertain an overall view of their role in the most common cancers. This analysis emphasizes the possibility of delineating new personalized therapeutic strategies to counteract tumor growth and metastasis by targeting plasminogen receptors, as well as their potential application as cancer predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ceruti
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Via Cherasco 15, Turin, 10126, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Moitza Principe
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Via Cherasco 15, Turin, 10126, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Michela Capello
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Via Cherasco 15, Turin, 10126, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Via Cherasco 15, Turin, 10126, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Via Cherasco 15, Turin, 10126, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Jia JW, Li KL, Wu JX, Guo SL. Clinical significance of annexin II expression in human non-small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:1767-71. [PMID: 23494179 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to explore the role of annexin II in the development and progression of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was conducted to detect annexin II mRNA expression. Annexin II protein expression was also determined by western blot. In addition, annexin II expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 137 clinicopathologically characterized NSCLC cases. The correlation of annexin II expression with patients' survival rate was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression. Our results showed that the expression levels of annexin II mRNA and protein in NSCLC tissues were significantly higher than those in non-cancerous tissues. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that annexin II expression was significantly correlated with tumor diameter, pathological grade, pT status, pN status, and pleural invasion. The results of the Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that a high expression level of annexin II resulted in a significantly poor prognosis of NSCLC patients. Multi-variate Cox regression analysis revealed that annexin II expression level was an independent prognostic parameter for the overall survival rate of NSCLC patients. In conclusion, these results suggested that annexin II up-regulation was associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC; therefore, it might act as a prognostic marker and a new potential target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wei Jia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Maruo T, Ichikawa T, Kanzaki H, Inoue S, Kurozumi K, Onishi M, Yoshida K, Kambara H, Ouchida M, Shimizu K, Tamaru S, Chiocca EA, Date I. Proteomics-based analysis of invasion-related proteins in malignant gliomas. Neuropathology 2012; 33:264-75. [PMID: 23116197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2012.01361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the insidious biological features of gliomas is their potential to extensively invade normal brain tissue, yet molecular mechanisms that dictate this locally invasive behavior remain poorly understood. To investigate the molecular basis of invasion by malignant gliomas, proteomic analysis was performed using a pair of canine glioma subclones - J3T-1 and J3T-2 - that show different invasion phenotypes in rat brains but have similar genetic backgrounds. Two-dimensional protein electrophoresis of whole-cell lysates of J3T-1 (angiogenesis-dependent invasion phenotype) and J3T-2 (angiogenesis-independent invasion phenotype) was performed. Twenty-two distinct spots were recognized when significant alteration was defined as more than 1.5-fold change in spot intensity between J3T-1 and J3T-2. Four proteins that demonstrated increased expression in J3T-1, and 14 proteins that demonstrated increased expression in J3T-2 were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. One of the proteins identified was annexin A2, which was expressed at higher levels in J3T-1 than in J3T-2. The higher expression of annexin A2 in J3T-1 was corroborated by quantitative RT-PCR of the cultured cells and immunohistochemical staining of the rat brain tumors. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis of human glioblastoma specimens showed that annexin A2 was expressed at high levels in the tumor cells that formed clusters around dilated vessels. These results reveal differences in the proteomic profiles between these two cell lines that might correlate with their different invasion profiles. Thus, annexin A2 may be related to angiogenesis-dependent invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Maruo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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25
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The annexin A2/S100A10 system in health and disease: emerging paradigms. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:406273. [PMID: 23193360 PMCID: PMC3496855 DOI: 10.1155/2012/406273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery as a src kinase substrate more than three decades ago, appreciation for the physiologic functions of annexin A2 and its associated proteins has increased dramatically. With its binding partner S100A10 (p11), A2 forms a cell surface complex that regulates generation of the primary fibrinolytic protease, plasmin, and is dynamically regulated in settings of hemostasis and thrombosis. In addition, the complex is transcriptionally upregulated in hypoxia and promotes pathologic neoangiogenesis in the tissues such as the retina. Dysregulation of both A2 and p11 has been reported in examples of rodent and human cancer. Intracellularly, A2 plays a critical role in endosomal repair in postarthroplastic osteolysis, and intracellular p11 regulates serotonin receptor activity in psychiatric mood disorders. In human studies, the A2 system contributes to the coagulopathy of acute promyelocytic leukemia, and is a target of high-titer autoantibodies in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome, cerebral thrombosis, and possibly preeclampsia. Polymorphisms in the human ANXA2 gene have been associated with stroke and avascular osteonecrosis of bone, two severe complications of sickle cell disease. Together, these new findings suggest that manipulation of the annexin A2/S100A10 system may offer promising new avenues for treatment of a spectrum of human disorders.
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Upregulated expression of annexin II is a prognostic marker for patients with gastric cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10:103. [PMID: 22681645 PMCID: PMC3433344 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of annexin II in the development and progression of gastric cancer was explored. Methods Real-time PCR was conducted to detect annexin II and S100A6 mRNA expression. Protein expressions of annexin II and S100A6 were also examined by immunohistochemistry in 436 clinicopathologically characterized gastric cancer cases. Results The expression of annexin II and S100A6 mRNA differ significantly among gastric tumor tissue and matched non-cancerous gastric mucosa. Protein levels of annexin II and S100A6 were up-regulated in gastric cancer compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues. High expression of annexin II correlated with age, location of tumor, size of tumor, differentiation, histological type, depth of invasion, vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) stage, and also with expression of S100A6. Further multivariate analysis suggested that expression of annexin II and S100A6 were independent prognostic indicators for gastric cancer. Cumulative five-year survival rates of patients with high expression of both annexin II and S100A6 was significantly lower than those with low expression of both. Conclusion Expression of annexin II in gastric cancer was significantly associated with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis, TNM stage, high S100A6 expression, and poor prognosis. Annexin II and S100A6 proteins could be useful prognostic marker to predict tumor progression and prognosis in gastric cancer.
