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Pironet A, Vandewiele F, Vennekens R. Exploring the role of TRPM4 in calcium-dependent triggered activity and cardiac arrhythmias. J Physiol 2024; 602:1605-1621. [PMID: 37128952 DOI: 10.1113/jp283831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias pose a major threat to a patient's health, yet prove to be often difficult to predict, prevent and treat. A key mechanism in the occurrence of arrhythmias is disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiac muscle cells. As a Ca2+-activated non-selective cation channel, TRPM4 has been linked to Ca2+-induced arrhythmias, potentially contributing to translating an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration into membrane depolarisation and an increase in cellular excitability. Indeed, evidence from genetically modified mice, analysis of mutations in human patients and the identification of a TRPM4 blocking compound that can be applied in vivo further underscore this hypothesis. Here, we provide an overview of these data in the context of our current understanding of Ca2+-dependent arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Pironet
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, VIB Centre for Brain and Disease Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frone Vandewiele
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, VIB Centre for Brain and Disease Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rudi Vennekens
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, VIB Centre for Brain and Disease Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Poore CP, Hazalin NAMN, Wei S, Low SW, Chen B, Nilius B, Hassan Z, Liao P. TRPM4 blocking antibody reduces neuronal excitotoxicity by specifically inhibiting glutamate-induced calcium influx under chronic hypoxia. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 191:106408. [PMID: 38199274 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity arises from unusually excessive activation of excitatory amino acid receptors such as glutamate receptors. Following an energy crisis, excitotoxicity is a major cause for neuronal death in neurological disorders. Many glutamate antagonists have been examined for their efficacy in mitigating excitotoxicity, but failed to generate beneficial outcome due to their side effects on healthy neurons where glutamate receptors are also blocked. In this study, we found that during chronic hypoxia there is upregulation and activation of a nonselective cation channel TRPM4 that contributes to the depolarized neuronal membrane potential and enhanced glutamate-induced calcium entry. TRPM4 is involved in modulating neuronal membrane excitability and calcium signaling, with a complex and multifaceted role in the brain. Here, we inhibited TRPM4 using a newly developed blocking antibody M4P, which could repolarize the resting membrane potential and ameliorate calcium influx upon glutamate stimulation. Importantly, M4P did not affect the functions of healthy neurons as the activity of TRPM4 channel is not upregulated under normoxia. Using a rat model of chronic hypoxia with both common carotid arteries occluded, we found that M4P treatment could reduce apoptosis in the neurons within the hippocampus, attenuate long-term potentiation impairment and improve the functions of learning and memory in this rat model. With specificity to hypoxic neurons, TRPM4 blocking antibody can be a novel way of controlling excitotoxicity with minimal side effects that are common among direct blockers of glutamate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene P Poore
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 308433, Singapore
| | - Nurul A M N Hazalin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam, 42300, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Shunhui Wei
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 308433, Singapore
| | - See Wee Low
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 308433, Singapore
| | - Bo Chen
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 308433, Singapore
| | - Bernd Nilius
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Ping Liao
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 308433, Singapore.
