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Rapaka D, Tebogo MO, Mathew EM, Adiukwu PC, Bitra VR. Targeting papez circuit for cognitive dysfunction- insights into deep brain stimulation for Alzheimer's disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30574. [PMID: 38726200 PMCID: PMC11079300 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hippocampus is the most widely studied brain area coupled with impairment of memory in a variety of neurological diseases and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The limbic structures within the Papez circuit have been linked to various aspects of cognition. Unfortunately, the brain regions that include this memory circuit are often ignored in terms of understanding cognitive decline in these diseases. To properly comprehend where cognition problems originate, it is crucial to clarify any aberrant contributions from all components of a specific circuit -on both a local and a global level. The pharmacological treatments currently available are not long lasting. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) emerged as a new powerful therapeutic approach for alleviation of the cognitive dysfunctions. Metabolic, functional, electrophysiological, and imaging studies helped to find out the crucial nodes that can be accessible for DBS. Targeting these nodes within the memory circuit produced significant improvement in learning and memory by disrupting abnormal circuit activity and restoring the physiological network. Here, we provide an overview of the neuroanatomy of the circuit of Papez along with the mechanisms and various deep brain stimulation targets of the circuit structures which could be significant for improving cognitive dysfunctions in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Motshegwana O. Tebogo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana, P/Bag-0022
| | - Elizabeth M. Mathew
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana, P/Bag-0022
| | | | - Veera Raghavulu Bitra
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana, P/Bag-0022
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2
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Zhang KK, Matin R, Gorodetsky C, Ibrahim GM, Gouveia FV. Systematic review of rodent studies of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of neurological, developmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:186. [PMID: 38605027 PMCID: PMC11009311 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) modulates local and widespread connectivity in dysfunctional networks. Positive results are observed in several patient populations; however, the precise mechanisms underlying treatment remain unknown. Translational DBS studies aim to answer these questions and provide knowledge for advancing the field. Here, we systematically review the literature on DBS studies involving models of neurological, developmental and neuropsychiatric disorders to provide a synthesis of the current scientific landscape surrounding this topic. A systematic analysis of the literature was performed following PRISMA guidelines. 407 original articles were included. Data extraction focused on study characteristics, including stimulation protocol, behavioural outcomes, and mechanisms of action. The number of articles published increased over the years, including 16 rat models and 13 mouse models of transgenic or healthy animals exposed to external factors to induce symptoms. Most studies targeted telencephalic structures with varying stimulation settings. Positive behavioural outcomes were reported in 85.8% of the included studies. In models of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, DBS-induced effects were associated with changes in monoamines and neuronal activity along the mesocorticolimbic circuit. For movement disorders, DBS improves symptoms via modulation of the striatal dopaminergic system. In dementia and epilepsy models, changes to cellular and molecular aspects of the hippocampus were shown to underlie symptom improvement. Despite limitations in translating findings from preclinical to clinical settings, rodent studies have contributed substantially to our current knowledge of the pathophysiology of disease and DBS mechanisms. Direct inhibition/excitation of neural activity, whereby DBS modulates pathological oscillatory activity within brain networks, is among the major theories of its mechanism. However, there remain fundamental questions on mechanisms, optimal targets and parameters that need to be better understood to improve this therapy and provide more individualized treatment according to the patient's predominant symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina K Zhang
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rafi Matin
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - George M Ibrahim
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Wang Q, Tang B, Hao S, Wu Z, Yang T, Tang J. Forniceal deep brain stimulation in a mouse model of Rett syndrome increases neurogenesis and hippocampal memory beyond the treatment period. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:1401-1411. [PMID: 37704033 PMCID: PMC11152200 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rett syndrome (RTT), caused by mutations in the X-linked gene encoding methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), severely impairs learning and memory. We previously showed that forniceal deep brain stimulation (DBS) stimulates hippocampal neurogenesis with concomitant improvements in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory in a mouse model of RTT. OBJECTIVES To determine the duration of DBS benefits; characterize DBS effects on hippocampal neurogenesis; and determine whether DBS influences MECP2 genotype and survival of newborn dentate granular cells (DGCs) in RTT mice. METHODS Chronic DBS was delivered through an electrode implanted in the fimbria-fornix. We tested separate cohorts of mice in contextual and cued fear memory at different time points after DBS. We then examined neurogenesis, DGC apoptosis, and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) after DBS by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS After two weeks of forniceal DBS, memory improvements lasted between 6 and 9 weeks. Repeating DBS every 6 weeks was sufficient to maintain the improvement. Forniceal DBS stimulated the birth of more MeCP2-positive than MeCP2-negative DGCs and had no effect on DGC survival. It also increased the expression of BDNF but not VEGF in the RTT mouse dentate gyrus. CONCLUSION Improvements in learning and memory from forniceal DBS in RTT mice extends well beyond the treatment period and can be maintained by repeated DBS. Stimulation of BDNF expression correlates with improvements in hippocampal neurogenesis and memory benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bin Tang
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shuang Hao
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tingting Yang
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jianrong Tang
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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4
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Liu Z, Shu K, Geng Y, Cai C, Kang H. Deep brain stimulation of fornix in Alzheimer's disease: From basic research to clinical practice. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e13995. [PMID: 37004153 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative diseases associated with the degradation of memory and cognitive ability. Current pharmacotherapies show little therapeutic effect in AD treatment and still cannot prevent the pathological progression of AD. