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Kırbaş ZÖ, Bayraktar B, Odabaşı Aktaş E. Investigation of emotion regulation skills, salivary apelin, and serotonin levels in children in Türkiye: a cross-sectional study. Nord J Psychiatry 2024:1-7. [PMID: 39289878 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2024.2404229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known about the relationship between apelin and serotonin in emotion regulation. This study aimed to examine children's emotional regulation skills and salivary apelin and serotonin levels. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study performed in Türkiye. The research was completed with the participation of 146 children, 8-10 years old, from the general population. Emotion Regulation Skills Scale for Children (CERS) was used to assess children's levels of emotion regulation skills. Apelin and serotonin levels were examined by ELISA technique in saliva samples obtained from children. RESULTS A statistically significant correlation was found between the mean total score of the CERS and the mean apelin and serotonin levels (p ˂ .01). We found that females had higher emotion regulation skills compared to males, older higher than younger ones (p ˂ .01). The regression analysis results show that age and gender together explain 50.5% of the variance in CERS scores, while apelin and serotonin together explain 35.8% of the variance. When all four variables (age, gender, apelin, and serotonin) are included in the model, they explain 51.3% of the variance in CERS scores. CONCLUSION Older age and female gender explained most of emotion regulations skills.Key pointsIt was determined that the average salivary apelin and serotonin levels increased with increased age, and with increased age ERS also increased.More research is needed as this is the first time that the relationship between emotion regulation skills and serotonin and apelin levels has been examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zila Özlem Kırbaş
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Türkiye
| | - Bülent Bayraktar
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Türkiye
| | - Elif Odabaşı Aktaş
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Türkiye
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Shen X, Mu X. Systematic Insights into the Relationship between the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Stroke with the Focus on Tryptophan Metabolism. Metabolites 2024; 14:399. [PMID: 39195495 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14080399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke, as a serious cerebral vascular disease with high incidence and high rates of disability and mortality, has limited therapeutic options due to the narrow time window. Compelling evidence has highlighted the significance of the gut microbiota and gut-brain axis as critical regulatory factors affecting stroke. Along the microbiota-gut-brain axis, tryptophan metabolism further acquires increasing attention for its intimate association with central nervous system diseases. For the purpose of exploring the potential role of tryptophan metabolism in stroke and providing systematic insights into the intricate connection of the microbiota-gut-brain axis with the pathological procedure of stroke, this review first summarized the practical relationship between microbiota and stroke by compiling the latest case-control research. Then, the microbiota-gut-brain axis, as well as its interaction with stroke, were comprehensively elucidated on the basis of the basic anatomical structure and physiological function. Based on the crosstalk of microbiota-gut-brain, we further focused on the tryptophan metabolism from the three major metabolic pathways, namely, the kynurenine pathway, serotonin pathway, and microbial pathway, within the axis. Moreover, the effects of tryptophan metabolism on stroke were appreciated and elaborated here, which is scarcely found in other reviews. Hopefully, the systematic illustration of the mechanisms and pathways along the microbiota-gut-brain axis will inspire more translational research from metabolic perspectives, along with more attention paid to tryptophan metabolism as a promising pharmaceutical target in order to reduce the risk of stroke, mitigate the stroke progression, and ameliorate the stroke prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Shen
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaoqin Mu
- Genomics Research Center, Key Laboratory of Gut Microbiota and Pharmacogenomics of Heilongjiang Province, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
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Harel Y, Cyr A, Boyle J, Pinsard B, Bernard J, Fourcade MF, Aggarwal H, Ponce AF, Thirion B, Jerbi K, Bellec P. Open design of a reproducible videogame controller for MRI and MEG. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290158. [PMID: 37910557 PMCID: PMC10619825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Videogames are emerging as a promising experimental paradigm in neuroimaging. Acquiring gameplay in a scanner remains challenging due to the lack of a scanner-compatible videogame controller that provides a similar experience to standard, commercial devices. In this paper, we introduce a videogame controller designed for use in the functional magnetic resonance imaging as well as magnetoencephalography. The controller is made exclusively of 3D-printed and commercially available parts. We evaluated the quality of our controller by comparing it to a non-MRI compatible controller that was kept outside the scanner. The comparison of response latencies showed reliable button press accuracies of adequate precision. Comparison of the subjects' motion during fMRI recordings of various tasks showed that the use of our controller did not increase the amount of motion produced compared to a regular MR compatible button press box. Motion levels during an ecological videogame task were of moderate amplitude. In addition, we found that the controller only had marginal effect on temporal SNR in fMRI, as well as on covariance between sensors in MEG, as expected due to the use of non-magnetic building materials. Finally, the reproducibility of the controller was demonstrated by having team members who were not involved in the design build a reproduction using only the documentation. This new videogame controller opens new avenues for ecological tasks in fMRI, including challenging videogames and more generally tasks with complex responses. The detailed controller documentation and build instructions are released under an Open Source Hardware license to increase accessibility, and reproducibility and enable the neuroimaging research community to improve or modify the controller for future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Harel
