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Mercut R, Mercut I, Glodeanu A, Ionescu M, Turcu A, Stefanescu‑Dima A, Ciurea M. Eyelid carcinomas: Tumor aggressiveness tendencies for smokers compared to non‑smokers. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:234. [PMID: 35222711 PMCID: PMC8815059 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past few years, several studies have demonstrated that head and neck carcinomas present more aggressive forms for smokers, relative to non-smokers. Our aim was to investigate the tumor aggressiveness for patients with eyelid carcinomas, in relation to tobacco consumption, as well as other demographic and clinical data. For 98 patients with eyelid carcinomas, we studied the relationship between the duration of their symptoms and their tumor stage at first diagnosis, trying to determine potential correlations with smoking status and several other clinical parameters. Our data revealed that, for the same duration of symptoms, tobacco consumers tended to have higher tumor stages, which did not correlate with other variables. For early diagnosed tumors, within the first year of symptoms, smokers presented 6.044 times higher odds to exhibit more advanced tumor stages, compared to non-smokers, and this value decreased to 4.501, up to 5 years of the presence of symptoms (P<0.05). We also noted that, for smokers, an increased age was associated with increased tumor stages, which was opposed to non-smokers, regardless of their symptom duration [average odds ratio (OR) 1.122, P<0.05]. Tumor aggressiveness was therefore associated with tobacco consumption, leading to an increased risk of developing more aggressive forms of eyelid carcinomas for smokers, compared to non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Mercut
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Irina Mercut
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Adina Glodeanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihaela Ionescu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Adina Turcu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Alin Stefanescu‑Dima
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Marius Ciurea
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Takamori S, Shimokawa M, Matsubara T, Haratake N, Toyozawa R, Miura N, Yamaguchi M, Seto T, Tagawa T, Okamoto T, Takenoyama M, Maehara Y, Mori M. Prognostic Impact of Smoking Period in Patients with Surgically Resected Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 28:685-694. [PMID: 32676867 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pack-year index, which is calculated by multiplying a smoking period by the number of cigarette packs smoked per day, is frequently used to investigate the risk of developing lung cancer. Notably, however, whether the smoking period or the number of packs per day is more predictive of postoperative prognosis remains unclear in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who receive curative lung resection. PATIENTS AND METHODS Initial screening included 2055 consecutive lung cancer patients who had underwent curative lung resection between 2000 and 2016 at a single center in Japan. Data from 1134 NSCLC patients with smoking history were ultimately analyzed. Time-dependent areas under the curve (AUCs) were used to compare diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS On univariate analysis, the number of packs smoked per day was not a significant predictor of disease-free survival (DFS; p = 0.2387) or overall survival (OS; p = 0.1357). On multivariable analysis, smoking period was an independent predictor of DFS and OS (both p < 0.0001). Time-dependent smoking period AUCs were superior to those of number of packs smoked per day. On subgroup analyses, patients with a smoking period ≥ 40 years had significantly shorter DFS and OS than those with a smoking period of < 40 years, independent of sex, clinical stage, and histological type. CONCLUSIONS Smoking period was a significant prognostic indicator in NSCLC patients who underwent curative lung resection, which should be validated in further prospective and/or multicenter studies with large sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinkichi Takamori
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Mototsugu Shimokawa
- Department of Biostatistics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Taichi Matsubara
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Haratake
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Toyozawa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoko Miura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Seto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuzo Tagawa
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Okamoto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Takenoyama
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu Central Hospital of the Mutual Aid Association of Public School Teachers, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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The effects of cigarette smoking extracts on cell cycle and tumor spread: novel evidence. Future Sci OA 2019. [DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2019-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Pezzuto A, Citarella F, Croghan I, Tonini G. The effects of cigarette smoking extracts on cell cycle and tumor spread: novel evidence. Future Sci OA 2019; 5:FSO394. [PMID: 31205749 PMCID: PMC6556819 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2019-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major preventable risk factor for lung cancer, contributing to lung cancer progression and metastasis. Moreover, cigarette smoking correlates with increased metastasis frequency of pancreatic, breast and bladder cancer. The aim of this review was to examine the role of cigarette smoke extract in cell cycle and cancer progression. Clinical impact and the effects of cigarette smoke extract on carcinogenesis are discussed. 98 of the over 5000 chemicals in tobacco smoke are known carcinogens that can act on cancer genes such as K-RAS and p53. Through various mechanisms these compounds can activate molecules involved in the cell cycle, such as cyclins, and molecules involved in apoptosis and autophagy, such as Beclin-1 or LC3B. A search of the literature, including in vitro and in vivo studies, was carried out and the results summarized. There is evidence of cancerogenic effects of cigarette smoke compounds. Cigarette smoke extract is a tobacco condensate obtained by filtration processes. Studies have shown that it can modify the cell cycle, inducing uncontrolled cell proliferation. This effect occurs through activation of genetic and epigenetic pathways and increasing the expression of proteins involved in inflammation. The pathways activated by cigarette smoke extract open up opportunities for researchers to develop new targeted therapies toward the specific molecules involved. Furthermore, the effects exerted by cigarette smoke extract on normal epithelial cells hold potential for use in the development of prevention medicine and early cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Pezzuto