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Mundrucz L, Kecskés A, Henn-Mike N, Kóbor P, Buzás P, Vennekens R, Kecskés M. TRPM4 regulates hilar mossy cell loss in temporal lobe epilepsy. BMC Biol 2023; 21:96. [PMID: 37101159 PMCID: PMC10134545 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mossy cells comprise a large fraction of excitatory neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, and their loss is one of the major hallmarks of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The vulnerability of mossy cells in TLE is well known in animal models as well as in patients; however, the mechanisms leading to cellular death is unclear. RESULTS Transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) is a Ca2+-activated non-selective cation channel regulating diverse physiological functions of excitable cells. Here, we identified that TRPM4 is present in hilar mossy cells and regulates their intrinsic electrophysiological properties including spontaneous activity and action potential dynamics. Furthermore, we showed that TRPM4 contributes to mossy cells death following status epilepticus and therefore modulates seizure susceptibility and epilepsy-related memory deficits. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence for the role of TRPM4 in MC excitability both in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mundrucz
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Angéla Kecskés
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Nóra Henn-Mike
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Péter Kóbor
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Péter Buzás
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Rudi Vennekens
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Biomedical Sciences Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, Louvain, 3000, Belgium
| | - Miklós Kecskés
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
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Malysz J, Maxwell SE, Petkov GV. Differential effects of TRPM4 channel inhibitors on Guinea pig urinary bladder smooth muscle excitability and contractility: Novel 4-chloro-2-[2-(2-chloro-phenoxy)-acetylamino]-benzoic acid (CBA) versus classical 9-phenanthrol. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e00982. [PMID: 35822549 PMCID: PMC9277609 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-selective cation channels in urinary bladder smooth muscle (UBSM) are thought to mediate increases in cellular excitability and contractility. For transient receptor potential melastatin type-4 (TRPM4) channels, the evidence primarily relies on the inhibitor 9-phenanthrol, which exhibits pharmacological limitations. Recently, 4-chloro-2-[2-(2-chloro-phenoxy)-acetylamino]-benzoic acid (CBA) has been discovered as a novel TRPM4 channel blocker. We examined how, in comparison to 9-phenanthrol, CBA affects the excitability of freshly isolated guinea pig UBSM cells and the contractility of UBSM strips. Additionally, non-selective TRPM4 channel inhibitor flufenamic acid (FFA) and potentiator BTP2 (also known as YM-58483) were studied in UBSM cells. Unlike robust inhibition for 9-phenanthrol already known, CBA (up to 100 μM) displayed either no or a very weak reduction (<20%) in spontaneous phasic, 20 mM KCl-induced, and electrical field stimulated contractions. For 300 μM CBA, reductions were higher except for an increase in the frequency of KCl-induced contractions. In UBSM cells, examined under amphotericin B-perforated patch-clamp, CBA (30 μM) did not affect the membrane potential (I = 0) or voltage step-induced whole-cell cation currents, sensitive to 9-phenanthrol. The currents were not inhibited by FFA (100 μM), increased by BTP2 (10 μM), nor enhanced under a strongly depolarizing holding voltage of -16 or + 6 mV (vs. -74 mV). None of the three compounds affected the cell capacitance, unlike 9-phenanthrol. In summary, the novel inhibitor CBA and nonselective FFA did not mimic the inhibitory properties of 9-phenanthrol on UBSM function. These results suggest that TRPM4 channels, although expressed in UBSM, play a distinct role rather than direct regulation of excitability and contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Malysz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
- Present address:
Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Sarah E. Maxwell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Georgi V. Petkov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
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Pharmacological Modulation and (Patho)Physiological Roles of TRPM4 Channel-Part 2: TRPM4 in Health and Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:ph15010040. [PMID: 35056097 PMCID: PMC8779181 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) is a unique member of the TRPM protein family and, similarly to TRPM5, is Ca2+ sensitive and permeable for monovalent but not divalent cations. It is widely expressed in many organs and is involved in several functions; it regulates membrane potential and Ca2+ homeostasis in both excitable and non-excitable cells. This part of the review discusses the currently available knowledge about the physiological and pathophysiological roles of TRPM4 in various tissues. These include the physiological functions of TRPM4 in the cells of the Langerhans islets of the pancreas, in various immune functions, in the regulation of vascular tone, in respiratory and other neuronal activities, in chemosensation, and in renal and cardiac physiology. TRPM4 contributes to pathological conditions such as overactive bladder, endothelial dysfunction, various types of malignant diseases and central nervous system conditions including stroke and injuries as well as in cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, hypertrophy, and ischemia-reperfusion injuries. TRPM4 claims more and more attention and is likely to be the topic of research in the future.