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown to enhance memory in morbid obese, epilepsy and traumatic brain injury patients, and cognition in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients deteriorates during DBS off. Some relevant animal studies and clinical trials have been carried out to discuss the DBS treatment for AD. Reviewing the fornix trials, no unified conclusion has been reached about the clinical benefits of DBS in AD, and the dementia ratings scale has not been effectively improved in the long term. However, some patients have presented promising results, such as improved glucose metabolism, increased connectivity in cognition-related brain regions and even elevated cognitive function rating scale scores. The fornix plays an important regulatory role in memory, attention, and emotion through its complex fibre projection to cognition-related structures, making it a promising target for DBS for AD treatment. Moreover, the current stereotaxic technique and various evaluation methods have provided references for the operator to select accurate stimulation points. Related adverse events and relatively higher costs in DBS have been emphasized. In this article, we summarize and update the research progression on fornix DBS in AD and seek to provide a reliable reference for subsequent experimental studies on DBS treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yumei Geng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chang Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for E-Learning, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huicong Kang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Poon CH, Liu Y, Pak S, Zhao RC, Aquili L, Tipoe GL, Leung GKK, Chan YS, Yang S, Fung ML, Wu EX, Lim LW. Prelimbic Cortical Stimulation with L-methionine Enhances Cognition through Hippocampal DNA Methylation and Neuroplasticity Mechanisms. Aging Dis 2023; 14:112-135. [PMID: 36818556 PMCID: PMC9937711 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Declining global DNA methylation and cognitive impairment are reported to occur in the normal aging process. It is not known if DNA methylation plays a role in the efficacy of memory-enhancing therapies. In this study, aged animals were administered prelimbic cortical deep brain stimulation (PrL DBS) and/or L-methionine (MET) treatment. We found that PrL DBS and MET (MET-PrL DBS) co-administration resulted in hippocampal-dependent spatial memory enhancements in aged animals. Molecular data suggested MET-PrL DBS induced DNA methyltransferase DNMT3a-dependent methylation, robust synergistic upregulation of neuroplasticity-related genes, and simultaneous inhibition of the memory-suppressing gene calcineurin in the hippocampus. We further found that MET-PrL DBS also activated the PKA-CaMKIIα-BDNF pathway, increased hippocampal neurogenesis, and enhanced dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. We next inhibited the activity of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) by RG108 infusion in the hippocampus of young animals to establish a causal relationship between DNMT activity and the effects of PrL DBS. Hippocampal DNMT inhibition in young animals was sufficient to recapitulate the behavioral deficits observed in aged animals and abolished the memory-enhancing and molecular effects of PrL DBS. Our findings implicate hippocampal DNMT as a therapeutic target for PrL DBS and pave way for the potential use of non-invasive neuromodulation modalities against dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Him Poon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Sojeong Pak
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - Luca Aquili
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Discipline of Psychology, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
| | - George Lim Tipoe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Gilberto Ka-Kit Leung
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Sungchil Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Man-Lung Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ed Xuekui Wu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Lee Wei LIM, Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .
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6
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Nikolenko VN, Rizaeva NA, Oganesyan MV, Vekhova KA, Alyautdinova NAF, Balan SI, Karashaeva TA, Bolotskaya AA. Brain commissures and related pathologies. NEUROLOGY, NEUROPSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOSOMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.14412/2074-2711-2022-6-73-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. N. Nikolenko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University); Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - N. A. Rizaeva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University); Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - M. V. Oganesyan
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University); Lomonosov Moscow State University
| | - K. A. Vekhova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
| | | | | | - T. A. Karashaeva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
| | - A. A. Bolotskaya
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
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7
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Liu H, Wolters A, Temel Y, Alosaimi F, Jahanshahi A, Hescham S. Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in an experimental rat model of dementia: Stimulation parameters and mechanisms. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105797. [PMID: 35738477 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) has gained interest as a potential therapy for treatment-resistant dementia. However, optimal stimulation parameters and mechanisms of action are yet to be elucidated. METHODS First, we assessed NBM DBS at different stimulation parameters in a scopolamine-induced rat model of dementia. Rats were tested in the object location task with the following conditions: (i) low and high frequency (20 Hz or 120 Hz), (ii) monophasic or biphasic pulse shape (iii) continuous or intermittent DBS (20s on, 40s off) and 100 μA amplitude. Thereafter, rats were stimulated with the most effective parameter followed by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) administration and perfused 4 weeks later. We then evaluated the effects of NBM DBS on hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and on cholinergic fibres in the perirhinal and cingulate cortex using immunohistochemistry. We also performed in-vivo microdialysis to assess circuit-wide effects of NBM DBS on hippocampal acetylcholine levels during on and off stimulation. RESULTS Biphasic, low frequency and intermittent NBM DBS reversed the memory impairing effects of scopolamine when compared to sham rats. We found that acute stimulation promoted proliferation in the dentate gyrus, increased synaptic plasticity in the CA1 and CA3 subregion of the hippocampus, and increased length of cholinergic fibres in the cingulate gyrus. There was no difference regarding hippocampal acetylcholine levels between the groups. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the potential mechanism of action of the induced memory enhancement through NBM DBS might be due to selective neuroplastic and neurochemical changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk Wolters
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Faisal Alosaimi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ali Jahanshahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah Hescham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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8
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Li R, Zhang C, Rao Y, Yuan TF. Deep brain stimulation of fornix for memory improvement in Alzheimer's disease: A critical review. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101668. [PMID: 35705176 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Memory reflects the brain function in encoding, storage and retrieval of the data or information, which is a fundamental ability for any live organism. The development of approaches to improve memory attracts much attention due to the underlying mechanistic insight and therapeutic potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases with memory loss, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a reversible, adjustable, and non-ablative therapy, has been shown to be safe and effective in many clinical trials for neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Among all potential regions with access to invasive electrodes, fornix is considered as it is the major afferent and efferent connection of the hippocampus known to be closely associated with learning and memory. Indeed, clinical trials have demonstrated that fornix DBS globally improved cognitive function in a subset of patients with AD, indicating fornix can serve as a potential target for neurosurgical intervention in treating memory impairment in AD. The present review aims to provide a better understanding of recent progresses in the application of fornix DBS for ameliorating memory impairments in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxia Rao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, China.