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Psychology department, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - André Cyr
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Julie Boyle
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Psychology department, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Basile Pinsard
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Karim Jerbi
- Psychology department, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- MILA, Montréal, Canada
- MEG Imaging Center, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Pierre Bellec
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Psychology department, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Unité de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Kotoula V, Evans JW, Punturieri CE, Zarate CA. Review: The use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in clinical trials and experimental research studies for depression. FRONTIERS IN NEUROIMAGING 2023; 2:1110258. [PMID: 37554642 PMCID: PMC10406217 DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2023.1110258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive technique that can be used to examine neural responses with and without the use of a functional task. Indeed, fMRI has been used in clinical trials and pharmacological research studies. In mental health, it has been used to identify brain areas linked to specific symptoms but also has the potential to help identify possible treatment targets. Despite fMRI's many advantages, such findings are rarely the primary outcome measure in clinical trials or research studies. This article reviews fMRI studies in depression that sought to assess the efficacy and mechanism of action of compounds with antidepressant effects. Our search results focused on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the most commonly prescribed treatments for depression and ketamine, a fast-acting antidepressant treatment. Normalization of amygdala hyperactivity in response to negative emotional stimuli was found to underlie successful treatment response to SSRIs as well as ketamine, indicating a potential common pathway for both conventional and fast-acting antidepressants. Ketamine's rapid antidepressant effects make it a particularly useful compound for studying depression with fMRI; its effects on brain activity and connectivity trended toward normalizing the increases and decreases in brain activity and connectivity associated with depression. These findings highlight the considerable promise of fMRI as a tool for identifying treatment targets in depression. However, additional studies with improved methodology and study design are needed before fMRI findings can be translated into meaningful clinical trial outcomes.
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Xue L, Shao J, Wang H, Wang X, Zhu R, Yao Z, Lu Q. Shared and unique imaging-derived endo-phenotypes of two typical antidepressant-applicative depressive patients. Eur Radiol 2022; 33:645-655. [PMID: 35980436 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-09004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determining the clinical homogeneous and heterogeneous sets among depressive patients is the key to facilitate individual-level treatment decision. METHODS The diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data of 62 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 39 healthy controls were used to construct a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) Bayesian model. Another 48 MDD patients were used to verify the robustness. The LDA model was employed to identify both shared and unique imaging-derived factors of two typically antidepressant-targeted depressive patients, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Furthermore, we applied canonical correlation analysis (CCA) between each factor loading and Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) sub-score, to explore the potential neurophysiological significance of each factor. RESULTS The results revealed the imaging-derived connectional fingerprint of all patients could be situated along three latent factor dimensions; such results were also verified by the out-of-sample dataset. Factor 1, uniquely expressed by SNRI-targeted patients, was associated with retardation (r = 0.4, p = 0.037) and characterized by coupling patterns between default mode network and cognitive control network. Factor 3, uniquely expressed by SSRI-targeted patients, was associated with cognitive impairment (r = 0.36, p = 0.047) and characterized by coupling patterns within cognitive control and attention network, and the connectivity between threat and reward network. Shared factor 2, characterized by coupling patterns within default mode network, was associated with anxiety (r = 0.54, p = 0.005) and sleep disturbance (r = 0.37, p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that quantification of both homogeneity and heterogeneity within MDD may have the potential to inform rational design of pharmacological therapies. KEY POINTS • The shared and unique manifestations guiding pharmacotherapy of depressive patients are caused by the homogeneity and heterogeneity of underlying structural connections of the brain. • Both shared and unique factor loadings were found in different antidepressant-targeted patients. • Significant correlations between factor loading and HAMD sub-scores were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xue
- School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210096, China.,Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Junneng Shao
- School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210096, China.,Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210096, China.,Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210096, China.,Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongxin Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China. .,Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210096, China. .,Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.