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Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency-associated nuclear antigen and angiogenin interact with common host proteins, including annexin A2, which is essential for survival of latently infected cells. J Virol 2011; 86:1589-607. [PMID: 22130534 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.05754-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection and latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA-1) upregulate the multifunctional protein angiogenin (ANG). Our studies demonstrate that silencing ANG or inhibiting its nuclear translocation downregulates KSHV LANA-1 expression and ANG is necessary for KSHV latency, anti-apoptosis and angiogenesis (Sadagopan et al., J. Virol. 83:3342-3364, 2009; Sadagopan et al., J Virol. 85:2666-2685, 2011). Here we show that LANA-1 interacts with ANG and colocalizes in latently infected endothelial telomerase-immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial (TIVE-LTC) cells. Mass spectrometric analyses of TIVE-LTC proteins immunoprecipitated by anti-LANA-1 and ANG antibodies identified 28 common cellular proteins such as ribosomal proteins, structural proteins, tRNA synthetases, metabolic pathway enzymes, chaperons, transcription factors, antioxidants, and ubiquitin proteosome proteins. LANA-1 and ANG interaction with one of the proteins, annexin A2, was validated. Annexin A2 has been shown to play roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, plasmin generation, exocytosis, endocytosis, and cytoskeleton reorganization. It is also known to associate with glycolytic enzyme 3-phosphoglyceratekinase in the primer recognition protein (PRP) complex that interacts with DNA polymerase α in the lagging strand of DNA during replication. A higher level of annexin A2 is expressed in KSHV+ but not in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)+ B-lymphoma cell lines. Annexin A2 colocalized with several LANA-1 punctate spots in KSHV+ body cavity B-cell lymphoma (BCBL-1) cells. In triple-staining analyses, we observed annexin A2-ANG-LANA-1, annexin A2-ANG, and ANG-LANA-1 colocalizations. Annexin A2 appeared as punctate nuclear dots in LANA-1-positive TIVE-LTC cells. In LANA-1-negative TIVE-LTC cells, annexin A2 was detected predominately in the cytoplasm, with some nuclear spots, and colocalization with ANG was observed mostly in the cytoplasm. Annexin A2 coimmunoprecipitated with LANA-1 and ANG in TIVE-LTC and BCBL-1 cells and with ANG in 293T cells independent of LANA-1. This suggested that annexin A2 forms a complex with LANA-1 and ANG as well as a separate complex with ANG. Silencing annexin A2 in BCBL-1 cells resulted in significant cell death, downregulation of cell cycle-associated Cdk6 and of cyclin D, E, and A proteins, and downregulation of LANA-1 and ANG expression. No effect was seen in KSHV⁻ lymphoma (BJAB and Ramos) and 293T cells. These studies suggest that LANA-1 association with annexin A2/ANG could be more important than ANG association with annexin A2, and KSHV probably uses annexin A2 to maintain the viability and cell cycle regulation of latently infected cells. Since the identified LANA-1- and ANG-interacting common cellular proteins are hitherto unknown to KSHV and ANG biology, this offers a starting point for further analysis of their roles in KSHV biology, which may lead to identification of potential therapeutic targets to control KSHV latency and associated malignancies.
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Sharma M, Blackman MR, Sharma MC. Antibody-directed neutralization of annexin II (ANX II) inhibits neoangiogenesis and human breast tumor growth in a xenograft model. Exp Mol Pathol 2011; 92:175-84. [PMID: 22044461 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the fibrinolytic pathway has long been associated with human breast cancer. Plasmin is the major end product of the fibrinolytic pathway and is critical for normal physiological functions. The mechanism by which plasmin is generated in breast cancer is not yet fully described. We previously identified annexin II (ANX II), a fibrinolytic receptor, in human breast tumor tissue samples and observed a strong positive correlation with advanced stage cancer (Sharma et al., 2006a). We further demonstrated that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) binds to ANX II in invasive breast cancer MDA-MB231cells, which leads to plasmin generation (Sharma et al., 2010). We hypothesize that ANX II-dependent plasmin generation in breast tumor is necessary to trigger the switch to neoangiogenesis, thereby stimulating a more aggressive cancer phenotype. Our immunohistochemical studies of human breast tumor tissues provide compelling evidence of a strong positive correlation between ANX II expression and neoangiogenesis, and suggest that ANX II is a potential target to slow or inhibit breast tumor growth by inhibiting neoangiogenesis. We now report that administration of anti-ANX II antibody potently inhibits the growth of human breast tumor in a xenograft model. Inhibition of tumor growth is at least partly due to attenuation of neoangiogenic activity within the tumor. In vitro studies demonstrate that anti-ANX II antibody inhibits angiogenesis on three dimensional matrigel cultures by eliciting endothelial cell (EC) death likely due to apoptosis. Taken together, these data suggest that selective disruption of the fibrinolytic activity of ANX II may provide a novel strategy for specific inhibition of neoangiogenesis in human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Sharma
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, PA, USA
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Korfei M, Schmitt S, Ruppert C, Henneke I, Markart P, Loeh B, Mahavadi P, Wygrecka M, Klepetko W, Fink L, Bonniaud P, Preissner KT, Lochnit G, Schaefer L, Seeger W, Guenther A. Comparative proteomic analysis of lung tissue from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and lung transplant donor lungs. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:2185-205. [PMID: 21319792 DOI: 10.1021/pr1009355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal disease for which no effective therapy exists to date. To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying IPF, we performed comparative proteome analysis of lung tissue from patients with sporadic IPF (n = 14) and human donor lungs (controls, n = 10) using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-MS. Eighty-nine differentially expressed proteins were identified, from which 51 were up-regulated and 38 down-regulated in IPF. Increased expression of markers for the unfolded protein response (UPR), heat-shock proteins, and DNA damage stress markers indicated a chronic cell stress-response in IPF lungs. By means of immunohistochemistry, induction of UPR markers was encountered in type-II alveolar epithelial cells of IPF but not of control lungs. In contrast, up-regulation of heat-shock protein 27 (Hsp27) was exclusively observed in proliferating bronchiolar basal cells and associated with aberrant re-epithelialization at the bronchiolo-alveolar junctions. Among the down-regulated proteins in IPF were antioxidants, members of the annexin family, and structural epithelial proteins. In summary, our results indicate that IPF is characterized by epithelial cell injury, apoptosis, and aberrant epithelial proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Korfei
- University of Giessen Lung Center, Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikstrasse 36, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
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The role of annexin A2 in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2011; 4:199-208. [PMID: 21909879 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-011-0064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Annexin A2 is a calcium-dependent, phospholipid-binding protein found on various cell types. It is up-regulated in various tumor types and plays multiple roles in regulating cellular functions, including angiogenesis, proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration, invasion and adhesion. Annexin A2 binds with plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator on the cell surface, which leads to the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin is a serine protease which plays a key role in the activation of metalloproteinases and degradation of extracellular matrix components essential for metastatic progression. We have recently found that both annexin A2 and plasmin are increased in conditioned media of co cultured ovarian cancer and peritoneal cells. Our studies suggest that annexin A2 is part of a tumor-host signal pathway between ovarian cancer and peritoneal cells which promotes ovarian cancer metastasis. Accumulating evidence suggest that interactions between annexin A2 and its binding proteins play an important role in the tumor microenvironment and act together to enhance cancer metastasis. This article reviews the current knowledge on the biological role of annexin A2 and its binding proteins in solid malignancies including ovarian cancer.