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Wu L, Canna A, Narvaez O, Ma J, Sang S, Lehto LJ, Sierra A, Tanila H, Zhang Y, Gröhn O, Low WC, Filip P, Mangia S, Michaeli S. Orientation selective DBS of entorhinal cortex and medial septal nucleus modulates activity of rat brain areas involved in memory and cognition. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8565. [PMID: 35595790 PMCID: PMC9122972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently introduced orientation selective deep brain stimulation (OS-DBS) technique freely controls the direction of the electric field's spatial gradient by using multiple contacts with independent current sources within a multielectrode array. The goal of OS-DBS is to align the electrical field along the axonal track of interest passing through the stimulation site. Here we utilized OS-DBS with a planar 3-channel electrode for stimulating the rat entorhinal cortex (EC) and medial septal nucleus (MSN), two promising areas for DBS treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The brain responses to OS-DBS were monitored by whole brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 9.4 T with Multi-Band Sweep Imaging with Fourier Transformation (MB-SWIFT). Varying the in-plane OS-DBS stimulation angle in the EC resulted in activity modulation of multiple downstream brain areas involved in memory and cognition. Contrary to that, no angle dependence of brain activations was observed when stimulating the MSN, consistent with predictions based on the electrode configuration and on the main axonal directions of the targets derived from diffusion MRI tractography and histology. We conclude that tuning the OS-DBS stimulation angle modulates the activation of brain areas relevant to Alzheimer's disease, thus holding great promise in the DBS treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Antonietta Canna
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Omar Narvaez
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Sheng Sang
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lauri J Lehto
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alejandra Sierra
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Olli Gröhn
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Walter C Low
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Pavel Filip
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Mangia
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shalom Michaeli
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Radiology Department, Center for MR Research, University of Minnesota, 2021 6th St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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10
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Pardo M, Khizroev S. Where do we stand now regarding treatment of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders? Considerations in using magnetoelectric nanoparticles as an innovative approach. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1781. [PMID: 35191206 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Almost 1000 million people have recently been diagnosed with a mental health or substance disorder (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). Psychiatric disorders, and their treatment, represent a big burden to the society worldwide, causing about 8 million deaths per year (Walker et al., 2015). Daily progress in science enables continuous advances in methods to treat patients; however, the brain remains to be the most unknown and complex organ of the body. There is a growing demand for innovative approaches to treat psychiatric as well as neurodegenerative disorders, disorders with unknown curability, and treatments mostly designed to slow disease progression. Based on that need and the peculiarity of the central nervous system, in the present review, we highlight the handicaps of the existing approaches as well as discuss the potential of the recently introduced magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs) to become a game-changing tool in future applications for the treatment of brain alterations. Unlike other stimulation approaches, MENPs have the potential to enable a wirelessly controlled stimulation at a single-neuron level without requiring genetic modification of the neural tissue and no toxicity has yet been reported. Their potential as a new tool for targeting the brain is discussed. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Neurological Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pardo
- Miller School of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sakhrat Khizroev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
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11
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Faßbender RV, Goedecke J, Visser-Vandewalle V, Fink GR, Onur OA. [Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Dementia]. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2022; 90:336-342. [PMID: 35483888 DOI: 10.1055/a-1787-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increasing number of cases of Alzheimer's disease and the relatively moderate success with the available symptomatic and causal pharmacological therapies, there is a considerable need to explore non-pharmacological treatment options. In the field of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), various methods have been investigated, particularly transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial electrical stimulation. In addition, deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently being researched as an innovative method for targeted neuromodulation. Both non-invasive and invasive approaches aim to modulate neuronal activity and improve cognitive-mnestic functions. Secondary mechanisms such as long-term potentiation in NIBS or neurogenesis in DBS could also achieve long-term positive effects. Preclinical and clinical studies have already shown promising results in patients in early stages of Alzheimer's disease. However, inconsistent study and stimulation protocols and small sample sizes make it difficult to assess efficacy. Further research is warranted to enable the use of non-invasive or invasive neuromodulatory approaches in clinical practice in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja V Faßbender
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany.,Institut für Neurowissenschaften (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jana Goedecke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Veerle Visser-Vandewalle
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Stereotaxie und Funktionelle Neurochirurgie, Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany.,Institut für Neurowissenschaften (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Oezguer A Onur
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany.,Institut für Neurowissenschaften (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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12
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Yang X, Zhang R, Sun Z, Kurths J. Controlling Alzheimer's Disease Through the Deep Brain Stimulation to Thalamic Relay Cells. Front Comput Neurosci 2021; 15:636770. [PMID: 34819845 PMCID: PMC8606419 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2021.636770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and clinical studies have shown that the technique of deep brain stimulation (DBS) plays a potential role in the regulation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet it still desires for ongoing studies including clinical trials, theoretical approach and action mechanism. In this work, we develop a modified thalamo-cortico-thalamic (TCT) model associated with AD to explore the therapeutic effects of DBS on AD from the perspective of neurocomputation. First, the neuropathological state of AD resulting from synapse loss is mimicked by decreasing the synaptic connectivity strength from the Inter-Neurons (IN) neuron population to the Thalamic Relay Cells (TRC) neuron population. Under such AD condition, a specific deep brain stimulation voltage is then implanted into the neural nucleus of TRC in this TCT model. The symptom of AD is found significantly relieved by means of power spectrum analysis and nonlinear dynamical analysis. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of DBS on AD are systematically examined in different parameter space of DBS. The results demonstrate that the controlling effect of DBS on AD can be efficient by appropriately tuning the key parameters of DBS including amplitude A, period P and duration D. This work highlights the critical role of thalamus stimulation for brain disease, and provides a theoretical basis for future experimental and clinical studies in treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoLi Yang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - RuiXi Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - ZhongKui Sun
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jürgen Kurths
