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Barman B, Thakur MK. Neuropsin promotes hippocampal synaptogenesis by regulating the expression and cleavage of L1CAM. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261422. [PMID: 38206094 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
During early postnatal brain development, the formation of proper synaptic connections between neurons is crucial for the development of functional neural networks. Recent studies have established the involvement of protease-mediated modulations of extracellular components in both synapse formation and elimination. The secretory serine protease neuropsin (also known as kallikrein-8) cleaves a few transmembrane or extracellular matrix proteins in a neural activity-dependent manner and regulates neural plasticity. However, neuropsin-dependent proteolysis of extracellular components and the involvement of these components in mouse brain development are poorly understood. We have observed that during hippocampus development, expression of neuropsin and levels of full-length or cleaved fragments of the neuropsin substrate protein L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) positively correlate with synaptogenesis. Our subcellular fractionation studies show that the expression of neuropsin and its proteolytic activity on L1CAM are enriched at developing hippocampal synapses. Activation of neuropsin expression upregulates the transcription and cleavage of L1CAM. Furthermore, blocking of neuropsin activity, as well as knockdown of L1CAM expression, significantly downregulates in vitro hippocampal synaptogenesis. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for the involvement of neuropsin activity-dependent regulation of L1CAM expression and cleavage in hippocampal synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhabotosh Barman
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Thakur
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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2
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Congiu L, Granato V, Jakovcevski I, Kleene R, Fernandes L, Freitag S, Kneussel M, Schachner M, Loers G. Mice Mutated in the Third Fibronectin Domain of L1 Show Enhanced Hippocampal Neuronal Cell Death, Astrogliosis and Alterations in Behavior. Biomolecules 2023; 13:776. [PMID: 37238646 PMCID: PMC10216033 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion molecules play major roles in cell proliferation, migration, survival, neurite outgrowth and synapse formation during nervous system development and in adulthood. The neural cell adhesion molecule L1 contributes to these functions during development and in synapse formation and synaptic plasticity after trauma in adulthood. Mutations of L1 in humans result in L1 syndrome, which is associated with mild-to-severe brain malformations and mental disabilities. Furthermore, mutations in the extracellular domain were shown to cause a severe phenotype more often than mutations in the intracellular domain. To explore the outcome of a mutation in the extracellular domain, we generated mice with disruption of the dibasic sequences RK and KR that localize to position 858RKHSKR863 in the third fibronectin type III domain of murine L1. These mice exhibit alterations in exploratory behavior and enhanced marble burying activity. Mutant mice display higher numbers of caspase 3-positive neurons, a reduced number of principle neurons in the hippocampus, and an enhanced number of glial cells. Experiments suggest that disruption of the dibasic sequence in L1 results in subtle impairments in brain structure and functions leading to obsessive-like behavior in males and reduced anxiety in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Congiu
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); (S.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Viviana Granato
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); (S.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Igor Jakovcevski
- Institut für Anatomie und Klinische Morphologie, Universität Witten/Herdecke, 58455 Witten, Germany;
| | - Ralf Kleene
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); (S.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Luciana Fernandes
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); (S.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Sandra Freitag
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); (S.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Matthias Kneussel
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); (S.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08554, USA
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany (R.K.); (S.F.); (M.K.)
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3
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A method to estimate the cellular composition of the mouse brain from heterogeneous datasets. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010739. [PMID: 36542673 PMCID: PMC9838873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse brain contains a rich diversity of inhibitory neuron types that have been characterized by their patterns of gene expression. However, it is still unclear how these cell types are distributed across the mouse brain. We developed a computational method to estimate the densities of different inhibitory neuron types across the mouse brain. Our method allows the unbiased integration of diverse and disparate datasets into one framework to predict inhibitory neuron densities for uncharted brain regions. We constrained our estimates based on previously computed brain-wide neuron densities, gene expression data from in situ hybridization image stacks together with a wide range of values reported in the literature. Using constrained optimization, we derived coherent estimates of cell densities for the different inhibitory neuron types. We estimate that 20.3% of all neurons in the mouse brain are inhibitory. Among all inhibitory neurons, 18% predominantly express parvalbumin (PV), 16% express somatostatin (SST), 3% express vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and the remainder 63% belong to the residual GABAergic population. We find that our density estimations improve as more literature values are integrated. Our pipeline is extensible, allowing new cell types or data to be integrated as they become available. The data, algorithms, software, and results of our pipeline are publicly available and update the Blue Brain Cell Atlas. This work therefore leverages the research community to collectively converge on the numbers of each cell type in each brain region.