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Liaqat H, Parveen A, Kim SY. Neuroprotective Natural Products’ Regulatory Effects on Depression via Gut–Brain Axis Targeting Tryptophan. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163270. [PMID: 36014776 PMCID: PMC9413544 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
L-tryptophan (Trp) contributes to regulating bilateral communication of the gut–brain axis. It undergoes three major metabolic pathways, which lead to formation of kynurenine, serotonin (5-HT), and indole derivatives (under the control of the microbiota). Metabolites from the principal Trp pathway, kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid, exhibit neuroprotective activity, while picolinic acid exhibits antioxidant activity, and 5-HT modulates appetite, sleep cycle, and pain. Abnormality in Trp plays crucial roles in diseases, including depression, colitis, ulcer, and gut microbiota-related dysfunctions. To address these diseases, the use of natural products could be a favorable alternative because they are a rich source of compounds that can modulate the activity of Trp and combat various diseases through modulating different signaling pathways, including the gut microbiota, kynurenine pathway, and serotonin pathway. Alterations in the signaling cascade pathways via different phytochemicals may help us explore the deep relationships of the gut–brain axis to study neuroprotection. This review highlights the roles of natural products and their metabolites targeting Trp in different diseases. Additionally, the role of Trp metabolites in the regulation of neuroprotective and gastroprotective activities is discussed. This study compiles the literature on novel, potent neuroprotective agents and their action mechanisms in the gut–brain axis and proposes prospective future studies to identify more pharmaceuticals based on signaling pathways targeting Trp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humna Liaqat
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domzale, Slovenia
| | - Amna Parveen
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University Medical Campus, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: or (A.P.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University Medical Campus, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: or (A.P.); (S.Y.K.)
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Popova NK, Tsybko AS, Naumenko VS. The Implication of 5-HT Receptor Family Members in Aggression, Depression and Suicide: Similarity and Difference. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158814. [PMID: 35955946 PMCID: PMC9369404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Being different multifactorial forms of psychopathology, aggression, depression and suicidal behavior, which is considered to be violent aggression directed against the self, have principal neurobiological links: preclinical and clinical evidence associates depression, aggression and suicidal behavior with dysregulation in central serotonergic (5-HT) neurotransmission. The implication of different types of 5-HT receptors in the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of aggression, depression and suicidality has been well recognized. In this review, we consider and compare the orchestra of 5-HT receptors involved in these severe psychopathologies. Specifically, it concentrates on the role of 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3 and 5-HT7 receptors in the mechanisms underlying the predisposition to aggression, depression and suicidal behavior. The review provides converging lines of evidence that: (1) depression-related 5-HT receptors include those receptors with pro-depressive properties (5-HT2A, 5-HT3 and 5-HT7) as well as those providing an antidepressant effect (5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2C subtypes). (2) Aggression-related 5-HT receptors are identical to depression-related 5-HT receptors with the exception of 5-HT7 receptors. Activation of 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptors attenuate aggressiveness, whereas agonists of 5-HT3 intensify aggressive behavior.