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Low SW, Gao Y, Wei S, Chen B, Nilius B, Liao P. Development and characterization of a monoclonal antibody blocking human TRPM4 channel. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10411. [PMID: 34002002 PMCID: PMC8129085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPM4 is a calcium-activated non-selective monovalent cation channel implicated in diseases such as stroke. Lack of potent and selective inhibitors remains a major challenge for studying TRPM4. Using a polypeptide from rat TRPM4, we have generated a polyclonal antibody M4P which could alleviate reperfusion injury in a rat model of stroke. Here, we aim to develop a monoclonal antibody that could block human TRPM4 channel. Two mouse monoclonal antibodies M4M and M4M1 were developed to target an extracellular epitope of human TRPM4. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to characterize the binding of these antibodies to human TRPM4. Potency of inhibition was compared using electrophysiological methods. We further evaluated the therapeutic potential on a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Both M4M and M4M1 could bind to human TRPM4 channel on the surface of live cells. Prolonged incubation with TRPM4 blocking antibody internalized surface TRPM4. Comparing to M4M1, M4M is more effective in blocking human TRPM4 channel. In human brain microvascular endothelial cells, M4M successfully inhibited TRPM4 current and ameliorated hypoxia-induced cell swelling. Using wild type rats, neither antibody demonstrated therapeutic potential on stroke. Human TRPM4 channel can be blocked by a monoclonal antibody M4M targeting a key antigenic sequence. For future clinical translation, the antibody needs to be humanized and a transgenic animal carrying human TRPM4 sequence is required for in vivo characterizing its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- See Wee Low
- Calcium Signalling Laboratory, Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Yahui Gao
- Calcium Signalling Laboratory, Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Shunhui Wei
- Calcium Signalling Laboratory, Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Bo Chen
- Calcium Signalling Laboratory, Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Bernd Nilius
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ping Liao
- Calcium Signalling Laboratory, Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore. .,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. .,Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore.
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Riquelme D, Cerda O, Leiva-Salcedo E. TRPM4 Expression During Postnatal Developmental of Mouse CA1 Pyramidal Neurons. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:643287. [PMID: 33994959 PMCID: PMC8113704 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.643287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPM4 is a non-selective cation channel activated by intracellular calcium and permeable to monovalent cations. This channel participates in the control of neuronal firing, neuronal plasticity, and neuronal death. TRPM4 depolarizes dendritic spines and is critical for the induction of NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Despite its functional importance, no subcellular localization or expression during postnatal development has been described in this area. To examine the localization and expression of TRPM4, we performed duplex immunofluorescence and patch-clamp in brain slices at different postnatal ages in C57BL/6J mice. At P0 we found TRPM4 is expressed with a somatic pattern. At P7, P14, and P35, TRPM4 expression extended from the soma to the apical dendrites but was excluded from the axon initial segment. Patch-clamp recordings showed a TRPM4-like current active at the resting membrane potential from P0, which increased throughout the postnatal development. This current was dependent on intracellular Ca2+ (ICAN) and sensitive to 9-phenanthrol (9-Ph). Inhibiting TRPM4 with 9-Ph hyperpolarized the membrane potential at P14 and P35, with no effect in earlier stages. Together, these results show that TRPM4 is expressed in CA1 pyramidal neurons in the soma and apical dendrites and associated with a TRPM4-like current, which depolarizes the neurons. The expression, localization, and function of TRPM4 throughout postnatal development in the CA1 hippocampal may underlie an important mechanism of control of membrane potential and action potential firing during critical periods of neuronal development, particularly during the establishment of circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Riquelme
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Cerda
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elias Leiva-Salcedo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
Already for centuries, humankind is driven to understand the physiological and pathological mechanisms that occur in our brains. Today, we know that ion channels play an essential role in the regulation of neural processes and control many functions of the central nervous system. Ion channels present a diverse group of membrane-spanning proteins that allow ions to penetrate the insulating cell membrane upon opening of their channel pores. This regulated ion permeation results in different electrical and chemical signals that are necessary to maintain physiological excitatory and inhibitory processes in the brain. Therefore, it is no surprise that disturbances in the functions of cerebral ion channels can result in a plethora of neurological disorders, which present a tremendous health care burden for our current society. The identification of ion channel-related brain disorders also fuel the research into the roles of ion channel proteins in various brain states. In the last decade, mounting evidence has been