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Physics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Centre for Analysis of Complex Systems, World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Hou G, Lai W, Jiang W, Liu X, Qian L, Zhang Y, Zhou Z. Myelin deficits in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder: An inhomogeneous magnetization transfer study. Neurosci Lett 2021; 750:135768. [PMID: 33636288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSES The recently developed myelin imaging method, inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT), is a surrogate measure of myelin content. The goal of the current study was to investigate alterations in myelin integrity in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder (rMDD). METHODS Fifty-two patients with rMDD (36 female and 16 male) and 42 healthy controls (HC, 29 female and 13 male) were included. Two ihMT indices, quantitative ihMT (qihMT) and quantitative MT (qMT), were estimated from the ihMT data. A 50 white matter atlas was used to extract the regional quantitative values for each subject. The differences in qihMT and qMT values between the rMDD and HC groups were compared by a general linear model. Pearson correlation analyses were conducted to investigate associations between the significantly altered ihMT indices and clinical measures (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores and disease duration) in rMDD group. RESULTS The rMDD group showed significantly lower qihMT values in the fornix, left anterior limb of internal capsule, and left sagittal stratum, and lower qMT values in the fornix and left anterior limb of internal capsule than those of the HC group (p < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected). Both the qihMT and qMT values in the fornix of patients with rMDD were negatively correlated with disease duration (qihMT: r = -0.478, p < 0.001, Bonferroni corrected; qMT: r = -0.433, p = 0.001, Bonferroni corrected). CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that rMDD is associated with myelin impairment in the fornix, left anterior limb of internal capsule, and left sagittal stratum. In addition, this disruption of myelin integrity in the fornix could be cumulative as the disease progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangqiang Hou
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Wentao Lai
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Wentao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Long Qian
- MR Research, GE Healthcare, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yingli Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Zhifeng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
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14
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Hescham S, Temel Y. Electrical stimulation of the fornix for the treatment of brain diseases. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 180:447-454. [PMID: 34225947 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820107-7.00028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has proven to be safe and effective for both hypo- and hyperkinetic movement disorders of basal ganglia origin, while its application to other neural pathways such as the circuit of Papez is under investigation. In particular, the fornix has gained interest as potential DBS target to decrease rates of cognitive decline, enhance memory, aid visuospatial memorization, and improve verbal recollection. While the exact mechanisms of action of fornix DBS are not completely understood, studies found enhanced hippocampal acetylcholine release, synaptic plasticity, and decreased inflammatory responses in cortex and hippocampus. Nevertheless, it is still premature to conclude that fornix DBS can be used in the treatment of cognitive disorders, and the field needs sound, preclinically tested, and disease-specific a posteriori hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hescham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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15
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Lam J, Lee J, Liu CY, Lozano AM, Lee DJ. Deep Brain Stimulation for Alzheimer's Disease: Tackling Circuit Dysfunction. Neuromodulation 2020; 24:171-186. [PMID: 33377280 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Treatments for Alzheimer's disease are urgently needed given its enormous human and economic costs and disappointing results of clinical trials targeting the primary amyloid and tau pathology. On the other hand, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has demonstrated success in other neurological and psychiatric disorders leading to great interest in DBS as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS We review the literature on 1) circuit dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and 2) DBS for Alzheimer's disease. Human and animal studies are reviewed individually. RESULTS There is accumulating evidence of neural circuit dysfunction at the structural, functional, electrophysiological, and neurotransmitter level. Recent evidence from humans and animals indicate that DBS has the potential to restore circuit dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease, similarly to other movement and psychiatric disorders, and may even slow or reverse the underlying disease pathophysiology. CONCLUSIONS DBS is an intriguing potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease, targeting circuit dysfunction as a novel therapeutic target. However, further exploration of the basic disease pathology and underlying mechanisms of DBS is necessary to better understand how circuit dysfunction can be restored. Additionally, robust clinical data in the form of ongoing phase III clinical trials are needed to validate the efficacy of DBS as a viable treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Lam
- USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Justin Lee
- USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Charles Y Liu
- USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Darrin J Lee
- USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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16
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Stefani A, Cerroni R, Pierantozzi M, D’Angelo V, Grandi L, Spanetta M, Galati S. Deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease patients and routine 6‐OHDA rodent models: Synergies and pitfalls. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:2322-2343. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Stefani
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Rocco Cerroni
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Mariangela Pierantozzi
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Vincenza D’Angelo
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Laura Grandi
- Center for Movement Disorders Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland Lugano Switzerland
| | - Matteo Spanetta
- Department of System Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy
| | - Salvatore Galati
- Center for Movement Disorders Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland Lugano Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Università della Svizzera Italiana Lugano Switzerland
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17
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Tan SZK, Neoh J, Lawrence AJ, Wu EX, Lim LW. Prelimbic Cortical Stimulation Improves Spatial Memory Through Distinct Patterns of Hippocampal Gene Expression in Aged Rats. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:2054-2068. [PMID: 32816221 PMCID: PMC7851284 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00913-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia poses major health challenges worldwide, yet current treatments are faced with issues of efficacy and toxicity. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising non-pharmacological treatment for dementia, but most DBS studies use young healthy animals, which may not be aetiologically relevant. In this study, we used an aged rat model in which cognitive decline occurs through a natural ageing process. We used a Morris water maze (MWM) to determine the effects of prelimbic cortex (PrL) DBS on memory in aged rats. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of DBS, we carried out microarray, quantitative PCR analysis, and mass spectrometry to detect gene expression and neurotransmitter changes in the hippocampus. We showed PrL DBS improved the performance in MWM, with related distinct patterns of gene expression involving G protein-coupled receptor pathways. We further found neurotransmitter changes in the dorsal hippocampus, which corroborated and extended the microarray findings. Our results suggest that non-neurogenesis pathways play roles in the effects of DBS. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of DBS on memory beyond neurogenesis and to consider the highlighted pathways suggested by our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Zheng Kai Tan
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Joveen Neoh
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Andrew John Lawrence