- Cardiovascular & Thoracic Department, AOU Sant'Andrea, Sapienza - Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Ivana Croghan
- Department of Medicine Clinical Research Office & Primary Care Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
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Ma K, Fan Y, Hu Y. Prognostic and clinical significance of metastasis-associated gene 1 overexpression in solid cancers: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12292. [PMID: 30313027 PMCID: PMC6203568 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past 2 decades, metastasis-associated gene 1 (MTA1) has attracted attention for its close association with cancer progression and its roles in chromatin remodeling processes, making it a central gene in cancer. The present meta-analysis was performed to assess MTA1 expression in solid tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS This analysis identified studies that evaluated the relationship between MTA1 expression and clinical characteristics or prognosis of patients with solid tumors via the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase electronic databases. Fixed-effect and random-effect meta-analytical techniques were used to correlate MTA1 expression with outcome measures. The outcome variables are shown as odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Analysis of 40 cohort studies involving 4564 cancer patients revealed a significant association of MTA1 overexpression with tumor patient age (>50 vs. <50 years: combined OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57-0.94), tumor grade (G3/4 vs. G1/2: combined OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.48-2.53), tumor size (>3 cm vs. <3 cm: combined OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.73-3.19), T stage (T3/4 vs. T1/2: combined OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.74-2.56), lymph node metastasis (yes vs. no: combined OR 2.92, 95% CI 2.26-3.75), distant metastasis (yes vs. no: combined OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.42-3.59), TNM stage (III/IV vs. I/II: combined OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.84-3.38), vascular invasion (yes vs. no: combined OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.92-3.56), and poor overall survival time (HR 1.83; 95% CI: 1.53-2.20; P = .000). CONCLUSIONS Our analyses demonstrate that MTA1 was an effective predictor of a worse prognosis in tumor patients. Moreover, MTA1 may play important role in tumor progression and outcome, and targeting MTA1 may be a new strategy for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan
| | - Yangwei Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Zhu W, Li G, Guo H, Chen H, Xu X, Long J, Zeng C, Wang X. Clinicopathological Significance of MTA 1 Expression in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2903-2909. [PMID: 29172257 PMCID: PMC5773769 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.11.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metastasis associated gene 1(MTA1) is one of the most deregulated molecules in human cancer and leads to cancer progression and metastasis. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the correlations between MTA1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We searched PubMed, Springer, Science Direct, Google Scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for relevant articles. For statistical analyses, we used R3.1.1 software. The fixed or random effects model was employed based on the results of the statistical test for homogeneity. Results: Seven studies involving 660 NSCLC patients were included. The proportion of MTA1 overexpression with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.53(95% CI: 0.43-0.62) in NSCLC patients; 0.47(95% CI: 0.40-0.55) in age <60 years and 0.52(95% CI: 0.34-0.70) in age ≥60 years; 0.5(95% CI: 0.41-0.62) in males and 0.51(95% CI: 0.39-0.62) in females; 0.59(95% CI: 0.48-0.69) in squamous cell carcinoma (SC) and 0.57(95% CI: 0.46-0.67) in adenocarcinoma (AC); 0.39(95% CI: 0.23-0.56) in well-differentiated tumors, 0.44(95% CI: 0.37-0.51) in moderately differentiated tumors and 0.55(95% CI: 0.37-0.51) in poorly differentiated tumors; 0.48(95% CI: 0.36-0.60) in clinical grade (III-IV) NSCLC and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.69-0.81) in clinical grade (I-II) NSCLC; 0.58(95% CI: 0.45-0.71) in T Stage (T1/T2) NSCLC; 0.68(95% CI: 0.49-0.82) in NSCLC patients with lymph node positivity and 0.51(95% CI: 0.43-0.58) in NSCLC patients with lymph node negativity. Conclusions: These results indicated that MTA1 might be a valuable biomarker in the diagnosis of NSCLC. MTA1 overexpression was significantly associated with age ≥60 years, gender, histopathological type, clinical grade (I-II), T stage (T1/T2) and lymph node positivity in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China. ,
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7
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Abstract