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Baiap3 regulates depressive behaviors in mice via attenuating dense core vesicle trafficking in subsets of prefrontal cortex neurons. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 16:100423. [PMID: 35028340 PMCID: PMC8715124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are effective first line therapies for treating depression, but are plagued by undesirable side effects and are not effective in all patients. Because SSRIs effectively deplete the neuronal releasable serotonin (5-HT) pool, gaining a deeper understanding of intracellular mechanisms regulating 5-HT pools can help us understand the shortcomings of SSRIs and develop more effective therapies. In this study, we found that BAIAP3 (brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1-associated protein 3) is significantly downregulated in two mouse models of depression (the IR- and CUMS-induced depressive mouse models). In BAIAP3 downregulated models (in vitro and in vivo), we discovered that trafficking of dense core vesicle (DCV), organelles that store, transport and release cargo via exocytosis, was reduced. Accordingly, 5-HT exocytosis and levels in the synapse were lowered, causing defective post-synaptic neurotransmission. In a screen of natural products, we identified eucalyptol, the active components of Eucalyptus, as uniquely capable of increasing neuronal Baiap3 expression and elevate synaptic 5-HT levels. Moreover, eucalyptol treatment relieved depressive behavioral symptoms and restored serotonin levels in mice. Mechanistically, eucalyptol restores Baiap3 expression by reducing inhibitory microRNAs (miR-329, miR-362). These findings illuminate how Baiap3 depletion propagates neurotransmission dysfunction and point to eucalyptol as a novel agent for restoring serotonin exocytosis, suggesting potential for developing eucalyptol as a therapy for treating depression.
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Sklivanioti Greenfield M, Wang Y, Msghina M. Behavioral, cortical and autonomic effects of single-dose escitalopram on the induction and regulation of fear and disgust: Comparison with single-session psychological emotion regulation with reappraisal. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:988893. [PMID: 36684004 PMCID: PMC9845894 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.988893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adaptive and successful emotion regulation, the ability to flexibly exert voluntary control over emotional experience and the ensuing behavior, is vital for optimal daily functioning and good mental health. In clinical settings, pharmacological and psychological interventions are widely employed to modify pathological emotion processing and ameliorate its deleterious consequences. METHODS In this study, we investigated the acute effects of single-dose escitalopram on the induction and regulation of fear and disgust in healthy subjects. Furthermore, we compared these pharmacological effects with psychological emotion regulation that utilized a cognitive strategy with reappraisal. Emotion induction and regulation tasks were performed before and 4 h after ingestion of placebo or 10 mg escitalopram in a randomized, double-blind design. The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) was used as a source of images, with threat-related pictures selected for fear and disease and contamination-related pictures for disgust. Behavioral data, electrodermal activity (EDA), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) recordings were collected. RESULTS Escitalopram significantly reduced emotion intensity for both fear and disgust during emotion induction, albeit with differing electrodermal and hemodynamic activity patterns for the two negative emotions. At rest, i.e., in the absence of emotive stimuli, escitalopram increased sympathetic activity during the fear but not during the disgust experiments. For both fear and disgust, emotion regulation with reappraisal was more effective in reducing emotion intensity compared to pharmacological intervention with escitalopram or placebo. DISCUSSION We concluded that emotion regulation with reappraisal and acute administration of escitalopram, but not placebo, reduce emotion intensity for both fear and disgust, with cognitive regulation being significantly more efficient compared to pharmacological regulation under the conditions of this study. Results from the fNIRS and EDA recordings support the concept of differential mechanisms of emotion regulation that could be emotion-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanlu Wang
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,MR Physics, Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mussie Msghina
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Liu S, Zhang X, Wang Q, Xu Y, Huang X, Liu T, Yang Z, Xiang Z, Lu C, Chen Y, Chen J, Yang J. Increased attentional network activity in premature ejaculation patients with anxiety revealed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:5417-5426. [PMID: 34327757 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Psychological account hypothesizes that premature ejaculation (PE) is a learned pattern of rapid ejaculation maintained by anxiety about sexual failure, whereas neuropsychological accounts hypothesizes that PE is the result of dysfunction of central nervous system regulating ejaculatory. However, the central neural mechanism underlying PE patients with anxiety remains unclear. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected in 20 PE (diagnoses based on PE Guidelines drafted by the International Society for Sexual Medicine [ISSM]) patients with anxiety and 25 matched healthy controls (HCs) from January 2019 to December 2020. The values of fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) were compared between groups. Moreover, the correlations between fALFF and the severity of PE and anxiety of patients were examined. PE patients with anxiety had increased fALFF values in the right inferior frontal gyrus (opercular part) and middle frontal gyrus. In addition, significant positive correlations were found between the scores of PE diagnostic tool (PEDT) and fALFF values of the right inferior frontal gyrus (opercular part), as well as the right middle frontal gyrus. Moreover, fALFF values of the right inferior frontal gyrus (opercular part) and middle frontal gyrus were positively correlated with the scores of self-rating anxiety scale (SAS). Our results suggested that increased attentional network activity might play a critical role in the neural basis of PE patients with anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Andrology, Yangzhou Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinfei Huang