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Ed Xuekui Wu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
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18
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Koulousakis P, Andrade P, Visser-Vandewalle V, Sesia T. The Nucleus Basalis of Meynert and Its Role in Deep Brain Stimulation for Cognitive Disorders: A Historical Perspective. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:905-919. [PMID: 31104014 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) was first described at the end of the 19th century and named after its discoverer, Theodor Meynert. The nbM contains a large population of cholinergic neurons that project their axons to the entire cortical mantle, the olfactory tubercle, and the amygdala. It has been functionally associated with the control of attention and maintenance of arousal, both key functions for appropriate learning and memory formation. This structure is well-conserved across vertebrates, although its degree of organization varies between species. Since early in the investigation of its functional and pathological significance, its degeneration has been linked to various major neuropsychiatric disorders. For instance, Lewy bodies, a hallmark in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, were originally described in the nbM. Since then, its involvement in other Lewy body and dementia-related disorders has been recognized. In the context of recent positive outcomes following nbM deep brain stimulation in subjects with dementia-associated disorders, we review the literature from an historical perspective focusing on how the nbM came into focus as a promising therapeutic option for patients with Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, we will discuss what is needed to further develop and widely implement this approach as well as examine novel medical indications for which nbM deep brain stimulation may prove beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippos Koulousakis
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pablo Andrade
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Visser-Vandewalle
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thibaut Sesia
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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19
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Liu H, Temel Y, Boonstra J, Hescham S. The effect of fornix deep brain stimulation in brain diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3279-3291. [PMID: 31974655 PMCID: PMC7426306 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation is used to alleviate symptoms of neurological and psychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and obsessive-compulsive-disorder. Electrically stimulating limbic structures has been of great interest, and in particular, the region of the fornix. We conducted a systematic search for studies that reported clinical and preclinical outcomes of deep brain stimulation within the fornix up to July 2019. We identified 13 studies (7 clinical, 6 preclinical) that examined the effects of fornix stimulation in Alzheimer's disease (n = 9), traumatic brain injury (n = 2), Rett syndrome (n = 1), and temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 1). Overall, fornix stimulation can lead to decreased rates of cognitive decline (in humans), enhanced memory (in humans and animals), visuo-spatial memorization (in humans and animals), and improving verbal recollection (in humans). While the exact mechanisms of action are not completely understood, studies suggest fornix DBS to be involved with increased functional connectivity and neurotransmitter levels, as well as enhanced neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jackson Boonstra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Hescham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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20
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Mankin EA, Fried I. Modulation of Human Memory by Deep Brain Stimulation of the Entorhinal-Hippocampal Circuitry. Neuron 2020; 106:218-235. [PMID: 32325058 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders affecting human memory present a major scientific, medical, and societal challenge. Direct or indirect deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the entorhinal-hippocampal system, the brain's major memory hub, has been studied in people with epilepsy or Alzheimer's disease, intending to enhance memory performance or slow memory decline. Variability in the spatiotemporal parameters of stimulation employed to date notwithstanding, it is likely that future DBS for memory will employ closed-loop, nuanced approaches that are synergistic with native physiological processes. The potential for editing human memory-decoding, enhancing, incepting, or deleting specific memories-suggests exciting therapeutic possibilities but also raises considerable ethical concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Mankin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Itzhak Fried
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Tel Aviv Medical Center and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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21
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Hescham S, Liu H, Jahanshahi A, Temel Y. Deep brain stimulation and cognition: Translational aspects. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 174:107283. [PMID: 32739395 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many neurological patients suffer from memory loss. To date, pharmacological treatments for memory disorders have limited and short-lasting effects. Therefore, researchers are investigating novel therapies such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) to alleviate memory impairments. Up to now stimulation of the fornix, nucleus basalis of Meynert and entorhinal cortex have been found to enhance memory performance. Here, we provide an overview of the different DBS targets and mechanisms within the memory circuit, which could be relevant for enhancing memory in patients. Future studies are warranted, accelerating the efforts to further unravel mechanisms of action of DBS in memory-related disorders and develop stimulation protocols based on these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hescham
- Department of Neurosurgery, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Huajie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ali Jahanshahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neurosurgery, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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22
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Tsai ST, Chen SY, Lin SZ, Tseng GF. Rostral intralaminar thalamic deep brain stimulation ameliorates memory deficits and dendritic regression in β-amyloid-infused rats. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:751-761. [PMID: 32036422 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Rostral intralaminar thalamic deep brain stimulation (ILN-DBS) has been shown to enhance attention and cognition through neuronal activation and brain plasticity. We examined whether rostral ILN-DBS can also attenuate memory deficits and impaired synaptic plasticity and protect glutamatergic transmission in the rat intraventricular β-amyloid (Aβ) infusion model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Spatial memory was tested in the Morris water maze (MWM), while structural synaptic plasticity and glutamatergic transmission strength were estimated by measuring dendritic spine densities in dye-injected neurons and tissue expression levels of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus. All these assessments were compared among the naïve control rats, AD rats, and AD rats with ILN-DBS. We found that a single rostral ILN-DBS treatment significantly improved MWM performance and reversed PSD-95 expression reductions in the mPFC and hippocampal region of Aβ-infused rats. In addition, ILN-DBS preserved dendritic spine densities on mPFC and hippocampal pyramidal neurons. In fact, MWM performance, PSD-95 expression levels, and dendritic spine densities did not differ between naïve control and rostral ILN-DBS treatment groups, indicating near complete amelioration of Aβ-induced spatial memory impairments and dendritic regression. These findings suggest that the ILN is critical for modulating glutamatergic transmission, neural plasticity, and spatial memory functions through widespread effects on distributed brain regions. Further, these findings provide a rationale for examining the therapeutic efficacy of ILN-DBS in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Tzung Tsai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation/Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation/Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation/Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Fang Tseng
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, No. 701, Section 3, Jhongyang Road, Hualien, 970, Taiwan.