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Dos Santos A, Court M, Thiers V, Sar S, Guettier C, Samuel D, Bréchot C, Garin J, Demaugre F, Masselon CD. Identification of cellular targets in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma using laser microdissection and accurate mass and time tag proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:1991-2004. [PMID: 20513801 PMCID: PMC2938110 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m110.000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obtaining accurate protein profiles from homogeneous cell populations in heterogeneous tissues can enhance the capability to discover protein biomarkers. In this context, methodologies to access specific cellular populations and analyze their proteome with exquisite sensitivity have to be selected. We report here the results of an investigation using a combination of laser microdissection and accurate mass and time tag proteomics. The study was aimed at the precise determination of proteome alterations in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma ICC, a markedly heterogeneous tumor. This cancer, which is difficult to diagnose and carries a very poor prognosis, has shown an unexplained increase in incidence over the last few years. Among a pool of 574 identified proteins, we were able to report on altered abundance patterns affecting 39 proteins conforming to a variety of potential tumorigenic pathways. The reliability of the proteomics results was confirmed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry on matched samples. Most of the proteins displaying perturbed abundances had not yet been described in the setting of ICC. These include proteins involved in cell mobility and actin cytoskeleton remodeling, which may participate in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a process invoked in migration and invasion of cancer cells. The biological relevance of these findings was explored using a tissue microarray. An increased abundance of vimentin was thus detected in 70% of ICC and none of the controls. These results suggest that vimentin could play a role in the aggressiveness of ICC and provide a basis for the serious outcome of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Dos Santos
- From the Unité 785, INSERM, Villejuif F-94800, France
- UMR-S 785, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94800, France
| | - Magali Court
- Laboratoire d'Etude de la Dynamique des Protéomes, Institut de Recherche en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant (iRTSV), Direction des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Grenoble F-38054, France
- Unité 880, INSERM, Grenoble F-38054, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble F-38054, France
| | - Valérie Thiers
- From the Unité 785, INSERM, Villejuif F-94800, France
- UMR-S 785, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94800, France
- Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Sokhavuth Sar
- From the Unité 785, INSERM, Villejuif F-94800, France
- UMR-S 785, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94800, France
| | - Catherine Guettier
- From the Unité 785, INSERM, Villejuif F-94800, France
- UMR-S 785, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94800, France
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94270, France, and
| | - Didier Samuel
- From the Unité 785, INSERM, Villejuif F-94800, France
- UMR-S 785, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94800, France
| | - Christian Bréchot
- From the Unité 785, INSERM, Villejuif F-94800, France
- UMR-S 785, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94800, France
- Merieux Alliance, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Jérôme Garin
- Laboratoire d'Etude de la Dynamique des Protéomes, Institut de Recherche en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant (iRTSV), Direction des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Grenoble F-38054, France
- Unité 880, INSERM, Grenoble F-38054, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble F-38054, France
| | - France Demaugre
- From the Unité 785, INSERM, Villejuif F-94800, France
- UMR-S 785, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif F-94800, France
| | - Christophe D. Masselon
- Laboratoire d'Etude de la Dynamique des Protéomes, Institut de Recherche en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant (iRTSV), Direction des Sciences du Vivant (DSV), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Grenoble F-38054, France
- Unité 880, INSERM, Grenoble F-38054, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble F-38054, France
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Protzel C, Richter M, Poetsch M, Kakies C, Zimmermann U, Woenckhaus C, Klebingat KJ, Hakenberg OW, Giebel J. The role of annexins I, II and IV in tumor development, progression and metastasis of human penile squamous cell carcinomas. World J Urol 2010; 29:393-8. [PMID: 20602103 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-010-0575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The outcome of patients with penile squamous cell carcinomas (PSCC) largely depends on occurrence of metastasis. Therefore, prognostic markers indicating the risk for tumor cell spreading would be useful. Since Annexins are potential prognostic markers in a variety of tumors, we immunohistochemically examined the expression of Annexins I, II and IV (ANX AI, ANX AII and ANX AIV) in PSCC. METHODS Samples originated from 29 patients subjected to surgical resection of invasive PSCC. Immunohistochemistry was done on paraffin-embedded sections using monoclonal antibodies against ANX AI, ANX AII and ANX AIV. Expression of ANXs was compared with clinical data. RESULTS ANX AI expression was found in conventional PSCC and was absent in basaloid and sarcomatoid subtypes. High ANX AI score was significantly associated with higher T stages (P = 0.006). Strong expression in the invasion front of carcinomas was significantly associated with the occurrence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001). ANX AIV expression was weak in conventional PSCC, while it was strong in basaloid and sarcomatoid subtypes. Strong expression of Annnexin IV in the invasion front also showed a significant association with metastasis (P = 0.019). CONCLUSION Expression of ANXs was different in histologic subtypes of penile carcinomas. Strong expression of ANX AI and ANX AIV in the invasion front seems to indicate a higher risk of lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Protzel
- Department of Urology, University of Rostock, E. Heydemannstr. 6, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