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoxu Yang
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziliang Xiang
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhuai Chen
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China
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Akhrif A, Roy A, Peters K, Lesch KP, Romanos M, Schmitt-Böhrer A, Neufang S. REVERSE phenotyping-Can the phenotype following constitutive Tph2 gene inactivation in mice be transferred to children and adolescents with and without adhd? Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02054. [PMID: 33523602 PMCID: PMC8119824 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Experimental models of neuropsychiatric disorders, for example, ADHD, are used to mimic specific phenotypic traits of a complex human disorder. However, it remains unresolved to what extent the animal phenotype reflects the specific human trait. The null mutant mouse of the serotonin-synthesizing tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (Tph2-/- ) gene has been proposed as experimental model for ADHD with high face validity for impulsive, aggressive, and anxious behaviors. To validate this ADHD-like model, we examined the Tph2-/- phenotype in humans when considering allelic variation of TPH2 function ("reverse phenotyping"). METHODS 58 participants (6 females, 8-18 years) were examined, of whom 32 were diagnosed with ADHD. All participants were phenotyped for impulsivity, aggression, and anxiety using questionnaires, behavioral tests, and MRI scanning while performing the 4-choice serial reaction time task. Additionally, participants were genotyped for the TPH2 G-703T (rs4570625) polymorphism. To analyze the relation between TPH2 G-703T variants and the impulsive/aggressive/anxious phenotype, mediation analyses were performed using behavioral and MRI data as potential mediators. RESULTS We found that the relation between TPH2 G-703T and aggression as part of the reverse Tph2- /- phenotype was mediated by structure and function of the right middle and inferior frontal gyrus. CONCLUSION At the example of trait aggression, our results support the assumption that the Tph2 null mutant mouse reflects the TPH2 G-703T-dependent phenotype in humans. Additionally, we conclude that "reverse phenotyping" is a promising method to validate experimental models and human findings for refined analysis of disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atae Akhrif
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comparative Psychology, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arunima Roy
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Katharina Peters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angelika Schmitt-Böhrer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Neufang
- Comparative Psychology, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Heinrich, Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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12
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Baqapuri HI, Roes LD, Zvyagintsev M, Ramadan S, Keller M, Roecher E, Zweerings J, Klasen M, Gur RC, Mathiak K. A Novel Brain-Computer Interface Virtual Environment for Neurofeedback During Functional MRI. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:593854. [PMID: 33505237 PMCID: PMC7830095 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.593854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual environments (VEs), in the recent years, have become more prevalent in neuroscience. These VEs can offer great flexibility, replicability, and control over the presented stimuli in an immersive setting. With recent developments, it has become feasible to achieve higher-quality visuals and VEs at a reasonable investment. Our aim in this project was to develop and implement a novel real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rt-fMRI)-based neurofeedback (NF) training paradigm, taking into account new technological advances that allow us to integrate complex stimuli into a visually updated and engaging VE. We built upon and developed a first-person shooter in which the dynamic change of the VE was the feedback variable in the brain-computer interface (BCI). We designed a study to assess the feasibility of the BCI in creating an immersive VE for NF training. In a randomized single-blinded fMRI-based NF-training session, 24 participants were randomly allocated into one of two groups: active and reduced contingency NF. All participants completed three runs of the shooter-game VE lasting 10 min each. Brain activity in a supplementary motor area region of interest regulated the possible movement speed of the player's avatar and thus increased the reward probability. The gaming performance revealed that the participants were able to actively engage in game tasks and improve across sessions. All 24 participants reported being able to successfully employ NF strategies during the training while performing in-game tasks with significantly higher perceived NF control ratings in the NF group. Spectral analysis showed significant differential effects on brain activity between the groups. Connectivity analysis revealed significant differences, showing a lowered connectivity in the NF group compared to the reduced contingency-NF group. The self-assessment manikin ratings showed an increase in arousal in both groups but failed significance. Arousal has been linked to presence, or feelings of immersion, supporting the VE's objective. Long paradigms, such as NF in MRI settings, can lead to mental fatigue; therefore, VEs can help overcome such limitations. The rewarding achievements from gaming targets can lead to implicit learning of self-regulation and may broaden the scope of NF applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halim I. Baqapuri