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23
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Tan SZK, Fung ML, Koh J, Chan YS, Lim LW. The Paradoxical Effect of Deep Brain Stimulation on Memory. Aging Dis 2020; 11:179-190. [PMID: 32010491 PMCID: PMC6961776 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising treatment for many memory-related disorders including dementia, anxiety, and addiction. However, the use of DBS can be a paradoxical conundrum-dementia treatments aim to improve memory, whereas anxiety or addiction treatments aim to suppress maladaptive memory. In this review, the key hypotheses on how DBS affects memory are highlighted. We consolidate the findings and conclusions from the current research on the effects of DBS on memory in attempt to make sense of the bidirectional nature of DBS in disrupting and enhancing memory. Based on the current literature, we hypothesize that the timing of DBS plays a key role in its contradictory effects, and therefore, we propose a consolidated model of how DBS can both disrupt and enhance memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Zheng Kai Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man-Lung Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Junhao Koh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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24
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Jakobs M, Lee DJ, Lozano AM. Modifying the progression of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease with deep brain stimulation. Neuropharmacology 2019; 171:107860. [PMID: 31765650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
At times of an aging population and increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders, effective medical treatments remain limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapies to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is thought to address the neuronal network dysfunction of this disorder and may offer new therapeutic options. Preliminary evidence suggests that DBS of the fornix may have effects on cognitive decline, brain glucose metabolism, hippocampal volume and cortical grey matter volume in certain patients with mild AD. Rodent studies have shown that increase of cholinergic neurotransmitters, hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity and reduction of amyloid plaques are associated with DBS. Currently a large phase III study of fornix DBS is assessing efficacy in patients with mild AD aged 65 years and older. The Nucleus basalis of Meynert has also been explored in a phase I study in of mild to moderate AD and was tolerated well regardless of the lack of benefit. Being an established therapy for Parkinson's Disease (PD), DBS may exert some disease-modifying traits rather than being a purely symptomatic treatment. There is evidence of dopaminergic neuroprotection in animal models and some suggestion that DBS may influence the natural progression of the disorder. Neuromodulation may possibly have beneficial effects on course of different neurodegenerative disorders compared to medical therapy alone. For dementias, functional neurosurgery may provide an adjunctive option in patient care. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'The Quest for Disease-Modifying Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jakobs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Stereotactic Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Darrin J Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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25
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Yu D, Yan H, Zhou J, Yang X, Lu Y, Han Y. A circuit view of deep brain stimulation in Alzheimer's disease and the possible mechanisms. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:33. [PMID: 31395077 PMCID: PMC6688355 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by chronic progressive cognitive deterioration frequently accompanied by psychopathological symptoms, including changes in personality and social isolation, which severely reduce quality of life. Currently, no viable therapies or present-day drugs developed for the treatment of AD symptoms are able to slow or reverse AD progression or prevent the advance of neurodegeneration. As such, non-drug alternatives are currently being tested, including deep brain stimulation (DBS). DBS is an established therapy for several neurological and psychiatric indications, such as movement disorders. Studies assessing DBS for other disorders have also found improvements in cognitive function, providing the impetus for clinical trials on DBS for AD. Targets of DBS in AD clinical trials and animal model studies include the fornix, entorhinal cortex (EC), nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM), and vertical limb of diagonal band (VDB). However, there is still no comprehensive theory explaining the effects of DBS on AD symptoms or a consensus on which targets provide optimal benefits. This article reviews the anatomy of memory circuits related to AD, as well as studies on DBS rescue of AD in these circuits and the possible therapeutic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfang Yu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Neurology, Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanhuan Yan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Biomedical Engineering Department, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yunyun Han
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Aldehri M, Temel Y, Jahanshahi A, Hescham S. Fornix deep brain stimulation induces reduction of hippocampal synaptophysin levels. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 96:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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McKinnon C, Gros P, Lee DJ, Hamani C, Lozano AM, Kalia LV, Kalia SK. Deep brain stimulation: potential for neuroprotection. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:174-185. [PMID: 30656196 PMCID: PMC6331208 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades there has been an exponential rise in the number of patients receiving deep brain stimulation (DBS) to manage debilitating neurological symptoms in conditions such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. Novel applications of DBS continue to emerge including treatment of various psychiatric conditions (e.g. obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depression) and cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Despite widening therapeutic applications, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying DBS remains limited. In addition to modulation of local and network-wide neuronal activity, growing evidence suggests that DBS may also have important neuroprotective effects in the brain by limiting synaptic dysfunction and neuronal loss in neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we consider evidence from preclinical and clinical studies of DBS in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy that suggest chronic stimulation has the potential to mitigate neuronal loss and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris McKinnon
- Krembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkToronto Western HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Priti Gros
- Division of NeurologyToronto Western HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Darrin J. Lee
- Krembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkToronto Western HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of NeurosurgeryToronto Western HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Harquail Centre for NeuromodulationDivision of NeurosurgerySunnybrook Health Sciences CentreUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Andres M. Lozano
- Krembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkToronto Western HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of NeurosurgeryToronto Western HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Lorraine V. Kalia
- Krembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkToronto Western HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of NeurologyToronto Western HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Suneil K. Kalia
- Krembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkToronto Western HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of NeurosurgeryToronto Western HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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28
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Bryzgalov DV, Kuznetsova IL, Rogaev EI. Enhancement of Declarative Memory: From Genetic Regulation to Non-invasive Stimulation. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:1124-1138. [PMID: 30472951 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918090146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The problem of memory enhancement is extremely important in intellectual activity areas and therapy of different types of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The attempts to solve this problem have come from different research fields. In the first part of our review, we describe the results of targeting certain genes involved in memory-associated molecular pathways. The second part of the review is focused on the deep stimulation of brain structures that can slow down memory loss in AD. The third part describes the results of the use of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques for memory modulation, consolidation, and retrieval in healthy people and animal models. Integration of data from different research fields is essential for the development of efficient strategies for memory enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Bryzgalov
- Memory, Oscillations, Brain States (MOBS) Team, Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS UMR 8249, ESPCI Paris, Paris, France.