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Das S, Shetty P, Valapala M, Dasgupta S, Gryczynski Z, Vishwanatha JK. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is a novel interactor of annexin A2 in prostate cancer cells. Biochemistry 2010; 49:2216-26. [PMID: 20121258 DOI: 10.1021/bi9013038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is a multifunctional Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid-binding protein, and its overexpression is implicated in malignant transformation of several cancers. In prostate cancer, however, the expression of AnxA2 is lost in prostate intraepithelial neoplasia and reappears in the high-grade tumors, suggesting a complex regulation of AnxA2 in the prostate microenvironment. Since a majority of the biological functions of AnxA2 are mediated by its interaction with other proteins, we performed a yeast two-hybrid assay to search for novel interactors of AnxA2. Our studies revealed that signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), a member of the STAT family of transcription factors, is a binding partner of AnxA2. We confirmed AnxA2-STAT6 interaction by in vitro co-immunoprecipitation and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) studies and demonstrated that AnxA2 interacts with phosphorylated STAT6. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay revealed that AnxA2 is associated with the STAT6 DNA-binding complex, and luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that AnxA2 upregulates the activity of STAT6. Upon interleukin-4 treatment, AnxA2 stabilizes the cytosolic levels of phosphorylated STAT6 and promotes its nuclear entry. These findings suggest that AnxA2-STAT6 interactions could have potential implications in prostate cancer progression. This report is the first to demonstrate the interaction of AnxA2 with STAT6 and suggests a possible mechanism by which AnxA2 contributes to the metastatic processes of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susobhan Das
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology and Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA
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Sharma M, Ownbey RT, Sharma MC. Breast cancer cell surface annexin II induces cell migration and neoangiogenesis via tPA dependent plasmin generation. Exp Mol Pathol 2010; 88:278-86. [PMID: 20079732 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Annexin II, an abundant phospholipids binding cell surface protein, binds tPA and functions as a regulator of fibrinolysis. Annexin II also mediates angiogenesis and enhances tumor growth and metastasis. However, the mechanism supporting this role is not known. Using human breast cancer model we show that invasive human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB231) synthesize annexin II and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). In vitro both annexin II and tPA interacts which in turn convert zymogen plasminogen to reactive enzyme plasmin. Cell surface produced plasmin inhibited the migration of MDA-MB231 cells. Silencing of annexin II gene in MDA-MB231 cells abolished tPA binding therefore inhibited tPA dependent plasmin generation. These annexin II suppressed MDA-MB231 cells showed reduced motility. Immunohistochemical analysis of prediagnosed clinical specimens showed abundant secretion of tPA and expression of annexin II on the surface of invasive human breast cancer cells which correlates with neovascularization of the tumor. Taken together, these data indicate that annexin II may regulate localized plasmin generation in breast cancer. This may be an early event switching breast cancer from the prevascular phase to the vascular phase and thus contributing to aggressive cancer with the possibility of metastasis. The data provide a mechanism explaining the role of annexin II in breast cancer progression and suggest that annexin II may be an attractive target for therapeutic strategies aimed to inhibit angiogenesis and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Sharma
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
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Feng H, Li X, Niu D, Chen WN. Protein profile in HBx transfected cells: a comparative iTRAQ-coupled 2D LC-MS/MS analysis. J Proteomics 2009; 73:1421-32. [PMID: 20026004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The x protein of HBV (HBx) has been involved in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with a possible link to individual genotypes. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism remains obscure. In this study, we aim to identify the HBx-induced protein profile in HepG2 cells by LC-MS/MS proteomics analysis. Our results indicated that proteins were differentially expressed in HepG2 cells transfected by HBx of various genotypes. Proteins associated with cytoskeleton were found to be either up-regulated (MACF1, HMGB1, Annexin A2) or down-regulated (Lamin A/C). These may in turn result in the decrease of focal adhesion and increase of cell migration in response to HBx. Levels of other cellular proteins with reported impact on the function of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and cell migration, including Ca(2+)-binding proteins (S100A11, S100A6, and S100A4) and proteasome protein (PSMA3), were affected by HBx. The differential protein profile identified in this study was also supported by our functional assay which indicated that cell migration was enhanced by HBx. Our preliminary study provided a new platform to establish a comprehensive cellular protein profile by LC-MS/MS proteomics analysis. Further downstream functional assays, including our reported cell migration assay, should provide new insights in the association between HCC and HBx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixing Feng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Kesavan K, Ratliff J, Johnson EW, Dahlberg W, Asara JM, Misra P, Frangioni JV, Jacoby DB. Annexin A2 is a molecular target for TM601, a peptide with tumor-targeting and anti-angiogenic effects. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:4366-74. [PMID: 20018898 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.066092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TM601 is a synthetic form of chlorotoxin, a 36-amino acid peptide derived from the venom of the Israeli scorpion, Leirius quinquestriatus, initially found to specifically bind and inhibit the migration of glioma cells in culture. Subsequent studies demonstrated specific in vitro binding to additional tumor cell lines. Recently, we demonstrated that proliferating human vascular endothelial cells are the only normal cell line tested that exhibits specific binding to TM601. Here, we identify annexin A2 as a novel binding partner for TM601 in multiple human tumor cell lines and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC). We demonstrate that the surface binding of TM601 to the pancreatic tumor cell line Panc-1 is dependent on the expression of annexin A2. Identification of annexin A2 as a binding partner for TM601 is also consistent with the anti-angiogenic effects of TM601. Annexin A2 functions in angiogenesis by binding to tissue plasminogen activator and regulating plasminogen activation on vascular endothelial cells. We demonstrate that in HUVECs, TM601 inhibits both vascular endothelial growth factor- and basic fibroblast growth factor-induced tissue plasminogen activator activation, which is required for activation of plasminogen to plasmin. Consistent with inhibition of cell surface protease activity, TM601 also inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-C induced trans-well migration of both HUVEC and U373-MG glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamala Kesavan