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4
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Aksic M, Poleksic J, Aleksic D, Petronijevic N, Radonjic NV, Jakovcevski M, Kapor S, Divac N, Filipovic BR, Jakovcevski I. Maternal Deprivation in Rats Decreases the Expression of Interneuron Markers in the Neocortex and Hippocampus. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:670766. [PMID: 34168541 PMCID: PMC8217609 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.670766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress has profound effects on the development of the central nervous system. We exposed 9-day-old rat pups to a 24 h maternal deprivation (MD) and sacrificed them as young adults (60-day-old), with the aim to study the effects of early stress on forebrain circuitry. We estimated numbers of various immunohistochemically defined interneuron subpopulations in several neocortical regions and in the hippocampus. MD rats showed reduced numbers of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus and in the prefrontal cortex, compared with controls. Numbers of reelin-expressing and calretinin-expressing interneurons were also reduced in the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal areas, but unaltered in the neocortex of MD rats. The number of calbinin-expressing interneurons in the neocortex was similar in the MD rats compared with controls. We analyzed cell death in 15-day-old rats after MD and found no difference compared to control rats. Thus, our results more likely reflect the downregulation of markers than the actual loss of interneurons. To investigate synaptic activity in the hippocampus we immunostained for glutamatergic and inhibitory vesicular transporters. The number of inhibitory synapses was decreased in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus in MD rats, with the normal number of excitatory synapses. Our results indicate complex, cell type-specific, and region-specific alterations in the inhibitory circuitry induced by maternal deprivation. Such alterations may underlie symptoms of MD at the behavioral level and possibly contribute to mechanisms by which early life stress causes neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Aksic
- Institute of Anatomy Niko Miljanić, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Joko Poleksic
- Institute of Anatomy Niko Miljanić, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dubravka Aleksic
- Institute of Anatomy Niko Miljanić, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Petronijevic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena V Radonjic
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Maja Jakovcevski
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Kapor
- Institute of Anatomy Niko Miljanić, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Divac
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav R Filipovic
- Institute of Anatomy Niko Miljanić, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Jakovcevski
- Abteilung für Neuroanatomie und Molekulare Hirnforschung, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Institut für Anatomie und Klinische Morphologie, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
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5
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Hemizygous mutations in L1CAM in two unrelated male probands with childhood onset psychosis. Psychiatr Genet 2021; 30:73-82. [PMID: 32404617 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify genes underlying childhood onset psychosis. METHODS Patients with onset of psychosis at age 13 or younger were identified from clinics across England, and they and their parents were exome sequenced and analysed for possible highly penetrant genetic contributors. RESULTS We report two male childhood onset psychosis patients of different ancestries carrying hemizygous very rare possibly damaging missense variants (p.Arg846His and p.Pro145Ser) in the L1CAM gene. L1CAM is an X-linked Mendelian disease gene in which both missense and loss of function variants are associated with syndromic forms of intellectual disability and developmental disorder. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study reporting a possible extension of the phenotype of L1CAM variant carriers to childhood onset psychosis. The family history and presence of other significant rare genetic variants in the patients suggest that there may be genetic interactions modulating the presentation.