collected that indicates a pivotal role for transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels in the development and various physiological functions of the central nervous system. For instance, TRP channels modulate neurite growth, synaptic plasticity and integration, and are required for neuronal survival. Moreover, TRP channels are involved in numerous neurological disorders. TRPM3 belongs to the melastatin subfamily of TRP channels and represents a non-selective cation channel that can be activated by several different stimuli, including the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate, osmotic pressures and heat. The channel is best known as a peripheral nociceptive ion channel that participates in heat sensation. However, recent research identifies TRPM3 as an emerging new player in the brain. In this review, we summarize the available data regarding the roles of TRPM3 in the brain, and correlate these data with the neuropathological processes in which this ion channel may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Held
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Balázs István Tóth
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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You MS, Yang WB, Cheng CH, Yu S, Chang HC, Yu HS. Red LED light treatment promotes cognitive learning through up-regulation of trpm4 in zebrafish. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 213:112073. [PMID: 33186875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although light emitting diodes (LEDs) are widely used in our daily lives, there is little research regarding LED light's possible effects on biological functions. We used a zebrafish animal model to investigate the long-term effects of white, blue and red LED lights on cognitive learning and memory recall. Our data suggest that these treatments had not only an impact on learning but also surprisingly long-lasting effects, particularly with regard to individuals treated with red light. The qPCR results revealed that the expression levels of trpm4, trpa1b, grin2aa and dlg4 in the skin were increased after monochromatic light treatment. Furthermore, the up-regulation of trpm4 in the brain may correlate to enhanced learning and memory following red-light treatment. Our results identify a light-based stimulation system for enhancing zebrafish learning, which has the potential to provide important insights into the relationship between LED lighting and animal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- May-Su You
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Cheng
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Sebastian Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chao Chang
- Taiwan Instrument Reserach Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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Szpirer C. Rat models of human diseases and related phenotypes: a systematic inventory of the causative genes. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:84. [PMID: 32741357 PMCID: PMC7395987 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The laboratory rat has been used for a long time as the model of choice in several biomedical disciplines. Numerous inbred strains have been isolated, displaying a wide range of phenotypes and providing many models of human traits and diseases. Rat genome mapping and genomics was considerably developed in the last decades. The availability of these resources has stimulated numerous studies aimed at discovering causal disease genes by positional identification. Numerous rat genes have now been identified that underlie monogenic or complex diseases and remarkably, these results have been translated to the human in a significant proportion of cases, leading to the identification of novel human disease susceptibility genes, helping in studying the mechanisms underlying the pathological abnormalities and also suggesting new therapeutic approaches. In addition, reverse genetic tools have been developed. Several genome-editing methods were introduced to generate targeted mutations in genes the function of which could be clarified in this manner [generally these are knockout mutations]. Furthermore, even when the human gene causing a disease had been identified without resorting to a rat model, mutated rat strains (in particular KO strains) were created to analyze the gene function and the disease pathogenesis. Today, over 350 rat genes have been identified as underlying diseases or playing a key role in critical biological processes that are altered in diseases, thereby providing a rich resource of disease models. This article is an update of the progress made in this research and provides the reader with an inventory of these disease genes, a significant number of which have similar effects in rat and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Szpirer
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium.
- , Waterloo, Belgium.
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Frede W, Medert R, Poth T, Gorenflo M, Vennekens R, Freichel M, Uhl S. TRPM4 Modulates Right Ventricular Remodeling Under Pressure Load Accompanied With Decreased Expression Level. J Card Fail 2020; 26:599-609. [PMID: 32147520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival of patients with congenital heart defects including increased right ventricular pressure load (ie, tetralogy of Fallot) or pulmonary hypertension is dependent on the function of the right ventricle (RV). RV remodeling has several effects with progressive transition from compensated status to heart failure. Transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) forms cation channels expressed in myocardium, which was shown to modulate cardiac remodeling in the left ventricle of mice. Aim of this study was to identify the role of TRPM4 for contractile function and remodeling of the RV in a rat model of right ventricular pressure load. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed experiments with untreated rats and under monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pressure load comparing wild-type (Trpm4+/+) and TRPM4-deficient (Trpm4-/-) rats. RV function was characterized by echocardiography and contractility measurements of isolated papillary muscles. RV hypertrophy was investigated by echocardiography and by determination of hypertrophy indices. Pulmonary arterial remodeling was evaluated by echocardiography and histology. TRPM4 protein expression in RV of human, rat and mouse was detected by Western blot and quantified in rat. TRPM4 proteins were detected in RV myocardium of rat and mouse, which were not detectable in TRPM4-deficient animals. Proteins of the same size were found in RV of a pediatric patient with tetralogy of Fallot. In untreated status, Trpm4+/+ and Trpm4-/- rats showed comparable RV contractile function and dimensions. Under pressure load (42 days after MCT injection), RV hypertrophy was significantly increased in Trpm4-/- rats compared with Trpm4+/+ controls, whereas MCT-mediated alterations in cardiac contractility and pulmonary arterial remodeling were not affected by TRPM4 inactivation in rats. Finally, TRPM4 protein expression in RV was drastically reduced in MCT-treated rats, whereas left ventricle of the same animals showed no alteration in TRPM4 expression. CONCLUSIONS Right ventricular pressure load evoked by MCT treatment in rats leads to a prominent downregulation of TRPM4 protein expression in the RV and complete deletion of TRPM4 expression aggravates right ventricular hypertrophy. Thus, therapeutic modulation of TRPM4 expression and activity might represent a novel approach to target right ventricular remodeling in patients with pulmonary hypertension or otherwise loaded RV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Frede
- Department Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, University Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebekka Medert
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Poth
- Center for Model System and Comparative Pathology, University Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Gorenflo
- Department Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, University Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudi Vennekens
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - Marc Freichel
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Uhl
- Department Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, University Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Krolik A, Diamandakis D, Zych A, Stafiej A, Salinska E. The involvement of TRP channels in memory formation and task retrieval in a passive avoidance task in one-day old chicks. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 171:107209. [PMID: 32147584 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An increase in the intracellular Ca2+ level in neurons is one of the main steps in the memory formation cascade. The increase results from extracellular Ca2+ influx by activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors and release from intracellular stores by the stimulation of IP3 receptors (IP3Rs) via group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1/5). Recent data indicate an additional mechanism resulting in Ca2+ influx into neurons, triggered by intracellular signals that are directly connected to the activation of group I mGluRs. This influx occurs through transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which are permeable to Na+, K+ and, mainly, Ca2+. These channels are activated by increases in intracellular Ca2+, diacylglycerol (DAC) and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) level resulting from a group I mGluR activation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the participation of TRP channels, especially from TRPC and TRPV groups, in memory consolidation and reconsolidation and memory retrieval processes in a passive avoidance task in one-day old chicks. TRP channels were blocked by the injection of the unspecific channel modulators SKF 96365 (2.5 µl 30 µM/hemisphere) and 2-APB (2.5 µl 10 µM/hemisphere) directly into the intermediate medial mesopallium (IMM) region of the chick brain immediately after initial training or after a reminder. The inhibition of specific TRP channels (TRPV1, TRPV3 or TRPC3) was achieved by the application of selective antibodies. Our results demonstrate that the inhibition of TRP channels by the application of both modulators disrupted memory consolidation, resulting in permanent task amnesia. The inhibition of the TRPV1, TRPC3 and TRPV3 channels by specific antibodies resulted in similar amnesia. Moreover, the inhibition of TRP channels by SKF 96365 and 2-APB at different time points after initial training or after the reminder also resulted in amnesia, indicating the role of TRP channels in memory retrieval. The inhibition of calcium influx through these channels resulted in permanent memory disruption, which suggests that the calcium signal generated by TRP channels is crucial for memory formation and retrieval processes. For the first time, the important role of TRPV3 channels in memory formation was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Krolik
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Diamandakis
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zych
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Stafiej