- TransMolecular Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Annexin II (ANX2) is a multi-functional protein involved in cell proliferation and membrane physiology and is related to cancer progression. The purpose of this study was to assess ANX2 expression in clear-cell (cc) renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS: The ANX2 expression in 18 primary ccRCCs was examined by real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)–PCR and western blot analyses. Furthermore, immunohistochemical study was performed using paraffin section of 154 primary ccRCCs and 24 metastases. The association between ANX2 expression and the clinicopathological factors and prognosis was analysed. RESULTS: The ANX2 was upregulated at both mRNA and protein levels in 14 of 18 primary ccRCCs. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that ANX2 was positive in 73 (47.4%) of 154 primary ccRCC and in 21 (87.5%) of 24 metastatic tumours. The ANX2 expression in the primary tumours showed significant associations with a higher stage, a higher nuclear grade. In patients without metastasis, the 5-year metastasis-free rate in patients with ANX2-positive tumour was significantly lower than that in those with ANX2-negative tumour (63.0% vs 90.1%; P<0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that ANX2 expression is an independent predictor for metastasis. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that ANX2 expression might be a novel predictor of the metastatic potential of ccRCC.
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Hellman K, Alaiya AA, Becker S, Lomnytska M, Schedvins K, Steinberg W, Hellström AC, Andersson S, Hellman U, Auer G. Differential tissue-specific protein markers of vaginal carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:1303-14. [PMID: 19367286 PMCID: PMC2676541 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to identify proteins differentially expressed in vaginal cancer to elucidate relevant cancer-related proteins. A total of 16 fresh-frozen tissue biopsies, consisting of 5 biopsies from normal vaginal epithelium, 6 from primary vaginal carcinomas and 5 from primary cervical carcinomas, were analysed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Of the 43 proteins identified with significant alterations in protein expression between non-tumourous and tumourous tissue, 26 were upregulated and 17 were downregulated. Some were similarly altered in vaginal and cervical carcinoma, including cytoskeletal proteins, tumour suppressor proteins, oncoproteins implicated in apoptosis and proteins in the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Three proteins were uniquely altered in vaginal carcinoma (DDX48, erbB3-binding protein and biliverdin reductase) and five in cervical carcinoma (peroxiredoxin 2, annexin A2, sarcomeric tropomyosin kappa, human ribonuclease inhibitor and prolyl-4-hydrolase beta). The identified proteins imply involvement of multiple different cellular pathways in the carcinogenesis of vaginal carcinoma. Similar protein alterations were found between vaginal and cervical carcinoma suggesting common tumourigenesis. However, the expression level of some of these proteins markedly differs among the three tissue specimens indicating that they might be useful molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hellman
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Chuthapisith S, Bean BE, Cowley G, Eremin JM, Samphao S, Layfield R, Kerr ID, Wiseman J, El-Sheemy M, Sreenivasan T, Eremin O. Annexins in human breast cancer: Possible predictors of pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45:1274-1281. [PMID: 19171478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is used in women who have large or locally advanced breast cancers. However, up to 70% of women who receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy fail to achieve a complete pathological response in their primary tumour (a surrogate marker of long-term survival). Five proteins, previously identified to be linked with chemoresistance in our in vitro experiments, were identified histochemically in pre-treatment core needle biopsies from 40 women with large or locally advanced breast cancers. Immunohistochemical staining with the five proteins showed no single protein to be a predictor of response to chemotherapy. However, pre-treatment breast cancer specimens that were annexin-A2 positive but annexin-A1 negative correlated with a poor pathological response (p=0.04, Fisher's exact test). The mechanisms by which annexins confer chemoresistance have not been identified, but may be due to inhibition of apoptosis. Annexin-A1 has been shown to enhance apoptosis, whilst annexin-A2, by contrast, inhibits apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suebwong Chuthapisith
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Division of Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, E Floor, West Block, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | | | | | | | - Srila Samphao
- Lincoln Breast Unit, Lincoln County Hospital, Lincoln, UK
| | - Robert Layfield
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian D Kerr
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Janice Wiseman
- Lincoln Breast Unit, Lincoln County Hospital, Lincoln, UK
| | | | | | - Oleg Eremin
- Division of Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, E Floor, West Block, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Lincoln Breast Unit, Lincoln County Hospital, Lincoln, UK
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Abstract
The annexins are a super-family of closely related calcium and membrane-binding proteins. They have a diverse range of cellular functions that include vesicle trafficking, cell division, apoptosis, calcium signalling and growth regulation. Many studies have shown the annexins to be among the genes whose expression are consistently differentially altered in neoplasia. Some annexins show increased expression in specific types of tumours, while others show loss of expression. Mechanistic studies relating the changes in annexin expression to tumour cell function, particularly tumour invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis and drug resistance, are now also emerging. Changes in the expression of individual annexins are associated with particular types of tumour and hence the annexins may also be useful biomarkers in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mussunoor
- Department of Pathology, University of Aberdeen, UK
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Zhong LP, Wei KJ, Yang X, Zhang L, Zhou XJ, Pan HY, Li J, Chen WT, Zhang ZY. Increased expression of Annexin A2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 54:17-25. [PMID: 18822406 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previously, in vitro cellular carcinogenesis model of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was established with a line of human immortalized oral epithelia cells (HIOECs), a line of cancerous HB96 cells, and another kind of cells (HB56 cells) at the early stage of carcinogenesis. In this study, comparative proteomic analysis identified a panel of differentially expressed proteins among these cells, and Annexin A2 shown as one of the significantly up-regulated proteins accompanying cellular transformation. Annexin A2 was further validated for its expression in the three kinds of cells and in the clinical samples of tumour tissues and their adjacent normal epithelia from primary OSCC patients. Western blot analysis and real-time PCR detected increased Annexin A2 protein and mRNA levels in cancerous HB56 and HB96 cells over HIOECs. Immunohistochemistry showed elevated Annexin A2 protein expression in tumour tissues over the adjacent non-malignant epithelia from OSCC patients; however, the mRNA levels between tumour and normal tissues did not change significantly. Interestingly, levels of Annexin A2 protein expression negatively correlated with the tumour differentiation grades. The results presented here suggest that Annexin A2 protein may play important roles in carcinogenesis of OSCC, and it may also serve as a candidate biomarker for pathologic differentiation grade of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-ping Zhong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