| | - I L Kuznetsova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - E I Rogaev
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119234, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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29
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Wang X, Hu WH, Zhang K, Zhou JJ, Liu DF, Zhang MY, Zhang JG. Acute Fornix Deep Brain Stimulation Improves Hippocampal Glucose Metabolism in Aged Mice. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:594-599. [PMID: 29483395 PMCID: PMC5850677 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.226067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A beneficial memory effect of acute fornix deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been reported in clinical studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute changes in glucose metabolism induced by fornix DBS. Methods: First, the Morris water maze test and novel object recognition memory test were used to confirm declined memory in aged mice (C57BL/6, 20–22 months old). Then, four groups of mice were used as follows: aged mice with stimulation (n = 12), aged mice with sham-stimulation (n = 8), adult mice (3–4 months old) with stimulation (n = 12), and adult mice with sham-stimulation (n = 8). Ipsilateral hippocampal glucose metabolism and glutamate levels were measured in vivo by microdialysis before, during, and after fornix DBS treatment. Histological staining was used to verify the localization of electrodes and mice with inaccurate placement were excluded from subsequent analyses. The effects of fornix DBS on extracellular glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and glutamate levels over time were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by Fisher's least significant difference post hoc test. Results: The aged mice had a higher basal lactate/pyruvate ratio (LPR) and lactate/glucose ratio (LGR) than the adult mice (LPR: 0.34 ± 0.04 vs. 0.13 ± 0.02, t = 4.626, P < 0.0001; LGR: 6.06 ± 0.59 vs. 4.14 ± 0.36, t = 2.823, P < 0.01). Fornix DBS decreased the ipsilateral hippocampal pyruvate and lactate levels (P < 0.05), but the glucose levels were not obviously changed in aged mice. Similarly, the LGR and LPR also decreased in aged mice after fornix DBS treatment (P < 0.05). Glucose metabolism in adult mice was not significantly influenced by fornix DBS. In addition, fornix DBS significantly decreased the ipsilateral hippocampal extracellular levels of glutamate in aged mice (P < 0.05), while significant alterations were not found in the adult mice. Conclusions: The present study provides experimental evidence that fornix DBS could significantly improve hippocampal glucose metabolism in aged mice by promoting cellular aerobic respiration activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wen-Han Hu
- Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Laboratory, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun-Jian Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - De-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mei-Yu Zhang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University; Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Laboratory, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation, Beijing 100050, China
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30
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Posporelis S, David AS, Ashkan K, Shotbolt P. Deep Brain Stimulation of the Memory Circuit: Improving Cognition in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 64:337-347. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Posporelis
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Anthony S. David
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | | | - Paul Shotbolt
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
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31
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Bittlinger M, Müller S. Opening the debate on deep brain stimulation for Alzheimer disease - a critical evaluation of rationale, shortcomings, and ethical justification. BMC Med Ethics 2018; 19:41. [PMID: 29886845 PMCID: PMC5994654 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-018-0275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) as investigational intervention for symptomatic relief from Alzheimer disease (AD) has generated big expectations. Our aim is to discuss the ethical justification of this research agenda by examining the underlying research rationale as well as potential methodological pitfalls. The shortcomings we address are of high ethical importance because only scientifically valid research has the potential to be ethical. METHOD We performed a systematic search on MEDLINE and EMBASE. We included 166 publications about DBS for AD into the analysis of research rationale, risks and ethical aspects. Fifty-eight patients were reported in peer-reviewed journals with very mixed results. A grey literature search revealed hints for 75 yet to be published, potentially enrolled patients. RESULTS The results of our systematic review indicate methodological shortcomings in the literature that are both scientific and ethical in nature. According to our analysis, research with human subjects was performed before decisive preclinical research was published examining the specific research question at stake. We also raise the concern that conclusions on the potential safety and efficacy have been reported in the literature that seem premature given the design of the feasibility studies from which they were drawn. In addition, some publications report that DBS for AD was performed without written informed consent from some patients, but from surrogates only. Furthermore, registered ongoing trials plan to enroll severely demented patients. We provide reasons that this would violate Art. 28 of the Declaration of Helsinki, because DBS for AD involves more than minimal risks and burdens, and because its efficacy and safety are not yet empirically established to be likely. CONCLUSION Based on our empirical analysis, we argue that clinical research on interventions of risk class III (Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency) should not be exploratory but grounded on sound, preclinically tested, and disease-specific a posteriori hypotheses. This also applies to DBS for dementia as long as therapeutic benefits are uncertain, and especially when research subjects with cognitive deficits are involved, who may foreseeably progress to full incapacity to provide informed consent during the required follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Bittlinger
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CCM, Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Müller
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CCM, Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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32
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Aldehri M, Temel Y, Alnaami I, Jahanshahi A, Hescham S. Deep brain stimulation for Alzheimer's Disease: An update. Surg Neurol Int 2018; 9:58. [PMID: 29576909 PMCID: PMC5858049 DOI: 10.4103/sni.sni_342_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dementia is among the leading causes of severe and long-term disability worldwide, decreasing the quality of life of individuals and families. Moreover, it induces an enormous economic burden on societies. The most prevalent cause of dementia is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Because current treatment options for AD are limited, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been considered. Methods: The aim of this review is to survey the current understanding regarding the effects of DBS in AD and possibly shed light on the mechanisms of DBS in AD. We searched PubMed and Cochrane for various studies in English literature describing DBS in patients with AD and relevant preclinical studies. All related studies published from December 2013 to March 2017 were included in this review. Results: Our understanding of the neural circuitry underlying learning and memory in both rodent models and human patients has grown over the past years and provided potential therapeutic targets for DBS such as the fornix and the nucleus basalis of Meynert. Clinical results indicate that DBS is most beneficial for patients who are in the early stages of AD. Potential mechanisms of action of DBS in AD comprise long-term structural plasticity, including hippocampal enlargement as well as enhanced neurotransmitter release. Conclusion: It is still premature to conclude that DBS can be used in the treatment of AD, and the field will wait for the results of ongoing and future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Aldehri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ibrahim Alnaami