Since the initial recognition of the metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) as a metastasis-relevant gene approximately 20 years ago, our appreciation for the complex role of the MTA family of coregulatory proteins in human cancer has profoundly grown. MTA proteins consist of six family members with similar structural units and act as central signaling nodes for integrating upstream signals into regulatory chromatin-remodeling networks, leading to regulation of gene expression in cancer cells. Substantial experimental and clinical evidence demonstrates that MTA proteins, particularly MTA1, are frequently deregulated in a wide range of human cancers. The MTA family governs cell survival, the invasive and metastatic phenotypes of cancer cells, and the aggressiveness of cancer and the prognosis of patients with MTA1 overexpressing cancers. Our discussion here highlights our current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms and functional roles of MTA proteins in cancer progression and expands upon the potential implications of MTA proteins in cancer biology and cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Qiang Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Epigenetics in Shanghai, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M.D., Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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8
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Huang C, Wang JJ, Ma JH, Jin C, Yu Q, Zhang SX. Activation of the UPR protects against cigarette smoke-induced RPE apoptosis through up-regulation of Nrf2. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5367-80. [PMID: 25568320 PMCID: PMC4342454 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.603738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed a role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) in the regulation of RPE cell activity and survival. Herein, we examined the mechanisms by which the UPR modulates apoptotic signaling in human RPE cells challenged with cigarette smoking extract (CSE). Our results show that CSE exposure induced a dose- and time-dependent increase in ER stress markers, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial fragmentation, and apoptosis of RPE cells. These changes were prevented by the anti-oxidant NAC or chemical chaperone TMAO, suggesting a close interaction between oxidative and ER stress in CSE-induced apoptosis. To decipher the role of the UPR, overexpression or down-regulation of XBP1 and CHOP genes was manipulated by adenovirus or siRNA. Overexpressing XBP1 protected against CSE-induced apoptosis by reducing CHOP, p-p38, and caspase-3 activation. In contrast, XBP1 knockdown sensitized the cells to CSE-induced apoptosis, which is likely through a CHOP-independent pathway. Surprisingly, knockdown of CHOP reduced p-eIF2α and Nrf2 resulting in a marked increase in caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. Furthermore, Nrf2 inhibition increased ER stress and exacerbated cell apoptosis, while Nrf2 overexpression reduced CHOP and protected RPE cells. Our data suggest that although CHOP may function as a pro-apoptotic gene during ER stress, it is also required for Nrf2 up-regulation and RPE cell survival. In addition, enhancing Nrf2 and XBP1 activity may help reduce oxidative and ER stress and protect RPE cells from cigarette smoke-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangxin Huang
- From the Department of Ophthalmology/Ross Eye Institute, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14215, SUNY Eye Institute, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14215, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060 China, and
| | - Joshua J Wang
- From the Department of Ophthalmology/Ross Eye Institute, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14215, SUNY Eye Institute, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14215
| | - Jacey H Ma
- From the Department of Ophthalmology/Ross Eye Institute, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14215, SUNY Eye Institute, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14215, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060 China, and
| | - Chenjin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060 China, and
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060 China, and
| | - Sarah X Zhang
- From the Department of Ophthalmology/Ross Eye Institute, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14215, SUNY Eye Institute, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14215, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14215
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Liu T, Zou W, Shi G, Xu J, Zhang F, Xiao J, Wang Y. Hypoxia-induced MTA1 promotes MC3T3 osteoblast growth but suppresses MC3T3 osteoblast differentiation. Eur J Med Res 2015; 20:10. [PMID: 25644400 PMCID: PMC4324858 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-015-0084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone fracture is one of the most common physical injuries in which gene expression and the microenvironment are reprogramed to facilitate the recovery process. Methods By specific siRNA transfection and MTT assay, we evaluated the effects of metastasis-associated gene 1 (MTA1) in osteoblast growth. To show the role of MTA1 in osteoblast under hypoxia conditions, by overexpressing and silencing MTA1 expression, we performed mineral deposition and alkaline phosphatase activity assay to observe the differentiation status of osteoblast cells. Real-time PCR and Western blot assays were adopted to detect the expression of certain target genes. Results Here, we reported that hypoxia-induced MTA1 expression through hypoxia-induced factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and stimulated the growth of osteoblast MC3T3 cells. Silencing of MTA1 through specific siRNA suppressed MC3T3 cell growth and elicited cell differentiation and induced alkaline phosphatase activation and the upregulation of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and osteocalcin. Conclusions We found that MTA1 was regulated by HIF-1α in hypoxia circumstance to suppress osteoblast differentiation. These findings provide new insights for bone fracture healing and new strategies to develop potential targets to promote fracture healing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40001-015-0084-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tielong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, 415, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Weiwei Zou
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Guodong Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, 415, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Suqian Worker's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, Province 223800, China.