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Chan CML, Wong SCC, Lam MYY, Hui EP, Chan JKC, Lo ESF, Cheuk W, Wong MCK, Tsao SW, Chan ATC. Proteomic comparison of nasopharyngeal cancer cell lines C666-1 and NP69 identifies down-regulation of annexin II and beta2-tubulin for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2008; 132:675-83. [PMID: 18384219 DOI: 10.5858/2008-132-675-pconcc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), common in southern China and North Africa, has a complex etiology involving interplay between viral, environmental, and hereditary factors and is almost constantly associated with the Epstein-Barr virus. Since the prognosis of locally advanced and metastatic diseases is poor, increased understanding of the pathogenesis of NPC would be important for discovering novel markers for patients' management. OBJECTIVES To compare the proteomic expression profile between an Epstein-Barr virus-associated NPC cell line (C666-1) and a normal NP cell line (NP69). The proteins with differential expression were analyzed in 40 undifferentiated NPC paraffin-embedded specimens. DESIGN Differentially expressed proteins discovered between the two cell lines were identified by mass spectrometry. After confirmation by immunocytochemical staining, their expression in patient samples was measured using 40 pairs of undifferentiated NPCs together with their adjacent normal epithelia. RESULTS Proteomic findings indicated that adenosine triphosphate synthase alpha chain was up-regulated, whereas annexin II, annexin V, beta(2)-tubulin, and profilin 1 were down-regulated. After confirming the results in agar-processed cell lines, annexin II and beta(2)-tubulin expression were found to be lower in tumor cells than in adjacent normal epithelial cells in 100% and 90% of the patients' specimens, respectively. Finally, annexin II down-regulation was positively associated with lymph node metastasis, suggesting that it may be a prognostic factor in NPC. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that annexin II and beta(2)-tubulin down-regulation is important in NPC formation and may represent potential targets for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M L Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir Y. K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Duncan R, Carpenter B, Main LC, Telfer C, Murray GI. Characterisation and protein expression profiling of annexins in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2007; 98:426-33. [PMID: 18071363 PMCID: PMC2361450 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The annexins are family of calcium-regulated phospholipid-binding proteins with diverse roles in cell biology. Individual annexins have been implicated in tumour development and progression, and in this investigation a range of annexins have been studied in colorectal cancer. Annexins A1, A2, A4 and A11 were identified by comparative proteomic analysis to be overexpressed in colorectal cancer. Annexins A1, A2, A4 and A11 were further studied by immunohistochemistry with a colorectal cancer tissue microarray containing primary and metastatic colorectal cancer and also normal colon. There was significant increase in expression in annexins A1 (P=0.01), A2 (P<0.001), A4 (P<0.001) and A11 (P<0.001) in primary tumours compared with normal colon. There was increasing expression of annexins A2 (P=0.001), A4 (P=0.03) and A11 (P=0.006) with increasing tumour stage. An annexin expression profile was identified by k-means cluster analysis, and the annexin profile was associated with tumour stage (P=0.01) and also patient survival. Patients in annexin cluster group 1 (low annexin expression) had a better survival (log rank=5.33, P=0.02) than patients in cluster group 2 (high annexins A4 and A11 expression). In conclusion, this study has shown that individual annexins are present in colorectal cancer, specific annexins are overexpressed in colorectal cancer and the annexin expression profile is associated with survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Duncan
- Department of Pathology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Yee DS, Narula N, Ramzy I, Boker J, Ahlering TE, Skarecky DW, Ornstein DK. Reduced annexin II protein expression in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2007; 131:902-8. [PMID: 17550317 DOI: 10.5858/2007-131-902-raipei] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Annexin II is a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that plays a role in many cellular functions, including apoptosis, signal transduction, and cellular motility. The protein is strongly expressed in normal prostatic epithelial glands, but its expression in benign prostatic lesions has not been reported. Although commonly underexpressed in prostate cancer, the association of reduced expression with pathologic grade and stage is unknown. OBJECTIVE To compare annexin II expression in benign prostatic lesions with expression in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer, as well as to correlate expression levels with pathologic grade and stage. DESIGN A semi-quantitative assessment of annexin II expression was performed in radical prostatectomy specimens from 74 patients and prostate needle core biopsy specimens from 13 patients. Foci with normal prostatic glands, atrophic glands, basal cell hyperplasia, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and prostatic adenocarcinoma were evaluated. RESULTS Annexin II expression was present in more than 50% of glands in most (>85%) samples of benign prostatic epithelium, atrophic glands, and basal cell hyperplasia. In high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, annexin II staining was markedly reduced in epithelial cells but not in basal cells. Annexin II was absent or focally present in moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma but was retained in poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSIONS Reduced annexin II expression may be a useful diagnostic biomarker to help identify small foci of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma on needle core biopsy specimens since it is consistently expressed in benign prostatic glands. Re-expression of annexin II in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma may provide prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Yee
- Department of Urology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA
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Babbin BA, Parkos CA, Mandell KJ, Winfree LM, Laur O, Ivanov AI, Nusrat A. Annexin 2 regulates intestinal epithelial cell spreading and wound closure through Rho-related signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 170:951-66. [PMID: 17322380 PMCID: PMC1864889 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cell migration is a critical event in gastrointestinal mucosal wound healing and is dependent on actin cytoskeletal reorganization. We observed increased expression of an actin regulatory protein, annexin 2, in migrating intestinal epithelial cells. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of annexin 2 expression in Caco-2 epithelial cells resulted in significant reductions in cell spreading and wound closure associated with decreased formation of filamentous actin bundles along the base of migrating cells. Because annexin 2 has been shown to influences actin cytoskeletal remodeling through targeting signaling molecules to membrane domains, we examined the membrane association and activation status of Rho GTPases after annexin 2 knockdown. We observed Rho dissociation from membranes and decreased Rho activity following annexin 2 siRNA transfection. Inhibition of cell spreading and wound closure in annexin 2 siRNA-transfected cells was prevented by expression of constitutively active RhoA. Rho colocalized with annexin 2 in lamellipodia and along the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane. In addition, annexin 2 was observed to co-immunoprecipitate with endogenous Rho and constitutively active RhoA. These findings suggest that annexin 2 plays a role in targeting Rho to cellular membranes, thereby modulating Rho-related signaling events regulating cytoskeletal reorganization during epithelial cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Babbin
- Epithelial Pathobiology Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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Singh P. Role of Annexin-II in GI cancers: interaction with gastrins/progastrins. Cancer Lett 2006; 252:19-35. [PMID: 17188424 PMCID: PMC1941619 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of the gastrin peptide hormones (G17, G34) and their precursors (progastrins, PG; gly-extended gastrin, G-gly), in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers has been extensively reviewed in recent years [W. Rengifo-Cam, P. Singh, Role of progastrins and gastrins and their receptors in GI and pancreatic cancers: targets for treatment, Curr. Pharm. Des. 10 (19) (2004) 2345-2358; M. Dufresne, C. Seva, D. Fourmy, Cholecystokinin and gastrin receptors, Physiol. Rev. 86 (3) (2006) 805-847; A. Ferrand, T.C. Wang, Gastrin and cancer: a review, Cancer Lett. 238 (1) (2006) 15-29]. A possible important role of progastrin peptides in colon carcinogenesis has become evident from experiments with transgenic mouse models [W. Rengifo-Cam, P. Singh, (2004); A. Ferrand, T.C. Wang, (2006)]. It is now known that growth stimulatory and co-carcinogenic effects of gastrin/PG peptides are mediated by both proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects of the peptides on target cells [H. Wu, G.N. Rao, B. Dai, P. Singh, Autocrine gastrins in colon cancer cells Up-regulate cytochrome c oxidase Vb and down-regulate efflux of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3, J. Biol. Chem. 275 (42) (2000) 32491-32498; H. Wu, A. Owlia, P. Singh, Precursor peptide progastrin(1-80) reduces apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells and upregulates cytochrome c oxidase Vb levels and synthesis of ATP, Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 285 (6) (2003) G1097-G1110]. Several receptor subtypes have been described that mediate growth effects of gastrin peptides [W. Rengifo-Cam, P. Singh (2004); M. Dufresne, C. Seva, D. Fourmy, (2006)]. Recently, we identified Annexin II as a high affinity binding protein for gastrin/PG peptides [P. Singh, H. Wu, C. Clark, A. Owlia, Annexin II binds progastrin and gastrin-like peptides, and mediates growth factor effects of autocrine and exogenous gastrins on colon cancer and intestinal epithelial cells, Oncogene (2006), doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209798]. Importantly, the expression of Annexin II was required for mediating growth stimulatory effects of gastrin and PG peptides on intestinal epithelial and colon cancer cells [P. Singh, H. Wu, C. Clark, A. Owlia, Annexin II binds progastrin and gastrin-like peptides, and mediates growth factor effects of autocrine and exogenous gastrins on colon cancer and intestinal epithelial cells, Oncogene (2006), doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209798], suggesting that Annexin-II may represent the elusive novel receptor for gastrin/PG peptides. The importance of this finding in relation to the structure and function of Annexin-II, especially in GI cancers, is described below. Since this surprising finding represents a new front in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in mediating growth effects of gastrin/PG peptides in GI cancers, our current understanding of the role of Annexin-II in proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells is additionally reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pomila Singh
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, 10.104 Medical Research Building, Route 1043, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301University Blvd., Mail Route 1043, Galveston, TX 77555-1043, USA.
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Sharma MR, Rothman V, Tuszynski GP, Sharma MC. Antibody-directed targeting of angiostatin's receptor annexin II inhibits Lewis Lung Carcinoma tumor growth via blocking of plasminogen activation: Possible biochemical mechanism of angiostatin's action. Exp Mol Pathol 2006; 81:136-45. [PMID: 16643891 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Revised: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Angiostatin, the N-terminal four kringles (K1-4) of parent molecule plasminogen, is reported to block Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) tumor growth and metastasis. However, angiostatin's mechanism of action is unclear. We earlier reported that angiostatin binds to cell surface annexin II through the lysine-binding domain (kringles 1-4) [Tuszynski, G.P., Sharma, M., Rothman, V.L., Sharma, M.C., 2002. Angiostatin binds to tyrosine kinase substrate annexin II through the lysine-binding domain in endothelial cells. Microvasc. Res. 64:448-462.]). We now show that annexin II on the cell surface of LLC cells regulates conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. Activation of plasminogen to plasmin is time-dependent, with the linear activation lasting up to 120 min. Monoclonal antibodies to annexin II reduced plasminogen activation by 92.6%, suggesting a specific role of annexin II in plasmin generation. Angiostatin also reduced plasmin generation by 81.6%, suggesting that angiostatin may be competing with plasminogen through lysine-binding domain. epsilon-Aminocaproic acid, a lysine analogue, effectively blocked plasminogen activation indicating that, indeed, the lysine-binding site of the kringles domain is required for activation. These data suggest that annexin II may be a receptor target for angiostatin's action. Therefore, we tested the effect of high affinity monoclonal antibody to annexin II in mouse model of LLC. A single dose of antibody treatment inhibited LLC tumor growth almost 70% with concomitant inhibition of circulating plasmin generation and its proteolytic activity. Taken together, it is possible that inhibition of LLC tumor growth and metastasis reported by angiostatin therapy may be due to blocking of annexin-II-dependent plasmin generation. Plasmin is known to influence angiogenic, invasive and metastatic capability of tumors.