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance-Translational Brain Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Linda D. Roes
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance-Translational Brain Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mikhail Zvyagintsev
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance-Translational Brain Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Souad Ramadan
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance-Translational Brain Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Micha Keller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance-Translational Brain Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Erik Roecher
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance-Translational Brain Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jana Zweerings
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance-Translational Brain Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Klasen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance-Translational Brain Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Klaus Mathiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance-Translational Brain Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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13
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Klöbl M, Gryglewski G, Rischka L, Godbersen GM, Unterholzner J, Reed MB, Michenthaler P, Vanicek T, Winkler-Pjrek E, Hahn A, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R. Predicting Antidepressant Citalopram Treatment Response via Changes in Brain Functional Connectivity After Acute Intravenous Challenge. Front Comput Neurosci 2020; 14:554186. [PMID: 33123000 PMCID: PMC7573155 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2020.554186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The early and therapy-specific prediction of treatment success in major depressive disorder is of paramount importance due to high lifetime prevalence, and heterogeneity of response to standard medication and symptom expression. Hence, this study assessed the predictability of long-term antidepressant effects of escitalopram based on the short-term influence of citalopram on functional connectivity. Methods: Twenty nine subjects suffering from major depression were scanned twice with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging under the influence of intravenous citalopram and placebo in a randomized, double-blinded cross-over fashion. Symptom factors were identified for the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D) and Beck's depression inventory (BDI) taken before and after a median of seven weeks of escitalopram therapy. Predictors were calculated from whole-brain functional connectivity, fed into robust regression models, and cross-validated. Results: Significant predictive power could be demonstrated for one HAM-D factor describing insomnia and the total score (r = 0.45-0.55). Remission and response could furthermore be predicted with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.73 and 0.68, respectively. Functional regions with high influence on the predictor were located especially in the ventral attention, fronto-parietal, and default mode networks. Conclusion: It was shown that medication-specific antidepressant symptom improvements can be predicted using functional connectivity measured during acute pharmacological challenge as an easily assessable imaging marker. The regions with high influence have previously been related to major depression as well as the response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, corroborating the advantages of the current approach of focusing on treatment-specific symptom improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Klöbl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Gryglewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucas Rischka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jakob Unterholzner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Murray Bruce Reed
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Michenthaler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Vanicek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edda Winkler-Pjrek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Schönfeld LM, Schäble S, Zech MP, Kalenscher T. 5-HT 1A receptor agonism in the basolateral amygdala increases mutual-reward choices in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16622. [PMID: 33024202 PMCID: PMC7538979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rats show mutual-reward preferences, i.e., they prefer options that result in a reward for both themselves and a conspecific partner to options that result in a reward for themselves, but not for the partner. In a previous study, we have shown that lesions of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) reduced choices for mutual rewards. Here, we aimed to explore the role of 5-HT1A receptors within the BLA in mutual-reward choices. Rats received daily injections of either 50 or 25 ng of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT or a vehicle solution into the BLA and mutual-reward choices were measured in a rodent prosocial choice task. Compared to vehicle injections, 8-OH-DPAT significantly increased mutual-reward choices when a conspecific was present. By contrast, mutual-reward choices were significantly reduced by 8-OH-DPAT injections in the presence of a toy rat. The effect of 8-OH-DPAT injections was statistically significant during the expression, but not during learning of mutual-reward behavior, although an influence of 8-OH-DPAT injections on learning could not be excluded. There were no differences between 8-OH-DPAT-treated and vehicle-treated rats in general reward learning, behavioral flexibility, locomotion or anxiety. In this study, we have shown that repeated injections of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT have the potential to increase mutual-reward choices in a social setting without affecting other behavioral parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Maria Schönfeld