| | - Fei Zhang
- Center Hospital of Ningbo Development Zone, Ningbo, Zhejiang, Province 315800, China.
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, 415, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, 28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
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10
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Xue H, Wang H, Liu J, Liu H, Li C, Han L, Lin C, Zhan Q, Zhao Z, Qian H. MTA1 downregulation inhibits malignant potential in a small cell lung cancer cell line. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:885-92. [PMID: 25502548 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As a component of the nuclear remodeling and deacetylation complex (NuRD complex), metastasis-associated gene 1 (MTA1) has been reported to play a key role in cancer malignancy. However, whether MTA1 functions in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) malignant behavior and whether it is feasible to be used as a therapeutic target have not been evaluated. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of MTA1 downregulation on SCLC malignancy. First we demonstrated the overexpression of MTA1 in SCLC specimens. After knocking down the MTA1 level by specific siRNA sequence, the biological consequences on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis were evaluated. The results showed that MTA1 silencing had potent suppressive effects on SCLC proliferation, migration and invasion. Apoptosis but not cell cycle arrest was induced in the MTA1-silenced SCLC cells. In summary, MTA1 plays a critical role in regulating the malignant behaviors of SCLC. Depleting MTA1 level may be an effective strategy by which to suppress SCLC growth and metastasis in future biotherapeutic attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Haijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, P.R. China
| | - Chen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Zhilong Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, P.R. China
| | - Haili Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
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11
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Abstract
Gene mutation's role in initiating carcinogenesis has been controversial, but it is consensually accepted that both carcinogenesis and cancer metastasis are gene-regulated processes. MTA1, a metastasis-associated protein, has been extensively researched, especially regarding its role in cancer metastasis. In this review, I try to elucidate MTA1's role in both carcinogenesis and metastasis from a different angle. I propose that MTA1 is a stress response protein that is upregulated in various stress-related situations such as heat shock, hypoxia, and ironic radiation. Cancer cells are mostly living in a stressful environment of hypoxia, lack of nutrition, and immune reaction attacks. To cope with all these stresses, MTA1 expression is upregulated, plays a role of master regulator of gene expression, and helps cancer cells to survive and migrate out of their original dwelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-An Wang
- State Key Lab for Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, China,
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12
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Ning Z, Gan J, Chen C, Zhang D, Zhang H. Molecular functions and significance of the MTA family in hormone-independent cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2014; 33:901-19. [PMID: 25341508 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-014-9517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The members of the metastasis-associated protein (MTA) family play pivotal roles in both physiological and pathophysiological processes, especially in cancer development and metastasis, and their role as master regulators has come to light. Due to the fact that they were first identified as crucial factors in estrogen receptor-mediated breast cancer metastasis, most of the early studies focused on their hormone-dependent functions. However, the accumulating evidence shows that the members of MTA family are deregulated in most, if not all, the cancers studied so far. Therefore, the levels as well as the activities of the MTA family members are widely accepted as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and predictors of overall survival. They function differently in different cancers with specific mechanisms. p53 and HIF-1α appear to be the respectively common upstream and downstream regulator of the MTA family in both development and metastasis of a wide spectrum of cancers. Here, we review the expression and clinical significance of the MTA family, focusing on hormone-independent cancers. To illustrate the molecular mechanisms, we analyze the MTA family-related signaling pathways in different cancers. Finally, targeting the MTA family directly or the pathways involved in the MTA family indirectly could be invaluable strategies in the development of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Ning
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology, Basic Medicine College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, 437100, China
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13
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Sobus SL, Warren GW. The biologic effects of cigarette smoke on cancer cells. Cancer 2014; 120:3617-26. [PMID: 25043526 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is one of the largest preventable risk factors for developing cancer, and continued smoking by cancer patients is associated with increased toxicity, recurrence, risk of second primary cancer, and mortality. Cigarette smoke (CS) contains thousands of chemicals, including many known carcinogens. The carcinogenic effects of CS are well established, but relatively little work has been done to evaluate the effects of CS on cancer cells. In this review of the literature, the authors demonstrate that CS induces a more malignant tumor phenotype by increasing proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis and by activating prosurvival cellular pathways. Significant work is needed to understand the biologic effect of CS on cancer biology, including the development of model systems and the identification of critical biologic mediators of CS-induced changes in cancer cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Sobus