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6
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Bjerke IE, Yates SC, Laja A, Witter MP, Puchades MA, Bjaalie JG, Leergaard TB. Densities and numbers of calbindin and parvalbumin positive neurons across the rat and mouse brain. iScience 2021; 24:101906. [PMID: 33385111 PMCID: PMC7770605 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin and calbindin are expressed in neuronal populations regulating brain networks involved in spatial navigation, memory processes, and social interactions. Information about the numbers of these neurons across brain regions is required to understand their functional roles but is scarcely available. Employing semi-automated image analysis, we performed brain-wide analysis of immunohistochemically stained parvalbumin and calbindin sections and show that these neurons distribute in complementary patterns across the mouse brain. Parvalbumin neurons dominate in areas related to sensorimotor processing and navigation, whereas calbindin neurons prevail in regions reflecting behavioral states. We also find that parvalbumin neurons distribute according to similar principles in the hippocampal region of the rat and mouse brain. We validated our results against manual counts and evaluated variability of results among researchers. Comparison of our results to previous reports showed that neuron numbers vary, whereas patterns of relative densities and numbers are consistent. Brain-wide, semi-automatic quantification of parvalbumin and calbindin neurons Largely complementary distribution of calbindin and parvalbumin neurons in mice Comparison with several previous studies shows variable numbers but similar trends Similar distribution of parvalbumin neurons in the rat and mouse hippocampal region
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild E Bjerke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sharon C Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arthur Laja
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Menno P Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maja A Puchades
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan G Bjaalie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve B Leergaard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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7
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Erö C, Gewaltig MO, Keller D, Markram H. A Cell Atlas for the Mouse Brain. Front Neuroinform 2018; 12:84. [PMID: 30546301 PMCID: PMC6280067 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2018.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite vast numbers of studies of stained cells in the mouse brain, no current brain atlas provides region-by-region neuron counts. In fact, neuron numbers are only available for about 4% of brain of regions and estimates often vary by as much as 3-fold. Here we provide a first 3D cell atlas for the whole mouse brain, showing cell positions constructed algorithmically from whole brain Nissl and gene expression stains, and compared against values from the literature. The atlas provides the densities and positions of all excitatory and inhibitory neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia in each of the 737 brain regions defined in the AMBA. The atlas is dynamic, allowing comparison with previously reported numbers, addition of cell types, and improvement of estimates as new data is integrated. The atlas also provides insights into cellular organization only possible at this whole brain scale, and is publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Erö
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc-Oliver Gewaltig
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Keller
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Henry Markram
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Keller D, Erö C, Markram H. Cell Densities in the Mouse Brain: A Systematic Review. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:83. [PMID: 30405363 PMCID: PMC6205984 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse brain is the most extensively studied brain of all species. We performed an exhaustive review of the literature to establish our current state of knowledge on cell numbers in mouse brain regions, arguably the most fundamental property to measure when attempting to understand a brain. The synthesized information, collected in one place, can be used by both theorists and experimentalists. Although for commonly-studied regions cell densities could be obtained for principal cell types, overall we know very little about how many cells are present in most brain regions and even less about cell-type specific densities. There is also substantial variation in cell density values obtained from different sources. This suggests that we need a new approach to obtain cell density datasets for the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Keller
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
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9
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Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules of the Immunoglobulin Superfamily Regulate Synapse Formation, Maintenance, and Function. Trends Neurosci 2017; 40:295-308. [PMID: 28359630 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin superfamily adhesion molecules are among the most abundant proteins in vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. Prominent family members are the neural cell adhesion molecules NCAM and L1, which were the first to be shown to be essential not only in development but also in synaptic function and as key regulators of synapse formation, synaptic activity, plasticity, and synaptic vesicle recycling at distinct developmental and activity stages. In addition to interacting with each other, adhesion molecules interact with ion channels and cytokine and neurotransmitter receptors. Mutations in their genes are linked to neurological disorders associated with abnormal development and synaptic functioning. This review presents an overview of recent studies on these molecules and their crucial impact on neurological disorders.
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10
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Menzel L, Paterka M, Bittner S, White R, Bobkiewicz W, van Horssen J, Schachner M, Witsch E, Kuhlmann T, Zipp F, Schäfer MKE. Down-regulation of neuronal L1 cell adhesion molecule expression alleviates inflammatory neuronal injury. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 132:703-720. [PMID: 27544757 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), the immune cell attack leads to axonal injury as a major cause for neurological disability. Here, we report a novel role of the cell adhesion molecule L1 in the crosstalk between the immune and nervous systems. L1 was found to be expressed by CNS axons of MS patients and human T cells. In MOG35-55-induced murine experimental neuroinflammation, CD4+ T cells were associated with degenerating axons in the spinal cord, both expressing L1. However, neuronal L1 expression in the spinal cord was reduced, while levels of the transcriptional repressor REST (RE1-Silencing Transcription Factor) were up-regulated. In PLP139-151-induced relapsing-remitting neuroinflammation, L1 expression was low at the peak stage of disease, reached almost normal levels in the remission stage, but decreased again during disease relapse indicating adaptive expression regulation of L1. In vitro, activated CD4+ T cells caused contact-dependent down-regulation of L1, up-regulation of its repressor REST and axonal injury in co-cultured neurons. T cell adhesion to neurons and axonal injury were prevented by an antibody blocking L1 suggesting that down-regulation of L1 ameliorates neuroinflammation. In support of this hypothesis, antibody-mediated blocking of L1 in C57BL/6 mice as well as neuron-specific depletion of L1 in synapsinCre × L1fl/fl mice reduces disease severity and axonal pathology despite unchanged immune cell infiltration of the CNS. Our data suggest that down-regulation of neuronal L1 expression is an adaptive process of neuronal self-defense in response to pro-inflammatory T cells, thereby alleviating immune-mediated axonal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Menzel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Magdalena Paterka
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn²), Mainz, Germany
| | - Robin White
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wiesia Bobkiewicz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jack van Horssen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Esther Witsch
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn²), Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael K E Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn²), Mainz, Germany.