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Salinska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Krautwald K, Mahnke L, Angenstein F. Electrical Stimulation of the Lateral Entorhinal Cortex Causes a Frequency-Specific BOLD Response Pattern in the Rat Brain. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:539. [PMID: 31191231 PMCID: PMC6547013 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although deep brain stimulation of the entorhinal cortex has recently shown promise in the treatment of early forms of cognitive decline, the underlying neurophysiological processes remain elusive. Therefore, the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) was stimulated with trains of continuous 5 Hz and 20 Hz pulses or with bursts of 100 Hz pulses to visualize activated neuronal networks, i.e., neuronal responses in the dentate gyrus and BOLD responses in the entire brain were simultaneously recorded. Electrical stimulation of the LEC caused a wide spread pattern of BOLD responses. Dependent on the stimulation frequency, BOLD responses were only triggered in the amygdala, infralimbic, prelimbic, and dorsal peduncular cortex (5 Hz), or in the nucleus accumbens, piriform cortex, dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus (20 Hz), and contralateral entorhinal cortex (100 Hz). In general, LEC stimulation caused stronger BOLD responses in frontal cortex regions than in the hippocampus. Identical stimulation of the perforant pathway, a fiber bundle projecting from the entorhinal cortex to the dentate gyrus, hippocampus proper, and subiculum, mainly elicited significant BOLD responses in the hippocampus but rarely in frontal cortex regions. Consequently, BOLD responses in frontal cortex regions are mediated by direct projections from the LEC rather than via signal propagation through the hippocampus. Thus, the beneficial effects of deep brain stimulation of the entorhinal cortex on cognitive skills might depend more on an altered prefrontal cortex than hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Krautwald
- Functional Neuroimaging Group, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Liv Mahnke
- Department Functional Architecture of Memory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Angenstein
- Functional Neuroimaging Group, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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14
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Gao Y, Liao P. TRPM4 channel and cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 454:66-69. [PMID: 30980865 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The TRPM4 channel has been extensively studied in cerebral diseases such as stroke, head injury and multiple sclerosis. In the heart, gain-of-function mutations of TRPM4 are a cause of familial cardiac block. Recently, evidence has emerged to support the role of TRPM4 in certain types of cancer, such as prostate cancer and large B cell lymphoma. The expression of TRPM4 could mediate certain behaviors of cancer cells such as migration and invasion. However, the mechanisms are largely unknown. As a nonselective monovalent cation channel, TRPM4 upregulation and activation enhance sodium entry, which leads to depolarization of the membrane potential. The membrane potential is critical in regulating calcium influx, and a disturbed calcium homeostasis is always associated with cancer cell behaviors. Research on TRPM4 channels in cancer is at a very early stage. In this review, we summarize the expression of TRPM4 in various cancers as well as our current understanding of TRPM4 in cancer. The potential mechanisms of the TRPM4 channel in regulating calcium homeostasis in cancer cells are further discussed in detail. Targeting the TRPM4 channel can be a novel way of managing cancer metastasis via disrupting calcium signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Gao
- Calcium Signalling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Ping Liao
- Calcium Signalling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore.
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15
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Low frequency pulse stimulation of Schaffer collaterals in Trpm4 -/- knockout rats differently affects baseline BOLD signals in target regions of the right hippocampus but not BOLD responses at the site of stimulation. Neuroimage 2018; 188:347-356. [PMID: 30553915 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of right Schaffer collateral in Trpm4-/- knockout and wild type rats were used to study the role of Trpm4 channels for signal processing in the hippocampal formation. Stimulation induced neuronal activity was simultaneously monitored in the CA1 region by in vivo extracellular field recordings and in the entire brain by BOLD fMRI measurements. In wild type and Trpm4-/- knockout rats, consecutive 5 Hz pulse trains elicited similar neuronal responses in the CA1 region and similar BOLD responses in the stimulated right hippocampus. Stimulus-related positive BOLD responses were also found in the left dorsal hippocampus. In contrast to the right dorsal hippocampus, baseline BOLD signals in the left hippocampus significantly decreased during consecutive stimulation trains. Similarly, slowly developing significant declines in baseline BOLD signals, in absence of any positive BOLD responses, were also observed in the right entorhinal, right piriform cortex, right basolateral amygdala and right dorsal striatum whereas baseline BOLD signals remained almost stable in the corresponding left regions. Furthermore, significant declines in baseline BOLD signals were found in the prefrontal cortex and prelimbic/infralimbic cortex. Because significant baseline BOLD declines were only observed in target regions of the right dorsal hippocampus, it might reflect functional connectivity between these regions. In all observed regions the decline in baseline BOLD signals was significantly delayed and less pronounced in Trpm4-/- knockout rats when compared to wild type rats. Thus, either Trpm4 channels are involved in mediating these baseline BOLD shifts or functional connectivity of the hippocampus is impaired in Trpm4-/- knockout rats.
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