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cancer Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York; Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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14
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Abstract
The subcellular localization of a protein is closely linked to and indicates its function. The metastatic tumor antigen (MTA) family has been under continuous investigation since its identification two decades ago. MTA1, MTA2, and MTA3 are the main members of the MTA family. MTA1, as the representative member of this family, has been shown to be widely expressed in both embryonic and adult tissues, as well as in normal and cancerous conditions, indicating that MTA1 has functions both in physiological and pathological contexts. MTA1 is expressed at a higher level in most cancers than in their normal tissue counterparts. Even in normal cells, MTA1 levels vary a great deal from tissue to tissue. Importantly, MTA1 shows a multiple localization pattern in the cell, as do MTA2 and MTA3. Different MTA components in different subcellular compartments may exert different molecular functions in the cell. Previous studies revealed that MTA1 and MTA2 are predominately localized to the nucleus, while MTA3 is observed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Recent studies have reported that MTA1 is located in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and the nuclear envelope. In the nucleus, MTA1 dynamically interacts with chromatin in a MTA1-K532 methylation-dependent manner, whereas cytoplasmic MTA1 binds to the microtubule skeleton. MTA1 also shows a dynamic distribution during the cell cycle. Further investigations are needed to identify the exact subcellular localizations of MTA proteins. We review the sub-cellular localization patterns of the MTA family members and give a comprehensive overview of their respective molecular activities in multiple contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
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15
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Warren GW, Sobus S, Gritz ER. The biological and clinical effects of smoking by patients with cancer and strategies to implement evidence-based tobacco cessation support. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15:e568-80. [PMID: 25439699 PMCID: PMC5977974 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(14)70266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use is an established risk factor for the development of several cancers; however, far less work has been done to understand the effects of continued smoking on cancer treatment outcomes, and structured tobacco cessation efforts are not well incorporated into the standard care for patients with cancer. In this Review we discuss the known biological effects of smoking on cancer cell biology and emphasise the clinical effects of continued smoking in patients with cancer treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Although evidence supports the need for inclusion of dedicated tobacco cessation efforts for patients with cancer, clinicians should consider the methods used to provide evidence-based tobacco cessation support and the available resources to deliver and maintain consistent tobacco cessation support. We also address the variables to consider in the design and implementation of a sustainable tobacco cessation programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham W Warren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Samantha Sobus
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ellen R Gritz
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Zhang H, Yang D, Wang H, Wen S, Liu J, Luan Q, Huang Y, Wang B, Lin C, Qian H. Metastasis-associated gene 1 promotes invasion and migration potential of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2013; 7:399-404. [PMID: 24396455 PMCID: PMC3881929 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the metastasis-associated gene 1 (MTA1) has previously been found to be associated with progression of various cancer types to the metastasis stage. The function of MTA1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remains unclear. To explore the significance of MTA1 in the invasion and migration processes in LSCC, gene transfection and RNA interference (RNAi) were performed to study the biological function of MTA1 in the LSCC cell line, HEP-2. Results showed that MTA1 promoted the invasion, adhesion and migration behavior of LSCC cells. RNAi against MTA1 significantly decreased the malignant phenotypes of cancer cells. MTA1 may be important in the process of LSCC invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China ; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chao Yang, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chao Yang, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Haijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chao Yang, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Shuxin Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chao Yang, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Qingchun Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chao Yang, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Yixuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chao Yang, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Binquan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Chen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chao Yang, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Haili Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chao Yang, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
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