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Stewart J, Fleshner N, Cole H, Sweet J. Comparison of annexin II, p63 and alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase immunoreactivity in prostatic tissue: a tissue microarray study. J Clin Pathol 2006; 60:773-80. [PMID: 16916997 PMCID: PMC1995785 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2006.040808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current ancillary markers for diagnosis in prostate biopsies include p63 and alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR). Annexin II (ANXII), a calcium and phospholipid binding protein, is lost in prostate cancer. AIMS To investigate ANXII expression in order to assess its utility as a novel diagnostic marker in comparison to p63 and AMACR. METHODS Using immunohistochemistry on six tissue microarrays, ANXII, p63, and AMACR expression was analysed from 210 radical prostatectomy cases. Staining was evaluated in benign and atrophic glands, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), and prostatic adenocarcinoma. Separate scores were given for ANXII, AMACR and p63 expression. RESULTS Diffuse cytoplasmic expression of ANXII correlated with p63 reactivity in basal cells. Benign glands were positive for ANXII in 286/292 cores (98%) and negative for AMACR in all 292 cores. HGPIN showed heterogeneous expression of AMACR and ANXII. A significantly larger proportion of HGPIN glands were correctly identified as ANXII negative than as positive for AMACR. ANXII loss in prostate cancer was found in 282/320 cores (88%) and correlated with positive AMACR expression (272/320 cores, 85%), which was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant correlation between ANXII scores and the clinical parameters examined. CONCLUSIONS Immunohistochemical staining for ANXII is a consistent and reliable marker of prostatic neoplasia. The findings of this study suggest the potential utility of ANXII as a diagnostic aid in prostate cancer histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Stewart
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sharma MR, Koltowski L, Ownbey RT, Tuszynski GP, Sharma MC. Angiogenesis-associated protein annexin II in breast cancer: selective expression in invasive breast cancer and contribution to tumor invasion and progression. Exp Mol Pathol 2006; 81:146-56. [PMID: 16643892 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2006.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2005] [Revised: 02/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/03/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Many advanced human tumors including breast cancer overproduce plasmin that is known to promote angiogenesis and metastasis. The mechanism of this effect is poorly understood. Here we report that annexin II, an endothelial co-receptor for tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) and plasminogen, was undetectable in normal and hyperplastic ductal epithelial cells and ductal complexes. By contrast, it was consistently expressed in invasive breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) indicating its involvement in breast cancer. Using the well established invasive/metastatic MDA-MB231 cell line and the noninvasive/nonmetastatic MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line, we investigated the mechanism by which annexin II regulates breast cancer progression and metastasis. Western and Northern blot analyses demonstrate selective expression of annexin II in MDA-MB231 cells but not in poorly invasive MCF-7 cells suggesting its participation in invasive breast cancer. Since annexin II is a receptor for plasminogen, we tested whether MDA-MB231 cells are capable of producing plasmin in vitro. MDA-MB231 cell membranes induced plasmin generation in a time-dependent manner while those from MCF-7 cells failed to convert plasminogen to plasmin. The generated plasmin is capable of degrading ECM consequently facilitating cell invasion and migration, biological functions required for angiogenesis and metastasis. Plasmin generation and its dependent invasion and migration can be blocked by a monoclonal antibody to annexin II or angiostatin, potent inhibitors of angiogenesis, breast cancer, and metastasis. Our findings indicate that annexin II-dependent localized plasmin generation by human breast cancer cells could contribute to angiogenesis and metastasis. These results suggest that annexin II may be an attractive target for new anti-angiogenic and anti-breast cancer therapies.
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Banerjee D, Chadalavada RSV, Bourdon V, Korkola JE, Motzer RJ, Chaganti RSK. Transcriptional Program Associated with IFN-αResponse of Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2006; 26:156-70. [PMID: 16542138 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2006.26.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is refractory to therapy; however, 10%-20% of patients respond favorably with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) treatment. To understand the molecular basis of response to IFN-alpha therapy, we performed global gene expression analysis of sensitive and resistant RCC cell lines in the absence and in the presence of IFN-alpha, using high-density oligonucleotide arrays to detect differentially expressed genes. In the absence of IFN-alpha, no significant differences in gene expression were observed between six sensitive and six resistant cell lines. Gene expression analysis following a time course of IFN-alpha2b treatment in one sensitive (SK-RC-17) and one resistant (SK-RC-12) cell line revealed that 484 and 354 transcripts, respectively, were modulated. A considerable number of these transcripts were similarly modulated between the two cell types that included several known targets of IFN signaling associated with antiviral and immunomodulatory activity. A further analysis of gene expression pattern in response to IFN revealed that several transcripts associated with proapoptotic function were upregulated in the sensitive cells. In the resistant cells, transcripts associated with cell survival and proliferation were induced, and key apoptotic molecules were suppressed. This study suggests that the IFN-alpha response of individual RCC tumors is determined by the expression pattern of genes in the apoptosis vs. survival and proliferation pathways rather than by alterations in expression of one or more individual genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debendranath Banerjee
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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