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11
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Schmalbach B, Lepsveridze E, Djogo N, Papashvili G, Kuang F, Leshchyns'ka I, Sytnyk V, Nikonenko AG, Dityatev A, Jakovcevski I, Schachner M. Age-dependent loss of parvalbumin-expressing hippocampal interneurons in mice deficient in CHL1, a mental retardation and schizophrenia susceptibility gene. J Neurochem 2015; 135:830-44. [PMID: 26285062 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In humans, deletions/mutations in the CHL1/CALL gene are associated with mental retardation and schizophrenia. Juvenile CHL1-deficient (CHL1(-/-) ) mice have been shown to display abnormally high numbers of parvalbumin-expressing (PV(+) ) hippocampal interneurons and, as adults, display behavioral traits observed in neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we addressed the question whether inhibitory interneurons and synaptic plasticity in the CHL1(-/-) mouse are affected during brain maturation and in adulthood. We found that hippocampal, but not neocortical, PV(+) interneurons were reduced with age in CHL1(-/-) mice, from a surplus of +27% at 1 month to a deficit of -20% in adulthood compared with wild-type littermates. This loss occurred during brain maturation, correlating with microgliosis and enhanced interleukin-6 expression. In parallel with the loss of PV(+) interneurons, the inhibitory input to adult CA1 pyramidal cells was reduced and a deficit in short- and long-term potentiation developed at CA3-CA1 excitatory synapses between 2 and 9 months of age in CHL1(-/-) mice. This deficit could be abrogated by a GABAA receptor agonist. We propose that region-specific aberrant GABAergic synaptic connectivity resulting from the mutation and a subsequently enhanced synaptic elimination during brain maturation lead to microgliosis, increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, loss of interneurons, and impaired synaptic plasticity. Close homolog of L1-deficient (CHL1(-/-) ) mice have abnormally high numbers of parvalbumin (PV)-expressing hippocampal interneurons in juvenile animals, but in adult animals a loss of these cells is observed. This loss correlates with an increased density of microglia (M), enhanced interleukin-6 (IL6) production and a deficit in short- and long-term potentiation at CA3-CA1 excitatory synapses. Furthermore, adult CHL1(-/-) mice display behavioral traits similar to those observed in neuropsychiatric disorders of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schmalbach
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eka Lepsveridze
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nevena Djogo
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giorgi Papashvili
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fang Kuang
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Iryna Leshchyns'ka
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vladimir Sytnyk
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander G Nikonenko
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Igor Jakovcevski
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Experimental Neurophysiology, University Hospital Cologne, Köln, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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12
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Heterozygous L1-deficient mice express an autism-like phenotype. Behav Brain Res 2015; 292:432-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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13
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Gallistel CR, Tucci V, Nolan PM, Schachner M, Jakovcevski I, Kheifets A, Barboza L. Cognitive assessment of mice strains heterozygous for cell-adhesion genes reveals strain-specific alterations in timing. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20120464. [PMID: 24446498 PMCID: PMC3895989 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a fully automated system for the behavioural measurement of physiologically meaningful properties of basic mechanisms of cognition to test two strains of heterozygous mutant mice, Bfc (batface) and L1, and their wild-type littermate controls. Both of the target genes are involved in the establishment and maintenance of synapses. We find that the Bfc heterozygotes show reduced precision in their representation of interval duration, whereas the L1 heterozygotes show increased precision. These effects are functionally specific, because many other measures made on the same mice are unaffected, namely: the accuracy of matching temporal investment ratios to income ratios in a matching protocol, the rate of instrumental and classical conditioning, the latency to initiate a cued instrumental response, the trials on task and the impulsivity in a switch paradigm, the accuracy with which mice adjust timed switches to changes in the temporal constraints, the days to acquisition, and mean onset time and onset variability in the circadian anticipation of food availability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valter Tucci
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Patrick M. Nolan
- MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Departments of Genetics and Neurobiology, D251 Nelson Labs, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-6999, USA
| | - Igor Jakovcevski
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitaetskrankenhaus Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, Hamburg D20251, Germany
| | - Aaron Kheifets
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, 152 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
| | - Luendro Barboza
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, 152 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
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