- Comparative Psychology, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Sandra Schäble
- Comparative Psychology, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maurice-Philipp Zech
- Comparative Psychology, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Kalenscher
- Comparative Psychology, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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15
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Neurochemical Evidence of Preclinical and Clinical Reports on Target-Based Therapy in Alcohol Used Disorder. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:491-507. [PMID: 31898084 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02944-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder, which enforces a person to compulsively seek alcohol, restricting control over alcohol intake leads to emergence of an undesired emotional state during abstinence. There are recent advances for better understanding of neurocircuitry involved in the pathophysiology of AUD. Alcohol interaction with neuronal membrane proteins results in changes in neuronal circuits. It is also linked with the potential medication and their clinical validation concerning their pharmacological targets for alcoholic abstinence. This review covers research work from the past few decades on the therapeutic advances on treatment of alcohol dependence; further detailing the fundamental neurochemical mechanisms after alcohol administration. It also covers interaction of alcohol with GABAergic, glutaminergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic and opioid systems. This review further elaborated the neurobiology of noradrenergic, cholinergic and cannabinoid systems and their interaction with AUD. Elaborative information of potential drug targets under current exploration for AUD treatment with their mechanisms are reported here along with clinical outcomes and the associated side effects.
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16
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Du X, Ding T, Gong W, Liu F. Review of antidepressants in clinic and active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine targeting 5-HT1A receptors. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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17
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Klasen M, Wolf D, Eisner PD, Eggermann T, Zerres K, Zepf FD, Weber R, Mathiak K. Serotonergic Contributions to Human Brain Aggression Networks. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:42. [PMID: 30853880 PMCID: PMC6395384 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive behavior is associated with dysfunctional frontolimbic emotion regulation circuits. Recent findings suggest serotonin as a primary transmitter for prefrontal amygdala control. However, the association between serotonin levels, amygdala regulation, and aggression is still a matter of debate. Neurobehavioral models furthermore suggest a possible mediating influence of the monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA) on this brain-behavior relationship, with carriers of low expressing allele varieties being a risk group for aggression. In the present study, we investigated the influence of brain serotonin modulation and MAOA genotype on functional amygdala connectivity during aggressive behavior. Modulation of serotonergic neurotransmission with acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) and placebo were administered in a double-blind, cross-over design in 38 healthy male participants. Aggressive behavior was modeled in a violent video game during simultaneous assessment of brain activation with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Trait aggression was measured with the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BP-AQ), and MAOA genotypes were assessed from blood samples. Voxel-wise functional connectivity with anatomically defined amygdala was calculated from the functional data. Tryptophan depletion with ATD reduced aggression-specific amygdala connectivity with bilateral supramarginal gyrus. Moreover, ATD impact was associated with trait aggression and MAOA genotype in prefrontal cortex regions. In summary, serotonergic corticolimbic projections contribute to aggressive behavior. Genotype-specific vulnerability of frontolimbic projections may underlie the elevated risk in low expressing allele carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Klasen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- JARA – Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dhana Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- JARA – Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick D. Eisner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- JARA – Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Zerres
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian D. Zepf
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Centre and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences and Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - René Weber
- Media Neuroscience Lab, Department of Communication, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Klaus Mathiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- JARA – Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
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18