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Jahanshahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Hescham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Buklina SB, Konovalov AN, Pitskhelauri DI, Shkarubo MA, Poddubskaya AA, Kolycheva MV. [A clinical and neuropsychological study of patients before and after resection of third ventricle colloid cysts]. ZHURNAL VOPROSY NEĬROKHIRURGII IMENI N. N. BURDENKO 2017; 81:28-37. [PMID: 28524123 DOI: 10.17116/neiro201781228-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The literature lacks studies of cognitive impairments in large groups of patients after resection of third ventricle colloid cysts. AIM To evaluate cognitive impairments in patients before and after resection of third ventricle colloid cysts. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a clinical and neuropsychological study of 52 patients with third ventricle colloid cysts using the Luria method (1962). Forty three patients were examined before and after cyst resection in the early postoperative period (three patients in this group were also examined in a long-term period of 3-7 months after surgery). Forty one patients were operated on using the transcallosal approach, and two patients were operated on using the subtentorial-supracerebellar transchoroidal approach. The other patients were examined only before or after surgery. The patients' age ranged from 14 to 61 years; the mean age was 33.8 years; the median age was 29 years. RESULTS On examination before surgery, cognitive impairments were minimal in 5 patients without clear signs of hydrocephalus. Impairments of memory and dynamic praxis, mild spatial disorders, and psychological inertia were observed in other patients with hydrocephalus. There was no significant difference in the state of cognitive functions between patients with and without stagnation in the fundus. On examination on day 3-6 after transcallosal surgery, several groups of patients were identified. Eight patients had an improvement in cognitive functions, which might be related to postoperative resolution of hydrocephalus. In 15 patients, changes in mnestic functions were insignificant. This group consisted of the youngest patients with a median age of 24 years. Korsakoff syndrome and disorientation were detected in 5 patients. This was the oldest age group, with a median age of 48 years. In other 13 patients, aggravation of mnestic disorders was moderate. Similar memory impairments were detected in the case of the subtentorial-supracerebellar approach. Memory disorders progressively regressed in all patients. CONCLUSION Postoperative memory impairment of a varying degree was found in 21 out of 43 patients, with adhesions between the cyst capsule and fornix being observed only in 5 patients. In this case, no injury to the fornix was intraoperatively observed. We discuss the role of the age factor, cyst size, and technical surgical difficulties in the pathogenesis of memory disorders in the absence of injury to the calvarium during colloid cyst resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Buklina
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - M A Shkarubo
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
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Viaña JNM, Vickers JC, Cook MJ, Gilbert F. Currents of memory: recent progress, translational challenges, and ethical considerations in fornix deep brain stimulation trials for Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 56:202-210. [PMID: 28385550 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The serendipitous discovery of triggered autobiographical memories and eventual memory improvement in an obese patient who received fornix deep brain stimulation in 2008 paved the way for several phase I and phase II clinical trials focused on the safety and efficacy of this potential intervention for people with Alzheimer's disease. In this article, we summarize clinical trials and case reports on fornix deep brain stimulation for Alzheimer's disease and review experiments on animal models evaluating the physiological or behavioral effects of this intervention. Based on information from these reports and studies, we identify potential translational challenges of this approach and determine practical and ethical considerations for clinical trials, focusing on issues regarding selection criteria, trial design, and outcome evaluation. Based on initial results suggesting greater benefit for those with milder disease stage, we find it essential that participant expectations are carefully managed to avoid treatment disenchantment and/or frustration from participants and caregivers. Finally, we urge for collaboration between centers to establish proper clinical standards and to promote better trial results comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Noel M Viaña
- Ethics, Policy & Public Engagement (EPPE) Program, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Philosophy and Gender Studies Program, School of Humanities, Faculty of Arts and Law, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - James C Vickers
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Mark J Cook
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frederic Gilbert
- Ethics, Policy & Public Engagement (EPPE) Program, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Philosophy and Gender Studies Program, School of Humanities, Faculty of Arts and Law, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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35
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Hescham S, Temel Y, Schipper S, Lagiere M, Schönfeld LM, Blokland A, Jahanshahi A. Fornix deep brain stimulation induced long-term spatial memory independent of hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:1069-1075. [PMID: 26832921 PMCID: PMC5334384 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established symptomatic treatment modality for movement disorders and constitutes an emerging therapeutic approach for the treatment of memory impairment. In line with this, fornix DBS has shown to ameliorate cognitive decline associated with dementia. Nonetheless, mechanisms mediating clinical effects in demented patients or patients with other neurological disorders are largely unknown. There is evidence that DBS is able to modulate neurophysiological activity in targeted brain regions. We therefore hypothesized that DBS might be able to influence cognitive function via activity-dependent regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis. Using stimulation parameters, which were validated to restore memory loss in a previous behavioral study, we here assessed long-term effects of fornix DBS. To do so, we injected the thymidine analog, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU), after DBS and perfused the animals 6.5 weeks later. A week prior to perfusion, memory performance was assessed in the water maze. We found that acute stimulation of the fornix improved spatial memory performance in the water maze when the probe trial was performed 1 h after the last training session. However, no evidence for stimulation-induced neurogenesis was found in fornix DBS rats when compared to sham. Our results suggest that fornix DBS improves memory functions independent of hippocampal neurogenesis, possibly through other mechanisms such as synaptic plasticity and acute neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hescham
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,European Graduate School of Neuroscience (Euron), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,European Graduate School of Neuroscience (Euron), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Schipper
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,European Graduate School of Neuroscience (Euron), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mélanie Lagiere
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,European Graduate School of Neuroscience (Euron), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa-Maria Schönfeld
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,European Graduate School of Neuroscience (Euron), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Blokland
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,European Graduate School of Neuroscience (Euron), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Jahanshahi
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,European Graduate School of Neuroscience (Euron), Maastricht, The Netherlands
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