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Korte-Bouws GAH, Albers E, Voskamp M, Hendriksen H, de Leeuw LR, Güntürkün O, de Roock S, Vastert SJ, Korte SM. Juvenile Arthritis Patients Suffering from Chronic Inflammation Have Increased Activity of Both IDO and GTP-CH1 Pathways But Decreased BH4 Efficacy: Implications for Well-Being, Including Fatigue, Cognitive Impairment, Anxiety, and Depression. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E9. [PMID: 30625990 PMCID: PMC6469185 DOI: 10.3390/ph12010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) represents joint inflammation with an unknown cause that starts before the age of 16, resulting in stiff and painful joints. In addition, JIA patients often report symptoms of sickness behavior. Recent animal studies suggest that proinflammatory cytokines produce sickness behavior by increasing the activity of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and guanosinetriphosphate⁻cyclohydrolase-1 (GTP⁻CH1). Here, it is hypothesized that inflammation in JIA patients enhances the enzymatic activity of IDO and GTP-CH1 and decreases the co-factor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). These compounds play a crucial role in the synthesis and metabolism of neurotransmitters. The aim of our study was to reveal whether inflammation affects both the GTP-CH1 and IDO pathway in JIA patients. Serum samples were collected from twenty-four JIA patients. In these samples, the concentrations of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), tyrosine (TYR), neopterin, and phenylalanine (PHE) were measured. An HPLC method with electrochemical detection was developed to quantify tryptophan, kynurenine, and tyrosine. Neopterin and phenylalanine were quantified by ELISA. The KYN/TRP ratio was measured as an index of IDO activity, while the PHE/TYR ratio was measured as an index of BH4 activity. Neopterin concentrations were used as an indirect measure of GTP-CH1 activity. JIA patients with high disease activity showed higher levels of both neopterin and kynurenine, and a higher ratio of both KYN/TRP and PHE/TYR and lower tryptophan levels than clinically inactive patients. Altogether, these data support our hypothesis that inflammation increases the enzymatic activity of both IDO and GTP-CH1 but decreases the efficacy of the co-factor BH4. In the future, animal studies are needed to investigate whether inflammation-induced changes in these enzymatic pathways and co-factor BH4 lower the levels of the brain neurotransmitters glutamate, noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, and melatonin, and consequently, whether they may affect fatigue, cognition, anxiety, and depression. Understanding of these complex neuroimmune interactions provides new possibilities for Pharma-Food interventions to improve the quality of life of patients suffering from chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerdien A H Korte-Bouws
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Universities 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Eline Albers
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Universities 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marije Voskamp
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Universities 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Hendrikus Hendriksen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Universities 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lidewij R de Leeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Universities 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Sytze de Roock
- Paediatric Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sebastiaan J Vastert
- Paediatric Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - S Mechiel Korte
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Universities 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
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19
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Wolf D, Mittelberg I, Rekittke LM, Bhavsar S, Zvyagintsev M, Haeck A, Cong F, Klasen M, Mathiak K. Interpretation of Social Interactions: Functional Imaging of Cognitive-Semiotic Categories During Naturalistic Viewing. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:296. [PMID: 30154703 PMCID: PMC6102316 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Social interactions arise from patterns of communicative signs, whose perception and interpretation require a multitude of cognitive functions. The semiotic framework of Peirce's Universal Categories (UCs) laid ground for a novel cognitive-semiotic typology of social interactions. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 16 volunteers watched a movie narrative encompassing verbal and non-verbal social interactions. Three types of non-verbal interactions were coded ("unresolved," "non-habitual," and "habitual") based on a typology reflecting Peirce's UCs. As expected, the auditory cortex responded to verbal interactions, but non-verbal interactions modulated temporal areas as well. Conceivably, when speech was lacking, ambiguous visual information (unresolved interactions) primed auditory processing in contrast to learned behavioral patterns (habitual interactions). The latter recruited a parahippocampal-occipital network supporting conceptual processing and associative memory retrieval. Requesting semiotic contextualization, non-habitual interactions activated visuo-spatial and contextual rule-learning areas such as the temporo-parietal junction and right lateral prefrontal cortex. In summary, the cognitive-semiotic typology reflected distinct sensory and association networks underlying the interpretation of observed non-verbal social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhana Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Natural Media Lab, Human Technology Centre (HumTec), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Irene Mittelberg
- Natural Media Lab, Human Technology Centre (HumTec), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Center for Sign Language and Gesture (SignGes), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Linn-Marlen Rekittke
- Natural Media Lab, Human Technology Centre (HumTec), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Center for Sign Language and Gesture (SignGes), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Saurabh Bhavsar
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mikhail Zvyagintsev
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Brain Imaging Facility, Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Studies (IZKF), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annina Haeck
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fengyu Cong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Martin Klasen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Klaus Mathiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Center for Sign Language and Gesture (SignGes), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
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